ANGLEINA izpiski

SLOVNICA

1.ASI

SIMPLE TENSES-govorec glag. dejanje dojema in kae kot sedanje/preteklo/prihodnje
AS TRDILNA VPRALNA/NIKALNA
Present
Simple(always,usually,regularly,often,
sometimes,every
day,rarely,seldom,never)
Nedolonik (e je He/She/it
konnica s)
?- do/does + os + nedolonik
N- do/does not + nedolonik
Past Simple (yesterday,last week,two
days ago,in 1988,when I was...)
Pretekla oblika glagola
(pravilni konnica ed)
?-did + os + nedolonik N-did
not+nedolonik
Future Simple (next
week,tomorrow,in a minute,in
twodays)
Will + nedolonik ?-will os+nedolonik N- will
not+nedolonol

PERFECT TENSES-izraajo, da je dejanje bilo ali bo konano pred nekim drugim dejanjem ali pred
doloeno toko
AS TRDILNA VPRALNA/NIKALNA
Present Perfect (just,yet(?,N),
already (+),
always,recently,lately,ever,never,since
,for,
Have/has + 3 oblika glagola
(ali konnica ed)
?- Have/Has+os+glag N-
Have/has not+galgol
Past Perfect
(when,after,before,until,as soon as, by
10 o clock)
Had + 3 oblika glagola (ali
konnica ed)
?- Had+os+glag. N-Had not +
glagol
Future Prefect (by 8 tomorrow, by
July )
Will have + 3 oblika glagola
(ali konnica ed)
?-Will+os+have+glagol
N-os+will have not+ glag

CONTINUOUS TENSES-izraajao potekajoe dejanje
AS TRDILNA VPRALNA/NIKALNA
Present Continuous (right
now,at te moment, at
present,currently,this week, this
month)
Am/is/are + glag.-ing ?-Am/is/are + os + glag-ing
N- Os-am/is/are not glag-ing
Past Continuous (isto kot past
simple)
Was/were + glag-ing ?-was/were+os+glag-ing
N- Os+was/were not+glag-ing
Future Continuous (tihs time
next year, tomorrow at 8)
Will be + glag-ing ?- Will + os +be+ glag-ing
N-Os+ will notbe+ glag-ing

PERFECT CONTINUOUS-dejanja, ki trajajo,se dogajajo pred doloeno toko ali obdobjem v
sedanjosti, pretelkosti ali prihodnosti
AS TRDILNA VPRALNA/NIKALNA
Present Perfect
Continuous(veina istih kot pri
present prefect)
Have/has been + glag-ing ?- Have/has + os+been + glag
ing
N-Os+have/has not been + glag-
ing
Past Perfect Continuous (isto
kot past perfect simple)
Had been + glag-ing ?-Had + os+ been+ glag-ing
N- Os+ had not been + galg-ing
Future Perfect Continuous
(isto kot future perfect simple)
Will have been + glag-ing ?-will + os+ have been + glag-
ing
N-Os+will not have been + galg
-ing


2. WORD FORMATION

a) PREDPONSKA OBRAZILA

DIS-:dishonest,dislike,disinterested
UN-:uncomfortable,unlimited,unusual
IN-:insesitive,inadequate,infinite
IM- (+b/m/p):imbalance,immoral,impersonal
IL-(+l): illegal, illegitimate
IR-(+r):irresponsible, irresistable, irrelevant
NON- non-violence, non-restrictive, non-convertibile

