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    Two Sides of Effective Oral Communication

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    Sharath Kumar
    Effective oral communication requires both strong listening and presentation skills. Listening is an active process that involves paying attention, comprehending, and remembering what is said. However, listening can be challenging due various barriers including perceptual biases, characteristics of the speaker, limitations of the listener, and environmental distractions. Developing concentration, empathy, note-taking, and asking clarifying questions can help improve listening ability.

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    Two Sides of Effective Oral Communication

    Uploaded by

    Sharath Kumar
    5K views17 pages
    Effective oral communication requires both strong listening and presentation skills. Listening is an active process that involves paying attention, comprehending, and remembering what is said. However, listening can be challenging due various barriers including perceptual biases, characteristics of the speaker, limitations of the listener, and environmental distractions. Developing concentration, empathy, note-taking, and asking clarifying questions can help improve listening ability.

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    Effective oral communication requires both strong listening and presentation skills. Listening is an active process that involves paying attention, comprehending, and remembering what is said. However, listening can be challenging due various barriers including perceptual biases, characteristics of the speaker, limitations of the listener, and environmental distractions. Developing concentration, empathy, note-taking, and asking clarifying questions can help improve listening ability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5K views17 pages

    Two Sides of Effective Oral Communication

    Uploaded by

    Sharath Kumar
    Effective oral communication requires both strong listening and presentation skills. Listening is an active process that involves paying attention, comprehending, and remembering what is said. However, listening can be challenging due various barriers including perceptual biases, characteristics of the speaker, limitations of the listener, and environmental distractions. Developing concentration, empathy, note-taking, and asking clarifying questions can help improve listening ability.

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    of 17

    Two Sides of Effective Oral Communication

    1. Listening

    2. Presenting
    Listening
    • Listening is to give one's attention to sound.
    • Listening involves complex affective, cognitive, and
    behavioral processes.
    • Affective processes include the motivation to attend
    to others.
    • Cognitive processes include attending to,
    understanding, receiving, and interpreting content and
    relational messages
    • and behavioral processes include responding with
    verbal and nonverbal feedback
    What is listening?

    • Paying attention towards a sound, assigning meaning


    to it and restoring whatever is being heard and
    recalling the same whenever required.
    Characteristics of Listening

    • Listening involves
     Hearing
     Understanding
     Retaining
     Recalling
    • It is different from hearing. Hearing is physical
    activity (sensation) and listening is mental activity
    (cognition).
    • Listening is a two-way process.
    • It is a skill that can be learnt
    • To be a good speaker one has to be a good listener.
    Stages in Listening

    • Selection of stimulus
    • Reception: The complicated hearing mechanism picks
    up the chosen sound waves and transfers them to the
    brain (hearing).
    • Understanding
    • Retaining
    • Recalling
    Factors Affecting Listening

    1. Personality traits
    2. Verbal competence
    3. Note taking
    4. Intelligence
    5. Interest and motivation
    6. Hearing ability
    7. Noise and barriers
    Barriers to Effective Listening
    Perceptual Barriers

    1. Frame of reference: Although the sender may


    want to convey a particular meaning, it is
    listeners frame of reference which
    determines the actual meaning assigned to
    the message.

    2. Experience and expectations: People


    perceive stimuli according to their experience
    and expectations.
    3. Relationship with speaker: subordinate will pay
    attention to powerful and credible supervisor and
    ignore comments of a supervisor with low credibility.

    4. Selective perception: people selectively pay attention


    to stimuli. Anything beyond their belief is ignored.

    5. Halo Effect
    6. Stereo type
    7. Projection
    Speaker Related Barriers

    1. Speaking either too fast or too slow.


    2. Too loud to hear
    3. Voice is not audible
    4. Speaker not using proper punctuations and pause.
    5. Speaker is too active or inactive
    6. Language not understood by audience.
    Listener related barriers
    • Uninterested listeners

    • Know-all-type attitude

    • Rejecting person

    • Mental state of listener

    • Criticizing physical appearance

    • Physiological limitations:

     Most individuals have ability to speak about 120 words per minute.

     While our brain have the ability to recognize words at the rate of 600 words
    per minute.

     This gap creates a great deal of idle time.


    Environment Related Barriers
    • Extreme hot and cold conditions
    • Noise outside
    • Poor light and ventilation
    • Uncomfortable seats
    • Odd timings
    Principles of effective Listening

    1. Look for areas of interest


    2. Overlook errors of delivery
    3. Postpone judgment
    4. Listen for ideas
    5. Takes notes
    6. Be actively responsive
    7. Concentration
    8. Listen both implicit and explicit message
    9. Assist and encourage speaker
    Good Listeners VS Poor Listeners
    Good Listener Poor Listener
    1 Do not interrupt Over-talkative
    2 Remain patient Inattentive
    3 Make eye contact No-eye-contact
    4 Show interest Yes but approach
    5 Look attentive Very critical
    6 Ask open questions Poor concentration
    7 Concentrate Interrupt
    Types of Listening

    1. Attentive Listening: paying attention on the message

    2. Pretending Listening: Pretending through body


    language that message is understood

    3. Selective Listening: selecting desired part of the


    message and ignoring undesired part.

    4. Empathic Listening: trying to understand the person


    emotionally
    Developing Listening Skills

    1. Concentration
    2. Mental Alertness
    3. Empathy
    4. Comprehension: What is the main idea, hw they are
    arranged, what are the minor points
    5. Appreciation
     Physical and mental relaxation
     Receptive attitude
     Empathy
    6. Note taking
    Tips for effective listening

    1. Establish rapport with speaker


    2. Make eye contact
    3. Positive facial expressions
    4. Upright posture
    5. Remove distractions
    6. Be patient
    7. Avoid arguments and criticism
    8. Ask questions
    9. Don’t over talk
    10. Restate what the speaker has said

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