LEONIDES S.

VIRATA MEMORIAL SCHOOL

De La Salle Supervised School

Rio Tuba, Bataraza, Palawan

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

A Requirement in

Science and Technology III

Presented to:

Mrs. Marilou A. Madalogdog

Subject Teacher

Presented by:

Elijah Daniel B. Geanga

Microscope
 No part of this project is covered by the copyright hereon may be

reproduced and or used in any form or by any means -- graphic, electronic or

mechanical -- without written permission of the publisher.

The reason that I make an improvise microscope so that I can magnify minute

things, can saved resource and I can economize resources instead of buying compound

microscope.The purpose of water drop microscope is to observe more accurately

objects which are so minute that they can’t be seen clearly with the naked eye.

Microscope is a device that uses a lens or system of lenses to produce a greatly

magnified image of an object. In this project we will use the presence of water drop as

the lens. The problem that connects in this project is “does a water drop microscope can

observe more accurately objects which are so minute that they can’t be seen clearly

with the naked eye.” The answer or hypothesis in the said problem is “yes, I think that it

can observe more accurately objects which are so minute that they can’t be seen clearly

with the naked eye. With this part the prime objective of this project is to enhance the

knowledge and patience. The concept involved in this project is sufficient to observe

general details in the structure of a microscopic organism: pollen grains, detailed parts

of an insect or plant cells.

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 Table of Contents

Introduction.......................................................................................................................4

Review of Related Literature............................................................................................6

• Definitions of Terms ...................................................................................6

• Parts of the Compound Microscope............................................................7

• Significance of the Study............................................................................9

Methodology..................................................................................................................10

• Materials...................................................................................................10

• Procedure.................................................................................................10

• How to use the microscope......................................................................11

• Figures......................................................................................................12

• How to test................................................................................................12

Data and Results............................................................................................................13

• (Specimen) Onion Skin.............................................................................13

• (Specimen) Small Letter e.........................................................................14

• (Specimen) Ant.........................................................................................14

Bibliography....................................................................................................................15

Recommendations..........................................................................................................16

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 Review of Related Studies

Microscope is an instrument used to obtain a magnified image of minute objects

or minute details of objects. There are two kinds of microscope that are common today

like optical microscope and electron microscope. An optical microscope uses

transmitted or reflected light to obtain the image. An electron microscope uses a beam

of electrons and a system of electron-focusing lenses to obtain images.

Many findings like water drop microscope forming a double convex lens from an

aperture of about 3mm diameter would produce a magnification roughly about 100x,

microscope made up from scraps found around the house that surprisingly powerful,

capable of showing not only individual cells, but the nuclei inside the cells and

microscope made of recycled materials that is relevant to my problem. My microscope

is related to optical microscope and electron microscope because it can also magnify

minute things. Only water drop microscope is the easiest to make and cheapest but it is

successful. I can say that it has intended result because it can magnify minute things.

Definition of Terms

1. obtain [ob táyn] - to get possession of something, especially by making an effort or

having necessary qualifications

2. minute [m ῑ nòot] - extremely small in size or scope

3. electrons [i lék tròns] - a stable negatively charged elementary particle with a small

mass that is a fundamental constituent of matter and orbits the nucleus of an atom

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4. optical [óptik'l] - belonging or relating to the sense of sight

5. beam [beem] - a narrow line of light

6. microscope [mΐkrə skṑp] - a magnifying instrument that focuses light or other

radiation through one or more lenses to form a magnified

image of a specimen

7. convex [kón vèks] - having a surface that curves outward rather than inward

8. aperture [áppər chòor] - a small narrow opening

9. nuclei [nòoklee ΐ] - a central or most important item or part that has others grouped or

built around it.

