Power Screw Sir G

POWER SCREWS REVIEW IN
MACHINE DESIGN
Prepared By:
Engr. Gilbert Mendoza ECE, ME
POWER SCREWS
Power Screws are used to move machine
parts against resisting forces, for
instance, in a screw-operated tensile-
testing machine, jack, press, or lead
screw of a lathe.
POWER SCREWS
DEFINITIONS
Pitch – is the axial distance between

adjacent threads
Lead – is the axial distance a thread
advances in one revolution.
Minor Diameter – is the smallest
diameter of the threads.
Pitch Diameter – mean of the major
and minor diameters.
Major Diameter – is the outside diameter of
the threads and is the nominal diameter
Axial Pitch
Axial Pitch is the distance, measured axially, from a point on one thread to
the corresponding point on an adjacent thread.
1
𝑃=
𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
Lead
Lead is the distance that a thread advances in one turn; it is the distance
the nut moves along the axis in one turn.
L = P(single thread)
L = 2P(double thread)
L = 3P(triple thread)
Lead Angle
Lead Angle is the angle between a tangent to the pitch helix and a plane
normal to the axis of the screw
𝐿
λ = tan−1
π𝐷𝑚
TORQUE TO OVERCOME COLLAR FRICTION
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑓𝑐 𝑊𝑅𝑐
𝐷𝑐
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑓𝑐 𝑊
2
𝑅𝑜 + 𝑅𝑖
2
𝐷𝑜 + 𝐷𝑖
4
TORQUE TO TURN THE SCREW
𝑊𝐷𝑚
𝑇𝑓 = tan λ ± 𝛽
2
𝐿 + Raising the Load

−1
λ = tan - Lowering the Load
π𝐷𝑚
𝑓 Thread Angle (ɸ)

β = tan−1 Square (45°)
cos ∅ ACME (14.5°)
Trapezoidal (15°)
American (30°)
Buttress (45°)
MEAN DIAMETER OF SCREW
Where:
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑜 − ℎ 𝐷𝑚 = mean diameter
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑜 + ℎ 𝐷𝑜 = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐷𝑟 = 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑
h h (from Faires)
Square Thread 0.5p 7/16 p
ACME/ Trapezoidal
0.5p+0.25mm 0.5p
Thread
Buttress Thread 0.75p 0.663p

TOTAL TORQUE REQUIRED
T = 𝑇𝑓 + 𝑇𝐶
Where:
𝑇 = total torque
𝑇𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 on the threads
𝑇𝑐 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
POWER INPUT OF THE SCREW
𝑁𝑇 𝑁𝑇
𝑃𝑖 = 2π𝑁𝑇 = =
6305 9.549 × 106
Where:
𝑇 = total torque
𝑁 = 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
POWER OUTPUT OF THE SCREW
𝑃𝑂 = WV
Where:
𝑊 = load
𝑉 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑁𝐿
𝑃𝑜 = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
EFFICIENCY
𝑃𝑂 𝑊𝑉
𝐸= =
𝑃𝑖 2π𝑁𝑇
tan λ cos ∅ − 𝑓 tan λ

