REVISIÓN GRAMÁTICA

PRESENT

Present simple

Para qué se usa? Para acciones que pasan todos los días, rutinas, hechos,
realidades.

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES PRESENT SIMPLE (estas les servirán como
pistas en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
everyday, sometimes, always, often, rarely, usually, seldom, never, first, then

Afirmativa:
- Rutina: I get up, I wake up, I go to school. Juanse gets up in the morning. Celia
studies everyday. Laura plays football. Laia goes to school. He does homework
everyday.
- Hechos/Realidades: Plants are green, Watermelons are red, A basketball is round. I
am a teacher. Mishelle is a student. You are a student. We are a class. They are
happy. She has a car.
Interrogativa (?): Do + sujeto (I, you, he…) + verb…?
Do you wake up early?
Does she wake up early? (tercera persona)
Am I happy? Are you happy? Is he/she/it happy? Are we happy? Are they happy?

Negativa: I don´t (do not) wake up early, He/She/It doesn´t (does not) wake up early.

To be: I am (not), you are (not/aren't), he/she/it is (not/isn´t), we are, you are, they are

Present continuous

Para qué se usa? Para acciones que están pasando ahora, en el momento

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES PRESENT CONTINUOUS (estas les servirán
como pistas en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
now, right now, in the moment, at this very moment

Fórmula: Sujeto + to be + verbo en -ing

Afirmativa: Laura is drinking water; Human beings drink water

Elehisa is holding her phone currently/now/right now
Michell is paying attention in class now
I am (Forma contraída: I’m) teaching English
Interrogativa (?): to be + Sujeto + verbo en -ing
Is Laura drinking water?
Is Michell paying attention?
Are you happy?
Negativa: Sujeto + to be + not + verbo -ing
I am not drinking
You are not (Forma contraída: aren´t) sleeping
She is not (Forma contraída: isn´t) drinking

Future (el Present Continuous también se puede usar para futuro inmediato, planes):
I am coming tonight
I am going out tomorrow

Present perfect

Para qué se usa? Para acciones que empezaron en el pasado pero siguen siendo
relevante todavía en el presente o ya acabaron pero siguen teniendo alguna conexión
con el presente.

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES PRESENT PERFECT (estas les servirán
como pistas en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
just, yet, never, ever, already, so far, up to now, since, for, recently

Fórmula: sujeto + have + verb in past participle (ed o tercera columna verbos
irregulares)

Afirmativa: He has (Forma contraída: ´s) worked today, I have just met you, I have already
done my homework

Interrogativa (?): Have you met her already? Has she just arrived or not?

Negativa: He has not (Forma contraída: hasn’t) worked yet

Present perfect continuous:

Para qué se usa? Para acciones o cosas que empezaron en el pasado pero continúan
en el presente, normalmente con el sentido de algo que es repetitivo o se ha estado
haciendo por algún tiempo.

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (estas

les servirán como pistas en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
all day, all week, the whole day, the whole week, the whole month, the whole year, how
long (para interrogativas), since, for (hours, weeks, minutes)

Fórmula: Sujeto + have + been + verb in ing form

Afirmativa: I have (Forma contraída: I’ve) been watching Netflix all day, She has (Forma
contraída:She’s) been talking on the phone for three hours, I have (Forma contraída: I’ve)
been married since 2019. I have (Forma contraída: I’ve) been worried since my mom left the
house.
Interrogativa (?): How long have you been playing tennis today?
Negativa: I have not (Forma contraída: haven´t) been playing football this week.

PAST

Past simple

Para qué se usa? Para cosas en el pasado, ya acabaron, acciones completadas

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES PAST SIMPLE (estas les servirán como
pistas en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
last, ago, yesterday, last week, a week ago, two years ago, since 1990...

Afirmativa:
-ed (regular): I played football yesterday. I listened to Myke Towers last night. I watched the
3rd episode of Squid Game this morning. I studied Math yesterday.
Irregular verbs (estudiar lista de verbos irregulares): I broke my leg two days ago.

Interrogativa (?) Did you play the Squid Game yesterday? Did you play XBOX the other
day? Did she like my clothes? El did no cambia nunca para ninguna persona, siempre se
escribe “did” para hacer preguntas en pasado.

Negativa: He did not (Forma contraída: didn´t) see the Squid Game on Netflix. He did see it.

