Utility Computing

In this paper, the details of processing algorithms used in a training program with language learning-impaired children (LLI's) are described. The training program utilized computer games, speech/language training exercises, books-ontape and educational CD-ROM's. Speech tracks in these materials were processed using these algorithms. During a four week training period, recognition of both processed and normal speech in these children continually increased to near age-appropriate levels. We conclude that this form of processed speech is subject to profound perceptual learning effects and exhibits widespread generalization to normal speech. This form of learning and generalization contributes to the rehabilitation of temporal processing deficits and language comprehension in this subject population.

In this short paper we examine the integration of three emerging trends in Information Technology (Utility Computing, Grid Computing, and Web Services) into a new Computing paradigm (Grid-based Application Service Provision) that is taking place in the context of the European research project GRASP. In the first part of the paper, we explain how the integration of emerging trends can support enterprises in creating competitive advantage. In the second part, we summarise an architecture blueprint of Grid-based Application Service Provision (GRASP), which enables a new technology-driven business paradigm on top of such integration.

Cloud" computing -a relatively recent term, builds on decades of research in virtualization, distributed computing, utility computing, and more recently networking, web and software services. It implies a service oriented architecture, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, great flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, ondemand services and many other things. This paper discusses the concept of "cloud" computing, issues it tries to address, related research topics, and a "cloud" implementation available today.

Offshore and outsourced distributed software development models and processes are facing challenges, previously unknown, with respect to computing capacity, bandwidth, storage, security, complexity, reliability, and business uncertainty. Clouds promise to address these challenges by adopting recent advances in virtualization, parallel and distributed systems, utility computing, and software services. In this paper, we envision a cloud-based platform that addresses some of these core problems. We outline a generic cloud architecture, its design and our first implementation results for three cloud forms - a compute cloud, a storage cloud and a cloud-based software service- in the context of global distributed software development (GSD). Our ”compute cloud” provides computational services such as continuous code integration and a compile server farm, ”storage cloud” offers storage (block or file-based) services with an on-line virtual storage service, whereas the on-line virtual labs represent a useful cloud service. We note some of the use cases for clouds in GSD, the lessons learned with our prototypes and identify challenges that must be conquered before realizing the full business benefits. We believe that in the future, software practitioners will focus more on these cloud computing platforms and see clouds as a means to supporting a ecosystem of clients, developers and other key stakeholders.

In his effort to develop series expressions for the coordinates of the Galilean satellites accurate to one arc second (Jovicentric), R. A. Sampson was forced a priori to adopt certain numerical values for several constants imbedded in his theory. His final numerical values for the series expressions are not amenable to adjustment of the constants of integration nor of physical constants which affect the motion of the satellites. A method which utilizes computer-based algebraic manipulation software has been developed to reconstruct Sampson's theory, to remove existing errors, to introduce neglected effects and to provide analytical expressions for the coordinates as well as for the partial derivatives with respect to orbital parameters, Jupiter and satellite masses, Jupiter's oblateness (J2, J4) and Jupiter's pole and period of rotation. The computer-based manipulations enable one to perform, for example, the approximately 108 multiplications required in calculating some perturbations (and their partial derivatives) of Satellite II by Satellite III with ease, and provide algebraic expressions which can readily be adjusted to generate theories corresponding to revised constants of integration and physical parameters.

Cloud computing has the potential to play contribution to the growth and competitiveness of enterprises mainly for SMEs. By adopting cloud computing services SMEs will be able to obtain the latest technology, without the need for upf computing from an SME stance. Motivations, requirements, and concerns surrounding the adoption of cloud computing are discussed. A survey of 300 SMEs conducted in the UK shows an interest in exploiting shown concerns with regards to security and vendor lock computing adoption. The findings are expected to assist SMEs in their adoption of cloud computing servic inform service providers with respect to end ABSTRACT Cloud computing has the potential to play a major role in addressing inefficiencies and make a fundamental contribution to the growth and competitiveness of enterprises mainly for SMEs. By adopting cloud computing services SMEs will be able to obtain the latest technology, without the need for upfront cost. This paper explores the perception of cloud computing from an SME stance. Motivations, requirements, and concerns surrounding the adoption of cloud computing are discussed. A survey of 300 SMEs conducted in the UK shows an interest in exploiting cloud services. However, SMEs have shown concerns with regards to security and vendor lock-in. These concerns could have influenced the speed of cloud computing adoption. The findings are expected to assist SMEs in their adoption of cloud computing servic inform service providers with respect to end-users' concerns. Cloud computing migration, Cloud computing services, SMEs BASED INVESTIGATION 1

