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d'n'se/ dgfO{Psf] 5 . afsL k[i7 # df===
l;k ljsf; tflnd lbO{g]
hgsk'/df cfof]lht ;Dd]ngdf d~rfl;g df=:g]xkfn l;+xhL -afFof_, >L l6sf axfb'/ kxf/L,
df=rDkt /fohL, >L /3'gfy ;fx, >L dgf]x/ ;fx, >L cf]d k|sfz ;/f{km, O{=/fda[If ;fx .
Psn ;dfrf/, ljZj lxGb" kl/ifb g]kfnsf] tyf ;f]xL cg'k ljZj lxGb" kl/ifb\n]
sfo{stf{ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ljZj lxGb" ljZj el/sf lxGb" ;dfhnfO{ hf] 8g] sfd
kl/ifbsf cGt/fli6o dxfdlGq df= rDkt ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf >L dgf]x/
/fohLsf] g]kfn k|jf;sf] qmddf cfof]lht ;f] ;fxn] ;+:sf/o'Qm lzIffdf hf]8 lbO{g' kg]{ atfpg'
Psn ejg sf7df08f}d f cfof]l ht a}7 s ;Dd]ng r}q @* ut] emfkfsf] ljtf{df]8 l:yt eof] . sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f]if0f Psn ljb\ofno c~rn
df ;xeflu dxfg'efjx . cltly ;bgdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf ;ldltsf cWoIf >L ljho em' gem' gafnfn]
Psn ;dfrf/, hgsNof0f k|lti7fg4f/f lj=lx=k= g]kfnsf k|ef/L df= :g]xkfn l;+x, ug{'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmd ;dfkg kZrft
;+rflnt Psn ljb\ofno cleofg tyf ef/t /fli6o cWoIf >L l6sf axfb'/ kxf/L, lhNnf df= rDkt /fohL a}zfv ! ut] lj/u+hdf cfof]hgf
;/sf/sf] National Insititute of Design pkfWoIf >L 8Da/ a/fn, >Lxl/ ;T;+u ;ldltsf x'g] ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ k|:yfg ug{' ePsf]
(NID) sf] ;dGjodf l;k ljsf; tflnd ;+rfng /fli6o cWoIf >L nIdL 9'ufgf tyf k"0f{sflns lyof] . To:t} la/u+h kZrft a}zfv @ ut]
ul/g] ePsf] 5 . :jfanlDa ufpF lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{stf{x, :yflgo sfo{stf{ Pj+ :yflgoaf;L kf]v/fdf ;d]t ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
p2]Zon] lbg] ;f] tflndsf nflu Psn cleofgsf ;d]t ul/ sl/a %)) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
cGt/fli6o ;xof]uLx hd{gLaf6 >L /d]z h}g, lyof] . sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ df=rDkt kf]v/fsf] sfo{qmd kZrft a}zfv # ut]
ax/fO{gaf6 >L dx]zefO{ b]j, a}+unf]/af6 >L /fohLn] ;a}sf] lxt ug]{ g} lxGb' /x]sf] atfpg' lrtjgsf] b]j3f6df klg ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg
dx]z /fj tyf >L /ljb]j hL ;lxtsf] Ps 6f]nL eof] . pxfFn] eujfg /fdsf] cfbz{ af/] af]Nb} ug{e' Psf] lyof] . ;f]xL lbg gjn k/f;Lsf] b'dsf}nL
Pj+ NID sf lgb]{zs 8f=k|B'Dg Aof; lar a[xt ;Dk"0f{ dfgj hfltsf] sNof0f ug{ eujfg /fdsf] l:ylt rf}w/L pb\of]u u|fddf cjl:y dlGb/
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sf7df08f}df cfof]lht ;f] e]6jftf{ sfo{qmddf sfo{qmddf cGo jQmfxn] ;d]t cfcfkm\gf] ut] sf7df08f},sflnsf:yfg l:yt cd[tef]u
