Yasser Arafat

A DEAL OR NO DEAL? 20/10/2024
Genocide, Urbicide and Ecocide ?16/02/2024
SOUBRESAUTS ET TERGIVERSATIONS IDÉOLOGIQUES (2005-2024) :
CONVERGENCE ET CONNIVENCE ENTRE NÉOCONSERVATEURS ÉTATSUNIENS ET NÉO-SIONISTES ISRAËLIENS Noha Khalaf* 03112024
Les dilemmes du monde arabe par Akram Belkaïd 31/10/2024
Nine days of horror as Israeli offensive on exhausted northern Gaza intensifies301024
La disparition de Yahya Sinwar n'est qu'un prélude
The Biden administration has warned Israel that it faces possible punishment, including the potential stopping of US weapons transfers, if it does not take immediate action to let more humanitarian aid into Gaza.
Israeli forces tightened their squeeze around Jabalia
What is al-Mawasi and why did Israel attack a ‘safe zone’?11/09/2024
D. Noha Khalaf: Mahmoud Darwish and the “butterfly effect that never goes away” in Gaza! 31082024
Over the past fifteen years, Gaza has suffered five punitive expeditions: 2006 (“Summer Rain”); 03/02/2024
South Africa presents its case against Israël at the ICJ
GENOCIDE
CR 2024/1
International Court Cour internationale of Justice de Justice
THE HAGUE LA HAYE
YEAR 2024
The guerrilla is stronger than an occupying army 12/11/2023
SCANDALEUX ENLÈVEMENT DE MARIAM ABU DAQQA PAR LA POLICE FRANÇAISE HIER SOIR A MINUIT A PARIS 13ème 09/11/2023
L'article dans son intégralité: Enzo Traverso : la guerre à Gaza « brouille la mémoire de l’Holocauste »
la « guerre génocidaire » menée par l’armée israélienne à Gaza. 08/11/2023
l'arrestation de la militante Ahed Tamimi 06/11/2023
Some images of the disaster in Gaza 31102023
Amnesty International is calling on 31102023
Palestinians storm a UN-run aid supply center  30102023
Mondialisation de la Colère ATLANTA ETATS UNIS SOURCE LE FIGARO 27102023
Je suis palestinienne Et ma demi- sœur est israélienne 21102023
Ons Jabeur recalled that Palestinians had been subjected to injustice for the past 75 years.  16102023
Jean-Paul Sartre : the only weapon of the Palestinians is terrorism (1972) It is a terrible weapon but the oppressed do not have one other  13102023
Jose Luis Garcia Vigil  13102023
WHO asks Israel to reverse evacuation order, says it amounts to 'death sentence' for vulnerable patients 13102023
WHY a big win for Hamas? 12102023
War and Natural Gas: The Israeli Invasion and Gaza’s Offshore Gas Fields
by Michel Chossudovsky 11102023
War and Natural Gas: The Israeli Invasion and Gaza’s Offshore Gas Fields 10102023
In New York, we speak with Rashid Khalidi, author of The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine, 10102023
10 h 30 | L'ambassade d'Israël à Washington affirme que le nombre d'otages israéliens à Gaza s'élève à une centaine 08102023
Selon un dernier bilan publié sur X par l'ambassade d'Israël à Washington, plus de 300 Israéliens ont été tués et 1800 blessés. Elle affirme également qu'une centaine de civils et soldats israéliens ont été kidnappés par le Hamas. 
Le leader de la branche militaire du Hamas, Mohammed Deif, a déclaré que 5 000 roquettes avaient été tirées sur Israël tôt samedi pour lancer l’opération « Déluge Al-Aqsa »  07102023
Le Freedom Theatre pleure une de ses adolescentes 27062023
Violente bataille lors d'un raid israélien à Jénine, cinq Palestiniens tués
LE 19 JUIN. 2023 À 08H08 (TU) 
Cette femme palestinienne n’existe pas: voici son portrait 15062023
En direct de Gaza  Il est 12h à Gaza ce vendredi 12 mai 2023
08/04/2023  ALERTE La population de #Gaza est actuellement bombardée par l’aviation israélienne. #GazaUnderAttack
06/04/2023 MASSACRE A AL-AQSA
26/03/2023  À Gaza ou en Cisjordanie, la situation est totalement désespérée pour les jeunes Palestiniens
19/03/2023 International campaign to spread the historical map of Palestine from the river to the sea
13/03/2023  La mère palestinienne origine de notre savoir
08/03/2023 8 mars 2023 en Palestine Femmes palestiniennes
01/03/2023 Israelis still expect the Palestinians will surrender. They've never been more wrong  Haaretz
28/02/2023 expédition punitive dans la ville d’Howwarah par des colons
24/02/2023 Nablus hit by deadly Israeli raid
26/01/2023 une dizaine de Palestiniens tués lors d'un raid israélien à Jénine
The Palestinian and Levantine cuisine that Israel tries to appropriate
Pourquoi la France doit-elle protéger le peuple Palestinien?
Un projet qui commence par un rêve à Jénine et tente de devenir une réalité, rejoindre Gaza
Femmes Palestiniennes en Résistance  020123
The Systematic Destruction of Palestinian Memory