With the significant advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) over the last half century, there is an increasingly perceived vision that computing will one day be the 5th utility (after water, electricity, gas, and telephony). This computing utility, like all other four existing utilities, will provide the basic level of computing service that is considered essential to meet the everyday needs of the general community. To deliver this vision, a number of computing paradigms have been proposed, of which the latest one is known as Cloud computing. Hence, in this paper, we define Cloud computing and provide the architecture for creating Clouds with market-oriented resource allocation by leveraging technologies such as Virtual Machines (VMs). We also provide insights on market-based resource management strategies that encompass both customer-driven service management and computational risk management to sustain Service Level Agreement (SLA)-oriented resource allocation. In addition, we reveal our early thoughts on interconnecting Clouds for dynamically creating global Cloud exchanges and markets. Then, we present some representative Cloud platforms, especially those developed in industries, along with our current work towards realizing market-oriented resource allocation of Clouds as realized in Aneka enterprise Cloud technology. Furthermore, we highlight the difference between High Performance Computing (HPC) workload and Internet-based services workload. We also describe a metanegotiation infrastructure to establish global Cloud exchanges and markets, and illustrate a case study of harnessing 'Storage Clouds' for high performance content delivery. Finally, we conclude with the need for convergence of competing IT paradigms to deliver our 21st century vision.

This paper evaluates the future aspects of cloud computing, the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing and its implementation using Microsoft Azure. Cloud computing refers to a future computing technology after grid computing. In cloud computing, whole data is saved in the cloud along with the various softwares and platforms.

This keynote paper: presents a 21 st century vision of computing; identifies various computing paradigms promising to deliver the vision of computing utilities; defines Cloud computing and provides the architecture for creating market-oriented Clouds by leveraging technologies such as VMs; provides thoughts on market-based resource management strategies that encompass both customer-driven service management and computational risk management to sustain SLAoriented resource allocation; presents some representative Cloud platforms especially those developed in industries along with our current work towards realising market-oriented resource allocation of Clouds by leveraging the 3 rd generation Aneka enterprise Grid technology; reveals our early thoughts on interconnecting Clouds for dynamically creating an atmospheric computing environment along with pointers to future community research; and concludes with the need for convergence of competing IT paradigms for delivering our 21 st century vision.

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A technique for structurally decomposing skin is presented in the form of SIAscopy. Its use in removing some of the subjective decisions required to diagnose melanoma at an early stage is discussed. An increase in the diagnostic accuracy for melanoma diagnosis is shown.

In cloud computing, cloud providers can offer cloud consumers two provisioning plans for computing resources, namely reservation and on-demand plans. In general, cost of utilizing computing resources provisioned by reservation plan is cheaper than that provisioned by on-demand plan, since cloud consumer has to pay to provider in advance. With the reservation plan, the consumer can reduce the total resource provisioning cost. However, the best advance reservation of resources is difficult to be achieved due to uncertainty of consumer's future demand and providers' resource prices. To address this problem, an optimal cloud resource provisioning (OCRP) algorithm is proposed by formulating a stochastic programming model. The OCRP algorithm can provision computing resources for being used in multiple provisioning stages as well as a long-term plan, e.g., four stages in a quarter plan and twelve stages in a yearly plan. The demand and price uncertainty is considered in OCRP. In this paper, different approaches to obtain the solution of the OCRP algorithm are considered including deterministic equivalent formulation, sample-average approximation, and Benders decomposition. Numerical studies are extensively performed in which the results clearly show that with the OCRP algorithm, cloud consumer can successfully minimize total cost of resource provisioning in cloud computing environments.