Psn g]kfn ;ldltsf tkm{af6 dxf;lrj >L dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sDKn]S;df e]63f6 sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
;'lgn cu|jfn, ;lrj >L dxfjL/ l3/fO{of,
cleofg k|d'v >L lj/]Gb| a'9fyf]sLsf ;fy} ;f] ;fy} ;f]xL lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd la/f6gu/ l:yt lyof] . ;f] e]63f6 sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly
6f]nLsf ;xof]uL >L dx]z l3/fO{of ;d]tsf] cltly ;bgdf r}q @( ut], uf]n ahf/ l:yt df=rDkt /fo, ljlzi6 cltly ljZj lxGb"
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . lxGb" ljb\of kL7df r}q #) ut], hgsk'/ l:yt kl/ifbsf cGt/fli6o pkfWoIf >L lhj]Zj/ ld>f,
6f]nLn] bf]>f] lbg Psn ljb\ofno cjnf]sg ;d]t hfgsL kt+hnL of]u ;fwgf s]Gb|df r}q #! ut] g]kfn k|ef/L df=:g]xkfn l;+x, /fli6o cWoIf
u/]sf] lyof] . wflb lhNnfsf] uh'/L@, pHofnf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . hgsk'/df kl/ifb\sf >L l6sf axfb'/ kxf/L, k"0f{sflns sfo{stf{x,
ufpFsf] ljb\ofno cjnf]sgsf ;fy} cGt/lqmof ;Dks{ k|d'v >L ;'lgn rf}w/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf hgsNof0f k|lti7fgsf sf]iffWoIf >L ljgf]b kf]4f/
ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :yfgLo kdf pknAw cfof] hlt ;f] ;Dd]n gdf df=rDkt /fohL, Pj+ ;+3sf /fli6o sfo{jfx >L d'/nL lg/f}nf,
;|ft] , ;fwg tyf ;Defjgfaf/] rrf{ ePsf] lyof] . df=:g]xkfn l;+x hL, >L l6sf axfb'/ kxf/L, /fli6o k|rf/s df= j]b k|sfzhLsf ;fy} ;+3sf
To:t} tf/ gnfdf klg ljb\ofno cjnf]sgsf df=dxGy >L >L !))* >L huGgfy bf; hL, cg';f+l3s ;+u7gx hghflt sNof0f cf>d
;fy} df}/L kfng cjnf]sg ;d]t ul/Psf] cleofg of]u u' tyf lj=lx=k=sf s]lGb|o ;b:o >L dgf]x/ g]kfnsf tkm{ >L ldng e, >lds ;+3sf tkm{af6
k|d'v >L lj/]Gb| a'9fyf]sLn] hfgsf/L ;fx Pj+ :yflgo sfo{stf{ ;d]t ul/ sl/a ^)) ;+u7g d+qL >L uf]kfn ofbj, k|fl1s ljb\ofyL{
lbg'eof] . k|f/lDes cWoog kZrft tflnd hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{stf{nfO{ kl/ifbsf tkm{af6 >L gf/fo0f k|;fb 9sfn nufot
;Frfng ul/g] 6f]nLsf ;dGjostf{ >L dx]z ;Daf]wg ub}{ df= rDkt /fohLn] /fi6 ljsf;sf gu/ dlxnf ;ldltsf cWoIf >LdtL ladnf
l3/fO{ofn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . nflu lxGb" ;dfh ;+ul7t x'g' ckl/xfo{ /x]sf] aul8of ;d]tsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
 Psn ;dfrf/ sf7df08f}F, a}zfv @)&$ Apr.-May, 2017 @
ljljw
laif]z
GfofF g]kfnsf] pknlAw
gj jif{ @)&$
ls sd{, ljb]zLsf] bfj, g]kfnL ;+:s[lt
/ ;+:sf/nfO{ lgNg] b"/b[li6df b]z kf}8L
v]nL /x]sf] 5 . xfdL lk8f ef]uL /x]sf
jf;'b]j k|; fb rf}w/L g]kfnLx?n] lrGtg, dgg, pkfo vf]hLsf]
/fli6 o r] t gfsf] clej[ l 4f/f hgtfdf k|of; g} xfd|f] bfloTj x'g cfpF5 .
