Ed Research Process

Educational research process
Conducting educational research involves the exploration, description, explanation, or prediction of

educational phenomenon using systematic data collection and analysis procedures.
All educational research studies should follow a planning, data gathering, and analysis and reporting
process consisting of the following steps:
Planning
STEP 1 Identify the The literature review will help you gain an understanding of the
problem or topic current state of knowledge pertaining to your research idea. It will
inform you if the research problem or topic has already been
explored (and if a revision or replication is needed), how to design
your study, what data collection methods to use, and help make
sense of the findings of your study once data analysis is complete.
STEP 2 Review prior The literature review will help you gain an understanding of the
research current state of knowledge pertaining to your research idea. It will
inform you if the research problem or topic has already been
explored (and if a revision or replication is needed), how to design
your study, what data collection methods to use, and help make
sense of the findings of your study once data analysis is complete.
STEP 3 Determine the Identifying a clear purpose helps determine how the research should
purpose, research be conducted, what research design you will use, and theresearch
questions, or question(s) orhypothesis(es) of your study. Four general
hypotheses purposes for conducting educational research are to explore,
describe, predict, or explain.
STEP 4 Consider research Implications are the practical ways your research will affect the field
implications of education. These are the underlying goals, the rationales for, or
the importance of your study. Implications are linked to your
research problem or topic, research purpose, andresearch
question(s) orhypothesis(es) .
STEP 5 Construct a The research proposal is a detailed description of how the study will
research proposal be conducted that includes the title and researchers of the study,
statement of the research problem and research purpose, review of
relevant literature, research question(s) or hypothesis(es), what
information or variables are to be gathered, the participants of the
study and potential benefits or risks, the design and procedure for
gathering data, what data collection method(s) will be used, and
how the data will be analyzed.
Example proposal
Gathering Data
STEP 6 Gather data Data gathering focuses on information acquisition that will attempt
to answer your research questions or support your hypotheses.
Data gathering includes consideration about what variables to

investigate, the unit of analysis or participants of the study
(population and sample),human subject protections, procedures
used for selecting participants, the methods and procedures used for
data collection, and any reliability or validity of collection
methods.[more]
Reporting Results
STEP 7 Analyze data Data or statistical analysis will depend on whether you
collectedquantitative data ,qualitative data , or both.
For quantitative data, there are a variety of statistical analysis tools

you can use to identify statistical relationships between variables.
For qualitative data, data analysis generally involves holistically
identifying patterns, categories, and themes.[more]
STEP 8 Determine findings Determine the findings from your data analyses. For quantitative
data, you want to determine statistical information and general
findings. For qualitative data, you are primary more interested in
detailed and specific findings. If you are using amixed approach,
which we strongly recommend, make sure totriangulate your
findings or describe how the findings supplement each other and
help explain a more complete picture.
STEP 9 Report conclusions, Conclusions are statements that interpret and evaluate the results
implications, and found from the study. Make sure to give primary emphasis to the
limitations results that relate to the hypotheses or research questions of your
study.
Factors to consider when reporting conclusions, or

datadissemination , include tailoring report content for the
audience, explaining the purpose of the study, integrating your
findings with the results from prior research, and how the findings
relate to your research questions and hypotheses.
Make sure to discuss what practical or theoretical implications can

be drawn for your study, any major shortcomings or limitations of
your research, and directions or suggestions for future research.
Adapted from the following sources:

Creswell, J. W. (2004). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and
qualitative research, 2nd ed. Columbus, OH: Prentice Hall
Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. B. (2004). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed
approaches, 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

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Educational research process

Conducting educational research involves the exploration, description, explanation, or prediction of

Data gathering includes consideration about what variables to

For quantitative data, there are a variety of statistical analysis tools

Factors to consider when reporting conclusions, or

Make sure to discuss what practical or theoretical implications can

Adapted from the following sources:

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