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    7 Hydrulic Diameter

    Uploaded by

    Azfarizal Mukhtar
    The hydraulic diameter, DH, is a commonly used term when handling flow in noncircular tubes and channels.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    7 Hydrulic Diameter

    Uploaded by

    Azfarizal Mukhtar
    92 views6 pages
    The hydraulic diameter, DH, is a commonly used term when handling flow in noncircular tubes and channels.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    The hydraulic diameter, DH, is a commonly used term when handling flow in noncircular tubes and channels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    92 views6 pages

    7 Hydrulic Diameter

    Uploaded by

    Azfarizal Mukhtar
    The hydraulic diameter, DH, is a commonly used term when handling flow in noncircular tubes and channels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Equivalent diameter is not the same as hydraulic diameter.

    The hydraulic diameter, DH, is a commonly used term when handling flow in
    noncircular tubes and channels. Using this term one can calculate many things in
    the same way as for a round tube. It is defined as

    where A is the cross sectional area and P is the wetted perimeter of the cross-
    section.
    The Manning formula contains a quantity called the hydraulic radius. Despite
    what the name may suggest, the hydraulic diameter is not twice the hydraulic
    radius, but four times.
    Hydraulic diameter is mainly used for calculations involving turbulent
    flow. Secondary flows can be observed in non-circular ducts as a result of
    turbulent shear stress in the turbulent flow.
    Hydraulic diameter is also used in calculation of heat transfer in internal flow
    problems.
    The hydraulic diameter is also used to calculate the pressure loss in a ducts or
    pipe.

    Hydraulic Diameter
    Note! - equivalent diameter is not the same as hydraulic diameter. The hydraulic diameter
    express the rate between the area section of the duct or tube, and the wetted perimeter of
    the duct or tube. Hydraulic diameter is used to determine if the flow is laminar or turbulent
    and to calculate the pressure los

    Less delta pressure will increase flow rate

    P = 2 3.142 0.5 (( / 2)^2 + ( / 2)^2)^0.5

    List of hydraulic diameters

    Geometry Hydraulic diameter Comment

    1
    For a circular tube
    the hydraulic
    Circular tube diameter is simply
    the diameter of the
    tube.

    Annulus

    Square duct

    Rectangular duct
    (fully filled)

    For the limiting case


    Channel of water or of a very wide duct,
    partial filled i.e. a slot of
    rectangular duct width a where a b,
    then DH = 2b

    For a fully filled duct or pipe whose cross section is a regular polygon, the
    hydraulic diameter is equivalent to the diameter of a circle inscribed within
    the wetted perimeter.

    Hydraulic Diameter of a Circular Tube or Duct

    Based on equation (1) the hydraulic diameter of a circular duct can be expressed
    as:

    2
    dh = 4 r2 / 2 r

    =2r (2)

    where

    r = pipe or duct radius (m, ft)

    As we could expect the hydraulic diameter of a standard circular tube or duct is


    two times the radius.

    Hydraulic Diameter of a Circular Tube with an inside Circular Tube

    Based on equation (1) the hydraulic diameter of a circular duct or tube with an
    inside duct or tube can be expressed as

    dh = 4 ( ro2 - ri2) / (2 ro + 2 ri)

    = 2 (ro - ri) (3)

    where

    ro = inside radius of the outside tube (m, ft)

    ri = outside radius of the inside tube (m, ft)

    Hydraulic Diameter of Rectangular Tubes or Ducts

    3
    Based on equation (1) the hydraulic diameter of a rectangular duct or pipe can
    be calculated as

    dh = 4 a b / (2 (a + b))

    = 2 a b / (a + b) (4)

    where

    a = width/height of the duct (m, ft)

    b = height/width of the duct (m, ft)

    Equivalent diameter:

    The equivalent diameter is the diameter of a circular duct or pipe that gives the
    same pressure loss as an equivalent rectangular duct or pipe.

    The equivalent diameter of a rectangular tube or duct can be calculated as


    (Huebscher)

    de = 1.30 x ((a x b)0.625 / (a + b)0.25) (1)

    where

    de = equivalent diameter (mm, inches)

    a = length of major or minor side (mm, inches)

    b = length of minor or major side (mm, inches)

    4
    Oval Equivalent Diameter (Ellipse)
    The equivalent diameter of a oval duct or tube (ellipse) can be calculated as
    (Heyt & Diaz)

    de = 1.55 A0.625 / P0.25 (2)

    where

    A = cross-sectional area oval duct (m2, in2)

    P = perimeter oval duct (m, inches)

    The cross-sectional area of an oval duct can be expressed as

    A=ab/4

    where

    a = major dimension of the flat oval duct (m, in)

    b = minor dimension of the flat oval duct (m, in)

    The perimeter of an oval duct (ellipse) can be approximated to

    P 2 (1/2 ((a / 2)2 + (b / 2)2))1/2 (2b)

    Oblong Ducts

    5
    Equivalent diameters of oblong ducts or pipes can be expressed as

    de = 1.55 ( b2 / 4 + a b - b2)0.625/( b + 2 a - 2 b)0.25 (3)

    Perimeter of Ellipse

    M3

    (m2)

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