Past continuous

Para qué se usa: para algo que tu estabas haciendo ayer, hace dos días, en el pasado,
cuando te ví

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES PAST CONTINUOUS (estas les servirán
como pistas en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
while, when

Fórmula: sujeto + to be en past simple (was/were) + verbo en ing

Afirmativa:
I am (Forma contraída:I’m) working at the moment
She is (Forma contraída: She’s) studying now
We are (Forma contraída: We’re) playing football right now
When para acciones interrumpidas: I was walking when I saw you (acción interrumpida),
You were talking when I left the house
While (mientras, para acciones simultáneas y que que pasan al mismo tiempo): While she
was walking talking on the phone her dad was calling her

Interrogativa (?)
Was I walking when I saw you?
Were you talking when I left the house?
Negativa: I was not (Forma contraída: wasn´t) talking when you saw me walking down the
street
You were not (Forma contraída: weren't) walking when I left the house

Past perfect:

Para qué se usa: para acciones en pasado que habían pasado antes de otra en pasado, un
pasado antes de otro pasado, en textos literarios aparece mucho. Normalmente estas
acciones están relacionadas la una con la otra.

Fórmula: sujeto + had + verb in past participle (ed o tercera columna en verbos
irregulares)

Afirmativa: I had (Forma contraída: I’d) worked all my life before I met that person. I had
already graduated from university when I first got married. I had just met my boyfriend when
I bought my first car

Question (?): Had I already graduated from university when I met her? I don´t know but she
always looked so familiar. It was as if I had met her all my life….

Negative: I had not (Forma contraída: hadn't) already graduated from university when I first
got married

FUTURE

Future simple (will)

Para qué se usa: predicciones, certeza, decisiones inmediatas/espontáneas sin pensar

Fórmula: sujeto + will + verbo en infinitivo (normal, sin añadir nada más)

Afirmativa:
- Certeza: I will (Forma contraída: I’ll) travel next week. You will (Forma contraída:
You’ll) pass the exam. I am (Forma contraída: I’m) sure that you will be fine.
- Predicción: Tomorrow it will (Forma contraída: It’ll) rain. Elehisa will do sports
tomorrow.
- Decisión espontánea sin pensar: Do you want to come? Ok, I will go. Ok, I will
come.

Interrogativa? Will I travel next week? Will you pass the exam?

Negativa: I will not (Forma contraída: won´t) travel next week

Going to

Para qué se usa: planes, futuro inmediato

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES GOING TO (estas les servirán como pistas
en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
tonight, this evening, this afternoon, tomorrow, at 2 pm

Fórmula: Sujeto + verbo to be presente + going to + verbo en infinitivo

Afirmativa: I am (Forma contraída: I’m) going to go to the cinema tonight. I am (Forma

contraída: I’m) going to play tennis tomorrow

Interrogativa (?): Are you going to go to the party tonight?

Negativa: I am (Forma contraída: I’m) not going to go to the game tomorrow.

Future Perfect

Para qué se usa: para acciones que estarán o habrán sido completadas para/hasta un
momento específico en el futuro (por ejemplo, “Tú habrás acabado 1° Bachillerato para el
año que viene” = “You will have finished 1° Bachillerato by next year”)

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES FUTURE PERFECT (estas les servirán
como pistas en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
next week, next month, next year, tomorrow at 4 am

Fórmula: Sujeto + will + have + verbo en participio (-ed o 3° columna si es irregular

Afirmativa:
I will have finished 2 Bachillerato by next year
I will have visited France in 2022

Interrogativa (?):
Will she have finished 2° Bachillerato by next year?
Will she have visited France in 2022?

Negativa:
I will not (Forma contraída: won’t) have finished 2° Bachillerato next year.
I will not (Forma contraída: won’t) have visited France in 2020

Future continuous

Para qué se usa: para acciones que estarán o habrán sido completadas para/hasta un
momento específico en el futuro (por ejemplo, “Tú habrás acabado 1° Bachillerato para el
año que viene” = “You will have finished 1° Bachillerato by next year”). En muchos casos
habrá un verbo que diga que algo ha acabado (por ejemplo, finished, completed, ended…)

PALABRAS CLAVE PARA SABER QUE ES FUTURE CONTINUOUS (estas les servirán
como pistas en frases para saber qué tiempo gramatical es):
cantidad específica de tiempo (por ejemplo, 10 years) from now, at this time cantidad
específica de tiempo (por ejemplo, tomorrow), tomorrow, next week, next month, next
year, tomorrow at 4 am, soon, this evening, tonight, this week, this month, this year, in
2030 (o cualquier otro año), all day

Fórmula: Sujeto + will + be + verb in ing

Afirmativa:
I will be studying 2 Bachillerato 2 years from now
I will be sleeping at this time tomorrow

Interrogativa (?):
Will she be studying 2° Bachillerato next year?
Will you be sleeping tomorrow at 5 pm?

Negativa:
I will not (Forma contraída: won’t) be studying university next year
I will not (Forma contraída: won’t) be playing Xbox this time tomorrow?