Machine Design

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN
Page 1 of 76
471. A short stub shaft, made of SAE 1035, as rolled, receivers 30 hp at 300 rpm via a
12-in. spur gear, the power being delivered to another shaft through a flexible
coupling. The gear is keyed (profile keyway) midway between the bearings. The
pressure angle of the gear teeth
o
20 = ; 5 . 1 = N based on the octahedral shear
stress theory with varying stresses. (a) Neglecting the radial component R of the
tooth load W , determine the shaft diameter. (b) Considering both the tangential
and the radial components, compute the shaft diameters. (c) Is the difference in
the results of the parts (a) and (b) enough to change your choice of the shaft size?

Problem 471.

Solution:
For SAE 1035, as rolled
ksi s
y
55 =
ksi s
u
85 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 42 85 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =

cos W A =
( )
lb in
n
hp
T = = = 6300
300
30 000 , 63 000 , 63

2
AD
T =
( )
2
12
6300
A
=
lb A 1050 =
cos W A =
20 cos 1050 W =
lb W 1118 =
Shear stress
( )
3 3
6300 16 16
d d
T
s
s

= =
3
800 , 100
d
s s
ms s
= =
0 =
as
s

Page 2 of 76
bending stress

From Table AT 2
4
FL
M =
(a) Negligible R :
( )( )
lb in
AL
M = = = 4200
4
16 1050
4

( )
3 3 3
400 , 134 4200 32 32
d d d
M
s

= = =
0 =
m
s
3
400 , 134
d
s s
a
= =
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
For profile keyway
0 . 2 =
f
K
6 . 1 =
fs
K
85 . 0 = SF
( )( )
( )( )
3 3
661 , 100
85 . 0
400 , 134 0 . 2
d d SF
s K
s
a f
e
= = =

SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
294 . 1
1
55
5 . 42
= = =
y
n
ys
ns
s
s
s
s

3 3
796 , 24 800 , 100
294 . 1
1
d d
s
s
s
s
ms
ys
ns
es
=
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
= =

Octahedral-shear theory
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3
500 , 42 577 . 0
796 , 24
500 , 42
661 , 100
5 . 1
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
d d

in d 569 . 1 =
Page 3 of 76
use in d
16
11
1 =

(b) Considering both radial and tangential component.
( )( )
lb in
WL
M = = = 4472
4
16 1118
4

( )
3 3 3
104 , 143 4472 32 32
d d d
M
s

= = =
0 =
m
s
3
104 , 143
d
s s
a
= =
( )( )
( )( )
3 3
180 , 107
85 . 0
104 , 143 0 . 2
d d SF
s K
s
a f
e
= = =

2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3
500 , 42 577 . 0
796 , 24
500 , 42
180 , 107
5 . 1
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
d d

in d 597 . 1 =
use in d
16
11
1 =

(c) The difference in the results of the parts (a) and (b) is not enough to change the choice
of the shaft size.

472. A cold-finished shaft, AISI 1141, is to transmit power that varies from 200 to 100
and back to 200 hp in each revolution at a speed of 600 rpm. The power is
received by a 20-in. spur gear A and delivered by a 10-in. spur gear C. The
tangential forces have each been converted into a force ( A and C shown) and a
couple (not shown). The radial component R of the tooth load is to be ignored in
the initial design. Let 2 and, considering varying stresses with the maximum
shear theory, compute the shaft diameter.

Problems 472 474

Page 4 of 76
Solution:
For AISI 1141, cold-finished
ksi s
y
90 =
ksi s
n
50 =
8 . 1
1
=
y
n
s
s

85 . 0 = SF
n
hp
T
000 , 63
=
( )
lb in T = = 000 , 21
600
200 000 , 63
max

( )
lb in T = = 500 , 10
600
100 000 , 63
min

( ) ( ) lb in T T T
m
= + = + = 750 , 15 500 , 10 000 , 21
2
1
2
1
min max

( ) ( ) lb in T T T
a
= = = 250 , 5 500 , 10 000 , 21
2
1
2
1
min max

3
16
d
T
s
s
=
( )
3 3
000 , 252 750 , 15 16
d d
s
ms

= =
( )
3 3
000 , 24 5250 16
d d
s
as

= =
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
For profile keyway
0 . 2 =
f
K
6 . 1 =
fs
K
8 . 1
1
= =
y
n
ys
ns
s
s
s
s

( )( )
3 3 3
894 , 94
85 . 0
000 , 84 6 . 1 000 , 252
8 . 1
1
d d d
s
es
= +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

Bending stress, negligible radial load
lb in T = 000 , 21 at 200 hp

For A:
T A = |
\
|
2
20

( ) 000 , 21 10 = A
Page 5 of 76
lb A 2100 = at 200 hp
For C:
T C = |
\
|
2
10

( ) 000 , 21 5 = C
lb C 4200 = at 200 hp

[ ]
= 0
B
M ( ) ( ) ( ) 15 25 10 C D A = +
at 200 hp
( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) 15 4200 25 10 2100 = + D
lb D 1680 =
[ ]
= 0
V
F
D B C A + = +
at 200 hp
1680 4200 2100 + = + B
lb B 4620 =
At 200 hp: lb A 2100 = , lb B 4620 = , lb C 4200 = , lb D 1680 =
Shear Diagram

Maximum moment at B
( )( ) lb in M = = 000 , 21 10 2100
( )
3 3 3
000 , 672 000 , 21 32 32
d d d
M
s

= = =
0 =
m
s
3
000 , 672
d
s s
a
= =
( )( )
3 3
304 , 503
85 . 0
000 , 672 0 . 2
0
d d SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
= + = + =

Page 6 of 76
3
894 , 94
d
s
es
=
Maximum Shear Theory
2
1
2 2
5 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3
000 , 50 5 . 0
894 , 94
000 , 50
304 , 503
2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
d d

in d 78 . 2 =
use in d
4
3
2 =

475. A shaft S, of cold-drawn AISI 1137, is to transmit power received from shaft W,
which turns at 2000 rpm, through the 5-in. gear E and 15-in. gear A. The power
is delivered by the 10-in. gear C to gear G, and it varies from 10 hp to 100 hp and
back to 10 hp during each revolution of S. The design is to account for the
varying stresses, with calculations based on the octahedral shear stress theory.
Let 8 . 1 = N and compute the shaft diameter, using only the tangential driving
loads for the first design.

Problem 475 477

Solution.
For AISI 1137, cold drawn
ksi s
y
93 =
ksi s
u
103 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 51 103 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
806 . 1
1
93
5 . 51
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

n
hp
T
000 , 63
=
( ) rpm rpm
A in
E in
n 667 2000
. 15
. 5
= =
Page 7 of 76
( )
lb in T = = 9450
667
100 000 , 63
max

( )
lb in T = = 945
667
10 000 , 63
min

( ) ( ) lb in T T T
m
= + = + = 5 . 5197 945 9450
2
1
2
1
min max

( ) ( ) lb in T T T
a
= = = 5 . 4252 945 9450
2
1
2
1
min max

3
16
d
T
s
s
=
( )
3 3
160 , 83 5 . 5197 16
d d
s
ms

= =
( )
3 3
040 , 68 5 . 4252 16
d d
s
as

= =
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
For profile keyway
0 . 2 =
f
K
6 . 1 =
fs
K
85 . 0 = SF
( )( )
3 3 3
425 , 55
85 . 0
040 , 68 6 . 1 160 , 83
806 . 1
1
d d d
s
es
= +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

Bending stress, using only tangential loads

For 100 hp:
lb in T = 9450
T A = |
\
|
2
15

( ) 9450 5 . 7 = A
lb A 1260 =
For C:
T C = |
\
|
2
10

Page 8 of 76
( ) 9450 5 = C
lb C 1890 =
[ ]
= 0
B
M C D A 14 20 6 = +
( ) ( ) 1890 14 20 1260 6 = + D
lb D 945 =
[ ]
= 0
V
F
D B C A + = +
945 1890 1260 + = + B
lb B 2205 =
Shear diagram

Maximum moment at B
( )( ) lb in M = = 7560 6 1260
( )
3 3 3
920 , 241 7560 32 32
d d d
M
s

= = =
0 =
m
s
3
920 , 241
d
s s
a
= =
( )( )
3 3
189 , 181
85 . 0
920 , 241 0 . 2
d d SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
= = + =

3
425 , 55
d
s
es
=
Octahedral Shear Theory
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3
500 , 51 577 . 0
425 , 55
500 , 51
189 , 181
2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
d d

in d 997 . 1 =
use in d 2 =

Page 9 of 76
478. A shaft made of AISI 1137, cold rolled, for a forage harvester is shown.
Power is supplied to the shaft by a vertical flat belt on the pulley A. At B, the
roller chain to the cutter exerts a force vertically upwards, and the V-belt to
the blower at C exerts a force vertically upwards. At maximum operating
conditions, the flat belt supplies 35 hp at 425 rpm, of which 25 hp is delivered
to the cutter and 10 hp to the blower. The two sections of the shaft are joined
by a flexible coupling at D and the various wheels are keyed (sled-runner
keyway) to the shafts. Allowing for the varying stresses on the basis of the
von Mises-Hencky theory of failure, decide upon the diameters of the shafts.
Choose a design factor that would include an allowance for rough loading.

