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NAME JAVERIA MARIAM
ROLL #08
SUBJECT ENGLISH
SUBMITTED TO PROF- SABIR ALI ROY
● Research Process
What are steps taken in research process?
1. Identifying the Research Problem: This initial step involves selecting a topic or
issue to investigate. It may arise from personal interest, practical concerns, or
gaps in existing knowledge. Refining the research problem involves considering
its scope, relevance, and feasibility.
2. Reviewing Existing Literature: Conduct a comprehensive review of relevant

literature, including academic journals, books, conference proceedings, and other
sources. This step helps you understand the current state of knowledge in your
chosen area, identify key concepts and theories, and pinpoint gaps or areas for
further exploration.
3. Formulating Research Questions or Objectives: Based on your review of the

literature, develop clear and focused research questions or objectives. These
should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
They guide the rest of the research process and help you stay on track.
4. Choosing a Research Design: Select an appropriate research design that aligns

with your research questions and objectives. Common research designs include
experimental, correlational, descriptive, qualitative, and mixed-methods
approaches. Consider factors such as the nature of your research questions, the
availability of resources, and ethical considerations.
5. Selecting Participants or Samples: If your research involves human participants

or subjects, determine your sampling strategy. This includes defining your target
population, selecting a sampling method (e.g., random sampling, purposive
sampling), and recruiting participants. Ensure that your sample is representative
of the population you intend to study.
6. Collecting Data: Implement your chosen data collection methods, which may
include surveys, experiments, interviews, observations, document analysis, or
archival research. Follow established protocols and procedures to gather
high-quality data. Be mindful of ethical considerations, such as obtaining
informed consent and protecting participant confidentiality.
7. Analyzing Data: Once you have collected your data, analyze it using appropriate
statistical or qualitative techniques. This step involves organizing, synthesizing,
and interpreting your data to identify patterns, trends, relationships, or themes.
Choose analytical methods that are well-suited to your research questions and
the type of data you have collected.
8. Interpreting Findings: Interpret the results of your data analysis in light of your
research questions and objectives. Consider the implications of your findings,
any limitations or biases in your data, and alternative explanations. Compare your
results to existing literature and theories, discussing how they contribute to or
challenge current knowledge in the field.
9. Drawing Conclusions: Based on your interpretation of the findings, draw

conclusions that address your research questions or objectives. Summarize the
main findings, highlight key insights or contributions, and discuss their
significance. Be transparent about any uncertainties or areas for further
investigation.
10.Communicating Results: Share your research findings with relevant stakeholders,

such as academic peers, policymakers, or practitioners. This may involve writing
a research paper, preparing a conference presentation, creating visualizations or
infographics, or engaging in public outreach. Clearly communicate your methods,
results, and conclusions in a format that is accessible and understandable to
your intended audience.
11.Reflecting and Evaluating: Reflect on the research process, considering what

went well, what challenges you encountered, and what lessons you learned.
Evaluate the strengths and limitations of your research design, data collection
methods, and analytical approaches. Use this reflection to inform future research
endeavors and contribute to continuous improvement.
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NAME JAVERIA MARIAM

What are steps taken in research process?

2. Reviewing Existing Literature: Conduct a comprehensive review of relevant

3. Formulating Research Questions or Objectives: Based on your review of the

4. Choosing a Research Design: Select an appropriate research design that aligns

5. Selecting Participants or Samples: If your research involves human participants

9. Drawing Conclusions: Based on your interpretation of the findings, draw

10.Communicating Results: Share your research findings with relevant stakeholders,

11.Reflecting and Evaluating: Reflect on the research process, considering what

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