Cloud computing systems promise to offer subscription-oriented, enterprise-quality computing services to users worldwide. With the increased demand for delivering services to a large number of users, they need to offer differentiated services to users and meet their quality expectations. Existing resource management systems in data centers are yet to support Service Level Agreement (SLA)-oriented resource allocation, and thus need to be enhanced to realize cloud computing and utility computing. In addition, no work has been done to collectively incorporate customer-driven service management, computational risk management, and autonomic resource management into a market-based resource management system to target the rapidly changing enterprise requirements of Cloud computing. This paper presents vision, challenges, and architectural elements of SLA-oriented resource management. The proposed architecture supports integration of marketbased provisioning policies and virtualisation technologies for flexible allocation of resources to applications. The performance results obtained from our working prototype system shows the feasibility and effectiveness of SLA-based resource provisioning in Clouds.

The concept of a medical parallel manipulator applicable to chest compression in the process of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is proposed in this paper. According to the requirement of CPR action, a three-prismatic-universal-universal (3-PUU) translational parallel manipulator (TPM) is designed for such applications. And a thorough analysis involving the issues of kinematics, dynamics, and control have been performed for the 3-PUU TPM. Not only the inverse and forward kinematics problems are solved in closed-form, but also the Jacobian matrix is derived analytically, along with the manipulator workspace generated in view of the physical constraints imposed by mechanical joints. Based on the principle of virtual work with a simplifying hypothesis adopted, the dynamic modeling is performed, and dynamic control utilizing computed torque method is implemented, at last the simulation results illustrate the well performance of the control algorithm. The research work provide a sound base for the development of a medical manipulator to assist in CPR operation.

Bereits seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre wird jungen Wissenschaftlern im Vorfeld der Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik ein Doctoral Consortium als unterstützendes Forum angeboten. Diese Einrichtung wurde auch zur größten internationalen Konferenz der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der WI 2009 in Wien fortgeführt. Dieser Band fasst die zum Vortrag ausgewählten Beiträge zusammen. Table of Contents: Tina Balke, On the Enforcement of Institutions for Reducing Uncertainty in

ldquoCloudrdquo computing - a relatively recent term, builds on decades of research in virtualization, distributed computing, utility computing, and more recently networking, web and software services. It implies a service oriented architecture, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, great flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, on-demand services and many other things. This paper discusses the concept of ldquocloudrdquo computing, issues it tries to address, related research topics, and a ldquocloudrdquo implementation available today.

The I-WEST workshop is a scientific event of IICREST, the Interdisciplinary Institute for Collaboration and Research on Enterprise Systems and Technology. I-WEST aims at providing a platform to researchers and practitioners, from academia and industry, to discuss challenges, solutions, ideas and experiences related to the broad field of enterprise systems and technology. Each year, a special theme is chosen within this broad field, in order to make presentations and discussions more focused. The theme of We wish all presenters and attendees an inspiring workshop, and a nice stay in the beautiful city of Enschede.

The paper describes the model-based approach CloudMIG. Cloud computing supplies software, platforms, and infrastructures as a service (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS, respectively) over a network connection. Cloud providers frequently offer the services according to the utility computing paradigm. Therefore, cloud computing provides means for reducing over-and under-provisioning through enabling a highly flexible resource allocation. Running an existing software system on a cloud computing basis usually involves extensive reengineering activities during the migration. Current migration approaches suffer from several shortcomings. For example, they are often limited to specific cloud environments or do not provide automated support for the alignment with a cloud environment. We present our model-based approach CloudMIG which addresses these shortcomings. It aims at supporting SaaS providers to semi-automatically migrate existing enterprise software systems to scalable and resource-efficient PaaS and IaaS-based applications.

... H. Abu-Rub is with Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar (e-mail: haitham.abu-rub@ qatar.tamu.edu). ... 2008. [10] KM Al-Hussain, “Dynamic stability of two rigid rotors connected by a flexible coupling with angular misalignment,” J. Sound Vib., vol. 266, no. 2, pp. ...

