#Arabic Alphabets :

 The Alphabets of Arabic language are called “Huroof ul Hija”. They are as follows –

Huroof ul Hija

‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ ء‬/‫ا‬

‫ز س ش ص‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬

‫ق‬ ‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬

‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬

#Harakat

 In Arabic, Harakat, or vowel points serves as phonetically guides.

 ‫‘ – ب‬BA’ with Fatha, an alphabet with Fatha is called ‘maftuh’
‫‘ – ب‬BI’ with kasra, an alphabet with kasra is called ‘maksoor’.
‫‘ – ب‬BU’ with dammah. An alphabet with Dammah is called ‘Mazmoom’
 Double Harakat is called “Tanween”. ‫‘ – ب‬BAN’ with double fatha,
‫‘ – ب‬BIN’ with double kasra,
‫‘ – ب‬BUN’ with double Dammah.

#Sukoon

 Sukoon literally meaning as ‘at rest’ or ‘still’. In Arabic text it is typically looks like this
‫ب‬.
 The sukoon symbol indicates absence of a vowel or absence of a Harakat on an alphabet,
meaning that the alphabet has no single or double Harakat above or below it.

#The difference between Alif and Hamza:

‫ – ا‬This is ‘Alif’. There is no Harakat or sukoon symbol on it.

‫ – اَ اِ ا ُ ا‬When Alif has any Harakat or sukoon on it, it becomes Hamza.

 The total number of Alphabet in Huroof ul Hija in Arabic is either 28 or 29.

 The difference is due to Alif and Hamza.
 If Alif and Hamza are considered separate Alphabets, then the total number is 29.
 If they are considered as a single alphabet, then the total number is 28.

#What is a ‘Word’ in Arabic :

The combination of Alphabets Huroof and Harakat make a word. For example:

‫ م‬+ ‫ ل‬+۠ ‫قلم = ق‬

#Kalimah :

Every language has words which can be two types :

 Meaningful words
 Meaningless words
 All words in the Quran are meaningful words. There are no meaningless words in the
Quran.

A meaningful word in Arabic is called ‘Kalimah’…

#Introduction to Arabic parts of speech :

 Whenever grammatical rules are established for any language, the meaningful words in
that language are assigned to different categories.
 In English, these categories are called ‘parts of speech’. In English, typically there are eight
parts of speech.
 In Arabic, there are three parts of speech. All Kalimah (meaningful words) in Arabic are
divided into three categories.
 These are:
‫اسم فعل حرف‬

#Ism :

The first and most foremost important rule to know that –

ISM IS NOT THE SAME AS NOUN.

 Oftentimes, ism is confused with ‘Noun’ in English language.

 Noun is not ism. Rather, Noun is one category include within Ism.
 Ism should be called ‘Ism’ in Arabic, English, Urdu, etc as that is the correct terminology.
 Ism literally means ‘NAME’ in Arabic.

#Categories of Ism :

1. Names :
a) Names of a person – Every name of an individual is Ism. For example : Zaid ‫زيد‬,
Maryam ‫مريم‬.
b) Name of a thing – For example : Chair ‫كرسي‬, Book ‫كتاب‬, Pen ‫قلم‬.
 c) Name of a place – For example : House ‫بيت‬, Masjid ‫مسجد‬, Mecca ‫م َّكة‬.
d) Name of an “Action” /Masdar – Note that, this includes NAMES of actions only.
For example : Studying, teaching, sitting, standing, eating, drinking, sleeping.
An example from Arabic is -
‫ إنفاق‬is a name of an action “Spending ”. Do not confused it with verb. (we will study
verb in later section)