(NEW) 26122022  Christmas in Bethlehem, where it all started
(NEW) 19122022 What in the World Is Happening in Israel? The New York Times
(NEW) 08122022 Case Study: Har Homa
(NEW) 04112022
« Gaza est un homme qui pleure et qui ne veut pas le dire » : l’enclave traversée du Nord au Sud, entre mer et mur
Par Louis Imbert (Gaza, envoyé spécial)
"أنا بنت القدس، وأحب أن أراها سعيدة"... أحدث لقاء إعلامي عفوي مع شيرين أبوعاقلة على درجات باب العامود نهاية رمضان الماضي
REQUIEM POUR SHERINE par Noha Khalaf
ASSASSINAT DE LA JOURNALISTE PALESTINIENNE A JÉNINE PAR L’OCCUPANT ISRAÉLIEN 11/05/2022
Emma Watson pro-Palestinian post sparks antisemitism row
Palestinian prison break: Israel has every reason to fear this bold move
Jonathan Cook
I - Palestine Peace Movement (PPM) Creating One State for Palestinians and Jews in Palestine Mohamed Rabie
II - Palestine, the Birthplace of Civilization
When and where Civilization was born 
Prof. Mohamed Rabie
III - APOCALYPSE IN WEST BANK
IV - I cry my eyes out when I write about Gaza
V - La suspension par Israël de la distribution de courrier en provenance et à destination de Gaza est une punition collective inacceptable
VI - GAZA RECONSTRUCTION: TOWARD  A SELF-DETERMINED MECHANISM
VII - Alain Gresh présente « La Palestine n'a pas disparu », par Edward Said
VIII - Guerres sans fin contre les Palestiniens - Une domination israélienne toujours plus brutale par Alain Gresh
IX (PART 1)THE IMPERATIVE OF CHANGING THE TERMS OF REFERENCE in dealing with  the situation in Palestine
22 May 2021
By: Dr. Noha Khalaf
IX (Part 2) The imperative of transforming strategic concepts and philosophical mindsets by exchanging old biased allies with  a different set of  reliable allies
25 May 2021
By: Dr. Noha Khalaf*
XI- Marwan Barghouti président de tous les Palestiniens ?
XII - في يوم الأرض: وداعا سلمان ناطور الروائي  المعجون بتربة الأرض 
XIII -      DOCUMENTAIRES DE STÉPHANE VALENTIN
Chapitre XIV- New ROAD MAP FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION
The Palestinian issue to where?, 2020
XV-a استراتيجية  لتصفية المشروع الصهيوني
XV- b - A Strategy to end the Zionist Project in Palestine
XV-c- Palestine Peace Movement (PPM) - Creating One State for Palestinians and Jews in Palestine
XVI -  Where to on Palestine?
......
Chapitre XX
Mahmoud Darwichطباق عن إدوارد سعيد
Chapitre XXI
Volunteered at a Natural History Museum in Palestine [World Environment Day]
Chapitre XXII
COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine
Chapitre XXIII
https://www.academia.edu/31928086/Le_patriote_palestinien_le_moins_connu_Ahmed_Hilmi_Pasha
Chapitre XXIV : Le monde doit lutter contre l’annexion israélienne – qu’elle soit formelle ou non
Chapitre XXV: HISTORIQUE DE L'APRÈS AL-NAKBA
Chapitre XXVI : Hommage à l’écrivain Palestinien Salmane Natour
Chapitre XXVII : L'Union européenne ne peut pas et ne doit pas inviter des Israéliens en Tunisie
Chapitre XXVIII : LE MYTHE CHIRAC ET LA PALESTINE
Chapitre XXIX: À Gaza, un peuple en cage
Chapitre XXX APOCALYPSE GAZA (NOV.2012 DOCUMENTARY)
Excerpt from PPM:
The following points define the most important principles on which the movement is based, and the goals it seeks:
1. Establishing a single dual-identity state on all of Palestinian soil in which all Palestinian Jews and Arabs have the right to live in it as citizens with equal rights and duties.
2. The proposed state name is The Holy Land State of Palestine.
3. Writing a constitution for the state that guarantees the participation of the two peoples in power, and the sharing of executive power between the head of state and the prime minister.
L’Université Brown inaugure « La Chaire Mahmoud Darwich
EXCERPT from "L'énigmatique Ahmad Hilmi Pacha":
https://www.academia.edu/31928086/Le_patriote_palestinien_le_moins_connu_Ahmed_Hilmi_Pasha
"Le monde doit lutter contre l’annexion israélienne – qu’elle soit formelle ou non
Par Ben White, le 20 mai 2020"
Les graves violations du droit international et les politiques d’apartheid d’Israël ont persisté en grande partie parce qu’il n’en est pas tenu responsable internationalement.
"À Gaza, un peuple en cage"
À Gaza, un peuple en cage/In Gaza, a people in a cage Olivier Pironet Alors que les Israéliens sont appelés à élire un nouveau Parlement le 17 septembre, la bande de Gaza n'en finit pas de sombrer. Depuis treize ans, Tel-Aviv soumet le territoire palestinien dirigé par le Hamas à un blocus militaire dévastateur. Combien de temps la population pourra-t-elle tenir ?