𝐸=
𝑓𝑐 𝐷𝐶
tan λ cos ∅ + 𝑓 cos ∅ + 𝐷 cos ∅ − 𝑓 tan λ
𝑚
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
1
What is the frictional Hp acting on a collar loaded with 100 kg weight?
The collar has an outside diameter of 100 mm and an internal
diameter of 40 mm. The collar rotates at 1000 rpm and the coefficient
of friction between the collar and the pivot surface is 0.15.
2
A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 kN. The
screw has a major diameter of 36 mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The
coefficient of thread friction and collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10
respectively. If the collar mean diameter is 90 mm and the screw
turns at 60 rpm, find the axial linear speed of the screw.
3
turns at 60 rpm, find the power input to the screw.
4
turns at 60 rpm, find the combined efficiency of the screw and collar.
5
A double thread ACME thread screw driven by a motor at 400 rpm
raises the attached load of 900 kg at a speed of 10m/min. The screw
has pitch diameter of 36 mm. The coefficient of friction on threads is
0.15. The friction torque on the thrusts bearing of the motor is taken
to be 20% of the total torque point input. Determine the motor power
required to operate the screw.
6
A single bolt is used to lap join two steel bars together. Tensile force
on the bars is 20 kN. Determine the diameter of the bolt required if
the allowable shearing stress on it is 69 MPa.
WORKING STRENGTH OF BOLTS
The following empirical formula was
established for the working strength of
bolts used for packed joints or joints
where the elasticity of a gasket is greater
than the elasticity of the studs or bolts.
𝑊 = 𝜎𝑡 0.55𝐷2 − 0.25𝐷
Where:
𝑊 = working strength of bolt or permissible load, in pounds, after
allowance is made for initial load due to tightening, lbs;
𝜎𝑡 = allowable working stress in tension, pounds per square inch; and
D = nominal outside diameter of stud or bolt, inches.
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
1
What is the working strength of a 2” bolt which is screwed up tightly
in a packed jointly when the allowable working stress 12,000 psi?
2
What is the working strength of 1 inch bolt which is screwed up
tightly in packed joint when the allowable working stress is 13000
psi.
STRESS INDUCED IN BOLTS
𝑆𝑤 = 𝐶𝐴0.418
𝑟
𝑆𝑦 0.50
𝑆𝑑 = 𝐴𝑠
FROM VALLANCE
6
Where: FROM FAIRES
𝑆𝑤 = permissible working stress (psi) Where:
𝐴𝑟 = stress area (Vallance) (𝑖𝑛2 ) 𝑆𝑑 = design tensile stress (psi)
C = bolt constant 𝑆𝑦 = yield strength in tension (psi)
C = 10000 for bronze 𝐴𝑠 = stress area (𝑖𝑛2 )
C = 5000 for carbon steel
C = 1500 for alloy steel Note: 6 is not a factor of safety
APPLIED LOAD
𝐹𝑎 = 𝐶𝐴1.418
𝑟
𝑆𝑦 1.50
𝐹𝑎 = 𝐴𝑠
FROM VALLANCE
6
Where: FROM FAIRES
𝐹𝐴 = applied load (lb) Where:
𝐴𝑟 = stress area (Vallance) (𝑖𝑛2 ) 𝐹𝑎 = applied load (lb)
C = bolt constant 𝑆𝑦 = yield strength in tension (psi)
C = 10000 for bronze 𝐴𝑠 = stress area (𝑖𝑛2 )
C = 5000 for carbon steel
C = 1500 for alloy steel Note: 6 is not a factor of safety
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
1
The manhole cover of an ammonia storage tank is to be held by 24
stud bolts. If the pressure inside the storage tank will remain
constant at 12.5 kg per sq cm and the manhole diameter is 508 mm.
What would be the stress area if the load will be proportional carried
by the bolts. Disregard elastic limit of material.
2
What weight in pounds can be lifted by a screw that has an efficiency
of 80% if it is operated by a 50 lb force at the end of the 30 inched
lever and the pitch of the screw is ½ inch?
SET SCREW
TORQUE TRANSMITTED BY A SINGLE SET-SCREW (in-lb)
𝑇 = 1250𝐷𝑑2.3
DIAMETER OF A SCREW (in)
POWER TRANSMITTED BY A SINGLE SET-SCREW (hp) 𝑑 = 0.125𝐷

4
𝐷 𝐷𝑁𝑑2.3 𝑛
𝑃= N 𝑃=
4.6 50
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
1
A set screw is necessary to fastened a pulley to a 2 in. shaft while
transmit 3 hp and rotates at 150 rpm? What is the typical size of set
screw in practice?
2
Compute how many 3/8 inch diameter set screws required to
transmit 3 Hp at a shaft speed of 1000 rpm. The shaft diameter is 1
inch.
THANK YOU !
BY: ENGR. GILBERT MENDOZA ECE, ME

Power Screw Sir G

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Power Screw Sir G

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Power Screw Sir G

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

POWER SCREWS REVIEW IN

Pitch – is the axial distance between

𝐿 + Raising the Load

𝑓 Thread Angle (ɸ)

Square Thread 0.5p 7/16 p

Buttress Thread 0.75p 0.663p

tan λ cos ∅ − 𝑓 tan λ

POWER TRANSMITTED BY A SINGLE SET-SCREW (hp) 𝑑 = 0.125𝐷

You might also like