2. Pronouns:
Pronoun is a word that can be used instead of a Noun.
a) Personal pronouns :

Independent pronouns – Raf’a and proper

‫هما‬ ‫هو‬
‫هم‬ Both of them He
They
‫هما‬ ‫هي‬
‫ه َّن‬ Both of them She
They female female
‫أنتما‬ ‫أنت‬
‫أنتم‬ Both of you You
All of you
‫أنتما‬ ‫أنت‬
‫أنت َّن‬ Both of You You female
All of you Female
female
‫أنا‬
‫نحن‬ I
We

Attached pronoun – Nasb / Jarr and proper

‫ هم‬/ ‫هم‬ ‫ هما‬/ ‫هما‬ ‫ ه‬/ ‫ه‬

‫ ه َّن‬/ ‫ه َّن‬ ‫ هما‬/ ‫هما‬ ‫ها‬

‫كم‬ ‫كما‬ ‫ك‬

‫ك َّن‬ ‫كما‬ ‫ك‬

‫نا‬ ‫ ي‬/ ‫ني‬

b) Demonstrative pronouns / Ismul Ishara :

For pointing near (Proper)

Pair Singular
Plural Non
Non flexible
flexible
‫هذه‬ ‫هذا‬ Masculine
‫هؤَلء‬ Both of This
these these
‫هتان‬ ‫هذه‬ Feminine
‫هؤَلء‬

For pointing Far (Proper )

Pair Singular
Plural Non
Non flexible
flexible
‫ٰذنك‬ ‫ٰذلك‬ Masculine
‫أؤَلءك‬ Both of That
those those
‫ٰتنك‬ ‫تلك‬ Feminine
‫أؤَلءك‬

C) Conjunctive /Relative pronouns / Ism mawsool :

Plural Pair Singular

Non Non
flexible flexible
Proper Proper
Proper
‫الَّذان‬ ‫الَّذي‬ Masculine
َّ
‫الذين‬
 ‫الَّتان‬ ‫الَّتي‬ Feminine
/ ‫َّاَلتي‬
/ ‫الَّواتي‬
‫الَّءي‬
‫ما‬
‫من‬

3. Sifaat /Adjectives: The literal meaning of Sifaat is Qualities or attributes. There are several
categories of Sifaat. They are :

a) Basic attributes and qualities : For example:

‫ – صالح‬pious
‫ – جميل‬Beautiful

b) Names of colors : For example :

‫ – اسود‬Black
‫ – احمر‬Red
‫ – ابيض‬White
‫ ازرق‬- Blue
‫ – اخضر‬Green
‫ – اصفر‬Yellow
(All these colours is Masculine. The feminine colours will be discussed later in
Shaa Allah)

c) Miscellaneous category : We can get another four categories from Masdar (Name
of an action).
For example : let’s take a Masdar ‫ – سجود‬To do sajdah.
 Ism fai’l – ‫اجد‬ ِ ‫س‬
َ the one who do sajdah.
 Ism Mafool – ‫ َمس ُجود‬the one who is receiving Sajdah / Upon whom the
sajdah is done to – Allah azzawazal.
 Ism Mubaalagha – ‫سجَّاد‬ َ the one who does lots of sajdah / who does sajdah
again and again.
 Ism Tafdeel – ‫ اَسجَد‬The who does sajdah in comparison to another person.
For example zayed does more sajdah in comparison to Ibrahim. So, Zayed
is ‫اَسجَد‬.
#Comparative and superlative degrees :
English examples : Good – Better - Best

Arabic example :
Great – Greater – Greatest
‫ أكبر – كبير‬- ‫أكبر‬
 Small – smaller – smallest
‫أصغر – أصغر – صغير‬
We will study later when ‫ أكبر‬or ‫ أصغر‬can be used as a comparative degree and
superlative degree.
 Sifaat mushabbah : It follows the pattern ‫عليم‬.