/fli6otf, b]z k|]d a9]sf] x'G5 . /fli6otf / b]z uf}/jdlo Oltxf;n] z';f]let ljZjsf]
k|]dsf] sdLdf s'g} klg b]z ljsf;sf] lbzfdf Psdfq lxGb" /fHo g]kfn dfgjtfsf]
cl3 a9\g ;Sb}g . JolQmjfb, gftfjfb, hfltjfb, k] |/s, c?sf] ;'v df cfkm\ g]f ;' v,
s[kfjfb, If]qjfb, lne]b, /+ue]bsf] tfgfafgfn] ljZjjGw'Tj efjgfn] cf]tk|f]t /x]sf]
b]zsf] cl:tTj g} vt/fdf x'G5 . clg hggL 5. gj jif{ @)&$ sf] cj;/df lxGb" :j+;]js ;+3 g]kfn4f/f
hGde"ldZr :juf{blk u/L o;L eGg] jfSon] /fhtGqaf6 k|hftGq Nofpg] qmddf kz'kltgfy dlGb/df cfof]lht lbk k|Hjng sfo{qmd
emg lk8f lbPsf] x'G5 . ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g, lxGb" b]z g]kfnsf] 7fpFdf gofF g]kfn
dfof, ddtf, kfP/ x's{]sf] dft[e"ld g} s06sdo ;+jT;/ Pp6f ;+:s[t zAb xf] h;sf] zflAbs cy{ Ps
cfof] . wGo 5g\ tL JolQmx? h;sf]
x'G5 . jif{ x'G5 . ;do sf] ;+sNkgfaf6 pTkGg, ;+jT;/ ;dosf]
cfTdfaf6 goFf zAb k|:km"l6t ePsf] 5
s'g} klg ;+/rgf b]znfO{ ljsf;sf] lbzfdf n}hfg] ljzfn sfnrqm sf] Ps ;"Id 36s xf] .
/ h;n] o;sf] k[i7kf]if0f u/]sf 5g\ .
p2]Zon] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] x'G5 . x/]s lgsfodf ljqmd ;+jtsf] z'?cft %& O{;f k"j{df ePsf] lyof] .
o;nfO{ km'nfpg' kmnfpg' ;a}sf] st{Ao
x/]s If]q, ju{ hfltsf] ;xeflutf k/d cfjZos ;d|f6 ljqmdflbTo f/f ljho k|fKt u/]sf] :d[ltdf o;
xf] t/ lxGb" zAb x6\g' g} clxn]sf]
;fy} of]Uo, u'0fjfg, ;Ifd, ;fdYo{jfg JolQmx?sf] lbg cfg+bf]T;j dgfO{GYof] . ;d|f6 ljqmdflbTon] o;
kl/j]zdf b]z / dfgjtfnfO{ vt/f
klg kl5 k/]sfnfO{ ljz]if Vofnsf] cfwf/df lgod ;+jT;/ sf] z'?jft u/]sf] lyof], To;}n] pgs} gfdn] g}
lgDtofP/ ljZjaf6 lxGb" ;+:s[lt /
sfg"gsf] Joj:yf eO{ Jojxfl/s ?kdf sfof{Gjog o; ;+jtsf] gfds/0f ul/Psf] xf] . o; gjjif{nfO{ ljleGg
;+:sf/ g} lgd{"n eO{ ljZj Oltxf;df g}
x'g' kb{5 . xfd|f] b]zdf o:tf Jojxfl/s sfo{ :yfgxdf cnucnu gfdn] dgfO{G5 . k'/f0fsf] cg';f/
wSsf k'lu /x]sf] 5 . s]xL x6fpg] kg{]
ePsf] b]lvb}g . b]zdf k|d'v 7fpF cfu]6]sf s]xL r}q df;sf] z'Sn kIfsf] k|ltkbfsf lbg a|Xdfn]] ;[li6
s'/fx? h:t} 5'jf5"t, cGw ljZjf;,
hflt, ju{ dfq 5g\ , k|ltkmn b]z lbglbg} kl5 lgdf{0f ug{'ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] o; kfjg ltlynfO{ gj
?9jflbtf, unt k/Dk/f, e]befj cflb
kb{} dft[Tj k|]d klg 36\b} uO{/x]sf] 5 . ljb]zL ;+jT;/ kj{sf] k klg dgfO{G5 . ;+jT;/rqmsf] cg';f/
h'g ls lxGb'Tjsf] sn+ssf] ?kdf /x]sf]
rfn 9fn, l/ltl/jfh c+ufNg' g} uf}/jsf] ;"o{ o; Ct'df cfkm\gf] /flzrqmsf] k|yd /flz d]ifdf
lyof], /x]sf] 5 t/ h'd|fsf] b'Mvn] 6fpsf]
ljifo x'g yfn]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] b]z k|ltsf] efjgf k|j]z ub{5 . o; ;dosf] cGt/fndf hnjfo' / ;f}o{
g} sf6\g' cjZo g} l/df]6 sG6f]naf6
tyf dgf]andf wSsf k'lu/x]sf] 5 . tdfd of]Uo k|efjsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;+ud x'G5 .
