Code No: RR310303 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) A steam generator delivers steam at 100 bar, 5000 C. The feed water inlet
temperature is 1600 C. The steam generation rate is 100,000 kg/hr and the
steam generator efficiency is 88%. Determine:
i. The fuel burning rate in kg/hr, if the calorific value of the fuel is 21 MJ/kg,
ii. The percentage of total heat absorbed in the economizer, evaporator and
superheater. Assume that only latent heat is absorbed in the evaporator
and neglect any pressure drop.
(b) What are the functions of Blow off Cock and Feed Check Valve? [10+6]

2. (a) What do you mean by critical pressure ratio for the bozzle.
(b) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 8 bar enters a convergent-divergent nozzle
and leaves it at a pressure of 1.5 Bar. If the flow is isentropic and corresponding
find ratio of cross sectional area at exit and throat for max. discharge. [4+12]

3. (a) Explain the working principle of counter flow jet condenser with neat sketch?
and discuss the merits and demerits.
(b) Determine the area at throat and at the exit, and also the velocity at the
exit for the given mass flow rate of 0.2 kg/s. The inlet conditions are 10 bar
pressure and 2750 C temperature and the exit pressure is 2 bar. Assume that
the expansion is isentropic and that the inlet velocity is negligible. [8+8]

4. In a Delaval turbine, the steam issues from the nozzles with a velocity of 850m/s.
the nozzle angle is 200 . Mean blade velocity is 350m/s.the blades are equiangular.
The mass flow rate is 1000kg/min.friction factor is 0.8.determine:

(a) Blade angles

(b) Axial thrust on the end bearing
(c) Power developed in kW
(d) Blade efficiency
(e) Stage efficiency, if nozzle efficiency is 93% [16]

5. (a) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various meth-
ods of compounding steam turbines?
(b) Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
[10+6]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 1
6. (a) The following data is refers to a closed cycle gas turbine plant
Atmospheric Air temperature 270 C
Maximum temperature of the cycle 8230 C
Pressure at compressor inlet 1 bar
Pressure ratio 4
Compressor efficiency 80%
Turbine efficiency 85%
Heating value of fuel 41,800 kJ/Kg
Turbine efficiency 80%
Heater loss 10% of Heating value

Find.
i. Work ratio
ii. Turbine work
iii. Compressor work
iv. Heat supplied Assume the working substance is Air ,regard as simple gas
with Cp = 1 KJ/Kg 0 K and γ = 1.4
(b) What is “regeneration ” in gas turbines. [12+4]

7. (a) Explain with a neat sketch a Turbo-jet Unit.

(b) What are the fundamental differences between jet propulsion and rocket propul-
sion? [10+6]

8. (a) Where is rocket propulsion is used? What are the kinds of rocket propellants?
(b) Describe a liquid propellant rocket engine with a neat sketch. [12+4]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) State the uses of steam produced by the boilers.

(b) What are the basic process of Rankine cycle. Derive the expression for its
normal efficiency.
(c) How do boiler accessories differ from mountings? [4+8+4]

2. Determine throat area, exit area and exit velocity for a steam nozzle to pass a mass
flow rate of 0.2Kg/sec.when inlet conditions are 10 Bar and 2500 C and the final
pressure is 2 Bar. Assume that inlet velocity is negligible and flow is metastable
upto thrpat. [16]

3. (a) Explain the working of a ejector condenser.

(b) In a surface condenser the vacuum maintained is 700 mm of Hg. The Barome-
ter reads 754 mm of Hg. If the temperature of condensate is 180 C. Determine
i. Mass of air per Kg of the steam.
ii. vacuum efficiency. [6+10]

4. In a steam turbine, steam expands from an inlet condition of 7 bar and 3000 C
with an isentropic efficiency of 90%. The nozzle angle is 200 . The stage operates
at optimum blade speed ratio. The blade inlet angle is equal to the outlet angle.
Determine the blade angle. Determine the power output for a flow rate of 0.472
kg/sec. [16]

5. In a stage of impulse reaction turbine provided with single row wheel, the mean
diameter of the blades is 1metre.it turns at 3000r.p.m.the steam issues from the
nozzle at a velocity of 350m/sec and the nozzle angle is 200 . The rotor blades are
equiangular. The blade friction factor is 0.86.determine the power developed if the
axial thrust on the end bearing of a rotor is 118N. [16]

6. (a) The following data is refers to a closed cycle gas turbine plant
Atmospheric Air temperature 270 C
Maximum temperature of the cycle 8230 C
Pressure at compressor inlet 1 bar
Pressure ratio 4
Compressor efficiency 80%
Turbine efficiency 85%
Heating value of fuel 41,800 kJ/Kg
Turbine efficiency 80%

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 2
Heater loss 10% of Heating value

Find.
i. Work ratio
ii. Turbine work
iii. Compressor work
iv. Heat supplied Assume the working substance is Air ,regard as simple gas
with Cp = 1 KJ/Kg 0 K and γ = 1.4
(b) What is “regeneration ” in gas turbines. [12+4]

7. The speed of a jet propulsion unit is 210 m/s relative to still air. The total pressure
and total temperature at the intake to an uncooled compressor are 0.7 bar and
-1.110 C. The total temperature and total pressure of the gases entering the turbine
are 7600 C and 3.15 bar. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine
based on total head values are 85% and 80% respectively. The static backpressure
on the propulsion nozzle is 0.56 bar and the efficiency of the nozzle based on the
total pressure drop, available is 90%. Neglect other losses and mass increase due
to fuel consumed and calculate:

(a) The power required to drive the compressor per kg of air per second,
(b) The air-fuel ratio of the fuel has a heating value of 42000 KJ/kg.
(c) The total pressure of the gases leaving the turbine.
(d) The thrust per kg of air per second.
Take Cp =1.005 KJ/kg-K and γ = 1.4 for air and Cp =1.147 KJ/kg-K and γ
= 1.33 for gases. [16]

8. (a) Where is rocket propulsion is used? What are the kinds of rocket propellants?
(b) Describe a liquid propellant rocket engine with a neat sketch. [12+4]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What are the requirements of a good boiler?