What is the relationship between Mizrahi feminism and Israeli ultranationalism? What is the relevance of gender justice activism to the 2014 Gaza War and Israel’s foreign policy?

Wrapped in the Flag of Israel Second Edition examines neoliberal bureaucracy in the Global South using feminist critical race theories. It interrogates the relationship between the State of Israel and its Mizrahi single mothers who are at the forefront of Mizrahi feminism. It also presents a model of bureaucracy as divine cosmology that preempts the agency of disenfranchised Mizrahim who are Israel’s demographic majority. Mizrahi protests fall flat when the Israel-Palestine conflict dominates the headlines. While most studies of neoliberal bureaucracy employ a Foucauldian or Marxian lens, this book illustrates how Israeli bureaucracy draws on a theological essence that fuses religion, gender, and race into the foundations of citizenship. It sets out to understand why Mizrahi mothers remain loyal to a state that injures them though its bureaucratic system.

The extensive Afterword to the Second Edition connects intra-Jewish racial and gendered dynamics to the 2014 Gaza War. It tracks sequences that began with social protest and ended with elections that bolstered Israel’s political right. In between came bloodletting between the IDF, the Palestinian Authority, and Israel’s neighboring Arab states. The 2014 Gaza War was a watershed, but not only in the Israel-Palestine conflict. Under the smokescreen of war, Israel accelerated neoliberal economic reform. The first victims of this restructuring were Mizrahi single mothers. Palestinians, however, would pay the highest price for Israel’s Mizrahi-Ashkenazi rift.

This is the 3th and also final article of my serie concerning Yasser Arafat’s poisoning "saga”.

It was Introduced here
http://joodsactueel.be/2017/11/06/13-jaar-na-overlijden-arafat-geen-enkel-bewijs-voor-vergiftiging-van-palestijnse-leider-door-israel/

The aim is to have a definitive text about the case if possible, considering the conspiracy theories surrounding Arafat’s death. Even the mainstream press is contaminated by such conspiracy stories with journalists such as Emmanuel Faux and Luis Lema or consultants like Pascal Boniface who is regularly consulted by the MSM (mainstream media).