rNg] a'l4sf] b]g xf] . h;sf] kl/0ffd
JolQm, ju{, hflt, /fhg}lts clwsf/ af6 jl~rt j;+t Ct'sf] cj;/df gofF jif{sf] cf/De dgfpg'sf]
slxn] klg kmnbfoL x'g] 5}g . gofF
5g\, b'/bzf ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ / dl//x]sf 5g\ ljz]if sf/0f xf] . j;+t Ct" k|s[ltsf] of}jg Pj+ >[+uf/sf]
g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/
klg . o; cj:yfdf JolQm ljsf; lagf, b]z Ct" xf] . jg:kltdf gofF k'ik / kft kNnljt x'G5 .
nfO{ klg 7fpF lbb} cuf8L a9g' kb{5 .
ljsf; sbflk ;Dej 5}g . rf/}lt/ xl/ofnL g} xl/ofnL b]lvG5 . ls;fgn] cfkm\gf]
gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f, xf] xNnf, k|rf/
cfuf]n] tfk lbG5 eg] kfgLn] lztntf, To:t} d]xgtsf] kmn kfpF5g . o;} ;do cGgafnLsf] s6fO{
k|;f/n] x}g, /fli6otf, b]z k|]d, Tofu,
lsl;dn] b] z df zf;g ub{ } cfPsf x'G5 . df};d klg cToGt} ;'vb Pj+ ;+t'lnt /xG5 . g
k|l/>d / rl/q lgdf{0fn] x'G5 . gLltdf
;Qfwf/Lx?n] lbPsf] s'/f xfdL ;d:t g]kfnLx? t cTolws udL{ tyf g t al9 hf8f] /xG5 . u|x /
g}ltstf hf]8\g' k5{ . of] wtL{sf] cGg
ef]lu/x]sf 5f}+ . hlxn] klg xfdLnfO{ hfg' k/]sf] gIfq z'e l:yltdf /xG5 . s'g} klg sfo{sf] k|f/+e ug{sf
kfgLn] ag]sf] /ut xfd|f] gzf gzfdf
x'G5 k|f0fbfgsf] cfGbf]ngdf . g]kfnLx?sf] k"j{ nflu of] z'e d'x"t{ x'G5 .
3"ld /x]sf] 5 ,;dodf of] wtL{nfO{
hGdsf] sdfO{ egf}+ ls clsnsf] sdL, efUo egf}+ To:t} gofF jif{ @)&$ sf] cj;/kf/L lxGb" :j+o;]js ;+3
/utn] l;+rg' klg kb{5 .
g]kfnn] b]zsf cnucnu :yfgxdf ;fF:s[lts /Iff
;fb/ cg'/ f]w bf}8 Pj+ bLk k|Hjng sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
j[Iff/f]k0f u/f}F / cfpg] xfd|f] ;GtltnfO{ arfcf}F ;+3n] sf7df08f} l:yt >L kz'kltgfy dlGb/sf] blIf0f
Ps zf]wsf cg';f/ cfpg] !) aif{df k[YjLsf] tfkdfg $ l8u|L u]6df r}q #! ut] ljxLjf/sf lbg lbpF;f] $ ah] ;fF:s[lts
sfo{qmd tyf ^ ah] bLk k|Hjng sfo{qmd cfof]hgf
a9g] 5 / cg]s k|f0fLsf ;fy} dg'ionfO{ klg w]/} g/fd|f] c;/ kg]{
u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf @)&$ cf]6f bLk k|Hjng
hfgsf/L cfPsf] 5 ;fy} ;d'b| ;tx a9g] x'bfF ;d'b| lsgf/sf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sflGtk'/ Pkm=Pd=sf elQm
zx/x 8'Ag] lglZrt 5 To;}n] xfdL ;a}n] cfcfkm\gf] ufpF 3/df cg'i7fg sfo{qmdsf k|:tf]tf >L hgfw{g l3ld/] , ;+3sf
clgjfo{ j[Iff/f]k0f u/L To;sf] :ofxf/ ;';f/ u/f}F . /fli6o sfo{jfx >L d'/nL lg/f}nf, k|rf/s, :jo+;]jsx
dxfjL/ l3/fO{of
/fli6o ;lrj Pj+ :yflgoaf;Lx ;d]tsf] pT;fxhgs pkl:ylt
hgsNof0f k|lti7fg g]kfn /x]sf] lyof] .
