Underwater Archaeology

"Early colonial economies in North America and Australia were commonly based on a combination of the importation of goods and a system of local production which included subsistence agriculture and hunting. Before 1850 the Australian settlements had a very limited and only slowly developing capacity to create or harvest, local supplies of food and alcohol. Furthermore in the nineteenth century the Australian colonies never developed the capacity to produce certain kinds of consumer goods. In the Australian contact the period and degree of "dependency" on external sources of supply varied according to well recognised factors like the growth of population and establishing or importing the means of production to the colony.

This book chapter considers trade between Canada and Australia through an examination of the voyage of the William Salthouse in what was the earliest attempt to establish trade relations between Canada and Australia."

The wrecks of merchant ships transporting amphorae with wine and oil represent
an important source of information for the reconstructions of antique economy
in the western part of the Mediterranean. Following the analysis of submerged finds,
it was possible to validate the findings obtained at land sites, create a classification of
Roman amphorae and verify their chronology, which proved particularly important
in the case of Greek-Italian amphorae, i.e. Dressel 1, Pascual 1 and Dressel 2-4 (for
wine) and Dressel 20 (for oil), as well as reconstruct trade routes and the distribution
of wine and oil production centres in particular areas of the Roman Empire during
the Republican and Imperial periods.

This archaeological community-engaged research focuses on locating, recording, photographing, and classifying, rock art (pictographs and petroglyphs) designs within Heiltsuk and Wuikinuxv Nations' territories. The two areas are on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada: River's Inlet/Owikeno Lake (Wuikinuxv Territory, near Oweekeno village), and Roscoe Inlet (Heiltsuk Territory, near Bella Bella). By listening to stories and visiting rock art locations its deep history and significance can begin to be comprehended. Throughout this research 58 rock art sites were visited and over 900 designs were categorized into nine types. Within this context I consider the feasibility and benefits of digital contrast adjustment of photographs using DStretch, a plugin created for ImageJ, that renders visible faint traces of pigment which can not be seen with the naked eye. Additionally, the potential of underwater archaeology (scuba diving) for the discovery and recording of rock art sites is explored. iv

Occasionally the archaeological ship reconstructor is fortunate enough to encounter the remains of a vessel on which shipwrights' design marks have been preserved. La Belle (1684) has the most extensive and complete set of such marks documented to date. The distinguishing features of the distribution, number, and placement of La Belle's surmarks associate it with a graphic design system of "geometric fairing with diagonals," which was in use in French shipbuilding in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Section I of this essay presents the archaeological and documentary evidence that supports the conclusion that a graphic design system of "geometric fairing with diagonals" was used in La Belle's construction. It also discusses how and which specific measurements were applied to the reconstructed design procedures to regenerate La Belle's archaeologically documented hull shape.

Section II examines whether La Belle's design system was a completely new invention or whether it was developed from existing concepts of ship design. It will be argued that this system actually expanded on the basic concepts of Mediterranean moulding—a non-graphic design system of geometric fairing that was in use in European shipbuilding for centuries prior to La Belle's construction—in the process of adapting them to the methods of orthographic drawing.

SUMMARY: Chapter 8, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers what typically survives, what constitutes an "artifact", interpreting usage, obtaining materials (e.g., quarrying; mining), transporting materials, installing materials, manufacturing items, identifying function, experimental archaeology, etc., regarding stone, bone, antler, shell, leather, wood, plant, metal, faience, glass, and other materials and diverse artifacts.  In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record.  UPDATED May 2023.

progress". So say those in the know about this unique Swiss watch company, where each and every moment moves forward to create the future at breathtaking speed. Hublot's reputation dates back three decades: during this era, it was the first Swiss watch luxury brand to fuse precious metals with less conventional materials such as natural rubber. This creative concept, known as the "Art of Fusion", combined with an original design, led to a veritable revolution in the watchmaking industry.

https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/jean-pierre-brun/symposium-2021-2022.htm
The production and use of amphorae in the Phoenician world was a very important economic sector, both in the Levant and in all the areas colonized by the Phoenicians since the early 1st millennium BC and in the urban communities that developed in these areas on the basis of such colonial roots. Amphorae were an indispensable tool for transporting products such as wine, olive oil or salted fish, which were not only in great demand but also played an essential role in the economies of most of the Phoenician and Punic cities of the West. These amphorae were manufactured both in Carthage and its area of influence and in Gadir and its "Atlantic circle", following certain size, weight and capacity standards, adapting in each case the oriental traditions to the local regulations and needs. In this context, the production (in parallel to the "normal size" containers) of small-sized versions, interpreted in many cases as "miniatures" closer to household plain wares, without an economic value similar to that of their prototypes, was observed long ago. Their frequent finding in cult contexts (as offerings) and especially in funerary areas (necropolises and tofets) suggested this functional connection, and some scholars considered that their manufacture was specifically intended for this function as votives. In recent years, the study of a large group of items in Cadiz (the ancient Gadir) and in the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula has allowed to refute the idea that in this area they were used in funerary contexts, and in turn has confirmed that the "miniatures" reproduced in detail the profiles of the amphorae of normal size, with capacities that are divisors of the same capacity standard for liquids. The distribution of these small amphorae, which includes findings both on land and underwater in various parts of the region, also supports that they were not only used as votive offerings in the maritime sanctuaries of the Bay of Cadiz, but may also have been used for commercial purposes. The aim of the paper will therefore be to discuss the available archaeological evidence and, in the absence of additional sources (epigraphic, literary, etc.), to place these data from Cadiz in the general context of the production of small amphorae in the Phoenician-Punic world, tracing the possible existence of "commercial samples".