Let’s look at the following example :

Sifaat Ism Tafdeel Ism Ism Ism fa’l Masdar
Mushabbah mubaalagha mafool
‫اعلم‬ ‫ ع ََّّلمة‬/ ‫ع ََّّلم‬ ‫معلوم‬ ‫عالم‬ ‫علم‬
‫عليم‬
The one The person The The Name
‫ عليم‬the one who knows who knows person person of
who knows more or a lot.. /thing who do Action
everything best in which is the action – To
in every comparison receiving ‘knowing’ know
moment. to other the action
people. For ‘knowing’
example : / upon
‫ه‬
‫– ّللَا اعلم‬ whom or
Allah which the
knows action
better / ‘knowing’
best. done to.

There are some more signs of Ism :

a) If a word has ‫ ة‬at the end, then it is an Ism. ‫ ة‬only comes at the end if an ism, not a fi’l or a
harf.
b) If a word has tanween at the end, then it is an Ism.
c) If a word starts with ‫ ال‬then it is an Ism. For example : ‫الحمد‬

Some more example :

1. ‫ – كتاب‬It is an ism because it’s a name of a thing.

2. ‫ – بيضاء‬White color. So it is an Ism. (‫ بيضاء‬is Feminine of ‫)ابيض‬
3. ‫ – مؤمن‬Believer. It is an ism Fai’l. We will study later.
4. ‫ – هو‬It is a pronoun.. So it is an Ism.
# Introduction to the four characteristics of Ism :

In Arabic, we need to know four characteristics about each ism. Without these characteristics, we
can neither fully understand the Ism, nor use it properly in a sentence.

We must know the following four characteristics of each ism :

Characteristic Arabic term Description

Gender of Ism ‫ جنس‬Jins Whether the ism is –

Masculine – ‫ مذ َّكر‬muzakkar

Or

Feminine – ‫ مؤنَّث‬muannas

Number of Ism ‫ عدد‬A’dad Whether the ism is –

Singular - ‫واحد‬

Pair – ‫مثنَّی‬

Plural - ‫جمع‬

Capacity of Ism ‫ وسعت‬Wusa’t Whether the ism is –

Definite – ‫معرف‬

Indefinite - ‫نكره‬

Status of Ism ‫ اعراب‬i’raab Whether the ism is –

Marfoo – ‫مرفع‬
 Mansoob – ‫منصوب‬

Majroor - ‫مجرور‬

# Gender of Ism :

Every Ism will have gender, which will be either Muzakkar or Muannas.

 To use an ism in a sentence, it is very important to know the Gender of an

ism.
 It is important to know if the ism is Muzakkar or Muannas.
 If the Ism is neither Masculine or feminine in the traditional sense, then it
is important to know how to use that is as a masculine or feminine. For
example :
Girl : Clearly feminine
Boy : Clearly masculine
Pen : ‫ – قلم‬In Arabic it is Masculine
Book : ‫ – كتاب‬In Arabic it is also Masculine
So, ‫ كتاب‬or ‫ قلم‬are both examples of an ism. But to use in a sentence we need
to know four characteristics of ism and gender is one of them. So we need
to decide what gender we need to use for ‫ كتاب‬and ‫قلم‬. They both are ism but
they are themselves not Masculine or feminine words, but we will use them
as Masculine in a sentence.

# How to identify an Ism as Masculine or Feminine :

To easily identify as Ism as masculine or feminine, an Ism can be considered as Masculine, unless
it is proven Feminine.

So, we will focus our study on how to identify Feminine isms.

So, for each ism, we will look at certain criteria and we will see if that ism fits the criteria for a
Feminine ism. If it meets that criteria, we will call that ism ‘a Feminine ism’. And if it does not
meet that criteria, we will call that ism ‘a Masculine ism’.

Now, we will focus our study on Feminine isms.

# Feminine Isms /Muannas :

Feminine isms are broadly divided into two categories.

 Real feminine or Haqeeqi Muannas.