 Psn ;dfrf/ sf7df08f}F, a}zfv, @)&$ Apr.-May, 2017 #
;dfrf/
lj=lx=k=sf] sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f ju{ ;DkGg
sNof0fk'/ P=;=, ljZj lxGb" kl/ifb\ gl5g{', ufO{ sf6]/ vfg', a|fXd0fsf] 6'KkL
g]kfnsf] ltg lbj;Lo sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f ju{ sfl6g', hgtfsf] efjgf ljkl/t lxGb"
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ljZj lxGb" kl/ifb\ g]kfn /fi6 x6fO{g', h:tf tYon] k|i6 kf5{ ls
k"jL{ If]q4f/f cfof]lht ;f] ju{ ;Kt/L dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 hgo'4 geO{ g]kfnsf]
lhNnfsf] sNof0fk'/ l:yt ;fx cltly ;bgdf ;fF:s[lts klxrfg df:g] ljb]zLsf] if8oGq
ut r}q !! b]lv !# ut] ;Dd cfof]hgf lyof] .
ul/Psf] lyof] . ju{ df d] rL, sf] zL, sfo{qmd ;dfkg ;df/f]xsf] cWoIftf
;u/dfyf tyf hgsk' / c+ r nsf ;Kt/L lhNnf cWoIf >L ljho l;+xn]
sfo{ stf{x nfO{ af} l4s tyf zfl/l/s ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;dfkg ;qdf k|d'v
ljifoxsf] k| l zIf0f lbO{ P sf] lyof] . cltly k"HogLo dfg dxGy >L >L !))*
juf{lwsf/L >L /fd lsz'g ;fxn] bLk k|Hjng ; df kg ; q df d f= : g ] x kf n l; + x Ho " , k " = d fg d xGy >L huGgfy bf; hL dxf/fh, df=>L
>L huGgfy bf; Ho"sf ;fy cGo clwsf/L Pj+ sfo{stf{u0f :g]xkfn l;+x Ho", ljlzi6 cltlyu0f dxGy
ul/ sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ug{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm pb\ 3 f6g ;qdf k| d ' v cltly g]kfnnfO{ cfdf dfGg]x? g]kfnnfO{ k'gM lxGb" /fi6 :yfkgf ug{ >L nId0f bf; hL dxf/fh, >L /fd g/]z
lj=lx=k=g]kfn k|ef/L df= >L :g]xkfn l;+x cuf8L cfpg' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . lxGb"/fi6 k'gM :yfkgfsf l;+x Ho", g]kfn hgtf kf6L{sf dxf;lrj
Ho", s]lGb|o ;b:o >L d'/nL dgf]x/ rf}w/L, nflu cfjZos k/] /fhgLltsf] ;xf/f ;d]t lng' kg]{ jxfFn] >L v]dgfy cfrfo{, lj=lx=k=sf /fli6o
atfpg' eof] . ;lrj >L sflzGb| ofba, s]lGb|o ;b:o
>L lj/]G b| a'9fyf]sL, Psn cleofgsf
pkfWoIf >L ljGb"nfn ;fx, :yfgLo JolQmTjx? ju{sf] bf]>f] lbgsf] af}l4s ;qdf af]Nb} /fli6o lxGb" Pstf >L lj/]Gb| a'9fyf]sL tyf lxGb" o"jf kl/
ifb\sf ;+of]hs >L ;Tod d'/f/L ;fx, cGo
nufot lzIffyL{ ;d]t ul/ sl/a !)) d+r g]kfnsf cWoIf >L OGb| k|;fb cf]nLn] g]kfnsf] ;fF:s[lts
clwsf/L Pj+ k|lzIffyL{ sfo{stf{x? ;d]tsf]
hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf klxrfg gi6 ug{ klZrdf d'n'sx nfluk/]sf] / dfcf]jfbL
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . /dfsfGt
cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVb} s]lGb|o ;b:o >L hgo'4 o;sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f /x]sf] tyf clwsf/ k|flKtsf] ofbj, czf]s s0f{, a'l4nfn rf}w/L ;d]t
lj/]Gb| a'9fyf]sLn] elQmnfO{ zlQmdf abNg gfddf ul/Psf] ;f] hgo'4 hgo'4 geO{ klZrdf d'n'sx4f/f ul/ bh{gf}+ JolQmTjxsf] lj=lx=k= gj
;+u7g rflxG5 eGg'eof] . dGtJos} qmddf lgolGqt Ps if8oGq dfq /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . 4Gbsfndf k|j]z kZrft sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ePsf]
k|d'v cltly df= >L :g]xkfn l;+xHo"n] lxGb" dlGb/x? dfq tf]l8g', rr{ tyf rr{4f/f ;Frflnt :s'nx?df lyof] .