With the kind assistence of http://antisemitism-europe.blogspot.be/

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal dar cuenta de los obstáculos que afronta Palestina en su intento de consolidarse como un Estado soberano y autónomo, tanto en lo que denominaremos, ámbito interno como en el ámbito externo. Teniendo como propósito, en última instancia, indagar si realmente es viable esta consolidación o es un proyecto destinado al fracaso. Respecto al primer ámbito, llevaremos a cabo un análisis del enfrentamiento entre las principales facciones palestinas-Hamas y Fatah-, lucha que ha marcado la vida política en Cisjordania y la Franja de Gaza en los últimos diez años y que representa una disputa tanto por el poder como por el control de los territorios en pugna. Asimismo, plantearemos las dificultades con las que se afronta la autoridad nacional Palestina (ANP) a la hora de hacerse con el monopolio de la violencia legítima. En síntesis, veremos las trabas políticas, administrativas y económicas. En cuanto al ámbito externo, analizaremos el papel que juega Israel en esta compleja coyuntura y las trabas que este pone para la consolidación del Estado Palestino3. 12 3 Impedimentos que se cristalizan en el establecimiento de asentamientos judíos; el control militar sobre el 60% del territorio; la existencia de la administración israelí, entre otras cuestiones.

Pemimpin Palestina Yasser Arafat kini terbukti meninggal bukan karena sebab alamiah, tetapi karena diracun. Meninggalnya Arafat menyebabkan ambruknya gerakan nasional Palestina, pecahnya konflik terbuka Fatah-Hamas, dan makin melestarikan penjajahan oleh rezim Zionis Israel.

It is not entirely in agreement with what I may think on some issues but this presentation – in English first and in French second – is primordial to understand how France and the world are going awry right now.

This document which is in Open Access (originally published by Mediapart, http://blogs.mediapart.fr/blog/daniel-horowitz/240714/edwy-plenel-et-sa-lettre-au-president) only concerns the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza but it could be widened to the conflict between Israel and Palestine, but it could also be valid for the world at large for other conflicts and points of tension that have been dealt with by the West with an obvious bias for one side, even if it is the losing side, and then reverting their failed support into hate for the winner, no matter what the stakes of the said conflict may be.

The best case in that line is the hostility of the West against the legal government of Sri Lanka because they ended up in three years a terrorist conflict that had been going on for thirty years on their territory. The west had always supported LTTE – and then the fuzzy and fluid “Tamils” when LTTE was classified a terrorist organization by UN and most countries in the world – against the government of Sri Lanka.

Instead of helping to find a solution in a conflict, at times as old as several centuries, the West takes one side and then blows on the embers and burning coals for the fire to catch and topple over the side they have not chosen.

This has to stop, this has to come to an end. The West is not the biased umpire of the world, in fact the biased cop(per) of all nations and continents.

Olliergues, July 31, 2014

Contrary to Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir’s assertion that the Palestinian Arabs did not constitute a separate people, a sense of Palestinian identity did develop in stages culminating in the merger of the Palestinian Liberation Organization and Yasser Arafat Fatah organization in 1968. The charter of the PLO turned the argument on Meir by asserting that Judaism was a religion not a nationality and committing the PLO to military action to replace the Jewish state with a secular Arab State with a Palestinian majority and a Jewish minority. This is true meaning behind the Israeli claim that the PLO charter called for the “destruction” of the State of Israel.

Arafat offered an alternative to Gamal Abdel Nasser’s pan-Arab Nationalism for the Palestinian people. He promoted a secular Palestinian nationalism, independent from other Arab countries such as Jordan, Egypt, and Syria that had their own eyes on Palestine. In 1948 the Arab states of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq, united in rejecting the UN partition plan for Palestine into two-states, invaded the newly independent State of Israel. In the ensuing war, Israel turned back the Arab armies and increased the size of the Jewish state. The 1948 war created a refugee problem as Palestinians were force to and voluntarily left their home in Israel for refugee camps in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and the Gaza Strip. Another war in 1967 initiated by Egypt and Syria resulted in Israel occupying East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza.

