Code No: RR312405 Set No.

1
III B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February -2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Draw the neat diagram of any four each, boiler mountings and accessories and
explain them.
(b) Super heated steam at 17.5 bar and 250o C enters the turbine of a Rankine
cycle plant with exhaust leaving 0.07 bar. When the plant is supplied with
300 kg/hr of fuel (cv=41850 kJ/kg), turbine develops 400 KW of power. Ne-
glecting pumpwork, make calculations for Rankine efficiency, actual thermal
efficiency and relative efficiency. [16]

2. (a) Derive an expression for the weight of steam discharged through a nozzle.
(b) Steam initially dry and at 10bar is expanded adiabatically to 0.7 bar. Find
the velocity of steam at exit and weight of steam discharges perhour assuming
a frictional loss of 10% of total drop in nozzle. Exit dia of nozzle is 13mm.
[16]

3. (a) Explain the working of a ejector condenser.

(b) In a surface condencer the vacuum maintained is 700 mm of Hg. The Barome-
ter reads 754 mm of Hg. If the temperature of condensate is 18o C. Determine
i. Mass of air per kg of the steam.
ii. Vacuum efficiency. [16]

4. (a) Obtain the derivation for optimum value of the blade speed ratio to steam
speed (for maximum efficiency) for a single stage impulse turbine.
(b) A single stage impulse turbine rotor has a diameter of 1.2m running at 3,000
rpm. The nozzle angle is 18o . Blade speed ratio is 0.42. The ratio of relative
velocity at outlet to inlet is 0.9. The outlet angle of Blade is 3o smaller then
the inlet angle. The steam flow rate is 5 kg/s. Draw the velocity diagram and
find whirl velocity, axial thrust, blade angle and power developed. [16]

5. (a) Explain the reheat factor and write why its magnitude is always greater than
unity.
(b) The outlet angle of the blade of a Parson’s turbine is 20o and the axial velocity
of flow of steam is 0.5 times the mean blade velocity. If the diameter of the ring
is 1.25m and the rotational speed is 3,000 rpm. Calculate the inlet angles of
blades. HP developed if dry saturated steam at 5 bar passes through the blade
whose height may be assumed as 6 cm. Neglect the effect of blade thickness.
[16]

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Code No: RR312405 Set No.1
6. (a) Obtain the derivation for isentropic efficiency of a constant pressure open gas
turbine.
(b) The air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine
at 1 bar and 200 C to 4 bar. Isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine
are 80% and 85% respectively. AF ratio is 90:1. If the flow rate of air is 3kg/s,
calculate the power developed and thermal efficiency of the cycle. [16]

7. (a) Explain in detail the schematic diagram and thermodynamic cycle of turbojet.
(b) Explain the working of solid and liquid propellant rocket engines. [16]

8. Write short notes on:

(a) Boiler draught

(b) Super saturated flow
(c) Applications of rockets
(d) Edward air pump. [16]

?????

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Code No: RR312405 Set No.2
III B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February -2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write the significance of the mean temperature and quality in the Rankine
cycle efficiency in detail.
(b) In an ideal Ranking cycle, super heated steam produced at 5 MPa and 5000 C
is fed to turbine and expands upto 10 KPa. If the net power output of the
plant is to be 20 MW, determine heat addition in the boiler per kg of water,
thermal efficiency of the cycle, steam flow rate in kg/s and mass flow rate of
cooling water in the condenser if condensing water enters at 250 C and leaves
at 350 C. [16]

2. (a) Derive an expression for the weight of steam discharged through a nozzle.
(b) Steam initially dry and at 10bar is expanded adiabatically to 0.7 bar. Find
the velocity of steam at exit and weight of steam discharged perhour assuming
a frictional loss of 10% of total drop in nozzle. Exit dia of nozzle is 13mm.
[16]
3. (a) What are the sources of air in the condenser and explain the effects of air
leakage in condenser.
(b) The outlet and inlet temperatures of cooling water to a condenser are 37.50 C
and 300 C respectively. If the vaccum in the Barometer is 706mm of mercury
with barometer reading is 760mm. Determine condenser efficiency. [16]

4. (a) Write the differences between impulse and reaction turbines.