/fd gjdL kj{ ===
lxGb" o"jf kl/ifb\4f/f x:tfIf/ cleofg c;To dfly ;Tosf] ljho tyf dof{bf k'?iff]Qd eujfg\ >L/fdsf]
Psn ;dfrf/, hgsk'/ df ;Demgfdf dgfOg] /fdgjdL kj{sf cj;/df eujfg\ /fdrGsf
cjl:yt hfgsL dlGb/nfO{ dlGb/xdf k"hfkf7 ul/G5 .
l6sdu9sL dxf/fgL4f/f o;}aLr /fd gjdLsf] kfjg cj;/ kf/L hgsk'/wfddf lxGb" o"jf
clk{t k|flrg u/uxgf -cfe"if0f_ kl/ifb g]kfn, hgsk'/ sfo{ ;ldlt4f/f zf]ef ofqf lgsflnPsf] lyof] .
lj=;+= @)@) ;fndf tTsflng ;f] qmddf cf]d c+lst em08f ;lxt gu/ kl/qmdf ul/Psf] lyof] .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] u'7L ;+:yfg4f/f afx|lj3f-/+ue"dL d}bfg_ af6 z'? ePsf] ;f] ofqf, hfgsL dlGb/, ldN;
;+/If0f ul/g] elg nu]sf] lyof] . Pl/of, efg'rf}s, lzjrf}s, /fd dlGb/ xF'b} k'gM afx|lj3fdf cfO{ ;dfkg
;f] u/ uxgfsf] a:t' l :ylt ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf ;+of]hs /lj s'df/sf] ;+of]hsTjsf] ;f] zf]ef
;fj{hlgs ul/of]; elg lxGb" o"jf ofqfdf dWofdf~rn If]lqo ;+of]hs cfrfo{ Cife, ljefu ;+u7g dlGq
kl/ifb g]k fnsf] hgsk' / sfo{ lht]Gb| bf;, ljefu k|d'v 8f=d's]z emf, /+lht bf;, ;'wfs/ l;+x,
;ldltn] ut kmfNu'0f #) ut] b]lv >j0f ofbj, k|Xnfb ;fx, ljh]Gb| k6]n cflb nufotsf sfo{stf{xsf]
hfgsL dlGb/ kl/;/df x:tfIf/sf
x:tfIf/ cleofg rnfpb} cfPsf] nflu /flvPsf] :6fn . laif]z pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ub}{ kl/ifbsf /fli6o
5 . ;f] cleofg hfgsL dlGb/s} p=d=g=kf=sf] ;+of]hs >L k|Xnfb s'df/ ;+of]hs >L ;Tod d'/f/Ln] >L /fd gjdL pT;jsf] wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts
k| f 0fdf :6n /flv ;+ r fng ,hgsk'/ j8f g+= !) sf ;+of]hs tyf P]ltxfl;s dxTjdfly k|sfz kfb}{ eGg'eof] ls eujfg\ >L /fdsf]
ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . lx=o" = k=sf] >L ;f]g' /fo, j8f g+=$ sf ;+of]hs sfo{ ug{' g} >L /fdsf] c;nL k"hf xf] tyf h;/L >L /fdn] wd{sf] /Iff
hgsk'/ ljefu k|d'v 8f=d's]z emf >L rGb|efg' tyf cGo sfo{stf{xsf] ug{'eof] To;/L g} xfdLn] klg wd{sf] /Iff ug{' k5{ . ;fy} jxfFn] lxGb"Tjdfly
sf] ;+of]hsTjdf rNb} cfPsf] ;f] ljz]if pkl:ylt /xb} cfPsf] 5 ;fy} ljrf/ k|:t't ub}{ d]rL b]lv dxfsfnL ;Ddsf] g]kfnLsf] Pstf /
cleofgdf kl/ifbsf wg'iff lhNNff b; xhf/ x:tfIf/ kZrft k|d'v lhNnf cv08tfsf] k|ltlglwTj lxGb"Tjn] u/]sf] ;fy} g]kfn /fi6sf] d"n cfwf/
k|d'v >L /fd' ;fx, ;+of]hs >L clwsf/L dfkm{t g]k fn ;/sf/nfO{ klg lxGb"Tj g} /x]sf]n] lxGb"Tj /Iff ;a} g]kfnLsf] k/d\ st{Jo ePsf]
/lj s' d f/, ;x;+ o f] h s a'emfO{g] kl/ifbsf lhNnf k|rf/ k|d'v atfpg' eof] . . To:t} hgsk'/ l:yt /fd hfgsL dlGb/df klg laz]if
>L /+lht bf;, ljb\ofyL{ k|d'v >L ?k]z ofbjn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' d]nf nfUg] ub{5 . d]nfdf g]kfn tyf ef/tsf eQmfn'xsf] 3'OFrf]
>L ;'wfs/l;+x To;}ul/ hgsk'/ eof] . nfUg] ub{5 .
