Properties of Communication

1.
Process
a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.
Communication is a process because it follows certain steps or there is a step by step

process in order to achieve an effective communication.
The process of communication refers to the transmission or passage of information or

message from the sender through a selected channel to the receiver overcoming
barriers that affect its pace.
The process of communication is a cyclic one as it begins with the sender and ends
with the sender in the form of feedback. It takes place upward, downward and laterally
throughout the organization.
The process of communication as such must be a continuous and dynamic interaction,
both affecting and being affected by many variables.
Communication process consists of certain steps where each step constitutes the
essential of an effective communication.
2. Communication is a dynamic process. It goes way beyond the words we say.

Many people interchange the words communication, language, and speech; but
these terms are not synonymous. Speech refers to the actual words or sounds
that are coming from your mouth. Language is the grammar, meaning and ability
to use the words you have. When people talk about language, they are referring
to both verbal and non-verbal language. Communication encompasses both
language and speech, but it is more than that. It is the ability to share thoughts
and experiences in a meaningful way while taking in, processing, and responding
to the person you are talking with.
Communication is a dynamic process composed by multiple elements and steps: a

sender, encoding, messages, channels, noises, a receiver, decoding, the
receiver’s response and feedback, and context. It may be intentional or
unintentional and it is always influenced by factors such as time, topic and
circumstances as well as one’s cultural background (Jandt, 1998: 27).
Communication is dynamic – it is not static. It is not fixed but always changing. As it

deals with change of behavior it changes constantly.
3. Interactive model (also known as convergence model) deals with exchange of

ideas and messages taking place both ways from sender to receiver and vice-
versa.
Communication is transactional – the essence of the term transaction is relationship.
Included in the transactional characteristic of communication is the fact that each
communication event is unique combination of people, messages, and situation that
operate to achieve some definite purpose.
Interactive Model
With the interactive model of communication, both the sender and the receiver of
information encode and decode information continuously. Instead of information being
sent one way, from the sender to the receiver, both participants send information back
and forth. Wilbur Schramm also proposed that both the sender and receiver interpret
the message, rather than accurately assessing the message’s meaning.
4. Symbolic communication includes gestures, body language and facial

expressions, as well as vocal moans that can indicate what an individual wants
without having to speak. Research argues that about 55% of all communication
stems from nonverbal language.
5. Intentional
Something that is done with intention or purpose.
This implies that we are speaking with awareness of our purpose and its effect
on others.
6. What is contextual communication?
Contextual communication is defined as the bidirectional transfer of information between two

parties where both sides are aware of the relational, environmental and cultural context of the
exchange. Simply put, it means that all entities involved know what the conversation is about.
What is context?
Context also known as the communal condition of an environment refers to a process

which involves the evaluation of information that will have an effect on the probability of
success regarding the communication process, it is as a result of this fact that effective
communication depends on the mass of common shared knowledge between various
people. In order for a one to understand a unit of communication on a technical level
they need to understand the process regarding the outcome of the transmission with
consideration upon wither it was understood by the receiver. An example of applied
contextual situations can be noted through how ones mannerisms change when in their
work environment in comparison to a night out with either friends or family. There are
however five different forms of existing context today (Louw and Cilliers 2014, p.22).
Cultural context
In order for an individual to understand what the cultural context involves with regard to
how it affects communication between people it is essential that they ask themselves the
question, what is culture ?Culture refers to the set of values, attitudes, beliefs and views
that are integrated within our core principals. These characteristics not only influence the
way we think but the way we view the world. Moreover ‘culture’ as a tool of assimilation
affects our communication habits as well as personal preferences with regard to desires,
needs and wants. Nevertheless, it as a result of this all encompassing actuality that
miscommunication occurs so regularly within not only working but social environments.
As a result of this fact the cultural context can affect the sharing of meaning in not only
the work place but almost all the other forms of context. An example of this can be noted
through observation Western African countries, who have several restrictions with regard
to how women are allowed to articulate themselves in public. Nevertheless, this actuality
can affect a variety of factors in the workplace with regard to ones daily occupational
duties, if they work in a profession where they are required to speak loudly For example
if it is your responsibility to tell your fellow colleagues orders in a professional kitchen as
a result of one’s cultural obligations you may not be able to perform in that particular
desired occupation.
The relationship between culture and communication, in all its forms, is

tightly interwoven and interlinked. We can see that communication enables
the spread and reiteration of culture. Both communications and the media
propagate the values and schemas of a culture through
the repeated interaction and exchange enabled by the communications
process.

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1.

a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.

Communication is a process because it follows certain steps or there is a step by step

The process of communication refers to the transmission or passage of information or

2. Communication is a dynamic process. It goes way beyond the words we say.

Communication is a dynamic process composed by multiple elements and steps: a

Communication is dynamic – it is not static. It is not fixed but always changing. As it

3. Interactive model (also known as convergence model) deals with exchange of

4. Symbolic communication includes gestures, body language and facial

Something that is done with intention or purpose.

6. What is contextual communication?

Contextual communication is defined as the bidirectional transfer of information between two

Context also known as the communal condition of an environment refers to a process

The relationship between culture and communication, in all its forms, is

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