Im Rahmen der Gewässerökologie werden aktuelle Kartierungen der Unterwassersituationen in Form von 3D-Modellen und Probenentnahmen benötigt, um Informationen über den Zustand eines Gewässers zu erhalten und Maßnahmen abzuleiten. In der ersten Stufe wurde das Mini-
U-Boot Cousteau-II dafür entwickelt und derart mit Sensorik ausgestattet, dass eine semi-autonome Dokumentation mit dem Ziel eines hochauflösenden Unterwassermodells möglich ist. Die semi-autonome Steuerung unter Wasser basiert auf einer Echtzeit-3D-Rekonstruktion mit ORB-SLAM. Da die durch ORB-SLAM erhaltenen Punktwolken nur einen relativen Bezug besitzen, wurde für eine absolute Kartierung in UTM-Koordinaten ein automatisches, indirektes Georeferenzierungverfahren entwickelt. Da das Mini-U-Boot über eine
Funkstrecke mit der Basis kommuniziert, nutzt das Verfahren
dabei die in der Boje vorhandenen GPS-Informationen und
leitet aus den aktuellen Bewegungsmustern und Tauchtiefen die
Position und Orientierung des Mini-U-Boots ab. Da die Unterwasserdokumentation in Zukunft neben videogrammetrischen
Rekonstruktionsverfahren parallel auch Probenentnahmen ermöglichen
soll, wurde die Hardware mittels Solarpanelen derart vorbereitet, dass eine Tauchfahrt über einen längeren Zeitraum möglich wird.

I den beskrevne marinarkeologiske forundersøkelsen ble det gravd 12 prøvesjakter på 11 forskjellige lokaliteter i Vågen, Bergen. Undersøkelsen ga en stor og variert mengde funn av
gjenstander, fra middelalder fram til i dag. Det ble ikke påvist vrak, større anomalier eller andre objekter på de stedene hvor de akustiske forundersøkelsene tilsa at det skulle være slike nede i bunnmassene. Funnene domineres av etterreformatorisk materiale slik som keramikk, krittpiper og glass, men det ble også funnet store mengder organisk materiale, slik som lær, bein og tregjenstander. I havnen er det naturlig å tolke mange av funnene som enten brekkasje fra skipslaster eller bruksgjenstander om bord i båter, som av en eller annen grunn har vært kastet over bord. Funnene på sjøbunnen er derfor vernet gjennom Kulturminnelovens § 14.

De områdene med størst potensiale for marinarkeologiske kulturminner synes å være i Vågens indre del. Her er det generelt stor tetthet av funn. Resultatene viser også at det her er intakte kulturlag på opptil 1,85m tykkelse på sjøbunnen. Dette gjelder særlig området langs Bryggen, hvor også bevaringsforholdene for arkeologisk materiale synes gode. I den ytre delen av Vågen er sjøbunnen preget av omrotning og til dels lave, men varierende funnmengder.

This paper describes ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) that can take sample of contaminated water and soil while the operator operates it on the shore or ship. User can operate ROV wirelessly. ROV is equipped with camera, robot hand, GPS, accelerometer, compass, and other devices. The ROV is aimed to help researchers to research contaminated water and soil that can be applied in and on the lake, river, and sea. The way it operates are syphoning water with mini pump and taking soil sample with robot hand. The result shows that all hardware and software can run well underwater. So that, ROV in this experiment can be used to take sample of contaminated water and soil in the place with maximum a depth of 1m. For the next experiment, this ROV will be tested in other place with a depth more than 1m. however, this ROV will continue to be refined to be maximally utilized. the total paddy field (983 Ha) in the fourth villages with a yield of around 0.50-0.60 tons GK / H were

The contribution presents a practical account of the techniques and systems for bathymetric survey which can be applied for the benefit of underwater archaeological research. Single-beam and multi-beam echosounder systems are compared as applied in surveying select Roman underwater structures along the coastline of the Slovenian shore. The two systems are basically similar, and yet there are several considerable differences in the field. While the first is relatively simple and it can produce a general morphological document of the sea bed, the second is technically much more advanced and at small depths can produce a detailed bathymetric model from which plans may then be compiled.

While caribou hunting structures are well known in the circumpolar region, equivalent features are difficult to investigate further south due to significant changes in sea level and subsequent human activity. The discovery of hunting structures on submerged landforms beneath modern Lake Huron provides a new window into caribou hunting in the mid-latitudes. This paper summarizes current findings and considers both the strategies for hunting caribou and the necessary organizational implications for such activities on the Alpena-Amberley Ridge. It is shown that many of the features known in the circumpolar region are also present in the mid-latitudes, but that significant differences are also observed. Many of these differences seem attributable to the seasonal migration of vast caribou herds across the causeway-like setting of the Alpena-Amberley Ridge.

