ED202 - Activity Sheet 1

SCIED 202: Research in Teaching Science
Activity Sheet 1
1. Identify the 6 major steps in the research process. Explain each.

- Referring to what I have read and learned from the references, the six major steps in the
research process include the following:
1) Identifying a Research Problem
- Research problems are the educational issues, controversies, or concerns that guide the
need for conducting a study. When you are to identify a specific research problem, it is
significant to take into consideration some factors such as : (1) It must aid future studies;
(2) With the information gathered, the researcher must properly comprehend the problem;
(3) It must be in the researcher's best interests and accommodate his or her time,
expertise, abilities, and resources, and (4) The approach to issue solutions must be ethical.
2) Reviewing the Literature
- A literature review is a written summary of journal articles, books, and other documents that
explains the historical and current level of knowledge on your research issue. It also
categorizes the literature and shows the need for the planned investigation. Educators base
this review on the most rigorous kind of research mostly on research published in journals.
A literature review's goal is to gather relevant, current research on your selected topic and
synthesize it into a cohesive overview of existing knowledge in the field. This then equips
you to provide your own position on the subject or undertake your own unique study.
3) Specifying a Purpose and Research Questions or Hypotheses
- The purpose statement is a claim that promotes the study's overarching direction or
emphasis. It is featured in the "statement of the problem" part of both quantitative and
qualitative research. It usually starts with "The purpose of this study is." They are significant
because they not only assist guide the construction of the protocol and research design,
but they also play a role in sample size estimates and evaluating the study's power.
4) Collecting Quantitative and Qualitative Data
- There is a distinction between qualitative and quantitative data in terms of definition
and purpose. Quantitative data is defined as numbers-based, countable, or quantifiable,
whereas qualitative data is interpretation-based, descriptive, and language-related. In
terms of purpose, quantitative data informs us how many, how much, or how frequently
we should do computations. Qualitative data, on the other hand, can assist us
understand why, how, or what transpired behind specific acts. Measuring and counting
are used to collect quantitative data. Interviews and observations are used to acquire
qualitative data. Quantitative data is evaluated statistically, whereas qualitative data is
studied by categorizing it into relevant categories or themes. Simply defined,
quantitative data provides the figures to establish the broad basic points of your study,
whereas qualitative data provides the subtleties and depth to appreciate their full
consequences. To acquire the greatest results from these strategies in your surveys,
you must first grasp their distinctions.
5) Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative and Qualitative Data
- While quantitative data may be statistically examined and converted into averages, means,
and other numerical data points, qualitative data analysis requires a more complicated
approach, such as interviewing and watching. To gain insights from qualitative data,
researchers manually analyze datasets and frequently categorize replies. The importance
of data analysis, in general, is that it simplifies and improves data analysis. Furthermore,
the goal of data analysis in research is to offer accurate and trustworthy data. Avoid
statistical mistakes as much as feasible, and discover a means to cope with common
obstacles such as outliers, missing data, data manipulating, data mining, or producing
graphical representations.
6) Reporting and Evaluating Research
- The final phase of a research operation is to report findings. The purpose of reporting is to
communicate the study findings to the audience. It is influenced by the research's goal as
well as the key audience and stakeholders. A researcher frequently considers the following
criteria when publishing research results, both in quantitative and qualitative research
approaches: study aims; kind of report; ethics-plagiarism, audience values, etc; and the
audience and stakeholder
2. Why is each step important in the research process? Provide at least 3 reasons for each
step.
Identifying a Research Problem
a) A research problem assists you in determining the method to adopt for the research
activity.
b) It assists in identifying each stage required to conduct your study - the sampling
strategy, research design, research analysis, and research instruments to be employed.
c) It is the center of a study, driving research questions and providing a framework for
comprehending the findings.
Reviewing the Literature
a) It assists in gathering relevant, timely information on your selected topic and synthesizing it
into a coherent overview of current knowledge in the field.
b) It aids in the identification of inconsistencies such as gaps in research, disagreements in
earlier studies, and unresolved issues left by past study.
c) It trains researchers to present their own arguments on the subject or to undertake their own
unique study.
Specifying a Purpose and Research Questions or Hypotheses
a) Hypotheses are used to enhance scientific inquiry and advance knowledge.

b) It also assists you in breaking down your project into more doable tasks that must be
performed.
c) A research topic and hypothesis define exactly what you wish to discover in your investigation.
Collecting Quantitative and Qualitative Data
a) Data enables firms to assess the efficacy of a specific plan.

b) Data collection will enable you to establish how well your solution is doing and whether your
method needs to be altered or changed in the long run.
c) To make educated business decisions, assure quality assurance, and maintain research
integrity, accurate data collecting is required.
Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative and Qualitative Data
a) It informs readers about what the researcher gathered from the complete set of data.
b) It aids in comprehending the personal interpretation of the same.
c) Providing insight and interpretation in the form of data analysis eliminates the possibility of
human bias.
Reporting and Evaluating Research
a) It is simple to determine the overall conclusion of your research using research reports.
b) It is a methodical investigation of any holes that must be filled.
c) A report might emphasize the key results, recommendations, and flaws in your research.
References:
Balakumar, P., Inamdar, M. N., & Jagadeesh, G. (2013). The critical steps for successful research:
The research proposal and scientific writing: (A report on the pre-conference workshop held in
conjunction with the 64th annual conference of the Indian Pharmaceutical Congress-
2012). Journal of pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics, 4(2), 130.
Booth, W. C.; Colomb, G. G. ; and Williams, J.M. (2008). The Craft of Research / Wayne C. Booth,
Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams. — 3rd ed. Chicago, Illinois. The University of
Chicago Press.
Salazar, L. F. ; Crosby, R. A. and DiClemente, R. J. (2015). Research methods in health promotion
(2nd ed.). San Francisco, California. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

ED202 - Activity Sheet 1

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SCIED 202: Research in Teaching Science

1. Identify the 6 major steps in the research process. Explain each.

Identifying a Research Problem

Specifying a Purpose and Research Questions or Hypotheses

a) Hypotheses are used to enhance scientific inquiry and advance knowledge.

Collecting Quantitative and Qualitative Data

a) Data enables firms to assess the efficacy of a specific plan.

Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative and Qualitative Data

Reporting and Evaluating Research

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