Problem 478.
Solution:
For AISI 1137, cold rolled
ksi s
y
93 =
ksi s
u
103 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 51 103 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
806 . 1
1
93
5 . 51
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

Pulley,
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
A
= = = 5188
425
35 000 , 63 000 , 63

For flat-belt
( )
( )
lb
D
T
F F F F F
A
A
A
692
30
5188 4 2
2 2
1 2 2 1
= =
|
|
\
|
= = + =
Sprocket,
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
B
= = = 3706
425
25 000 , 63 000 , 63

For chain,
( )
lb
D
T
F
B
B
B
741
10
3706 2 2
= = =
Sheave,
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
C
= = = 1482
425
10 000 , 63 000 , 63

Page 10 of 76
For V-belt,
( )
( )
lb
D
T
F F F F F
C
C
C
445
10
1482 3 2
5 . 1 5 . 1
1 2 2 1
= =
|
|
\
|
= = + =
Consider shaft ABD.

35 hp
Shaft ABD

[ ]
= 0
' D
M
( ) ( )
B A
F A F 4 ' 4 8 4 8 6 + + = + +
( ) ( ) 741 4 ' 12 692 18 + = A
lb A 791 ' =

[ ]
= 0
V
F
A F D F
B A
+ = +
791 741 692 + = + D
lb D 840 =

Shear Diagram

Maximum M at A.
( )( ) . 4152 692 6 lb in M = =
( )
3 3 3
864 , 132 4152 32 32
d d d
M
s

= = =

0 =
m
s
3
864 , 132
d
s s
a
= =
Page 11 of 76
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
For sled-runner keyway (Table AT 13)
6 . 1 =
f
K
6 . 1 =
fs
K
85 . 0 = SF
( )( )
3 3
610 , 79
85 . 0
864 , 132 60 . 1
0
d d SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
= + = + =

at A lb in T T
A
= = 5188
( )
3 3 3
008 , 83 5188 16 16
d d d
T
s
s

= = =
s ms
s s =
0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
3 3
630 , 14 000 , 83
806 . 1
1
d d
s
es
=
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

Choose a design factor of 2.0
0 . 2 = N
von Mises-Hencky theory of failure (Octahedral shear theory)
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3
500 , 51 577 . 0
630 , 14
500 , 51
610 , 79
2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
d d

in d 48 . 1 =
use in d
2
1
1 =

Consider shaft D-C
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
C
= = = 1482
425
10 000 , 63 000 , 63

For V-belt,
( )
( )
lb
D
T
F F F F F
C
C
C
445
10
1482 3 2
5 . 1 5 . 1
1 2 2 1
= =
|
|
\
|
= = + =
Page 12 of 76

[ ]
= 0
' C
M
C
F D 3 8 =
( ) 445 3 8 = D
lb D 167 =

[ ]
= 0
V
F
C
F D C + =
445 167 + = C
lb C 612 =
Shear Diagram

( )( ) lb in M = = 1336 8 167
( )
3 3 3
752 , 42 1336 32 32
d d d
M
s

= = =
0 =
m
s , s s
a
=
( )( )
3 3
616 , 25
85 . 0
752 , 42 60 . 1
0
d d SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
= + = + =

at C, lb in T
C
=1482
( )
3 3 3
712 , 23 1482 16 16
d d d
T
s
s

= = =
s ms
s s =
0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
3 3
4180
0
712 , 23
806 . 1
1
d d
s
es
= +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3
500 , 51 577 . 0
4180
500 , 51
616 , 25
2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
d d

Page 13 of 76
in d 011 . 1 =
use in d 1 =

479. A shaft for a punch press is supported by bearings D and E (with L = 24 in.)
and receives 25 hp while rotating at 250 rpm, from a flat-belt drive on a 44-
in. pulley at B, the belt being at 45
o
with the vertical. An 8-in. gear at A
delivers the power horizontally to the right for punching operation. A 1500-lb
flywheel at C has a radius of gyration of 18 in. During punching, the shaft
slows and energy for punching comes from the loss of kinetic energy of the
flywheel in addition to the 25 hp constantly received via the belt. A
reasonable assumption for design purposes would be that the power to A
doubles during punching, 25 hp from the belt, 25 hp from the flywheel. The
phase relations are such that a particular point in the section where the
maximum moment occurs is subjected to alternating tension and
compression. Sled-runner keyways are used for A, B, and C; material is cold-
drawn AISI 1137, use a design factor of 5 . 2 = N with the octahedral shear
theory and account for the varying stresses. Determine the shaft diameters.

Problems 479-480
Solution:
Flat-Belt Drive (B)
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
B
= = = 6300
250
25 000 , 63 000 , 63

( )
( )
lb
D
T
F F F F F
B
B
B
573
44
6300 4 2
2 2
2 1 2 1
= =
|
|
\
|
= = + =
Gear A, Doubled hp
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
A
=
+
= = 600 , 12
250
25 25 000 , 63 000 , 63

( )
lb
D
T
F
A
A
A
3150
8
600 , 12 2 2
= = =
Loading:
Page 14 of 76

Vertical:

lb F B
B V
405 45 cos 573 45 cos = = =
[ ]
= 0
D
M
( )
V V
E B 24 8 1500 6 = +
( ) ( )
V
E 24 405 8 1500 6 = +
lb E
V
510 =
[ ]
= 0
V
F
V V V
B D E + = + 1500
405 510 1500 + = +
V
D
lb D
V
1605 =
Shear Diagram
Page 15 of 76

( )( ) lb in M
V
D
= = 9000 1500 6
( )( ) lb in M
V
B
= = 8160 510 16
( )( ) lb in M
V
A
= = 2550 510 5

Horizontal:

lb F B
B h
405 45 sin 573 45 sin = = =
[ ]
= 0
D
M
A h h
F E B 19 24 8 = +
( ) ( ) 3150 19 24 405 8 = +
h
E
lb E
h
2359 =
[ ]
= 0
h
F
A h h h
F E B D = + +
3150 2359 405 = + +
h
D
lb D
h
386 =

Shear Diagram

Page 16 of 76

lb in M
h
D
= 0
( )( ) lb in M
h
B
= = 3088 386 8
( )( ) lb in M
h
A
= = 795 , 11 2359 5

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) lb in M M M
V h
A A A
= + = + = 068 , 12 2550 795 , 11
2 2 2 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) lb in M M M
V h
B B B
= + = + = 8725 8160 3088
2 2 2 2

lb in M
D
= 9000
Therefore
lb in M = 068 , 12
max

( )
3 3 3
176 , 386 068 , 12 32 32
d d d
M
s

= = =

Maximum moment subjected to alternating tension and compression
0 =
m
s
3
176 , 386
d
s s
a
= =

SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
For AISI 1137, cold-drawn,
ksi s
y
93 =
ksi s
u
103 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 51 103 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
For sled-runner keyway (Table AT 13)
6 . 1 =
f
K
6 . 1 =
fs
K
85 . 0 = SF
( )( )
3 3
386 , 231
85 . 0
176 , 386 60 . 1
0
d d
s
e
= + =

Page 17 of 76

At A, 50 hp max. and 25 hp min.

50 hp
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
A
=
+
= = 600 , 12
250
25 25 000 , 63 000 , 63

( )
lb
D
T
F
A
A
A
3150
8
600 , 12 2 2
= = =
( )
3 3 3 max
600 , 201 600 , 12 16 16
d d d
T
s
s

= = =

25 hp
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
A
= = = 300 , 6
250
25 000 , 63 000 , 63

( )
lb
D
T
F
A
A
A
1575
8
300 , 6 2 2
= = =
( )
3 3 3 min
800 , 100 300 , 6 16 16
d d d
T
s
s

= = =
( )
3 3 min max
200 , 151 800 , 100 600 , 201
2
1
2
1
d d
s s s
s s ms

=
|
|
\
| +
= + =
( )
3 3 min max
400 , 50 800 , 100 600 , 201
2
1
2
1
d d
s s s
s s as

=
|
|
\
|
= =
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
( )( )
3 3 3
848 , 56
85 . 0
400 , 50 6 . 1 200 , 151
806 . 1
1
d d d
s
es
= +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3
500 , 51 577 . 0
848 , 56
500 , 51
386 , 231
2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
d d

in d 14 . 2 =
say in d
16
3
2 =

THRUST LOADS

Page 18 of 76
481. A cold-drawn monel propeller shaft for a launch is to transmit 400 hp at 1500
rpm without being subjected to a significant bending moment; and 40 < k L
e
.
The efficiency of the propeller is 70 % at 30 knots (1.152 mph/knot). Consider
that the number of repetitions of the maximum power at the given speed is 2x
10
5
. Let 2 = N based on the maximum shear theory with varying stress.
Compute the shaft diameter.

Solution:
For cold-drawn monel shaft, Table AT 10
ksi s
y
75 =
ksi s
n
42 = at 10
8

at 2 x 10
5

ksi s
n
23 . 71
10 2
10
42
085 . 0
5
8
=
|
|
\
|

053 . 1
1
75
23 . 71
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

( )
lb in
n
hp
T = = = 800 , 16
1500
400 000 , 63 000 , 63

( )
3 3 3
800 , 268 800 , 16 16 16
D D D
T
s
s

= = =
s ms
s s =
0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
85 . 0 = SF
assume 0 . 1 = =
fs f
K K
3 3
255 , 81
0
800 , 268
053 . 1
1
D D
s
es
= +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

hp
Fv
m
=
000 , 33

( )( )( )( ) fpm hr mi ft knot mph knots v
m
3041 min 60 1 5280 152 . 1 30 = =
( )
( )( ) 400 70 . 0
000 , 33
3041
=
F

lb F 3040 =
( )
2 2 2
160 , 12 3040 4 4
D D D
F
s

= = =
s s
m
=
0 =
a
s
Page 19 of 76
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
2 2
3676
0
160 , 12
053 . 1
1
D D
s
e
= +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

Maximum Shear Theory
2
1
2 2
5 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
2
230 , 71 5 . 0
255 , 81
230 , 71
3676
2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
D D

2
1
2
3
2
2
2815 . 2
377 . 19
1
2
1
(
(
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
D D

By trial and error
in in D
16
11
1 66 . 1 = =

482. A shaft receives 300 hp while rotating at 600 rpm, through a pair of bevel gears,
and it delivers this power via a flexible coupling at the other end. The shaft is
designed with the average forces ( at the midpoint of the bevel-gear face); the
tangential driving force is F , lb G 580 = , lb Q 926 = ; which are the rectangular
components of the total reaction between the teeth; in D
m
24 = , in L 36 = ,
in a 10 = . Let the material be AISI C1045, cold drawn; 2 = N . Considering
varying stresses and using the octahedral shear theory, determine the shaft
diameter.