 Psn ;dfrf/ sf7df08f}F, a}zfv @)&$ Apr.-May, 2017 $
hLjg z}n L
ljb\ofno bz{g sfo{qmd ;DkGg ;+lIfKt ;dfrf/
;]jf kfq of]hgf lj:tf/
P=;=r}q @&, gu/ dlxnf ;ldlt hgsNof0f k|lti7fgsf] gu/ dlxnf ;ldlt4f/f
sf7df08f}4f/f ljb\ofno bz{g sfo{qmd ;Frflnt ;]jf kfq of]hgf lj:tf/ x'g] ePsf] 5 . ut
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfe|] lhNnfsf] r}q dlxgfdf x]6f}F8fdf klg !% cf]6f gofF ;]jf kfq
sf;sf]6] ;+r cGtu{tsf] eujtL Psn ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . xfn sf7df08f}, lj/u+h, hgsk'/,
ljb\ofnodf bz{g sfo{qmd ;DkGg lj/f6gu/, e}/xjf nufotsf zx/x ;d]t ul/ !%))
ePsf] 5 . Psn ljb\ofno lhNnf cf]6f ;]jf kfq /x]sf] / ;]jf kfq of]hgfnfO{ d'n'ssf
;ldlt ;lrj >L df]xg v/]nsf] k|To]s gu/xdf lj:tf/ ub}{ hfg]] gu/ dlxnf ;ldlt
cWoIftfsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf gu/ dlxnf sf7df08f}sf ;+u7g dlGq >LdtL ;'lgtf cu|jfnn]
;ldlt sf7df08f}sf tkm{af6 jg ofqf hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
k|d'v >LdtL ;'wf wgfjt, pkfWoIf
>LdtL ;'nf]rgf kf]4f/, ;lrj >LdtL b]zJofkL cfrfo{ cEof; ju{ ;DkGg
;'lgtf cu|jfn, ;b:ox >LdtL l;df ljb\ofno bz{g sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfpFb} gu/ hgsNof0f k|lti7fg g]kfn4f/f ;Frflnt Psn
cu|jfn, >LdtL v'Za' cu|jfn, s';'d dlxnf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L, k"0f{sflns sfo{stf{ ljb\ ofnosf cfrfo{x df sfo{ s' zntf a9fpg]
rf]vfgL, l/t' kGt, ;''lgtf cu|jfn tyf Pj+ u|fd ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx p2]Zon] k|lti7fgn] cfly{s jif{ @)&#)&$ df
Psn ljb\ofno cleofg k|d'v >L lj/]Gb| of]hgfn] ufpFsf clzlIft afnaflnsfxdf s'n $^ cf]6f cfrfo{ cEof; ju{ ;DkGg ug]{ nIo
a'9fyf]sL, /fli6o k|lzIf0f 6f]nL;b:o ;'>L lzIffsf] lbof] hnfpg] sfo{ ul//x]sf] /fv]sf] 5 . xfn @% cf]6f ju{ ;DkGg eO{;s]sf]
l/t'nfdf, c~rn k|dv ' ;'>L ladnf yklnof, atfpg'eof] . dgtJo s} qmddf lhNnf / afFsL /x]sf] ju{ cfufdL h]i7 d;fGt ;Dd ;DkGg
c~rn d"Nof+sg k|d'v ;'>L l;h{gf kf08], ;lrj >L df]xg v/]nn] Psn ljb\ofno eO{;Sg] k|lti7fgsf /fli6o d"Nof+sg k|d'v >L
lhNnf k|d'v >LdtL l/tf v/]n nufot ;f] cleofgn] ;/sf/n] lbg] lzIffdf /x]sf] c/ljGb ;fxn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . Psn
ljb\ofnodf cWoog/t ljb\ofyL{, cleefjs g}lts lzIffsf] cefjnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ul// ljb\o fno cleofg g] k fn cGtu{t xfn !(!*
Pj+ :yfgLox ;d]tsf] pkl:ylt /x] sf] x]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng ;'>L ljb\ofno, %##!% ljb\ofyL{ tyf @*$ hgf k"0f{sflns