(b) A simple impulse turbine has one ring of moving blades running at 150m/s.
The absolute velocity of steam at exit is 85m/s at an angle of 800 from the
tangential direction. Blade velocity coefficient is 0.82 and the rate of steam
flowing through the stage is 2.5 kg/s. If the blades are identical, calculate
blade angles, nozzle angle, absolute velocity of steam leaving nozzle and axial
thrust. [16]

5. (a) Prove that the moving and fixed blades should have the same shape for a 50%
reaction.
(b) In a stage of impulse reaction turbine operating with 50% degree of reaction,
the blades are identical in shape. The outlet angle of the moving blades in 190
and the absolute discharge velocity of steam is 100m/s in the direction at 1000
to the motion of the blades. If the rate of flow of steam through the turbine
is 15,000 kg/hr, calculate the power developed by the turbine in kW. [16]

6. (a) Obtain the pressure ratio for maximum work for a closed gas turbine.

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Code No: RR312405 Set No.2
(b) In an air standard gas turbine engine air at 150 C and 1 bar enters the compres-
sor with a pressure ratio of 5. Air enters the turbine at 8150 C and expands to
1 bar. Calculate the ratio of turbine work to compressor work and the thermal
efficiency when engine operates on ideal brayton cycle. [16]

7. (a) Explain working of a turbojet and the advantages of it.

(b) Explain in detail the uses of rockets and fuels used in them. [16]

8. Write short notes on :

(a) Surface condensers

(b) Combined velocity diagram
(c) Nozzle design criteria
(d) Requirements of good combustion chamber for Gas turbine. [16]

?????

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Code No: RR312405 Set No.3
III B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February -2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Derive the efficiency of Rankine cycle along with power plant, P-V diagram
and T-S diagrams.
(b) A steam turbine working on Rankine cycle is supplied with dry saturated
steam at 25 bar and exhaust takes place at 0.2 bar. For 10 Kg/s steam flow
rate, calculate the quality of steam at the end of expansion, turbine shaft
work, power required to drive the pump, work ratio, cycle efficiency and heat
flow in the condenser. [16]

2. (a) Explain the terms Over expanding and under expanding as applied to a fluid
flow through a nozzle.
(b) Air expands under reversible adiabatic conditions of a nozzle from 4 bar and
7250 C to a final pressure of 1 bar. Determine
i. type of nozzle required.
ii. critical velocity.
iii. Air flow rate if minimum nozzle diameter is 1.25cm. If the nozzle requires
a divergent section determine the maximum velocity developed in the
nozzle and the suitable exit diameter. [16]

3. (a) Minimum capacity of air pump in m3 /hr.

(b) The dimensions of the reciprocating air pump to remove the air if it runs at
200 RPM and L/D ratio = 1.5 and volumetric efficiency =100% .
(c) The mass of vapour extracted per minute. [16]

4. (a) Derive the condition for maximum efficiency in reaction turbine with suitable
assumptions.
(b) In a reaction turbine, the blade tips are inclined at 350 and 200 in the direction
of motion. The guide blades are of the same shape as the moving blades, but
reversed in direction. The drum dia is 1m and blades are 10cm high. At this
place, steam is at 1.75 are and quality of 0.935. If the speed of the turbine is
250 rpm, steam passes through blades without shock, find the mass of steam
flow and power developed in and explain the ring of moving blades. [16]

5. (a) Show that for a Parson’s reaction turbine the degree of reaction is 50%.
(b) In a 50% reaction turbine stage running at 3000rpm, the exit angles are 300
and the inlet angles are 500 . The mean diameter is 1m. The steam flow rate
is 10,000 Kg/minute and the stage efficiency is 85%. Determine:

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Code No: RR312405 Set No.3
i. Power output of the stage
ii. The specific enthalpy drop in the stage
iii. The percentage increase in the relative velocity of the steam when it flows
over the moving blades. [16]