Problems 482, 485, 486.

Solution:

For AISI C1045, cold drawn
ksi s
y
85 =
ksi s
u
100 =
Page 20 of 76
( ) ksi s s
u n
50 100 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
85 . 0 = SF
7 . 1
1
85
50
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

( )
lb in
hp
T = = = 500 , 31
600
300 000 , 63
600
000 , 63

( )
3 3 3
000 , 504 500 , 31 16 16
D D D
T
s
s

= = =
s ms
s s =
0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
3 3
370 , 94
0
000 , 504
7 . 1
1
D D
s
es
= +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

T
D
F
m
= |
\
|
2

500 , 31
2
24
= |
\
|
F
lb F 2625 =

Vertical:

lb in
D
Q
m
= |
\
|
= |
\
|
112 , 11
2
24
926
2

lb G 580 =
[ ] 0
=
B
M
( ) ( ) 0 10
2
36 = + G
QD
A
m
v

( ) ( ) 36 10
2
v
m
A G
QD
+ =
( ) ( ) 36 10 580 112 , 11
v
A + =
lb A
v
148 =
Page 21 of 76
[ ] 0
=
v
F
lb B A
v v
580 = +
lb B
v
580 148 = +
lb B
v
432 =
Shear Diagram

Moment Diagram

lb in M
v
C
= 112 , 11
lb in M
v
B
= 5328

Horizontal:

[ ] 0
=
B
M
( ) ( )( ) 10 2625 36 =
h
A
lb A
h
729 =
[ ] 0
=
h
F
F A B
h h
+ =
2625 725+ =
h
B
Page 22 of 76
lb B
h
3354 =

Shear Diagram

0 =
h
C
M
( )( ) lb in M
h
B
= = 244 , 26 729 36

Maximum M
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) lb in M M M M
V h
B B B
= + = + = = 780 , 26 5328 244 , 26
2 2 2 2

( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 2 3 max
704 , 3 960 , 856 926 4 780 , 26 32 4 32
D D D D D
Q
D
M
s

+ = + = + =
3 2 3 2 min
960 , 856 3704 32 4
D D D
M
D
Q
s

= =
( )
min max
2
1
s s s
m
+ =
2 3 2 2 3
3704 960 , 856 3704 3704 960 , 856
2
1
D D D D D
s
m

=
|
|
\
|
+ + =
( )
min max
2
1
s s s
a
=
3
960 , 856
D
s
a
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
assume 0 . 1 =
f
K at B
3 2 3 2
916 , 320 964 960 , 856
85 . 0
0 . 1 3704
7 . 1
1
D D D D
s
e
+ =
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

Octahedral Shear Theory
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

Page 23 of 76
( )
2
1
2
3
2
3 2
2
1
2
3
2
3 2
27 . 3 42 . 6
72
1
000 , 50 577 . 0
370 , 94
000 , 50
916 , 320 694
2
1
(
(
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ =
(
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
=
D D D D
D D

By trial and error, use
in D
2
1
2 =

483. The worm shown is to deliver 65.5 hp steadily at 1750 rpm. It will be integral
with the shaft if the shaft size needed permits, and its pitch diameter 3 in. The 12-
in. pulley receives the power from a horizontal belt in which the tight tension
2 1
5 . 2 F F = . The forces (in kips) on the worm are as shown, with the axial force
taken by bearing B. The strength reduction factor for the thread roots may be
taken as 5 . 1 =
f
K , shear or bending. The shaft is machined from AISI 1045, as
rolled. (a) For 2 . 2 = N (Soderberg criterion) by the octahedral-shear theory,
compute the required minimum diameter at the root of the worm thread (a first
approximation). (b) What should be the diameter of the shaft 2.5 in. to the left of
the centerline of the worm? (c) Select a shaft size D and check it at the pulley A.

Problem 483.
Solution:
For AISI 1045, as rolled
ksi s
y
59 =
ksi s
u
96 =
ksi s s
u n
48 5 . 0 = =
229 . 1
1
59
48
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

( )
lb in
hp
T = = = 2358
1750
5 . 65 000 , 63
1750
000 , 63

( ) T F F = |
\
|
2
12
2 1

( )( ) 2358 6 5 . 2
2 2
= F F
lb F 262
2
=
lb F F 655 5 . 2
2 1
= =
Page 24 of 76
lb F F F
A
917 262 655
2 1
= + = + =

Horizontal

[ ] 0
=
B
M
( )( ) ( )( )
h
E 13 5 . 6 1570 6 917 = +
lb E
h
1208 =
[ ] 0
=
h
F
1570 917 + = +
h h
B E
1570 1208 917 + = +
h
B
lb B
h
555 =

Shear Diagram

0 =
h
A
M
( )( ) lb in M
h
B
= = 5502 6 917
( )( ) lb in M
h
C
= = 7852 5 . 6 1208

Vertical:

( ) lb in M = |
\
|
= 3810
2
3
2540
[ ] 0
=
E
M
( )( )
v
B M 13 5 . 6 1170 = +
( )( )
v
B 13 5 . 6 1170 3810 = +
lb B
v
878 =
Page 25 of 76
[ ] 0
=
v
F
1170 = +
v v
B E
1170 878 = +
v
E
lb E
v
292 =

Shear Diagram

Moment Diagram

0 =
v
A
M
0 =
v
B
M
lb in M
v
C
= 5707

( ) ( )
2 2
v h
M M M + =
( ) ( ) 0 0 0
2 2
= + =
A
M
( ) ( ) lb in M
B
= + = 5502 0 5502
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
C
= + = 9707 5707 7852
2 2

(a) Minimum diameter at the root of the warm thread.
5 . 1 = =
fs f
K K
lb in M M
C
= = 9707
lb F 2540 =

( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 2 3 max
160 , 10 624 , 310 2540 4 9707 32 4 32
r r r r r r
D D D D D
F
D
M
s

+ = + = + =
Page 26 of 76
2 3 min
160 , 10 624 , 310
r r
D D
s

+ =
( )
min max
2
1
s s s
m
+ =
2
160 , 10
r
m
D
s
=
( )
min max
2
1
s s s
a
=
3
624 , 310
r
a
D
s
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
3 2 3 2
485 , 174 2632 624 , 310
85 . 0
5 . 1 160 , 10
229 . 1
1
r r r r
e
D D D D
s + =
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

( )
3 3 3
000 , 12 2358 16 16
r r r
s
D D D
T
s = = =

s ms
s s =
0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
3 3
9764
0
000 , 12
229 . 1
1
r r
es
D D
s = +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
2 . 2 = N , Octahedral shear theory
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3 2
2
1
2
3
2
3 2
84 . 2
1 635 . 3
24 . 18
1
000 , 48 577 . 0
9764
000 , 48
485 , 174 2632
2 . 2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+ =
(
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
=
r r r r
r r
D D D D
D D

By trial and error
in D
r
023 . 2 =
say in D
r
16
1
2 =
(b) D shaft diameter 2.5 in. to the left of the center line of worm
Page 27 of 76
in r
16
3
=
Figure AF 12
1 . 0
16
3
2 2 023 . 2
16
3
\
|
=
d
r

2 . 1
16
3
2 2 023 . 2
023 . 2
=
|
\
|
=
d
D

65 . 1 = =
t f
K K
34 . 1 = =
ts fs
K K
at 2.5 in to the shaft
( )( ) ( )( ) lb in M
h
= + = 6950 5 . 2 5 . 6 362 6 917
( )( ) lb in M
v
= = 3512 5 . 2 5 . 6 878
( ) ( ) lb in M = + = 7787 3512 6950
2 2

2
160 , 10
D
s
m
=
( )
3 3 3
184 , 249 7787 32 32
D D D
M
s
a

= = =
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
3 2 3 2
970 , 153 2632 184 , 249
85 . 0
65 . 1 160 , 10
229 . 1
1
D D D D
s
e
+ =
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

3
9764
D
s
es
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3 2
2
1
2
3
2
3 2
84 . 2
1 21 . 3
24 . 18
1
000 , 48 577 . 0
9764
000 , 48
970 , 153 2632
2 . 2
1
(
(
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ =
(
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
=
D D D D
D D

By trial and error
in D 9432 . 1 =
say in D
16
15
1 =
Page 28 of 76

(c) Selecting in in D 9375 . 1
16
15
1 = =
At the pulley A, or 3 in. right of centerline
( )( ) lb in M
h
= = 2751 3 917
0 =
v
M
lb in M = 2751
For sled runner keyway
6 . 1 =
f
K
6 . 1 =
fs
K
0 =
m
s
( )
( )
psi
D
M
s
a
3853
9375 . 1
2751 32 32
3 3
= = =

SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
( ) psi s
e
7253 3853
85 . 0
6 . 1
0 = |
\
|
+ =
( )
psi s
es
1343
9375 . 1
9764
3
= =
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
000 , 48 577 . 0
1343
000 , 48
7253 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

2 . 2 30 . 6 > = N , therefore o.k.