 Unreal Feminine or Ghair Haqeeqi Muannas.
# Real feminine or Haqeeqi Muannas :

 Members of ‘Real feminine’ category are universally designated as feminine in human

being or animal. It is feminine in every language.
 Each Real feminine will have a defined opposite Masculine gender such as woman/man,
girl/boy, mother/father.
 All female name is also considered as Real feminine. For example : ‫مريم زينب فاطمة حس ٰنی‬
‫اسماء‬
 Any ism which is used to describe women or use for feminine. For example : ‫ – ام‬mother,
‫ – ابنة‬Daughter
 Real feminine isms are the easiest to identify. If we know the meaning of the word in
Arabic, we can easily identify this category of words as feminine.
 Examples :
‫ – ام‬Mother.
‫ – بنت‬Daughter.
‫ – أخت‬Sister.
‫ – إمرءة‬Woman.
‫ – بقرة‬Cow.
‫ – ناقة‬Female camel

# Unreal feminine or Ghair Haqeeqi Muannas :

 Unreal feminine, is determined to be feminine as they are used as feminine in a sentence.

 Unreal feminine isms does not have corresponding Masculine Gender.

Unreal feminine Muannas are two types.

 A’laamati Muannas : These are also called “Marked Muannas’ because they can identified
by symbols. So, the presence of a marg or a symbol will indicate, this is a A’laamati
Muannas.
 Samaay’i Muannas : These are feminine because Arabs said so. These feminine isms must
be used as feminine by convention (without any rules). These isms are used as Feminine
by Native speakers of Arabic language and we have to follow their rules. No mark or
symbol is present to indicate their femininity and they are not from the category of ‘Real
Feminine’.

Now we will study A’laamati Muannas.

There are three signs of A’laamati Muannas in Arabic grammar.

99% 1. The presence of ‫ة‬
‘Tamarboota’ or
‘round taa’ at the end If an ism has ‫ ة‬at the end, then
of Unreal Feminine is it will be treated AS
or Ghair haqeeqi FEMININE. For example
muannas . :‫جنَّة غرفة ٰاية‬

Exception : ‫اسامة خليفة ع ََّّلمة‬

Though these words has ‫ ة‬at

the end, it is used for male
gender. So, it will be used in a
sentence as Masculine and
will be treated as Masculine.

1% 2. Alif mamdoodah ‫اء‬

For example : Feminine

#Color name – ‫حمراء يوداء‬
‫صفراء‬

#Body defects name :

‫ بكماء‬- Mute

1% 3. Alif maksoorah ‫ٰی‬

For example : #Feminine

superlative degree – ‫ری‬
ٰ ‫اكب‬
‫العلي ٰی‬

#Other examples :

‫ عطش ٰی‬- Thirsty

‫ – ذكر ٰی‬advice

Exception : when a All words which has ‫ اء‬or ‫ ٰی‬at

word has three letters the end is not feminine. Words
and those three letters ends with ‫ اء‬or ‫ ٰی‬could be
are followed by ‫ اء‬or Masculine also.
‫ی‬,
ٰ then the word is
considered Feminine. Rules for using ‫ اء‬or ‫ ٰی‬for
For example : in the Feminine :
word ‫ذكر ٰی‬, there are
three letters before ‫ی‬,
ٰ # ‫ اء‬and ‫ ٰی‬will not be included
so this is a Feminine in the root letters. It will be as
 word. On the other an EXTRA letter at the end of
hand, in the word ‫هد ٰی‬, the word. Most of the word
there are only two has three root letters. So ‫ اء‬and
letters before ‫ی‬,
ٰ so this ‫ ٰی‬will come as 4th or 5th letter
is not considered as in the word. For example :
feminine, this is ‫صفراء حمراء يوداء‬
Masculine. Similarly
‫ سماء‬and ‫ ماء‬both will In all these words ‫ اء‬came as a
be treated as fourth letter which is extra and
Masculine, not not included in Root letters.
feminine. That’s why they are Feminine.