The Palestinians, constituting a majority of the population in Jordan, had an opportunity to make Jordan the Palestinian state. Arafat opted for using military force instead of negotiations, which resulted in his defeat and expulsion from Jordan. He then relocated in Lebanon, which upset the balance between Maronite Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shi’ite Muslims, and Druze. Israel sought to make an alliance with the Christians and Druze, but a civil war developed, Israel invaded to stop the Palestinians from using southern Lebanon as a base for terrorist raid, Syria invaded to protect the Shi’ite Lebanese in the Bekaa Valley. This resulted in Arafat having to relocate from Beirut to Tunis, and the Palestinians remaining in the Beirut refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila were massacred by Christian militia while the Israeli Defense Forces stood by.

The United Nations had lost the opportunity to mediate the issue, when in November 1975 the General Assembly had passed Resolution 3379 declaring that Zionism was a form of racism.  Although it later was repealed in December 1991, this was one of the things that turned the Israelis against the United Nations. It remained to the United States President Jimmy Carter to negotiate the Camp David Agreement between Egypt and Israel, but it left the PLO and Fatah out of the negotiations because they were committed to a one-state solution under Arab Palestinians. Israeli’s considered this to be a commitment to the destruction of Israel as a Jewish state.

In November 1988 the PLO adopted the so-called Algiers Declaration in which they voted to support to a two-state solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict. This was the first time since their rejected the UN partition plan that the Palestinians showed signs of accepting the existence of Israel. Back channel negotiations between Israelis and the PLO, mediated by Sweden, bore fruit with the so-called Oslo Agreement. It called for a two-stage approach, with the creation of a Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Gaza, and the outstanding issues of a Palestinian state and the status of Jerusalem being left for final status negotiation. The right-wing Likud Party under Benjamin Netanyahu came to power with agenda to overturn the Oslo Agreement. Bill Clinton’s eleventh-hour attempt to get a negotiated settlement before he left office would have created a Palestinian state on the West Bank with its capital in East Jerusalem, but it came was too late and a dollar short. Arafat also made the mistake taking the side of his fellow Sunni Muslim, Saddam Hussein, during the Iranian-Iraq war and the two American-Iraqi wars, which ended his prior financial support from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Today, it is quite clear that Netanyahu, who is in his second, non-consecutive term as Israeli prime minister, has no interest in changing the status quo in which Israel continues to occupy Jerusalem and the West Bank. Netanyahu’s insistence that the Palestinians recognize Israel as the Jewish state as a pre-condition for negotiations would undermine the Palestinian claim to the right of return.

A Palestina, desde há muitos anos, tem feito tentativas para colocar em prática os elementos fundamentais que compõem um Estado. A criação de muitas dessas infraestruturas correspondeu ao sonho de seus líderes, dentre os quais se destaca Yasser Arafat. A Força 14 foi, na verdade, um objetivo estratégico delineado por Arafat, que constituiu o embrião da futura Força Aérea Palestina, fundada no seio do Fatah durante 1968 e 1969. Dois anos mais tarde, a Força 14 foi agregada à Brigada Yarmouk, grupo irregular fundado por militantes do Fatah, após o conflito entre as forças palestinas, que tencionavam derrubar o Rei Hussein, e o Exército da Jordânia [1] . Tempos depois, a futura Força Aérea Palestina foi transformada numa unidade independente, a já referida Força 14.

This reflection on Palestine's political impasses in relation to the experiences of other colonized places and peoples was inspired by the current ferment in critical indigenous and native studies, and now Palestinian studies, about settler colonialism. Tracing the promises and pitfalls of new imaginations of sovereignty and self-determination emerging through indigenous activism, the essay reflects on museums and contested rituals of liberal recognition in North America and Australia to highlight both the stark differences in the situations of Palestinians under Israeli rule and the radical significance of the recent efflorescence of Palestinian cultural projects. Focusing particularly on the history of the Palestinian Museum (that opened in Birzeit in 2016), the article argues that the productivity of the settler-colonial framework lies less in the way it maps directly onto the situation on the ground than in the new solidarities it engenders and its potential to burst open the Palestinian political imagination.