(b) What are the advantages of water tube boiler compared to fire tube boiler?
(c) A boiler evaporates 3.6 kg of water per kg of coal into dry saturated steam at 10
bar. The temperature of feed water is 320 C. Find the equivalent evaporation
“from and at 1000 C” as well as the factor of evaporation. [4+4+8]

2. An adiabatic steam nozzle is to be designed for a discharge rate of 10 Kg/sec. of

steam from 10 Bar and 4000 C to a backpressure of 1 Bar. The nozzle efficiency
is 0.92 and the frictional loss is assumed to take place in diverging portion of the
nozzle only. Determine the throat and exit areas. [16]

3. (a) With help of neat sketch explain the working principle of Barometric jet con-
denser.
(b) With a line diagram explain the working of natural draught cooling tower.
[8+8]

4. In a single row impulse turbine the nozzle angle is 300 and the blade speed is
215 m/sec. The steam speed is 550 m/sec. The blade friction coefficient is 0.85.
assuming axial exit and a flow rate of 700 kg/hr, determine

(a) the blade angles ,

(b) the absolute velocity of steam at exit and
(c) the power output of the turbine. [16]

5. (a) what is the Parson’s Reaction turbine?

(b) A 50% reaction turbine (with symmetrical velocity triangles) running at 400
rpm has the exit angle of the blades as 20o and the velocity of steam relative
to the blades at the exit is 1.35 times the mean blade speed. The steam flow
rate is 8.33 kg/s and at a particular stage the specific volume is 1.381 m3/kg.
Calculate for this stage:
i. The suitable blade height, assuming the rotor mean diameter as 12 times
the blade height, and
ii. The diagram work. [6+10]

6. (a) Derive the expressions for the efficiency and specific work output for a simple
gas turbine cycle in terms of pressure ratio.
(b) What are the assumptions made in the analysis of ideal gas turbine cycle.

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 3
(c) How the performance of combustion chamber in gas turbine is given? [10+3+3]

7. In a jet propulsion unit air is drawn into the rotary compressor at 15o C and 1 bar
(Abs.) and delivered at 4 bar (Abs.). The isentropic efficiency of compression is
82% and the compression is uncooled. After delivery the air is heated at constant
pressure until the temperature reaches 7500 C. The air then passes through a turbine
unit, which drives the compressor only and has an isentropic efficiency of 78% before
passing through the nozzle and expanding to atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (Abs.)
with an efficiency of 88%
Neglecting any mass increase due to weight of the fuel and assuming that R andγ
are unchanged by combustion, determine:

(a) The power required to drive the compressor

(b) Air-fuel ratio if the fuel has calorific value of 42000 KJ/kg.
(c) The pressure of the gases leaving the turbine
(d) The thrust per kg of air per second.
Neglect any effect from the velocity of approach. Assume R = 0.287 KJ/ kg-K
and γ = 1.4 for air. [16]

8. Discuss the theory of the rocket engine. [16]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain in detail the working of locomotive boiler with the neat sketch.
(b) A boiler uses 18 kg air per kg of fuel. Determine the minimum height of chim-
ney required to produce a draught of 25 mm of water. The mean temperature
of chimney gases is 3150 C and that of outside air 270 C. [10+6]

2. A convergent divergent steam nozzle of throat area 150 mm2 is supplied with dry
and saturated steam at 1.2 MN/m2 . The expansion is supersaturated upto throat
and normal afterwards. The exit pressure is 0.1 MN/m2 , Find:

(a) degree of under cooling

(b) degree of supersaturation
(c) mass flow when the expansion were in thermal equilibrium
(d) mass flow when the expansion is in metastable and
(e) exit velocity. [16]

3. (a) What are the requirements of a good surface condenser?

(b) What are the merits and demerits of a surface condenser over jet condenser?
[6+10]

4. (a) Briefly explain the classification of steam turbines.

(b) Explain briefly why in multistage impulse turbines the first stage is often
Compounded for velocity and remaining stages have single row wheels?
[6+10]

5. (a) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various meth-
ods of compounding steam turbines?
(b) Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
[10+6]

6. A closed cycle gas turbine using Argon as the working fluid has a two compression
with perfect inter cooling. The overall pressure ratio is 9 and pressure ratio in
each stage is equal. Each stage has an isentropic efficiency of 85%. The turbine
is also two stage with equal pressure ratio with inter change reheat to original
temperature. Each turbine stage has an isentropic efficiency of 90%. The turbine
inlet temperature is 1100K and the compressor inlet is 303K. Find

(a) work done per kg of fluid flow

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 4
(b) work ratio
(c) The overall cycle efficiency.
The properties of argon are Cp= 0.5207kJ/kg 0 K,γ =1.667 and R=0.20813kJ/kg0 K
[16]

7. (a) What do you mean by jet propulsion? Explain the Various devices in a jet
propulsion unit.
(b) Prove that the propulsion of a rocket motor is obtained is
ηp = 2(Ca /Cje )/(1 + (Ca /Cje )2 )

Where Ca =flight speed

Cje =effective jet velocity of rocket motor. [6+10]

8. Discuss the theory of the rocket engine. [16]

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