484. A propeller shaft as shown is to receive 300 hp at 315 rpm from the right through
a flexible coupling. A 16-in. pulley is used to drive an auxiliary, taking 25 hp.
The belt pull
B
F is vertically upward. The remainder of the power is delivered to
a propeller that is expected to convert 60% of it into work driving the boat, at
which time the boat speed is 1500 fpm. The thrust is to be taken by the right-hand
bearing. Let 2 = N ; material cold-worked stainless 410. Use the octahedral shear
theory with varying stresses. (a) Determine the shaft size needed assuming no
buckling. (b) Compute the equivalent column stress. Is this different enough to
call for another shaft size? Compute N by the maximum shear stress theory,
from both equations (8.4) and (8.11).
Page 29 of 76

Problem 484.

Solution:
For stainless 410, cold-worked
ksi s
y
85 =
ksi s
n
53 =
85 . 0 = SF
Belt drive
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
B
= = = 5000
315
25 000 , 63 000 , 63

( )
( )
lb
D
T
F F F F F
B
B
B
1250
16
5000 4 2
2 2
2 1 2 1
= =
|
|
\
|
= = + =
Propeller
( )
lb in
n
hp
T
P
=
= = 000 , 55
315
25 300 000 , 63 000 , 63

Thrust
( ) 000 , 33 hp Fv
m
=
( ) ( )( )( ) 000 , 33 25 300 60 . 0 1500 = F
lb F 3630 =

Vertical loading

[ ] 0
=
E
M
( )( ) C 60 1250 20 =
lb C 417 =
[ ] 0
=
v
F
B
F C A = +
1250 417 = + A
Page 30 of 76
lb A 833 =

Shear Diagram

( )( ) lb in M
B
= = 660 , 16 833 20
Maximum T at B
lb in T T T
P B
= + = 000 , 60

(a) Shaft size assuming no buckling
lb in M = 660 , 16
lb F 3630 =
( )
2 2 2
520 , 14 3630 4 4
D D D
F
s
m

= = =
( )
3 3 3
120 , 533 660 , 16 32 32
D D D
M
s
a

= = =
For sled-runner keyway
6 . 1 =
f
K
6 . 1 =
fs
K
604 . 1
1
85
53
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
3 2 3 2
430 , 319 2882 120 , 533
85 . 0
6 . 1 520 , 14
604 . 1
1
D D D D
s
e
+ =
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

( )
3 3 3
000 , 960 000 , 60 16 16
D D D
s s
ms s

= = = =
0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
3 2
510 , 190
0
000 , 960
604 . 1
1
D D
s
es
= +
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=

Page 31 of 76
2
1
2 2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
ns
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

2 = N , Octahedral Shear Theory,
n ns
s s 577 . 0 =
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2
3
2
3 2
2
1
2
3
2
3 2
230 . 6 027 . 6
39 . 18
1
000 , 53 577 . 0
510 , 190
000 , 53
430 , 319 2882
2
1
(
(
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ =
(
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
=
D D D D
D D

By trial and error
in D 6 . 2 =
say in in D 625 . 2
8
5
2 = =

(b) Equivalent Column Stress
2
4
D
F
s =
in L
e
82 10 60 12 = + + =
( ) in D k 65625 . 0 625 . 2
4
1
4
1
= = =
120 125
65625 . 0
82
> = =
k
L
e

Use Eulers equation
( )
( )
486 . 4
10 30
125 85
3 2
2
2
2
=
=
|
\
|
=

E
k
L
s
e
y

( )
( )
( ) psi
D
F
s 3000 486 . 4
625 . 2
3630 4 4
2 2
= = =

Since 1 > , it is different enough to call for another shaft size.

Solving for N by maximum shear theory.
( ) ( )
psi
D D
s
e
078 , 18
625 . 2
430 , 319
625 . 2
2882 430 , 319 2882
3 2 3 2
= + = + =
( )
psi s
es
533 , 10
625 . 2
510 , 190
3
= =
Equation (8.4)
Page 32 of 76
( ) psi
s
s
s
880 , 13
2
078 , 18
533 , 10
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
=
(
(
\
|
+ =
(
(
\
|
+ =
( )
91 . 1
880 , 13
000 , 53 5 . 0 5 . 0
= = =
n
s
N
Equation (8.11)
n ns
s s 5 . 0 =
( )
2
1
2 2 2
1
2 2
000 , 53 5 . 0
533 , 10
000 , 53
078 , 18 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
ns
s
n
s
s
s
s
N

91 . 1 = N

CHECK PROBLEMS

485. A 3-in. rotating shaft somewhat as shown (482) carries a bevel gear whose mean
diameter is in D
m
10 = and which is keyed (profile) to the left end. Acting on the
gear are a radial force lb G 8 . 1570 = , a driving force lb Q 6 . 3141 = . The thrust
force is taken by the right-hand bearing. Let in a 5 = and in L 15 = ; material,
AISI C1040, annealed. Base calculations on the maximum shearing stress theory
with variable stress. Compute the indicated design factor N . With the use of a
sketch, indicate the exact point of which maximum normal stress occurs.

Solution:
For AISI C1040, annealed, Figure AF 1
ksi s
y
48 =
ksi s
u
80 =
ksi s s
u n
40 5 . 0 = =
2 . 1
1
48
40
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

( )( )
lb in
FD
T
m
= = = 416 , 31
2
10 2 . 6283
2

( )
( )
psi
D
T
s
s
5926
3
416 , 31 16 16
3 3
= = =

s ms
s s =
0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
( ) psi s
es
4940 0 5926
2 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
Vertical
Page 33 of 76

( )( )
lb in
QD
m
= = 708 , 15
2
10 6 . 3141
2

[ ] 0
=
E
M
V
m
A G
QD
15 5
2
+ =
( )
V
A 15 8 . 1570 5 708 , 15 + =
lb A
V
6 . 523 =
[ ] 0
=
v
F
G B A
V V
= +
8 . 1570 6 . 523 = +
V
B
lb B
V
2 . 1047 =
Shear Diagram

Moment Diagram

lb in M
V
C
= 708 , 15
lb in M
V
B
= 7854

Page 34 of 76
Horizontal

[ ] 0
=
B
M
( ) 2 . 6283 5 15 =
h
A
lb A
h
4 . 2094 =
[ ] 0
=
h
F
F A B
h h
+ =
2 . 6283 4 . 2094 + =
h
B
lb B
h
6 . 8377 =

Shear Diagram

0 =
h
C
M
( )( ) lb in M
h
B
= = 416 , 31 4 . 2094 15

Maximum Moment
( ) ( ) lb in M M M
Bv B
h
= + = + = 383 , 32 7854 416 , 31
2 2 2 2

Since thrust force is taken by the right-hand bearing
0 =
ms
s
( )
( )
psi
D
M
s
as
217 , 12
3
383 , 32 32 32
3 3
= = =

SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
Assume 0 . 1 =
f
K at the bearing B
( ) psi s
e
373 , 14 217 , 12
85 . 0
0 . 1
0 = |
\
|
+ =

Page 35 of 76
Maximum shear theory
n ns
s s 5 . 0 =
2
1
2 2
5 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
000 , 40 5 . 0
4940
000 , 40
373 , 14 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

3 . 2 = N

Location of maximum normal stress

487. A 2 7/16-in. countershaft in a machine shop transmits 52 hp at 315 rpm. It is
made of AISI 1117, as rolled, and supported upon bearing A and B, 59-in. apart.
Pulley C receives the power via a horizontal belt, and pulley D delivers it
vertically downward, as shown. Calculate N based on the octahedral-shear-
stress theory considering varying stresses.

Problem 487, 488

Solution:
For AISI 1117, as rolled
ksi s
y
3 . 44 =
Page 36 of 76
ksi s
u
6 . 70 =
ksi s s
u n
3 . 35 5 . 0 = =
255 . 1
1
3 . 44
3 . 35
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

85 . 0 = SF
( )
lb in T = = 400 , 10
315
52 000 , 63

Pulley C
( )
( )
lb
D
T
F F F F F
C
C
2311
18
400 , 10 4 2
2 2
1 2 2 1
= =
|
|
\
|
= = + =
Pulley D
( )
( )
lb
D
T
F F F F F
D
D
1664
25
400 , 10 4 2
2 2
1 2 2 1
= =
|
|
\
|
= = + =

Horizontal

[ ] 0
=
A
M
( )
h
B 59 2311 15 =
lb B
h
588 =
[ ] 0
=
h
F
2311 = +
h h
B A
2311 588 = +
h
A
lb A
h
1723 =

Shear Diagram

( )( ) lb in M
h
C
= = 845 , 25 15 1723
Page 37 of 76
( )( ) ( )( ) lb in M
h
D
= = 557 , 10 26 588 15 1723

Vertical

[ ] 0
=
B
M
( )
v
A 59 1664 18 =
lb A
v
508 =
[ ] 0
=
v
F
1664 = +
v v
B A
1664 508 = +
v
B
lb B
v
1156 =

Shear Diagram

( )( ) lb in M
v
C
= = 7620 15 508
( )( ) lb in M
v
D
= = 808 , 20 18 1156

( ) ( ) lb in M M M
v h
C C C
= + = + = 945 , 26 7620 845 , 25
2 2 2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M M M
v h
D D D
= + = + = 333 , 23 808 , 20 557 , 10
2 2 2 2

Maximum M at C
lb in M M
C
= = 945 , 26
0 =
m
s
3
32
D
M
s
a
=
in in D 4375 . 2
16
7
2 = =
Page 38 of 76
( )
( )
psi s
a
952 , 18
4375 . 2
945 , 26 32
3
= =

assume 0 . 1 = =
fs f
K K
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
( )
( )( )
psi s
e
300 , 22
85 . 0
952 , 18 0 . 1
0
255 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
( )
( )
psi
D
T
s
s
3658
4375 . 2
400 , 10 16 16
3 3
= = =

psi s s
s ms
3658 = =
0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
( ) psi s
es
2915 0 3658
255 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
Octahedral shear theory
n ns
s s 577 . 0 =
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
300 , 35 577 . 0
2915
300 , 35
300 , 22 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