b) PRIPONSKA OBRAZILA
- za tvorbo glagolov
-en: lengthen, ripen, thicken, widen
-fy: terrify, identify, purify
-ize/ise:symbolize, apologize
-ate: captivate,facilitate, eliminate, accommodate
- za tvorbo samostalnikov
-ist: pianist,Marxist,journalist
-an, -ian: Republican, Slovenian
-ician: obstertrician, politician
-or,-er: sponsor,employer,examiner
-ee: employee, examinee
-ant, -ent: assistant, student
-ar: liar, beggar
-ess: goddess,waitress,actress
- za tvorbo obnih imen
-ness: happiness,readiness,sadness,weakness
-ship: friendship, membership,partnership
-dom: stardom,freedom, boredom,wisdom
-(t)ion-perfection,complication, pollution
-(i)ty: identity, felxibility, scarcity, productivity
-y; injury
-cy, -ency, -ancy tendency, emregency, accuracy
-ence,-ance violence, allowance
-tude: multitude, solitude
-ism: marxism, journalism
-ment: appointment, agreemenmt
-age: usage, shortage
-hood: childhood,motherhood
-al: refusal, arrival
-th: thruth, length,breadth,height
-let: booklet,piglet,braceler
- za tvorbo pridevnika
-ive: passive,competitive
-al: brutal, legal
-ous: delicious, furiou, spacious
-ful: forgetful,hopeful,useful
-less: useless,harmless, hopeless
-ish: snobbish, bookish, reddish
-like: catlike, businesslike
-ly: cowardly, elderly, hourly
-y touchym glassy, witty
-ant,-ent: permanent, militant, frequent
-able,-ible,-uble: suitable, ediable,soluble




3. WORD FORMATION

CONSCIOUS-unconscious,consciousness HELP-helpful,unhelpful-ness,helpless-ness KIND-unkind,
kindness,unkindness LITERATE-illiterate,literacy,illiteracy LOYAL-disloyal,loyalty,disloyalty
MATURE-immature,maturaty,immaturaty MESSURE-mssurement,measurable,immessurable
POLITE-impolite,politness,impoliteness POPULAR-unpopular,popularity,unpopular/ity
RELEVANT-irrelevant RELY-reliable,unreliable,reliability RESPECT-disrespect/ful,respectfull
SENSE-sensitive, sensible,insensitive,sensitivity,senseless/ness SUCCESS-un/successful
THOUGHT-thoughtful, thoughtless,thoughtness UNDERSTAND misunderstand,understandable
USE-dsiuse,misuse,unused,disused,misused,useful,useless HAPPY-un/happiness

4. TEVNI IN NETEVNI SAMOSTALNIKI

C(): pairs of jeans, times on a phone,journeymqualification,beggar,trafic,apple,jod
U(N):homework,poverty,gold,fruit,unemployment
C/U :coffe,sugar,travel,work,glass,time,experience,bussines

5. EXPRESSING QUANTITY

TEVNI NETEVNI OBOJI tevni v
EDNINI
tevni v
MNOINI
(not) many, a few, very
few, fewer,
several,hardly any
(not) much, a little,
very little, less time,
no..,some,
Some, (not) any,
more/most, all/no,
enough, a lot of, lots of
Each,
every
both

a)Veina quantifiers je lahko uporabljena brez samostalnika (Not much/a little/enough,a
few/not many,any,few,some,both),razen:no,all,every,each

b)Veina jih je uporabljena z of+the/my/those,..+samostalnik (all of my,a few of these,some of
the,any of ,few of,much of, many of my, both of,several of,most of,enough of) razn every.

c)Namesto no in every none (!!!!za none sledi ednindka oblika glagola: None of the guests has
left the house), every one,all

6.SOME, ANY, SOMEBODY, ANYTHING

Some (+izpeljanke:npr somebody) v trdilnih stavkih,pronjah,vabilih in ko priakujemo odg. da.
Any (+izpeljanke:npr. anything) v negativnih in vpraalnih stavkih; v pritrdilnih stavkih, ki imajo
negativen pomen(pomone besede:never,hardly,without); uporabljamo ga tudi, ko izraamo da
nekaj/nekdo/nekje ni pomembno (Take any book you like)

7. NOBODY, NO ONE, NOWHERE, NOTHING

Navadno jih uporabljamo na zaetku stavka (No one was saved).

8. MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF, LOTS OF, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LARGE
NUMBER OF, PLENTY OF

Much in many sta navadno v negativnih in vpraalnih stavkih, najdemo ju tudi v pritrdilnih stavkih
za So, As in too.
C: many,a large number of
U: a great deal of, much
C/U: plenty of,lots of,a lot of
e ni samostalnika nastopijo besede:losts, alot, plenty.
9.LITTLE, FEW, LESS, FEWER

a) A little in a few izraa manjhno tevilo v pozitivnem smislu. eprav je tega zelo malo je e
vseeno dovlj. Little in few izraat malo vendar v negativni smeri.
b) Fewer (few) manj za tevne samostalnike. Less (little) manj za netevne samostalnike.

10. ALL

a)Ne uporabljamo ga namesto: everybody/everyone/everything. Vendar All lahko nadomesti
everything, e mu sledi relative clause. Ima lahko tudi negativen pomen, e izraa only this ali nothing
more (All I want is a place to sleep, All I had was a couple of beers)
b) Pred samostalnikom, doloenim z The,my,this sta mona oba: all in all of., e pa tega dolila
(the,my,this) ni pa uporabljamo All.
c)Z osebnimi zaimki uporabljamo All of (All of you, All of them.. )

11. FUTURE FORMS

WILL - v trenutku govorjenja se odloimo, da bomo nekaj naredili, ne da bi o tem prej razmiljali.
Izraa obljube , pronje, gronje in ponudbe ter predvidevanja za prihodnost in prihodnja dejanja, ki
niso odvisna od osebkove volje ali namere. Will nastopa v glvenm stavku, kjer so v odvisnem
besede:if,when,before Shall je oblika ki se uporablja z osebama I in We, uporablja pa se veinoma v
vpraalnih povedih.Besedne zveze povezane s asom: I think,I know,Im sure,I doubt,O.K,dont worry,I
promise,I guess, maybe,perhaps,all right

GOING TO-izraa osebkovo trdno namero ali voljo v prihodnosti( le ta se bo zagotovo uresniila), pa
tudi predvidevanje za prihodnost na osnovi izkuenj.Lahko vidimo kaj se bo zgodilo, glede na zdajnje
dogajanje.Uporabljamo ga, ko imamo za to fizine dokaze :npr: Poglej imela bo otroka! (vidi trebuh
;) )

Will or going to? Will- odloitev, ki jo sprejmemo v trenutku govorjenja Going to- odloitev izraa
narte v prihodnosti, odloitve, ki pa so bili sprejeti pred trenutkom govorjenja.

FUTURE CONTINUOS- (will+be+glag-ing) Izraa dejanje, ki bo trajalo od dolonega trenutka v
prihodnosti dalje, uporabljamo ga tudi za izraanje bodoih nartov,stanj ali navad ob doloenem asu
v prihodnosti. Prislovna doloila:In years time, this time next week

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE- (will+have+3.obl glag)pove, kdaj bo dejanje, ki se je zaelo v
preteklosti, dovreno v rpihodnosti. Pri tem asu doloimo asovno toko v prihodnosti, ter povemo, da
se bo do takrat to dejanje zakljuila. Prislovna doloila: by (next) ,(not) till/untill


12.RELATIVE CLAUSES-ozirali zaimki

To so tisti zaimki, ki navajajo dodatne informacije o osebku alu predmetu stavka.Glede na to ali je
odvisni stavek nujno potreben za razumevanje gl. stavka loimo dve vrsti:

a) Defining relative (DR)

Primer: People (kateri ljudje?) who dont speak at least one foreign language cannot work in travel
agencies
Pomen in loila: odvisni stavek stoji za samostalnikom in doloa osebo oz. stvar o kateri govorimo; ne
moremo ga izputiti, na da bi to vplivalo na pomen; od ostalih delov povedi NI loen z vejico
Which: lahko nadomestimo z that, ko je which za besedami: all,every(thing),some(thing),any(thing) in
only), pa tudi ko se stavek zane z It is.Vendar that ne uporabimo takrat, ko which sledi predlogu.
Oziralni zaimek: lahko ispustimo, e se nanaa na predmet stavka: The people (who/that) he met on
the trip were from Brazil.
Prepozicije: (with,on,about,of..):postavimo na konec stavka (The song I wa talking about)

b) Non-defining relative clauses (NDR)