# ‫ اء‬and ‫ ٰی‬of original word

will not be converted as ‫ و‬in
the Root letters . For example
: #Feminine superlative
degree – ‫ری العلي ٰی‬
ٰ ‫اكب‬

#Other examples :

‫ عطش ٰی‬- Thirsty

‫ – ذكر ٰی‬advice

For example : The root letters

for ‫ سماء‬are ‫س م و‬. So, The ‫اء‬
in the word ‫ سماء‬is converted
as ‫ و‬in the root letters of ‫سماء‬
.

Now, we will study Samaay’i Muannas..

The following categories includes words and names usd by Arabs as Feminine.

Certain words and names Parts of bodies that exist in Miscellaneous category
pairs

Words used for winds - ‫ريح‬ Hands – ‫ بد‬elbow – ‫ مرفق‬Nafs – person - ‫نفس‬
shoulders - ‫منكب‬

Words used for Alcohol - ‫خمر‬ Feet - ‫قدم‬ Sky – ‫سماء‬

Heel - ‫عقب‬
 ‫ سماء‬is used in Quran in Both
Masculine and feminine.

Words used for fire – ‫ نار جهنَّم‬Arms - Sun - ‫شمس‬

‫سعير‬
Legs – ‫رجل‬ House - ‫دار‬

Shin – ‫ساق‬

Ankle - ‫كعب‬

Names of cities, countries, Eyes – ‫عين‬ Land / earth – ‫أرض سبيل طريق‬
tribes and clan - ‫مصر‬
Ears – ‫ أذن‬cheek – ‫خد‬ War – ‫حرب‬

Lip - ‫شفة‬ Ship – ‫فلك‬

Stick – ‫عصا‬

Glass – ‫كأس‬

Well / pond – ‫بءر‬

Let’s look at some examples :

Word Meaning Gender

‫ام‬ Mother Real feminine

‫اب‬ Father Real masculine

‫ولد‬ Boy Real masculine

‫بنت‬ Daughter Real feminine

‫رجل‬ Man Masculine

‫كتاب‬ Book Masculine

‫كرسي‬ Chair Masculine

‫مسجد‬ Mosque Masculine

 ‫مدرسة‬ School Unreal Feminine – A’laamati
Muannas - ‫ة‬

‫عين‬ Eye Unreal Feminine – samaayi

Muannas – body parts in pairs

‫انف‬ Nose Masculine

‫قمر‬ Moon Masculine

‫كوكب‬ Star Masculine

‫بيت‬ House Masculine

( ‫ – دار‬house, is Feminine )

‫اسامة‬ Name of a male person Masculine (because it is a

name of a male person. If it is
a name of a female, then it will
be treated as feminine)

# Masculine to Feminine :

For Isms : Masculine to Feminine :

We already know that, in Arabic, Each Real feminine will have a defined opposite Masculine
gender. Such as : Man ‫ – رجل‬Woman ‫امرءة‬. Boy ‫ ولد‬- Girl ‫بنت‬, Father ‫ – اب‬Mother ‫ام‬, Brother ‫– اخ‬
Sister ‫اخت‬.

Some Real Masculine isms can be converted to Feminine isms by by adding a fatha to the last
harf/alphabet of the masculine sifaat and then attach ‫ ة‬at the end. Such as : Son ‫ – ابن‬Daughter ‫ابنة‬,
Male baby ‫ – طفل‬female baby ‫طفلة‬, Male teacher ‫ – استاذ‬Female teacher ‫استاذة‬.

For Pronoun : Masculine to Feminine :

When we will study pronouns, then we will learn feminine pronouns also in shaa Allah.

For Adjectives : Masculine to Feminine :

In Arabic, Sifaat or Adjectives will also have Masculine or Feminine versions. Sifaat is a category
of Ism.

# How to convert Masculine sifaat into feminine sifaat : Ism fai’l, Ism mafool and Sifaat
mushabbah:
Add a fatha to the last harf/alphabet of the masculine sifaat and then attach ‫ ة‬at the end.