lyof] . ladnf yklnofn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . k"0f{tf sfo{stf{x /x]sf] tyf cfufdL lbgxdf cem
sfo{qmddf dgtJo /fVb} >L la/]Gb| a'9fyf]sLn] dGq kZrft sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ePsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ nIo /x]sf] ;xcleofg k|d'v >L
gu/ dlxnf ;ldlt4f/f ;+rflnt dfF ozf]bf lyof] . cd/]Gb| 7fs'/n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;]jfkfq of]hgf ;'rgf ;'rgf ;'rgf
g/ ;]jf g} gf/fo0f ;]jf xf] eGg] efjn] s[lqd c+u k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|
cg'/ f]w hok'/ -ef/t_sf] ;xsfo{df hgsNof0f k|lti7fg 4f/f lgMz'Ns s[lqd
c+u -xft, v'f _ k|Tof/f]k0f ug]{ ePsf]n] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ cfgf] gfd,
cfb/0fLo bfh'e fO{ tyf lbbL alxgLx? M 7]ufgf, cleefjssf] gfd, ;Dks{ gDa/ sf] ;fy} k"0f{ sbsf] kmf]6f] ;lxt
xfdL ;a}sf] nflu of] Ps ;'j0f{ cj;/ xf] ls tkfO{ xfd|f] ;fgf] lgDg cg';f/sf] ;DalGwt c~rn k|d'vnfO{ ;Dks{ /fVg cg'/f]w
;xof]u tyf k|of;af6 xfd|f] /fi6sf b'u{d tyf u|fld0f If]qdf ul/G5 .
d]rL c~rnsf] nflu >L sf]z/fh nD;fn -(*)!*!(#@(_
pk]lIft, clzlIft c;xfo afnaflnsfnfO{ lzlIft agfpg] tkfO{ sf]zL c~rnsf] nflu >L b"uf{ axfb'/ yfkf -(*)!*!(##%_
xfd|f] st{Jo / wd{ xf] . of] /fi6 ;]jfsf] nflu elQmefjsf] sfo{ ;u/dfyf c~rnsf] nflu >LdtL xl/x/ rf}w/L -(*)!*!(#$^_
xf] To;}n] ;]jf g} wd{ xf] eGg] efjn] xfdL ;a} Psn ljBfno hgsk'/ c~rnsf] nflu >L /fdhgd /fo ofbj -(*)!*!(#%@_
cleofg ?kL kfjg o1df ;xefuL agf}F . xfd|f] 3/x?df x'g] gf/fo0fL c~rnsf] nflu >L s[i0f k|;fb yf? -(*)!*!(#^)_
ljleGg wfld{s sfo{, hGdf]T;j, lkt[x?sf] ;Demgf OTofbLdf afudtL c~rnsf] nflu ;'>L ladnf yklnof -(*)!*!(#&)_
ul/g] k'0o sfo{qmdx?df o; Psn ljBfno cleofgsf] nflu u08sL c~rnsf] nflu >L afa'/fd 9sfn -(*)!*!(#&&_
bfg lbO{ ;xefuL agf}F tyf b}lgs % ?k}of jf cfkm\gf] :j]R5f n'lDagL c~rnsf] nflu >L slkn]Zj/ lqkf7L -(*)!*!(#*@_
cg' ; f/ ;] j fkfqdf bfg u/] / ;xefuL x' g cg' / f] w /fKtL c~rnsf] nflu >L 6]s axfb'/ bjf8L -(*)!*!(#(#_
ub{5f}F . oxfFx?sf] ;fgf] k|of;n] To; If]qsf afnaflnsfsf] e]/L c~rnsf] nflu >L gfu]Gb| rf}w/L -(*)!*!(#(&_
eljio aGg] 5 . ;]tL c~rnsf] nflu >L slj/fd 8fFuL -(*)!*!($)$_
dxfsfnL c~rnsf] nflu If]dfgGb /fgf -(*)!*!($!)_
k|sfzs M hgsNof0f k|lti7fg g]kfn ;Dkfbs M /fhf/fd bf;
k|wfg ;Dkfbs M /]vf l3/fO{of
lgb]{zs d08n M d's'Gb sflnsf]6], dxflj/ l3/}of, ;'lgn cu|jfn, ljgf]b kf]4f/
sfof{no M a;'Gwf/f, sf7df08f}, kmf]g M $#&@@(#, O{d]n M [email protected]