1. Scenario and problem definition 1.1. The Vision of Perfect Competition Utility Computing Computational Economies The vision of Utility Computing (UtiC) has gained significant interest in the last years and has become a popular buzzword, that describes the idea of packaging of computing resources, such as storage space, server capacity, bandwidth or computer processing time, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility (such as electricity, water, natural gas, or telephone network) and the provision of these fungible resources over the Internet based on usage rather than on a flat-rate basis 1. UtiC envisions that in contrast to traditional models of web hosting where the web site owner purchases or leases a single server or space on a shared server and is charged a fixed fee, the fixed costs are substituted by variable costs and he is charged upon how many of the fungible resources he actually uses on demand over a given period of time in order to perform his computationally intensive calculations. The idea behind this vision is that computational economies (i.e. markets) are used for allocating scarce UtiC resources [1] as not only UtiC can be refined in such a way that it fulfills all fundamental functions necessary to be treated as a computational economy [24], but in addition the price mechanism of computational economies works as "invisible hand" enabling an efficient, scalable and stable UtiC resource allocation. The corresponding business idea is that if a company has to pay only for what it is using it can adapt its cost structure and will be able to economize, i.e. save money, while the company offering utility computing resources can benefit from economies of scale by using the same infrastructure to serve multiple clients [4]. Looking at existing markets in which UtiC resources are traded (and thereby going down from the high level economic concept of UtiC to cloud computing or grid computing) it has to be noted that at the moment oligopoly-like infrastructures are predominant in this area, i.e. a few large sellers serve a large number of small buyers. However, from an economic point of view, this situation is problematic, as oligopolies strongly favor sellers and lead to an uneven wealth distribution as the sellers can agree on a joint price above the market rate that would otherwise prevail in a competitive environment. As however, UtiC builds on the Internet as underlying infrastructure and today Internet access is getting cheaper and cheaper, it can be argued that relatively small entry barriers for new sellers exist that will want to compete with the established oligopolistic sellers for profitable market shares. As soon as these sellers do enter the market and do not follow the oligopolistic price but underbid it, a price competition will be started moving the price downwards. This again will attract new buyers as well as new sellers that want to siphon off

Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) have been used extensively to provide wastewater treatment throughout the world. However, no rigorous assessment of WSPs that account for cost in addition to hydrodynamics and treatment efficiency has been performed. A study was conducted that utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with an optimization program to optimize the selection of the best WSP configuration based on cost and treatment efficiency. The results of monitoring the fecal coliform concentration at the reactor outlet showed that the conventional 70% pond-width baffle pond design is not consistently the best pond configuration as previously reported in the literature. The target effluent log reduction can be achieved by reducing the amount of construction material and tolerating some degree of fluid mixing within the pond. As expected, the multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization did produce a lower-cost WSP design compared to a SIMPLEX optimization algorithm, however, with only a marginal increase in the effluent microbial log reduction. Several other designs generated by the CFD/optimization model showed that both shorter and longer baffles, alternative depths, and reactor length to width ratios could improve the hydraulic efficiency of the ponds at a reduced overall construction cost.

While security is often supported in standard management frameworks, it has been insufficiently approached in most deployment and research initiatives. In this paper we address the provisioning of a security “continuum” for management frameworks based on XML/SNMP gateways. We provide an in depth security extension of such a gateway using the Role Based Access Control paradigm and show how to integrate our approach within a broader XML-based management framework.

In this paper we describe the demonstration of selected security & contract management capabilities of an early prototype infrastructure enabling dynamic Virtual Organisations for the purpose of providing virtualised services and resources that can be offered on-demand, following a utility computing model, and integrated into aggregated services whose components may be distributed across enterprise boundaries. The ideas underpinning this prototype have been investigated in the context of European projects TrustCoM [1], ELeGI [2] and GRASP [4] where initial prototype development has taken place.

Utility Computing (UC) is concerned with the provisioning of computational resources (compute-power, storage, network bandwidth), on a per-need basis, to corporate businesses. Service-level Agreements (SLAs)contracts between a provider and a customer -are a sine qua non in the deployment of UC. A crucial stage in the life-cycle of contracts (such as SLAs) is their automated performance monitoring while active; a significant aspect of which concerns the tracking of contract state. In this work, we define an ontology to capture aspects of SLAs that are pertinent to the tracking of state for performance monitoring, and generalise these aspects so that the ontology may be applicable to other contract domains. The ontology is formalised as an XML-based language, called CTXML (contract tracking XML). The semantics for CTXML are presented in terms of a computational model based on the Event Calculus.