544 . 1 = N

489. A shaft for a general-purpose gear-reduction unit supports two gears as shown.
The 5.75-in. gear B receives 7 hp at 250 rpm. The 2.25-in. gear A delivers the
power, with the forces on the shaft acting as shown; the gear teeth have a
pressure angle of
o
2
1
14 = (
v
h
v
h
B
B
A
A
= = tan ). Both gears are keyed (profile) to
the shaft of AISI 1141, cold rolled. (a) If the fillet radius is 1/8 in. at bearing D,
where the diameter is 1 3/8 in., compute N based on the octahedral-shear-stress
theory (Soderberg line). The shaft diameter at A is 1 11/16 in. What is N here?
Page 39 of 76

Problem 489, 490
Solution:
For AISI 1141, cold rolled
ksi s
y
90 =
ksi s
n
50 =
8 . 1
1
90
50
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

85 . 0 = SF
( )
lb in T = = 1764
250
7 000 , 63

3
16
D
T
s
ms
=
0 =
as
s

Gear B:
lb in T B
v
= = |
\
|
1764
2
75 . 5

lb B
v
614 =
lb B B
v h
159 5 . 14 tan 614 tan = = =

Gear A:
lb in T A
v
= = |
\
|
1764
2
25 . 2

lb A
v
1568 =
lb A A
v h
406 5 . 14 tan 1568 tan = = =

Vertical

Page 40 of 76
[ ] 0
=
D
M
( ) ( ) 614 3 1568 4 8 =
v
C
lb C
v
554 =
[ ] 0
=
v
F
v v v v
B A D C + = +
614 1568 554 + = +
v
D
lb D
v
1628 =

Shear Diagram

( )( ) lb in M
v
A
= = 2216 4 554
( )( ) lb in M
v
D
= = 1842 3 614

Horizontal

[ ] 0
=
C
M
( ) ( ) 159 11 8 406 4 = +
h
D
lb D
h
16 =
[ ] 0
=
h
F
h h h h
D A B C + = +
16 406 159 + = +
h
C
lb C
h
263 =

Shear Diagram

Page 41 of 76
( )( ) lb in M
h
A
= = 1052 4 263
( )( ) lb in M
h
D
= = 477 3 159

( ) ( ) lb in M M M
v h
A A A
= + = + = 2453 2216 1052
2 2 2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M M M
v h
D D D
= + = + = 1903 1842 477
2 2 2 2

(a) At bearing D
in r
8
1
=
in d
8
3
1 =
10 . 0
375 . 1
125 . 0
=
d
r

2 . 1
375 . 1
25 . 0 375 . 1
+
=
d
D

6 . 1 =
f t
K K
34 . 1 =
fs ts
K K
D
M M =
0 =
m
s
( )
( )
psi
d
M
s
a
7456
375 . 1
1903 32 32
3 3
= = =

SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
( )( )
psi s
e
035 , 14
85 . 0
7456 6 . 1
0 = + =
( )
( )
psi
D
T
s
ms
3456
375 . 1
1764 16 16
3 3
= = =

0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
( ) psi s
es
1920 0 3456
8 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

Page 42 of 76
( )
2
1
2 2
000 , 50 577 . 0
3456
000 , 50
035 , 14 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

28 . 3 = N

(b) At A
For profile keyway
0 . 2 =
f
K , 6 . 1 =
fs
K
in in d 6875 . 1
16
11
1 = =
lb in M M
A
= = 2453
0 =
m
s
( )
( )
psi
d
M
s
a
5200
6875 . 1
2453 32 32
3 3
= = =

SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
( )( )
psi s
e
235 , 12
85 . 0
5200 0 . 2
0 = + =
( )
( )
psi
D
T
s
ms
1870
6875 . 1
1764 16 16
3 3
= = =

0 =
as
s
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
( ) psi s
es
1040 0 1870
8 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
000 , 50 577 . 0
1040
000 , 50
235 , 12 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

043 . 4 = N

THRUST LOADS

491. The high-speed shaft of a worm-gear speed reducer, made of carburized AISI
8620, SOQT 450 F, is subjected to a torque of 21,400 in-lb. Applied to the right
Page 43 of 76
end with no bending. The force on the worm has three components: a horizontal
force opposing rotation of lb W 6180 = , a vertical radial force lb S 1940 = , and a
rightward thrust of lb F 6580 = . The shaft has the following dimensions: 6 = a ,
8
7
4 = b , 10 = c ,
16
9
4 = d ,
4
3
2 = e ,
16
9
13 = f , 646 . 11 = g , 370 . 10 = h ,
740 . 3
1
= D ,
16
13
4
2
= D , 4
3
= D , 3469 . 3
4
= D , 253 . 3
5
= D , 098 . 0
1
= r ,
4
3
3 2
= = r r , 098 . 0
4
= r ,
16
1
5
= r , all in inches. The pitch diameter of the worm,
6.923 in., is the effective diameter for the point of application of the forces. The
root diameter, 5.701 in. is used for stress calculations. The left-hand bearing
takes the thrust load. Calculate N based on the octahedral-shear-stress theory
with varying stresses. (Data courtesy of Cleveland Worm and Gear Company.)

Problem 491
Solution:
Table AT 11n For AISI 8620, SOQT 450 F
ksi s
y
120 =
ksi s
u
167 =
ksi s s
u n
5 . 83 5 . 0 = =
437 . 1
1
120
5 . 83
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

85 . 0 = SF
lb in T = 400 , 21

Vertical

Page 44 of 76
lb in F M = |
\
|
= |
\
|
= 777 , 22
2
923 . 6
6580
2
923 . 6

[ ] 0
=
A
M
( )( ) ( )
v
G 370 . 10 646 . 11 1940 646 . 11 777 , 22 + = +
lb G
v
2061 =
[ ] 0
=
v
F
v v
G A S = +
2061 1940 = +
v
A
lb A
v
121 =
Shear Diagram

Moment Diagram

0 =
v
A
M
( )( ) lb in M
v
B
= = 146 2035 . 1 121
( )( ) lb in M
v
C
= + = 736 875 . 4 2035 . 1 121
( )( ) lb in M
v
D
= + + = 1409 5675 . 5 875 . 4 2035 . 1 121 at left side
lb in M M
v
D
= + = + = 368 , 21 777 , 22 1409 1409 at right side
( )( ) lb in M
v
E
= = 233 , 12 4325 . 4 2061 368 , 21
( )( ) lb in M
v
F
= = 2830 5625 . 4 2061 233 , 12
( )( ) 0 375 . 1 2061 2830 = =
v
G
M
Horizontal

Page 45 of 76
[ ] 0
=
A
M
( )( ) ( )
h
G 370 . 10 646 . 11 6180 646 . 11 + =
lb G
h
3269 =
[ ] 0
=
h
F
W G A
v h
= +
6180 3269 = +
h
A
lb A
h
2911 =
Shear Diagram

Moment Diagram

0 =
h
A
M
( )( ) lb in M
h
B
= = 3500 2035 . 1 2911
( )( ) lb in M
h
C
= + = 695 , 17 875 . 4 2035 . 1 2911
lb in M
h
D
= 900 , 33
( )( ) lb in M
h
E
= = 410 , 19 4325 . 4 3269 900 , 33
( )( ) lb in M
h
F
= = 4495 5625 . 4 3269 410 , 19
( )( ) 0 375 . 1 3269 4495 = =
h
F
M

Combined
2 2
v h
M M M + =
( ) ( ) lb in M
A
= + = 0 0 0
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
B
= + = 3503 146 3500
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
C
= + = 710 , 17 736 695 , 17
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
D
= + = 930 , 33 1409 900 , 33
2 2
(left)
( ) ( ) lb in M
D
= + = 073 , 40 368 , 21 900 , 33
2 2
(right)
( ) ( ) lb in M
E
= + = 944 , 22 233 , 12 410 , 19
2 2

Page 46 of 76
( ) ( ) lb in M
F
= + = 5312 4495 2830
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
G
= + = 0 0 0
2 2

Bending stresses (Maximum)
At A, 0 =
A
s
At B,
( )
( )
psi
D
M
s
B
B
682
740 . 3
3503 32 32
3 3
1
= = =

At C,
( )
( )
psi
D
M
s
C
C
1618
8125 . 4
710 , 17 32 32
3 3
2
= = =

At D,
( )
( )
psi
D
M
s
r
D
D
2203
701 . 5
073 , 40 32 32
3 3
= = =

At E,
( )
( )
psi
D
M
s
E
E
3652
4
944 , 22 32 32
3 3
3
= = =

At F,
( )
( )
psi
D
M
s
F
F
1443
3469 . 3
5312 32 32
3 3
4
= = =

At G, 0 =
G
s

Shear Stresses:
( )
( )
psi
D
T
s s
sB sA
2083
740 . 3
400 , 21 16 16
3 3
1
= = = =

( )
( )
psi
D
T
s
sC
978
8125 . 4
400 , 21 16 16
3 3
2
= = =

( )
( )
psi
D
T
s
r
sD
588
701 . 5
400 , 21 16 16
3 3
= = =

( )
( )
psi
D
T
s
sE
1703
4
400 , 21 16 16
3 3
3
= = =

( )
( )
psi
D
T
s s
sG sF
2907
3469 . 3
400 , 21 16 16
3 3
4
= = = =

Tensile stresses: lb F 6580 =
( )
( )
psi
D
F
s s
B A
599
740 . 3
6580 4 4
2 2
1
= = = =