Today, Lebanon is experiencing a trifecta of events that, in the words of its President are sending the country to hell.  It started with the collapse of the banking sector in October 2019, got further exacerbated by the global pandemic, then came the massive explosion at the port of Beirut on August 4, 2020 that destroyed half of the city. With these existential calamities piling on the top of each other, the country with no meaningful help in sight, has downshifted to the worst mode of survival where famine is knocking at the door of most Lebanese families. But not so for its political class and their cronies. The President’s statement would have been more accurate if it were slightly amended to say “me and my gang of criminals are sending the country to hell, unless foreign money keeps our scheme going.”
It’s not the massive explosion at the port or the Coronavirus that are descending Lebanon into the abyss. It is the world finally waking up and realizing that underneath the façade of what looks like a modern nation, the country is anything but. Lebanon is run mostly by tribes and warlords of different ethnic and religious compositions with loyalties to outside powers that have very little to do with making Lebanon a strong sovereign state. They amount to nothing more than criminal gangs competing for resources. The occasional alliance of feuding political families appears as an act of national unity when in reality it’s merely an ad hoc arrangement among clans to beat out other clans competing for resources and political power.

Özet Uluslar arası İlişkiler nezdinde çözümlenemeyen Filistin Sorunsalında ele alacağımız konunun; Yıllardır süregelen çatışmalar ve görüşmeler sarmanında olayların İntifada"yı hazırlayan sebeplerini değerlendireceğim. uluslar arası bir sorun haline gelmiş olan Filistin İsrail sorunu, çatışmalar, savaşlara rağmen, taraflarla yapılan görüşmelere anlaşmalara rağmen İsrail"in tek taraflı olarak hiçbir uluslar arası hukuki dayanağı önemsemeyerek davranışları en çok Filistin Haklına zarar vermektedir. 1987 yılına kadar her acıyı yaşamış olan halkın ilk defa tüm Filistin nezdinde ayaklanması ve İsrail"in kurşununa karşı taş ile karşılık vermeleri azımsanamayacak kadar değerlidir. Her yaştan halkın İsrailli güçlere karşı direnmesinin nedenleri bize sorunun çözümünde neyin eksik olduğunu yada bundan sonraki oluşacak gelişmelere ışık tutmamızı sağlar. Abstract Israel-Palestinian conflict has became an International conflict that has harmful effect on the Palestinian people because of Israel has rejected any rules under law; due to fact that wars, conflicts, contracts, summits, conferences. It has valuable for the people who had bad memories about those battles. They have been against Israel"s bullets. The reasons of resistance help us the meaning of what is the incomplete thing inside of it and point future arrangement. This thesis assist the causes of preparation of İntifada during the years of battles, and conflicts that unresolved problematic Palestinian struggle. Giriş, Filistin bulunduğu bölge, üç kıtanın orijin noktası olup, 2 kıtanın kesiminde bulunmaktadır. Filistin bölgesi ilk çağlarından itibaren ilkel kavimler tarafından çok sık yerleşim alanı olarak kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca yapılan araştırmalardan öğrenildiğine göre, Filistin bölgesinde tarihin ilk çağlarından itibaren tarımda sulamanın yapılması, bölgede yaşayan toplulukların tarıma dayalı olduğunu yerleşik hayatta olduklarını gösterir. Bölge, Arap çölleri