Forest structure data derived from lidar is being used in forest science and management for inventory analysis, biomass estimation, and wildlife habitat analysis. Regression analysis dominated previous approaches to the derivation of tree stem and crown parameters from lidar. The regression model for tree parameters is locally applied based on vertical lidar point density, the tree species involved, and stand structure in the specific research area. The results of this approach, therefore, are location-specific, limiting its applicability to other areas. For a more widely applicable approach to derive tree parameters, we developed an innovative method called 'wrapped surface reconstruction' that employs radial basis functions and an isosurface. Utilizing computer graphics, we capture the exact shape of an irregular tree crown of various tree species based on the lidar point cloud and visualize their exact crown formation in three-dimensional space. To validate the tree parameters given by our wrapped surface approach, survey-grade equipment (a total station) was used to measure the crown shape. Four vantage points were established for each of 55 trees to capture whole-tree crown profiles georeferenced with post-processed differential GPS points. The observed tree profiles were linearly interpolated to estimate crown volume. These fieldwork-generated profiles were compared with the wrapped surface to assess goodness of fit. For coniferous trees, the following tree crown parameters derived by the wrapped surface method were highly correlated (p b 0.05) with the total station-derived measurements: tree height (R 2 = 0.95), crown width (R 2 = 0.80), live crown base (R 2 = 0.92), height of the lowest branch (R 2 = 0.72), and crown volume (R 2 =0.84). For deciduous trees, wrapped surface-derived parameters of tree height (R 2 = 0.96), crown width (R 2 =0.75), live crown base (R 2 = 0.53), height of the lowest branch (R 2 = 0.51), and crown volume (R 2 = 0.89) were correlated with the total station-derived measurements. The wrapped surface technique is less susceptible to errors in estimation of tree parameters because of exact interpolation using the radial basis functions. The effect of diminished energy return causes the low correlation for lowest branches in deciduous trees (R 2 = 0.51), even though leaf-off lidar data was used. The wrapped surface provides fast and automated detection of micro-scale tree parameters for specific applications in areas such as tree physiology, fire modeling, and forest inventory.

People increasingly generate content on their mobile devices and upload it to third-party services such as Facebook and Google Latitude for sharing and backup purposes. Although these services are convenient and useful, their use has important privacy implications due to their centralized nature and their acquisitions of rights to user-contributed content. This paper argues that people's interests would be be better served by uploading their data to a machine that they themselves own and control. We term these machines Virtual Individual Servers (VISs) because our preferred instantiation is a virtual machine running in a highly-available utility computing infrastructure. By using VISs, people can better protect their privacy because they retain ownership of their data and remain in control over the software and policies that determine what data is shared with whom. This paper also describes a range of applications of VIS proxies. It then presents our initial implementation and evaluation of one of these applications, a decentralized framework for mobile social services based on VISs. Our experience so far suggests that building such applications on top of the VIS concept is feasible and desirable.

Swiftly increasing demand of computational calculations in the process of business, transferring of files under certain protocols and data centers force to develop an emerging technology cater to the services for computational need, highly manageable and secure storage. To fulfill these technological desires cloud computing is the best answer by introducing various sorts of service platforms in high computational environment. Cloud computing is the most recent paradigm promising to turn around the vision of “computing utilities” into reality. The term “cloud computing” is relatively new, there is no universal agreement on this definition. In this paper, we go through with different area of expertise of research and novelty in cloud computing domain and its usefulness in the genre of management. Even though the cloud computing provides many distinguished features, it still has certain sorts of short comings amidst with comparatively high cost for both private and public clouds. It is the way of congregating amasses of information and resources stored in personal computers and other gadgets and further putting them on the public cloud for serving users. Resource management in a cloud environment is a hard problem, due to the scale of modern data centers, their interdependencies along with the range of objectives of the different actors in a cloud ecosystem. Cloud computing is turning to be one of the most explosively expanding technologies in the computing industry in this era. It authorizes the users to transfer their data and computation to remote location with minimal impact on system performance. With the evolution of virtualization technology, cloud computing has been emerged to be distributed systematically or strategically on full basis. The idea of cloud computing has not only restored the field of distributed systems but also fundamentally changed how business utilizes computing today. Resource management in cloud computing is in fact a typical problem which is due to the scale of modern data centers, the variety of resource types and their inter dependencies, unpredictability of load along with the range of objectives of the different actors in a cloud ecosystem.