( )
( )
psi
D
F
s
C
362
8125 . 4
6580 4 4
2 2
2
= = =

( )
( )
psi
D
F
s
r
D
258
701 . 5
6580 4 4
2 2
= = =

( )
( )
psi
D
F
s
E
524
4
6580 4 4
2 2
3
= = =

Page 47 of 76
( )
( )
psi
D
F
s s
F E
748
3469 . 3
6580 4 4
2 2
4
= = = =

At B: 03 . 0
740 . 3
098 . 0
1
1
= =
D
r

3 . 1
740 . 3
8125 . 4
1
2
= =
D
D

Figure AF 12
3 . 2 =
t f
K K
7 . 1 =
ts fs
K K
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
psi s s
B m
599 = =
psi s s
B a
682 = =
( )
( )( )
psi s
e
2262
85 . 0
682 3 . 2
599
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
psi s s
sB ms
2083 = =
0 =
as
s
( ) psi s
es
1450 0 2083
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
500 , 83 577 . 0
1450
500 , 83
2262 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

7 . 24 = N

At C: 16 . 0
8125 . 4
75 . 0
2
2
= =
D
r

2 . 1
8125 . 4
701 . 5
2
= =
D
D
r

Figure AF 12
5 . 1 =
t f
K K
2 . 1 =
ts fs
K K
Page 48 of 76
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
psi s
m
362 =
psi s
a
1618 =
( )
( )( )
psi s
e
3107
85 . 0
1618 5 . 1
362
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
psi s s
sC ms
978 = =
0 =
as
s
( ) psi s
es
681 0 978
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
500 , 83 577 . 0
681
500 , 83
3107 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

1 . 25 = N

At D:

Assume 5 . 1 =
f
K as in Prob. 483
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
psi s
m
258 =
psi s
a
2203 =
( )
( )( )
psi s
e
4067
85 . 0
2203 5 . 1
258
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
psi s s
sD ms
588 = =
0 =
as
s
( ) psi s
es
409 0 588
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
Page 49 of 76
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
500 , 83 577 . 0
409
500 , 83
4067 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

2 . 20 = N

At E: 19 . 0
4
75 . 0
3
3
= =
D
r

43 . 1
4
701 . 5
3
= =
D
D
r

Figure AF 12
45 . 1 =
t f
K K
25 . 1 =
ts fs
K K
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
psi s s
E m
524 = =
psi s s
E a
3652 = =
( )
( )( )
psi s
e
6595
85 . 0
3652 45 . 1
524
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
psi s s
sE ms
1703 = =
0 =
as
s
( ) psi s
es
1185 0 1703
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
500 , 83 577 . 0
1185
500 , 83
6595 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

12 = N

At F: 03 . 0
3469 . 3
098 . 0
4
4
= =
D
r

Page 50 of 76
2 . 1
3469 . 3
4
4
3
= =
D
D

Figure AF 12
3 . 2 =
t f
K K
7 . 1 =
ts fs
K K
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
psi s s
F m
748 = =
psi s s
F a
1443 = =
( )
( )( )
psi s
e
4425
85 . 0
1443 3 . 2
748
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
psi s s
sF ms
2907 = =
0 =
as
s
( ) psi s
es
2023 0 2907
437 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
500 , 83 577 . 0
2023
500 , 83
4425 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

8 . 14 = N

Then 12 = N at in r
4
3
3
= (E)

492. The slow-speed shaft of a speed reducer shown, made of AISI 4140, OQT 1200
F, transmits 100 hp at a speed of 388 rpm. It receives power through a 13.6 in.
gear B. The force on this gear has three components: a horizontal tangential
driving force lb F
t
2390 = , a vertical radial force lb S 870 = , and a thrust force
lb Q 598 = taken by the right-hand bearing. The power is delivered to a belt at
F that exerts a downward vertical force of 1620 lb.; sled runner keyways. Use
the octahedral shear theory with the Soderberg line and compute N at sections C
and D. (Data courtesy of Twin Disc Clutch Company.)
Page 51 of 76

Problem 492, 493
Solution:
For AISI 4140, OQT 1200 F
ksi s
y
83 =
ksi s
u
112 =
ksi s s
u n
56 5 . 0 = =
482 . 1
1
83
56
= = =
ys
ns
y
n
s
s
s
s

85 . 0 = SF
( )
lb in T = = 237 , 16
388
100 000 , 63

Vertical

( ) lb in Q M = |
\
|
= |
\
|
= 4 . 4066
2
6 . 13
598
2
6 . 13

[ ] 0
=
A
M
Page 52 of 76
( ) ( )
v
G
|
\
|
+ + + =
+ |
\
|
+ + + + + + + |
\
|
+
32
7
1
8
3
3
8
5
1
16
3
1
4 . 4066 1620
4
3
2
16
13
32
11
1
32
7
1
8
3
3
8
5
1
16
3
1 870
8
5
1
16
3
1

lb G
v
3573 =
[ ] 0
=
v
F
v v
G F S A = + +
3573 1620 870 = + +
v
A
lb A
v
1083 =
Shear Diagram

Moment Diagram

0 =
v
A
M
( ) lb in M
v
P
= |
\
|
= 1286
16
3
1 1083
( ) lb in M
v
B
= |
\
|
+ = 3046
8
5
1 1083 1286 at the left
lb in M
v
B
= + = 1021 4 . 4066 3046 at the right
( ) lb in M
v
C
= |
\
|
= 5570
8
3
3 1953 1021
( ) lb in M
v
G
= |
\
|
= 7950
32
7
1 1953 5570
Page 53 of 76
( ) lb in M
v
D
= |
\
|
+ = 5773
32
11
1 1620 7950
( ) lb in M
v
E
= |
\
|
+ = 4457
16
13
1620 5773
( ) lb in M
v
F
= |
\
|
+ = 0
4
3
2 1620 4457

Horizontal

[ ] 0
=
A
M
( )
h
G |
\
|
+ + |
\
|
32
19
4
16
13
2 2390
16
13
2
lb G
h
908 =
[ ] 0
=
h
F
t h h
F G A = +
2390 908 = +
h
A
lb A
h
1482 =
Shear Diagram

0 =
h
A
M
( ) lb in M
h
P
= |
\
|
= 1760
16
3
1 1482
( ) lb in M
h
B
= |
\
|
+ = 4168
8
5
1 1482 1760
Page 54 of 76
( ) lb in M
h
C
= |
\
|
= 1104
8
3
3 908 4168
( ) lb in M
h
C
= |
\
|
= 0
32
7
1 908 1104
lb in M
h
D
= 0
lb in M
h
E
= 0
lb in M
h
F
= 0

Combined
2 2
v h
M M M + =
lb in M
A
= 0
( ) ( ) lb in M
P
= + = 2180 1286 1760
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
B
= + = 5163 3046 4168
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
C
= + = 5678 5570 1104
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
D
= + = 5773 5773 0
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
E
= + = 4457 4457 0
2 2

( ) ( ) lb in M
F
= + = 0 0 0
2 2

at C: in in r 125 . 0
8
1
= =
in d 750 . 2 =
in D 953 . 2 =
05 . 0
750 . 2
125 . 0
= =
d
r

10 . 1
750 . 2
953 . 2
= =
d
D

Figure AF 12
9 . 1
1
=
t f
K K
3 . 1
1
=
ts fs
K K
For sled runner keyway
6 . 1
2
=
f
K
6 . 1
2
=
fs
K

( )( ) 4 . 2 6 . 1 9 . 1 8 . 0 8 . 0
2 1
= = =
f f f
K K K
( )( ) 7 . 1 6 . 1 3 . 1 8 . 0 8 . 0
2 1
= = =
fs fs fs
K K K
Page 55 of 76
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
( )
( )
psi
d
Q
s
m
101
750 . 2
598 4 4
2 2
= = =

( )
( )
psi
d
M
s
C
a
2781
750 . 2
5678 32 32
3 3
= = =

( )
( )( )
psi s
e
7920
85 . 0
2781 4 . 2
101
482 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
( )
( )
psi
d
T
s
ms
3976
750 . 2
237 , 16 16 16
3 3
= = =

0 =
as
s
( ) psi s
es
2683 0 3976
482 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
000 , 56 577 . 0
2683
000 , 56
7920 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

6 = N

at D: in in r 0625 . 0
16
1
= =
in d 953 . 2 =
in in D 375 . 3
8
3
3 = =
02 . 0
953 . 2
0625 . 0
= =
d
r

14 . 1
953 . 2
375 . 3
= =
d
D

Figure AF 12
4 . 2 =
t f
K K
6 . 1 =
ts fs
K K
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
a f
m
y
n
e
+ =
Page 56 of 76
( )
( )
psi
d
Q
s
m
3 . 87
953 . 2
598 4 4
2 2
= = =

( )
( )
psi
d
M
s
C
a
2284
953 . 2
5773 32 32
3 3
= = =

( )
( )( )
psi s
e
6508
85 . 0
2284 4 . 2
3 . 87
482 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
SF
s K
s
s
s
s
as fs
ms
ys
ns
es
+ =
( )
( )
psi
d
T
s
ms
3211
953 . 2
237 , 16 16 16
3 3
= = =

0 =
as
s
( ) psi s
es
2167 0 3211
482 . 1
1
= + |
\
|
=
2
1
2 2
577 . 0
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
n
es
n
e
s
s
s
s
N

( )
2
1
2 2
000 , 56 577 . 0
2167
000 , 56
6508 1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
N

5 . 7 = N

TRANSVERSE DEFLECTIONS

494. The forces on the 2-in. steel shaft shown are kips A 2 = , kips C 4 = . Determine
the maximum deflection and the shafts slope at D.