Adjectives Masculine Feminine

adjective adjective

Ism Fai’l ‫قاتل‬ ‫قاتلة‬

Ism Mafool ‫مقتول‬ ‫مقتولة‬

Sifaat ‫جميل‬ ‫جميلة‬

Mushabbah

How to make Masculine colors to feminine colors :

Feminine Root letters
Masculine colors colors
‫سوداء‬ ‫س و د‬
‫ – اسود‬Black ‫اء‬ (Alif
mamdoodah
) added as
EXTRA to
make
Feminine
‫حمراء‬ ‫ح م ر‬
‫ – احمر‬Red ‫اء‬ (Alif
mamdoodah
) added as
EXTRA to
make
Feminine
‫بيضاء‬ ‫ب ي ض‬
‫ – ابيض‬White ‫اء‬ (Alif
mamdoodah
) added as
EXTRA to
make
Feminine
‫زرقاء‬ ‫ز ر ق‬
‫ ازرق‬- Blue ‫اء‬ (Alif
mamdoodah
) added as
EXTRA to
make
Feminine
 ‫خضراء‬ ‫خ ض ر‬
‫ – اخضر‬Green ‫اء‬ (Alif
mamdoodah
) added as
EXTRA to
make
Feminine
‫صفراء‬ ‫ص ف ر‬
‫ – اصفر‬Yellow ‫اء‬ (Alif
mamdoodah
) added as
EXTRA to
make
Feminine

How to converts Masculine Body defects in Feminine :

Masculine Body defects Feminine Body defects Root letters

‫ابكم‬ ‫بكماء‬ ‫ب ك م‬

Mute (Same explanation as colour )

‫اعرج‬ ‫عرجاء‬ ‫ع ر ج‬

Limp /leg defects (Same explanation as colour )

How to convert Masculine ism Tafdeel to Feminine : (Comparative and superlative degree )

Masculine Ism Tafdeel Feminine ism Tafdeel Root letters

‫اكبر‬ ‫كبر ٰی‬ ‫كب ر‬

‫( ٰی‬Alif maqsoorah ) added as

EXTRA to make Feminine

‫اصغر‬ ‫صغر ٰی‬ ‫ص غ ر‬

‫( ٰی‬Alif maqsoorah) added as

EXTRA to make Feminine

‫احسن‬ ‫حسن ٰی‬ ‫ح س ن‬

‫( ٰی‬Alif maqsoorah ) added as

EXTRA to make Feminine
 ‫اعظم‬ ‫عظم ٰی‬ ‫ع ظ م‬

‫( ٰی‬Alif maqsoorah ) added as

EXTRA to make Feminine

Some more examples to identify the gender of Ism :

Ism Meaning Gender

‫مسجد‬ Mosque Masculine

‫مدرسة‬ School Feminine (‫)ة‬

‫جدار‬ Wall Masculine

‫دار‬ House Feminine (Samaayi muannas)

‫غرفة‬ Room Feminine (‫)ة‬

‫كوكب‬ Star Masculine

‫كتاب‬ Book Masculine

‫ساعة‬ Watch/clock Feminine (‫)ة‬

‫بيت‬ House Masculine

‫انف‬ Nose Masculine

‫قمر‬ Moon Masculine

‫مروحة‬ Fan Feminine (‫)ة‬

‫ك َّراسة‬ Pamphlet /Booklet Feminine (‫)ة‬

‫عين‬ Eye Feminine (Body parts in pairs)

‫كرسي‬ Chair Masculine

‫سيَّارة‬ Car / automobile Feminine (‫)ة‬

‫شباك‬ Window Masculine

‫رأس‬ Head Masculine

 ‫رجل‬ Man Masculine

‫فاطمة‬ Feminine name Real Feminine

‫اسامة‬ Masculine name Masculine (Because it is used

for Masculine name)