Cloud computing is becoming increasingly fashionable in distributed computing environment. Processing and Data storage use cloud environment is becoming a movement universal. Software as a Service (SaaS) has on many business applications as well as in our day to day life, we can simply say that this disruptive technology. Cloud computing can be seen since Internet-based computing, in which shared resources, software, and information are made available to devices on demand. It allows resources towards leveraged on per-use basis. It diminishes cost and complexity of service providers by means of assets and operational costs. It allows users to access applications tenuously. On behalf of user, this construct directs cloud service provider to feel software updates and cost of servers etc. For both, cloud providers and consumers; availability, integrity, authenticity, confidentiality, and privacy are important concern. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) serves as base layer for many other release models and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) clouds. Security of PaaS clouds is considered from multiple perspective including access control, service continuity and privacy while protecting together the service provider and the user. Security problems of PaaS clouds are explored and classified. In this paper we are going to some major security issues of current cloud computing environments. Keywords-cloud computing; deployment model; service level agreement; utility computing; privacy; platform as a service; software as a service; infrastructure as a service;

This paper identifies challenges in managing resources in a Grid computing environment and proposes computational economy as a metaphor for effective management of resources and application scheduling. It identifies distributed resource management challenges and requirements of economy-based Grid systems, and discusses various representative economy-based systems, both historical and emerging, for cooperative and competitive trading of resources such as CPU cycles, storage, and network bandwidth. It presents an extensible, service-oriented Grid architecture driven by Grid economy and an approach for its realization by leveraging various existing Grid technologies. It also presents commodity and auction models for resource allocation. The use of commodity economy model for resource management and application scheduling in both computational and data grids is also presented.

Heuristic algorithms strengthen researchers to solve more complex and combinatorial problems in a reasonable time. Markowitz's Mean-Variance portfolio selection model is one of those aforesaid problems. Actually, Markowitz's model is a nonlinear (quadratic) programming problem which has been solved by a variety of heuristic and non-heuristic techniques. In this paper a portfolio selection model which is based on Markowitz's portfolio selection problem including three of the most important limitations is considered. The results can lead Markowitz's model to a more practical one. Minimum transaction lots, cardinality constraints (both of which have been presented before in other researches) and market (sector) capitalization (which is proposed in this research for the first time as a constraint for Markowitz model), are considered in extended model. No study has ever proposed and solved this expanded model. To solve this mixed-integer nonlinear programming (NP-Hard), a corresponding genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized. Computational study is performed in two main parts; first, verifying and validating proposed GA and second, studying the applicability of presented model using large scale problems.

Consumers are often observed to purchase more than one variety of a product on a given shopping trip. The simultaneous demand for varieties is observed not only for packaged goods such as yogurt or soft drinks, but in many other product categories such as movies, music compact disks, and apparel. Multinomial (MN) choice models can-

Businesses have become dependent on ever increasing amounts of electronic information and rapid transaction speeds. Experts such as Diffie [1] speculate that the end of isolated computing is at hand, and that within the next decade most businesses will have made the shift to utility computing. In order to cut costs while still implementing increasingly complex Information Technology services, many companies turned to Application Service Providers (ASPs). Due to poor business models, over competition, and poor internet availability and bandwidth, many ASPs failed with the dot com crash.
Other ASPs, however, who embraced web services architecture and true internet delivery were well placed as early cloud adopters. With the expanded penetration and bandwidth of internet services today, better business plans, and a wide divergence of offering, cloud computing is avoiding the ASP downfall, and is positioned to emerge as an enduring paradigm in computing.

Heuristic algorithms strengthen researchers to solve more complex and combinatorial problems in a reasonable time. Markowitz's Mean-Variance portfolio selection model is one of those aforesaid problems. Actually, Markowitz's model is a nonlinear (quadratic) programming problem which has been solved by a variety of heuristic and non-heuristic techniques. In this paper a portfolio selection model which is based on Markowitz's portfolio selection problem including three of the most important limitations is considered. The results can lead Markowitz's model to a more practical one. Minimum transaction lots, cardinality constraints (both of which have been presented before in other researches) and market (sector) capitalization (which is proposed in this research for the first time as a constraint for Markowitz model), are considered in extended model. No study has ever proposed and solved this expanded model. To solve this mixed-integer nonlinear programming (NP-Hard), a corresponding genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized. Computational study is performed in two main parts; first, verifying and validating proposed GA and second, studying the applicability of presented model using large scale problems.