Problems 494-496
Solution:

Page 57 of 76
[ ] 0 =
B
M
( ) ( ) 15 4 25 10 2 = + D
kips D 6 . 1 =
[ ] 0 =
v
F
D B C A + = +
6 . 1 4 2 + = + B
kips B 4 . 4 =

Shear Diagram

Moment Diagram

4
64
D E
M
EI
M
=

A B C D
( ) kip in M 0 -20 16 0
4 4
10 D
EI
M
|
\
|
0 -135.8 108.6 0

Page 58 of 76
Scale in in s
s
10 =

EI
M
, Scale in per
D
s
EI
M 4
4
10 200

=

Slope , Scale in rad D s
4
2 . 0 =

y deflection, Scale in in D s
y
4
0 . 2 =

Deflection:
At A: in
D
y
A 4
625 . 0
=
Page 59 of 76
At C: in
D
y
C 4
375 . 0
=
Slope:
At A: rad
D
4
075 . 0
=
At B: rad
D
4
0125 . 0
=
At D: rad
D
4
05625 . 0
=

Maximum deflection:
( )
in y y
A
04 . 0
2
625 . 0
4
= = =
Shafts slope at D
( )
rad 0035 . 0
2
05625 . 0
4
= =

495. The forces on the steel shaft shown are kips A 2 = , kips C 4 = . Determine the
constant shaft diameter that corresponds to a maximum deflection of 0.006 in. at
section C.

Solution:
(see Problem 494)
006 . 0
375 . 0
4
= =
D
y
C

in D 812 . 2 =
say in D
8
7
2 =
496. The forces on the steel shaft shown are kips A 2 = , kips C 4 = . Determine a
constant shaft diameter that would limit the maximum deflection at section A to
0.003 in.

Solution:
(see Problem 494)
003 . 0
625 . 0
4
= =
D
y
A

in D 80 . 3 =
say in D
8
7
3 =

497. A steel shaft is loaded as shown and supported in bearings at
1
R and
2
R .
Determine (a) the slopes at the bearings and (b) the maximum deflection.
Page 60 of 76

Problem 497
Solution:
[ ]
= 0
1 R
M
( ) ( )
2
8
7
2
4
1
2
8
7
1
4
1
2
8
7
2100
8
1
1
8
7
3000 R |
\
|
+ + + = |
\
|
+ + |
\
|
+
lb R 444
2
=
[ ]
= 0 F
3000 2100
2 1
= + + R R
3000 2100 444
1
= + R
lb R 1344
1
=

Loading

Shear Diagram

Moment Diagram

Page 61 of 76

lb in M
A
= 0
( ) lb in M
B
= |
\
|
= 1176
8
7
1344
( ) lb in M
C
= |
\
|
+ = 2688
8
1
1
8
7
1134
( ) lb in M
D
= |
\
|
= 825
8
1
1 1656 2688
( )( ) lb in M
E
= = 831 1 1656 825
( )( ) lb in M
F
= + = 387 1 444 831
( ) lb in M
G
= |
\
|
+ = 0
8
7
444 387

A B
1
B
2
C D
1
D
2
E F
1
F
2
G
( ) kips in M 0 1.18 1.18 2.69 0.83 0.83 -0.83 -0.39 -0.39 0
( ) in D 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
( )( )
4
10
EI
M
0 1.58 0.50 1.14 0.35 0.60 -0.60 -0.28 -0.52 0

Scale in in s
s
2 =

Page 62 of 76
EI
M
, Scale in per
D
s
EI
M 4
4
10 2

=

4 4
10 4

=

y
4 4
10 8

=

(a) Slopes at the bearings

at
1
R , ( ) rad
A
4 4
10 5 . 1 10 4 375 . 0

= =
at
2
R , rad
G
0 =

(b) Maximum deflection

at C, ( ) in y
C
4 4
10 5 . 1 10 8 1875 . 0

= =

Page 63 of 76
498. (a) Determine the diameter of the steel shaft shown if the maximum deflection is
to be 0.01 in.; kips C 5 . 1 = , kips A 58 . 1 = , in L 24 = . (b) What is the slope of the
shaft at bearing D? See 479.

Problems 498, 505, 506.
Solution:
Vertical

[ ]
= 0
D
M
( ) ( )
v
E 24 424 . 0 8 5 . 1 6 = +
kip E
v
516 . 0 =
[ ]
= 0
v
F
v v
E D + = + 5 . 1 424 . 0
516 . 0 5 . 1 424 . 0 + = +
v
D
kip D
v
592 . 1 =

Shear Diagram

0 =
C
M ; ( ) kips in M
D
= = 9 5 . 1 6
( ) kips in M
B
= + = 264 . 8 092 . 0 8 9
Page 64 of 76
( ) kips in M
A
= + = 588 . 2 516 . 0 11 264 . 8
( ) 0 516 . 0 5 588 . 2 = + =
E
M

C D B A E
( ) kips in M
0 -9 -8.264 -2.588 0
( )
4 4
10 D
EI
M

0 -61.1 -56.1 -17.6 0

Scale in in s
s
8 =

EI
M
, Scale in per
D
s
EI
M 4
4
10 120

=

4
096 . 0 =

Page 65 of 76
y
4
768 . 0 =

Deflections.
in
D
y
v
C 4
384 . 0
=
in
D
y
v
B 4
288 . 0
=
in
D
y
v
A 4
168 . 0
=
Slope
rad
D
v
D 4
057 . 0
=
Horizontal

[ ]
= 0
D
M
( ) ( ) 58 . 1 19 24 424 . 0 8 = +
h
E
kip E
h
1095 . 1 =
[ ]
= 0
h
F
58 . 1 424 . 0 = + +
h h
E D
58 . 1 424 . 0 1095 . 1 = + +
h
D
Page 66 of 76
kip D
h
0465 . 0 =
Shear Diagram

Moments
0 =
C
M
0 =
D
M
( ) kip in M
B
= = 372 . 0 0465 . 0 8
( ) kips in M
A
= + = 5475 . 5 4705 . 0 11 372 . 0
( ) 0 1095 . 1 5 5475 . 5 = + =
E
M

C D B A E
( ) kips in M
0 0 -0.372 -5.5475 0
( )
4 4
10 D
EI
M

0 0 -2.53 -37.7 0

Scale in in s
s
8 =

EI
M
, Scale in per
D
s
EI
M 4
4
10 4

=

4
032 . 0 =

Page 67 of 76

y
4
256 . 0 =

Deflections.
in
D
y
h
C 4
064 . 0
=
in
D
y
h
B 4
072 . 0
=
in
D
y
h
A 4
096 . 0
=
Slope
rad
D
h
D 4
012 . 0
=

Resultant deflection:
( )
2
1
2 2
v h
y y y + =
( ) ( ) [ ]
4 4
2
1
2 2
390 . 0 384 . 0 064 . 0
D D
y
C
=
+
=
( ) ( ) [ ]
4 4
2
1
2 2
297 . 0 288 . 0 072 . 0
D D
y
B
=
+
=
( ) ( ) [ ]
4 4
2
1
2 2
194 . 0 168 . 0 096 . 0
D D
y
A
=
+
=
Slope:
Page 68 of 76
( )
2
1
2 2
v h
+ =
( ) ( ) [ ]
rad
D D
D 4 4
2
1
2 2
05823 . 0 057 . 0 012 . 0
=
+
=

(a) Diameter D.
Maximum deflection = in
D
y
C
01 . 0
390 . 0
4
= =
in D 50 . 2 =

(b) slope of the shaft at bearing D
( )
rad
D
D
0015 . 0
5 . 2
05823 . 0 05823 . 0
4 4
= = =

CRITICAL SPEED

499. A small, high-speed turbine has a single disk, weighing 0.85 lb., mounted at the
midpoint of a 0.178-in. shaft, whose length between bearings is 6 in. What is
the critical speed if the shaft is considered as simply supported?
Solution:

Table AT 2
( )( )
( )
( )
in
EI
WL
y 052634 . 0
64
178 . 0
10 30 3
5 . 6 85 . 0
3
4
6
3 3
=
(
= =

( )
rpm
y
g
Wy
Wy g
n
o
o
c
818
052634 . 0
386 30 30 30
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
=
(
=
(
=
(
(

500. The bearings on a 1 -in. shaft are 30 in. apart. On the shaft are three 300-lb
disks, symmetrically placed 7.5 in. apart. What is the critical speed of the shaft?

Solution:

Page 69 of 76

Table AT 2
Deflection of B.
3 2 1
B B B B
y y y y + + =
( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
B
01273 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
5 . 7 5 . 22 30 5 . 7 5 . 22 300
4
6
2 2 2
1
=
(

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
B
01556 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
5 . 7 15 30 5 . 7 15 300
4
6
2 2 2
2
=
(

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
B
00990 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
5 . 7 5 . 7 30 5 . 7 5 . 7 300
4
6
2 2 2
3
=
(

in y
B
03819 . 0 01556 . 0 00990 . 0 01273 . 0 = + + =

Deflection of C.
3 2 1
C C C C
y y y y + + =
( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
C
01556 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
15 30 5 . 7 30 15 30 5 . 7 300
4
6
2 2 2
1
=
(

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
C
02264 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
15 30 15 30 15 30 15 300
4
6
2 2 2
2
=
(

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
C
01556 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
15 5 . 7 30 15 5 . 7 300
4
6
2 2 2
3
=
(

in y
C
05376 . 0 01556 . 0 02264 . 0 01556 . 0 = + + =
Deflection of D.
3 2 1
D D D D
y y y y + + =
Page 70 of 76
( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
D
00990 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
5 . 22 30 5 . 7 30 5 . 22 30 5 . 7 300
4
6
2 2 2
1
=
(

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
D
01556 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
5 . 22 30 15 30 5 . 22 30 15 300
4
6
2 2 2
2
=
(

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
D
01273 . 0
30
64
5 . 1
10 30 6
5 . 22 5 . 7 30 5 . 22 5 . 7 300
4
6
2 2 2
3
=
(

in y
D
03819 . 0 01273 . 0 01556 . 0 00990 . 0 = + + =
( )
( )
2
1
2 2 2
2
1
2
30 30
(
+ +
+ +
=
(
(
D C B
D C B o
o
c
y y y
y y y g
Wy
Wy g
n

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
rpm n
c
888
03819 . 0 05376 . 0 03819 . 0
03819 . 0 05376 . 0 03819 . 0 386 30
2
1
2 2 2
=
)
`
+ +
+ +
=

501. A fan for an air-conditioning unit has two 50-lb. rotors mounted on a 3-in. steel
shaft, each being 22 in. from an end of the shaft which is 80 in. long and simply
supported at the ends. Determine (a) the deflection curve of the shaft considering
its weight as well as the weight of the rotors, (b) its critical speed.