6. (a) Compare and contrast the closed and open cycle gas turbines with merits and
demerits.
(b) In an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine air enters compressor at 1 bar
and 300K to 4 bar, isentropic effieciencies of compressor and turbine are 80%
with A/F ratio of 80:1. Calculate the power developed and thermal efficiency
of the cycle with air flow rate of 2.5Kg/s. CV for fuel is 42,000 kJ/Kg and γ
= 1.33 for gases and Cpg = 1.147KJ/Kg −K . [16]

7. (a) Explain with a neat sketch a screw Propeller unit.

(b) What are the fundamental differences between jet propulsion and rocket propul-
sion? [16]

8. Write short notes on :

(a) Boiler draught

(b) Surface condenssers
(c) Requirements of good combustion chamber for Gas turbine
(d) Applications of rockets. [16]

?????

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Code No: RR312405 Set No.4
III B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February -2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What is the function of a boiler chimney and explain why there is no Chimney
in the case of a locomotive boiler?
(b) A boiler uses 1350 Kgs of coal per hour which requires m Kg of air for complete
combustion per Kg of coal. The temperature of flue gases is 6330 K and the
temperature of outside ambient air is 2980 K. If the draught produced by 30m
high steel chimney is 17.75mm of water column, determine:
i. air supplied per Kg of coal burnt on grate.
ii. Draught in terms of column of hot gases.
iii. Hot gases flow rate through the Chimney.
th
iv. Base diameter of the Chimney, only 1/16 of total draught is available for
producing velocity. [16]

2. (a) Discuss the criteria to decide the shape of the nozzles.

(b) A gas expands in a convergent divergent nozzle from 5 bar to 1.5 bar, the
initial temperature being 7000 C. Calculate the velocities at the throat and at
the exit. [16]

3. In a Condenser test following observations are made: Vacuum = 700mm of Hg,

Barometer Reading = 760mm of Hg, Mean temp of condensation = 350C, Hot well
temp = 280 C Mass of cooling water = 50,000 Kg/hr.
inlet temp = 170 C, Outlet temp =300 C
Mass of condensate per hour = 1250 Kg
Find :

(a) Mass of air present per m3 of condenser volume.

(b) The state of steam entering the condenser.
(c) Vacuum efficiency. [16]

4. (a) Why Compounding is required and explain the types of compounding.

(b) A single row impulse turbine develops 135kW at a speed of 175 m/s using 2
Kg/s of steam. Steam leaves the nozzle at 400m/s with velocity coefficient of
blades is 0.9 and steam leaves the turbine blades axially. Determine the nozzle
angle, blade angles at entry and exit assuming no shock. [16]

5. (a) Show that for a Parson’s reaction turbine the degree of reaction is 50%.

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Code No: RR312405 Set No.4
(b) In a 50% reaction turbine stage running at 3000rpm the exit angles are 300
and the inlet angles are 500 . The mean diameter is 1m. The steam flow rate
is 10,000 Kg/minute and the stage efficiency is 85%
Determine:
i. Power output of the stage.
ii. The specific enthalpy drop in the stage.
iii. The percentage increase in the relative velocity of the steam when it flows
over the moving blades. [16]

6. (a) Describe with the help of a neat sketch a combustion chamber for internal
combustion turbine.
(b) A gas turbine plant operates on Brayton cycle with lower and upper termper-
ature limits being 2890 K and 9980 K. What would be the optimum value of
pressure ratio if the turbine is to be operated for maximum power output?
For the pressure raito calculated, determine the plant efficiency, work ratio,
and specific power output. Assume working substance to be air and expansion
and compression to be isentropic. [16]

7. (a) Write elaborately the needs and demands of turbojet.

(b) Explain the propulsion efficiency of rockets and details of cryogenic engines.
[16]

8. Write short notes on:

(a) Edward air pump

(b) Super saturated flow
(c) Nozzle design criteria
(d) Combined velocity diagram. [16]

?????

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