‫ع ََّّلمة‬ Term used for male scholar Masculine (because it is used

for male gender )
(Ism mubalagha)

‫مفتاح‬ Key Masculine

‫باب‬ Door Masculine

‫نافذة‬ Window Feminine (‫)ة‬

‫لسان‬ Tongue Masculine

‫إمرءة‬ Woman Feminine (‫)ة‬

‫عمر‬ Masculine name Real Masculine

‫زينب‬ Feminine name Real feminine

‫خليفة‬ Term used for male leader / Masculine

ruler
(because it is used for male
gender )

# Examples to identify Feminine gender of Isms:

Meaning Masculine Feminine

Man ‫رجل‬ ‫إمرءة‬

Boy ‫ولد‬ ‫بنت‬

Teacher ‫معلم‬ ‫معلمة‬

Teacher ‫مدرس‬ ‫مدرسة‬

Student ‫طالب‬ ‫طالبة‬

Believer ‫مؤمن‬ ‫مؤمنة‬

‫‪A person who submits‬‬ ‫مسلم‬ ‫مسلمة‬

‫‪A truthful person‬‬ ‫صادق‬ ‫صادقة‬

‫‪Standing‬‬ ‫قاءم‬ ‫قاءمة‬

‫‪New‬‬ ‫جديد‬ ‫جديدة‬

‫‪Bridegroom‬‬ ‫عريس‬ ‫عروس‬

‫‪King‬‬ ‫ملك‬ ‫ملكة‬

‫‪Teacher‬‬ ‫أستاذ‬ ‫أستاذة‬

‫‪Doctor‬‬ ‫طبيب‬ ‫طبيبة‬

‫‪Engineer‬‬ ‫مهندس‬ ‫مخندسة‬

‫‪Disbeliever‬‬ ‫كافر‬ ‫كافرة‬

‫‪Hypocrite‬‬ ‫منافق‬ ‫منافقة‬

‫‪Liar‬‬ ‫كاذب‬ ‫كاذبة‬

‫‪Sitting‬‬ ‫جالس‬ ‫جالسة‬

‫‪Old‬‬ ‫قديم‬ ‫قديمة‬

‫‪Present‬‬ ‫حاضر‬ ‫حاضرة‬

‫‪Scholar‬‬ ‫عالم‬ ‫عالمة‬

‫‪Pious‬‬ ‫صالح‬ ‫صالحة‬

‫‪Beautiful‬‬ ‫جميل‬ ‫جميلة‬

‫‪Going‬‬ ‫ذاهب‬ ‫ذاهبة‬

‫‪Long‬‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫طويلة‬

‫‪Big‬‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫كبيرة‬

‫‪Open‬‬ ‫مفتوح‬ ‫مفتوحة‬

‫‪Near‬‬ ‫قريب‬ ‫قريبة‬

‫‪Good / pure‬‬ ‫طيب‬ ‫طيبة‬

 Absent ‫غاءب‬ ‫غاءبة‬

Ignorant ‫جاهل‬ ‫جاهلة‬

Evil ‫طالح‬ ‫طالحة‬

Ugly ‫قبيح‬ ‫قبيحة‬

Coming ‫قادم‬ ‫قادمة‬

Short ‫قصير‬ ‫قصيرة‬

Small ‫صغير‬ ‫صغيرة‬

Closed ‫مغلق‬ ‫مغلقة‬

Far ‫بعيد‬ ‫بعيدة‬

Malicious ‫خبيث‬ ‫خبيثة‬

So, the bottom line –

 ‫ ة‬/ Tamarboota is the main / default symbol for converting a Masculine sifaat to a Feminine
sifaat.
 ‫ اء‬/ Alif mamdoodah is used for converting Masculine colors and body defects to Feminine
colors and body defects.
 ‫ ٰی‬/ Alif maqsoorah is used for converting Masculine ism tafdeel (comparative and
superlative degree ) to feminine ism tafdeel.