Solution:

lb W 50
1
=
lb W 50
3
=
( ) ( ) ( ) lb W 160 80 3
4
284 . 0
2
2
= |
\
|
=

weight of shaft
in lb w 2
80
160
2
= =
Deflection of B.
3 2 1
B B B B
y y y y + + =
Page 71 of 76
( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
B
002844 . 0
80
64
35
10 30 6
22 58 80 22 50 50
4
6
2 2 2
1
=
(

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
B
002296 . 0
80
64
3
10 30 6
22 22 80 22 22 50
4
6
2 2 2
3
=
(

( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
in y
B
006843 . 0
64
3
10 30 6
22 22 80 2 80 22 2
4
6
3 2 3
2
=
(

in y
B
011983 . 0 002296 . 0 006843 . 0 002844 . 0 = + + =

Deflection of C.
3 2 1
C C C C
y y y y + + =
( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
C
003317 . 0
80
64
35
10 30 6
40 80 22 80 40 80 22 50
4
6
2 2 2
1
=
(

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
in y
C
003317 . 0
80
64
3
10 30 6
40 22 80 40 22 50
4
6
2 2 2
3
=
(

( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
in y
C
008942 . 0
64
3
10 30 6
40 40 80 2 80 40 2
4
6
3 2 3
2
=
(

in y
C
015576 . 0 003317 . 0 008942 . 0 003317 . 0 = + + =

By symmetry
in y y
B D
011983 . 0 = =

(a) Deflection curve

Page 72 of 76
(b) Critical speed

( )
2
1
2
30
(
(
Wy
Wy g
n
o
c

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 69046 . 3 011983 . 0 50 015576 . 0 160 011983 . 0 50 = + + =
Wy
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 053177 . 0 011983 . 0 50 015576 . 0 160 011983 . 0 50
2 2 2
2
= + + =
Wy
( )
rpm n
c
1563
053177 . 0
69046 . 3 386 30
2
1
=
(

ASME CODE

502. A cold-rolled transmission shaft, made of annealed AISI C1050, is to transmit a
torque of 27 in-kips with a maximum bending moment of 43 in-kips. What
should be the diameter according to the Code for a mild shock load?

Solution:
For AISI C1050, annealed
ksi s
y
53 =
ksi s
u
92 =
ksi s
y
9 . 15 3 . 0 =
ksi s
u
56 . 16 18 . 0 =
use ksi s
y d
9 . 15 3 . 0 = =
kips in M = 43
kips in T = 27
( )
( )
( )
2
1
2
2
2
4
3
8
1
1
16
(
(
|
|
\
| +
+ +
=
B FD
M K T K
B
D
m s
d

Reduce to
( )
( ) ( ) [ ]
2
1
2 2
4
3
1
16
M K T K
B
D
m s
d
+

For mild shock load, rotating shafts
75 . 1 =
m
K
25 . 1 =
s
K
0 = B
( )
( )( ) [ ] ( )( ) [ ] { }
2
1
2 2 3
000 , 43 75 . 1 000 , 27 25 . 1
900 , 15
16
+ =
D
in D 98 . 2 =
say in D 3 =
Page 73 of 76

503. A machinery shaft is to transmit 82 hp at a speed of 1150 rpm with mild shock.
The shaft is subjected to a maximum bending moment of 7500 in-lb. and an axial
thrust load of 15,000 lb. The material is AISI 3150, OQT 1000 F. (a) What
should be the diameter when designed according to the Code? (b) Determine the
corresponding conventional factor of safety (static-approach and maximum-shear
theory).

Solution:

For AISI 3150, OQT 1000 F
ksi s
y
130 =
ksi s
u
151 =
ksi s
y
39 3 . 0 =
ksi s
u
18 . 27 18 . 0 =
use ksi s
u d
18 . 27 18 . 0 = =
( )
lb in T = = 4492
1150
82 63000

lb in M = 7500
lb F 000 , 15 =

(a)
( )
( )
( )
2
1
2
2
2
4
3
8
1
1
16
(
(
|
|
\
| +
+ +
=
B FD
M K T K
B
D
m s
d

For mild shock load
75 . 1 =
m
K
25 . 1 =
s
K
0 = B
1 =
( )
( )( ) [ ] ( )( )
( )( )
2
1
2
2 3
8
000 , 15 1
7500 75 . 1 4492 25 . 1
27180
16
+ + =
D
D

[ ] { }
2
1
2 3
875 . 1 125 . 13 53 . 31 1874 . 0 D D + + =
in D 4668 . 1 =
say in D 5 . 1 =

(b)
( )
( )
( )
( )
ksi psi
D
F
D
M
s 124 . 31 124 , 31
5 . 1
000 , 15 4
5 . 1
7500 32 4 32
2 3 2 3
= = + = + =

Page 74 of 76
( )
( )
ksi psi
D
T
s
s
7785 . 6 5 . 6778
5 . 1
4492 16 16
3 3
= = = =

(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
2 2
1
ys
s
y
s
s
s
s
N

Maximum shear theory
y ys
s s 5 . 0 =
( )
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
2
2
130 5 . 0
7785 . 6
130
124 . 31 1
N

83 . 3 = N

504. short stub shaft, made of SAE 1035, as rolled, receives 30 hp at 300 rpm via a
12-in. spur gear, the power being delivered to another shaft through a flexible
coupling. The gear is keyed midway between the bearings and its pressure angle
o
20 = . See the figure for 471. (a) Neglecting the radial component of the tooth
load, determine the shaft diameter for a mild shock load. (b) Considering both
tangential and radial components, compute the shaft diameter. (c) Is the
difference in the foregoing results enough to change your choice of the shaft
size?

Solution:

Figure for 471.

For SAE 1035, as rolled
ksi s
y
55 =
ksi s
u
85 =
ksi s
y
5 . 16 3 . 0 =
ksi s
u
3 . 15 18 . 0 =
use ksi s
u d
3 . 15 18 . 0 = =
Page 75 of 76

Data are the same as 471.
From Problem 471.

(a) kips in lb in M = = 2 . 4 4200
kips in lb in T = = 3 . 6 6300
( )
( )
( )
2
1
2
2
2
4
3
8
1
1
16
(
(
|
|
\
| +
+ +
=
B FD
M K T K
B
D
m s
d

Reduce to
( )
( ) ( ) [ ]
2
1
2 2
4
3
1
16
M K T K
B
D
m s
d
+

For mild shock load, rotating shafts
75 . 1 =
m
K
25 . 1 =
s
K
0 = B
( )
( )( ) [ ] ( )( ) [ ] { }
2
1
2 2 3
2 . 4 75 . 1 3 . 6 25 . 1
3 . 15
16
+ =
D
in D 5306 . 1 =
say in D
16
9
1 =

(b) kips in lb in M = = 472 . 4 4472
kips in lb in T = = 3 . 6 6300
( )
( )( ) [ ] ( )( ) [ ] { }
2
1
2 2 3
472 . 4 75 . 1 3 . 6 25 . 1
3 . 15
16
+ =
D
in D 5461 . 1 =
say in D
16
9
1 =

(c) Not enough to change the shaft size.

505. Two bearings D and E, a distance in D 24 = . Apart, support a shaft for a punch
press on which are an 8-in. gear A, a 44-in. pulley B, and a flywheel C, as
indicated (498). Weight of flywheel is 1500 lb.; pulley B receives the power at an
angle of 45
o
to the right of the vertical; gear A delivers it horizontally to the right.
The maximum power is 25 hp at 250 rpm is delivered, with heavy shock. For
cold-finish AISI 1137, find the diameter by the ASME Code.

Solution:
Page 76 of 76

Data and figure is the same as in Problem 479. Also figure is the same as in Problem 498.
For AISI 1137, cold-finished
ksi s
y
93 =
ksi s
u
103 =
ksi s
y
9 . 27 3 . 0 =
ksi s
u
54 . 18 18 . 0 =
use ksi s
u d
54 . 18 18 . 0 = =
From Problem 479
kips in lb in M M
B
= = = 343 . 14 343 , 14
kips in lb in T T
A
= = = 6 . 12 600 , 12
For heavy shock load
5 . 2 =
m
K
75 . 1 =
s
K
0 = B
( )
( )
( )
2
1
2
2
2
4
3
8
1
1
16
(
(
|
|
\
| +
+ +
=
B FD
M K T K
B
D
m s
d

( )
( ) ( ) [ ]
2
1
2 2
4
3
1
16
M K T K
B
D
m s
d
+

( )
( )( ) [ ] ( )( ) [ ] { }
2
1
2 2 3
343 . 14 5 . 2 6 . 12 75 . 1
54 . 18
16
+ =
D
in D 2613 . 2 =
say in D
16
5
2 =

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SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

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