Primer:Peter, who speaks German well, got the job in the travel agency.
Pomen in loila: Odvisni stavek navaja dodatne informacije o osebi ali stvari; podatki, ki jih vkljuuje,
niso nujno potrebni in jih lahko izpustimo brez kode za pomen stavka; od ostalega stavka je loen z
vejicami
Which: ne morem nadomestiti z that, ker se nanaa na celoten predhodni stavek.
Oziralnega zaimka: ne moremo izpustiti
Prepozicije: (with,on,about,of..):lahko jih postavimo na konec stavka, vendar je bole e pridejo pred
zaimek


ZAIMKI V OZIRALNIH ODVISNIKH:

1) WHO (za ljudi)
2) WHOM (za ljudi)-zelo formalen,uporabljamo ga le s predlogi (from,withvejica je pred
predlogom)
3) WHOSE(DR in NDR) (za ljudi, stvari)
4) WHICH (NDR) in THAT (za stvari)-that uporabljamo le v DR
5) WHAT (DR) -the thing that
6) OZIRALNI PRISLOVI:
a. WHERE (DR+ NDR): the place where it happened
b. WHY (DR): the reason why it happened
c. WHEN (DR+ NDR):the time when it happened

OZIRALNI ODVISNIK LAHKO NADOMESTIMO Z:

a) nedolonikom I have letters to write (ne that I must write)
b) delenikom The boy living next door is Brazil (ne who lives next door)
c) trpnik pretekli delenik The man accused of killing said he had an alibi (ne the man who was
accused of killing)



NALOGE

1. Kaj pomenijo naslednje predpone?
Slef (to yourself) Anti-Pro (against) Non (not) Pre (before) Post (after) Re (again) Ex (not
anymore,no longer) Over (to much) Under (not enough) Fore ( to see in advaced) Ante (before) Sub
(under) Co- (with somebody/thing) Bi (two)

2. Opii znaajske lastnosti Mike-a, ene in Silorja!
MIKE-unhappily married, immature, pitiable,disloyal, insensitive, unreliable, irresponsible, self-
pitying, reckless
WIFE:polite,sensible (obutljiva),thoughtful,longsuffering (dolgotrpea),kind-hearted (dobrosrna)
SAILOR-sober, belligerent (vojskujo)

3. Write a review

..was written/directed by / years ago. The story is based on the robbery It is based on a book
of the same name. tells the story of ,and as the story unfolds, we see
It stars . Title role plays It takes place in the city oc in the It is about In the end What
we dont learn until the end is that There are several flashbacks to when . In my opinion Ithink
that. I would recommend.. What I liked best was the way. What I didnt like was

4.Povedano drugae:

written agreement-contract, happy-content, out-of-date-invalid, very small-minute, to complain or
protest about somthing-object, to say you wont do something- to refuse

5. PARI

now and then, time to time, more or less, safe and sound peace and quiet, sooner or later, slovly and
quickly, sick and tired, law and order

6. PARI

compromise-give and take, generally speaking-by and large, exact details-ins and outs, put up with-grin
and bear it, things-odds and ends, be patient and find out later-be patient, the wrong way round-back to
front, advantages and disadvantages-pros and cons

7. PHRASAL VERBS

show off-boast, turn up-arrive, find out-discover, own up-admit responsibility, doze off-fall asleep,
hold on-wait, cheer up-be happier, speak up-talk louder, go out-stop burning, set off-begin a journey,
shut up-be quiet, stay in-stay at home, blow up-explode, settle down-have calmer life