arasında deniz kenarında bir vaha olarak tanımlanabilir. İsrail Devletinin bölgede hak iddia etmesini incelediğimizde, Yahudilerin Kenan diyarında yaşadığı bilgisine ulaşırız. Yusuf peygamberle Mısır"a yerleşen Kenan halkı Musa peygamber ile Kenan diyarı olan Filistin bölgesine geri döner. Burada Tevratta geçen Vaad edilmiş Topraklar kavramı ortaya çıkar; "O günde Rab, Abraham'la ahdedip dedi: Mısır ırmağından büyük ırmağa, Fırat ırmağına kadar bu diyarı, Kenileri ve Kenizzileri ve Kadmonileri ve Hittileri ve Perizzileri ve Refaları ve Amorileri ve Kenanlıları ve Girgaşileri ve Yebusileri senin zürriyetine (soyuna) verdim." 1 Harita 1-A Vaadedilmiş Topraklar harita 1-A "da koyu siyah renkle gösterildiği gibidir. Roma İmparatorluğu döneminde İmparatorluğun dört bir yanına sürülen Yahudiler için bölge her zaman kutsal geldikleri yer olarak kalmıştır. "Yahudiler, Filistin'de tarih boyunca uğraşmış oldukları çeşitli sürgünlere rağmen Filistin ile duygusal bir bağlar oluşturmuşlardır. Mesih'in dirilişi sırasında bu kutsal topraklarda Mesih'le birlikte ilk direnenler olmak için 1 Tevrat Tekvin 15. Bab Zeytinlik Dağına gömülmeyi arzulamışlardır" (2) . "Bu düşünce Filistin'de egemenlik kurmaktan ziyade inanmış olduğu değerlerin gereklerini en iyi şekilde yerine getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır" (3) 1881 "de başlayan aliyalarla (göç) beraber Filistin bölgesinde Yahudi nüfusunda artış meydana gelmiştir. Bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Birinci Aliya( 1881-1903) ve İkinci Aliya (1903-1919) sırasında bölge halkına baktığımızda; Halkın göçlerden dolayı şaşkın olduğunu görebiliriz. Göçenler ise Filistin"i terk edilmiş halen baraka tarzı yapılarda ikamet eden insanlar olarak gördükleri bilgisine ve karşılaştıkları ortamdan dolayı şaşırdıkları bilgisine ulaşıyoruz. Ancak ilk iki göç sırası ve sonrasında bir eylem yada silahlı örgüt kurma girişiminde bulunmuyorlar. Siyasi örgütlenmeleri ise I. Dünya Savaşı sonrasına denk geliyordu. Ancak Filistin halkı tarafından ortaya çıkan siyasi örgütler daha çok entelektüel kesimin temsiliyle olmuştur. Yani cemiyetleri kuranlar yine önde gelen ailelerin evlatlarıdır ve halkla bağları azdır. Filistin direnişinde bireyler ön plandadır ve direnişin varoluş nedeni siyasal Siyonizm"e endeksli şekilde gelişir. Siyasal Siyonizm kendini Yahudi hisseden her bireyi içine alan görüştür ve bu şekilde milliyetçi yapısı ağır basar. Doğrudan ayrılık savunucusudur. Yahudi olanlarla olmayanlar arasındaki farklara vurgu yapar. II. Abdulhamit"in siyasi tinliler lü 8 95 13 624 91 Y aralı 2 1 7 3 -8 04 3 71 8 32 -II.Dünya Savaşı sırasında Yahudiler İngiliz yönetimine bağlılık bildirmiş buna karşı Kudüs müftüsü Hacı El-Hüseyni"nin ayaklansa da pek etkili olmamıştır. Filistin Direnişinde şahıslar ön plandadır. İngiliz yönetimi altındaki dönemde (1917-1948) el-Hüseyni"nin etkisi yadsınamaz. İngilizler tarafından tutuklansa da o Filistin Hareketinde etkili isim olmaya yine devam etmiştir. Berlin"e kaçmasına rağmen (1939) daha sonra Arap Ligi"nin kurulması için Mısır"a geri dönmüştür (1948). Filistin hareketine İslami yönde dikkat çeker. Yahudi varlığına cihad ilan etmesine rağmen başarılı olamamıştır. Filistin sorunu Şubat 1947"de İngiltere tarafından Birleşmiş Milletlere götürüldü. Böylece sorun artık uluslar arası bir nitelik almıştı. "Yahudi meselesi, ulusal bir meseledir ve bu sorunu gidermek için büyük milletler tarafından düzenlenmiş bir konsey dahilinde tartışırsak ,bunun bir dünya meselesi haline dönüştürülmesi gereki 6 r" (6)