The recent development in Cloud computing has enabled the realization of delivering computing as utility. A number of companies have started building Cloud and Grid computing environments, and offering access to the resources as a "Pay as you go" basis. This has created a need for a market exchange (ME) that brings providers and consumers together and facilitates their trading. Such market environment eases the process of finding, comparing and buying, since they aggregate goods and services from a variety of sources and display them in a way which is helpful to customers. In this paper we propose a ME framework called "Mandi" that allows consumers and providers to trade computing resources according to their requirements. We first present the ME requirements that motivated our design and discuss how these facilitate trading of compute resources using multiple market models. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the first prototype of "Mandi" in terms of its scalability.

In today's business and economic conditions, enterprise customers are demanding information technology (IT) solutions that are cheaper, less complex, and easier to install. At the same time, independent software vendors (ISVs) are seeing revenue from their core licensed offerings erode because of competition and market saturation. Many believe that the answer to these problems is to offer IT solutions by means of utility computing. Like an electric utility, software applications can be offered as on demand services, and customers pay only for what they use. Creating and implementing such utilities is by no means trivial. It requires some expert help and adherence to established standards and guidelines. In this paper we describe the design of such a process that we call the Application Enablement Program. The process helps ISVs transform their applications into on demand services. This process is structured, repeatable, and globally deployable.

This keynote paper: presents a 21 st century vision of computing; identifies various computing paradigms promising to deliver the vision of computing utilities; defines Cloud computing and provides the architecture for creating market-oriented Clouds by leveraging technologies such as VMs; provides thoughts on market-based resource management strategies that encompass both customer-driven service management and computational risk management to sustain SLAoriented resource allocation; presents some representative Cloud platforms especially those developed in industries along with our current work towards realising market-oriented resource allocation of Clouds by leveraging the 3 rd generation Aneka enterprise Grid technology; reveals our early thoughts on interconnecting Clouds for dynamically creating an atmospheric computing environment along with pointers to future community research; and concludes with the need for convergence of competing IT paradigms for delivering our 21 st century vision.

We present a new image-based stereoscopic painterly algorithm that we use to automatically generate stereoscopic paintings. Our work is motivated by contemporary painters who have explored the aesthetic implications of painting stereo pairs of canvases. We base our method on two real images, acquired from spatially displaced cameras. We derive a depth map by utilizing computer vision depth-from-stereo techniques and use this information to plan and render stereo paintings. These paintings can be viewed stereoscopically, in which case the pictorial medium is perceptually extended by the viewer to better suggest the sense of distance.

Sustainable Information Technology (IT) refers to the practice of utilizing computing resources more efficiently while maintaining or increasing overall performance. Sustainable IT's first wave is often referred to as "green IT" and primarily focuses on reducing energy costs and carbon footprints of datacenters and IT operations. However, it is the emerging second wave, which emphasizes the role of IT services as an enabler of the overall corporate sustainability strategy that may hold the most promise for sustainability-based innovation. This paper provides a review of the literature on the current state of sustainable IT and presents a strategy framework for its future development.

This keynote paper: presents a 21 st century vision of computing; identifies various computing paradigms promising to deliver the vision of computing utilities; defines Cloud computing and provides the architecture for creating market-oriented Clouds by leveraging technologies such as VMs; provides thoughts on market-based resource management strategies that encompass both customer-driven service management and computational risk management to sustain SLAoriented resource allocation; presents some representative Cloud platforms especially those developed in industries along with our current work towards realising market-oriented resource allocation of Clouds by leveraging the 3 rd generation Aneka enterprise Grid technology; reveals our early thoughts on interconnecting Clouds for dynamically creating an atmospheric computing environment along with pointers to future community research; and concludes with the need for convergence of competing IT paradigms for delivering our 21 st century vision.