10. scraps [skraps] - waste material

Parts of the Microscope

1. eyepiece - the part you look through contains lenses to increase magnification

2. body tube - holds lenses of eyepieces and objectives at the correct distance from

each other

3. coarse adjustment - moves the body tube up and down very rapidly

4. fine adjustment - permits exact focusing by moving the stage or the body tube up or

down very slightly

5. arm/pillar - supports the body tube and the coarse adjustment

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6. nosepiece - allows the shift from low-power to high-power objectives

7. objectives - contains lenses of different magnifications: shorter (low-power) objective

is 10x; the longer (high-power) objective 40x

8. dust shield - protects the lenses from dust

9. stage - supports the slide over the hole that admits light from the mirror below

10. diaphragm - regulates the amount of light passing through whatever you are looking

at

11. stage clips - holds the slide in place

12. base - supports the weight of the microscope

13. mirror - reflects the light upward through the diaphragm and the hole in the stage

14. inclination joint - allows the tilting of the microscope

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 Significance of the Study

The connotation of my study is I can view minute things and instead of buying

compound microscope that is expensive I use cheap materials and other recycled

materials. It is important to save or economize resources.

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 Methodology

Materials:

 A flat piece of wood 1” x 4” x 6”

 A piece of plywood 3” x 4”

 A piece of wood 1” x 2” x 6”

 A piece of clear glass

 Ordinary window glass 2 inches square

 A rectangular or round mirror

 A piece of wire

 Plastic cover of pomade which fits mirror

 A piece of tin cut from a salmon can 1 inch wide and 2 inches long

 Thumbtacks

Procedure:

1. Make a round or square hole on the piece of plywood ½ inch square or ½ inch in

diameter.

2. By means of thumbtacks place the glass squarely over the hole. This will serve

as the platform.
 3. Prepare the microscope stand.

4. Twist a piece of wire and fit the ends on the circumference of the plastic cover

containing the mirror.

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5. Make a small hole 1 ½ inches below the platform on the post and place the

mirror with wire handle so that it is directly under the hole of the platform.

6. Make a hole in the center of the tin piece with 1 inch finishing nail and smooth the

edges with a file. See to it that it is very round.

7. Fold the edges of the tin piece.

How to Use the Microscope:

1. Choose a specimen to observe like the leg of a fly or a strand of hair and place it

on the glass above the hole.

2. Set the mirror so that the reflected light is directed toward the hole above.

3. Place the piece of tin (eye-piece) above the specimen).

4. Dip a pencil point into a cup of clear water and place the drop on the hole of tin

piece.

5. Locate the specimen through the hole with a water drop on. To obtain a clear

view, focus on the object by pressuring the tin piece slightly. Patient focusing
 may be needed to see the object clearly. (The water-drop microscope magnifies

up to 100 times).

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Figures:

Side View Top View

How to test:

After making the microscope, the researcher will ask somebody to rate the

specimen seen if it is clear, very clear, extremely clear, not clear and moderately clear.

Rating Description
1 extremely clear

2 very clear

3 moderately clear

4 clear

5 not clear
 Onion Skin Small Letter e Ant

Rating: ___________ Rating: ______________ Rating: ______________

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Data and Results

To rate, please use the guidelines below:

Rating Description
1 extremely clear

2 very clear

3 moderately clear

4 clear

5 not clear

Onion Skin

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________

Rating: (no.) _______ (in words) ______________________ Time: _______________

Comments/Suggestions:__________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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Small Letter e

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________

Rating: (no.) _______ (in words) ______________________ Time: _______________

Comments/Suggestions:__________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Ant

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________

Rating: (no.) _______ (in words) ______________________ Time: _______________

Comments/Suggestions:__________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
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Bibliography

Microsoft® Encarta® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Lourdes A. Cabanding. Science and Technology: II Biology. Philippines: FNB

Educational, Inc. page 7

Grolier Family Encyclopedia. Volume 12. page 336 - 337

A Manual for Improvised Science Equipment. General Science I and II Biology, Physics,

Chemistry et al. Teofidez E. Calvero et. al. Barrio Book Foundation, Inc., Quezon City.

1971. page 92 - 93.

Recommendations

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