Rapporten beskriver utravning, dokumentasjon og flytting / redeponering av større vrakdeler som ble registrert på grunnt vann i forbindelse med utvidelse av et havneanlegg. Vrakdelene viste seg å være skrogsider fra et større kravellbygget fartøy og undersøkelsen av dem var ledd i en dispensasjon fra kkulturminneloven § 14. Skipsrestene var trolig ikke eldre enn 200 år. Mest sannsynlig tolkning av forlissituasjonen er at det var rester av et forlis som må ha skjedd i den ytre skjærgådr og der vrakdeler, last og inventar er distribuert over et flere kvadratkilometer stort område. Sekundært i de utgravede massene ble det funnet et garnsøkke av kleberstein.

Blog post 12/28/2013 at http://crmplus.blogspot.com/ I can't now find the post, but someone this morning (28 December 2013) posted a link to an article in the Baton Rouge, Louisiana Advocate -http://theadvocate.com/home/7777931-125/state-warehouse-seeks-funds-for .

Em Setembro de 2006 foi achada fortuitamente uma boca de fogo em bronze nas proximidades da Ponta do Altar (Ferragudo, Lagoa), tendo a missão oficial de verificação do achado levado à descoberta de uma segunda. As duas bocas de fogo, assim como outras evidências arqueológicas identificadas, estão relacionadas com o contexto de naufrágio da primeira metade do século XVII convencionalmente designado Ponta do Altar
B, cujos primeiros vestígios, em tudo análogos, foram oficialmente declarados e identificados entre 1992 e
1993.

As a long-time admirer of classical music, I was always particularly interested in symphonic descriptions of the Sea. Since several years I began taking notes of the pieces on the subject and finally it took a form of the current compilation. This program is not pretended to be comprehensive as it is based on my personal musical preferences which would equally explain the domination of the Russian composers.
I would like to address this program to my family that admires the Sea, to my shipmates of archaeological missions in Egypt and those of the sailing frigate ‘L’Hermione’, as well as to all people that love symphonic music and the Sea.
The accompanying text section (in English, Russian and French) includes general information and some curious facts concerning the creation of each piece.
I wish you a nice listening,
A.B.

The contents of the French shipwreck La Belle, lost in Matagorda Bay, Texas in 1686,  included numerous intact and fragmentary staved containers or casks. This paper, which was presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology's 30th Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology in January 1997 while the Belle excavation was ongoing, provides a preliminary analysis of these remains and a comparison with similar containers from other shipwreck sites.

Until recently, coastal settlements have been poorly recognised within the official archaeological discourse. The region of Sinis, during the Bronze and Iron Age, represents a privileged setting for the study of the relationship between human groups and coastal areas: this territory is rich in settlements built close to the seashore, often located in bay areas that were essential to provide a safe harbour for ships. In this paper, the author analyze and discussa the archaeological evidence from the underwater survey carried out within the Capo Mannu Project in the years 2011-2013, in order to explore the relationship between nuragic communities and the sea.
Key words: Bronze Age, Sinis, underwater survey, settlements, Capo Mannu Project.

Seventeen flakes and 1 unifacial scraper have been recovered from submerged archaeological sites on the Alpena-Amberley Ridge, a landform across the Lake Huron basin that was dry land 7500–9500 years ago. These lithic artifacts—recovered during systematic sampling and excavation by SCUBA divers— were in close association with stone constructed caribou hunting features. They most likely indicate tool maintenance and scraping activities during hunting, butchering, and hide processing behaviors. The majority of lithic artifacts (13 flakes and the scraper) come from an elaborate caribou hunting site with drive lanes and hunting blinds: Drop 45. The remaining 4 flakes come from two localities with additional hunting structures. This chapter describes all the lithic artifacts recovered to date, including metrics, raw material types, and context, and discusses what these artifacts demonstrate about hunters and hunting on the Alpena-Amberley Ridge.

Nell’ambito del “Progetto Cultura Sommersa”, l’Associazione CMAS Diving Center Italia organizza corsi di Archeologia Subacquea, sviluppati su 2 livelli, secondo gli standard CMAS.
Il Brevetto CMAS Archaeology Diver per un approccio alla materia e il Brevetto CMAS Archaeology Adavanced Diver per conseguire una preparazione specifica.
Dalle principali nozioni dell’archeologia subacquea, con metodo scientifico e spunti di approfondimento con ampia documentazione bibliografica, si studiano siti sommersi, relitti, metodologie e tecniche di rilievo in immersione, dai fondamenti della picchettatura alla comprensione delle anomalie di fondali che segnalano un'area di interesse archeologico con una corretta compilazione di schede di rinvenimento.

"I 2011 gjennomførte Norsk Maritimt Museum en utgravning på et forlissted ved Ulvøysund i Lillesand, Aust Agder. Stedet er værhardt. I brytningen mellom holmer og skjær, tett på storhavet, ved innseilingen til flere uthavner og en skjermet kystnær led, ligger det. Første iøynefallende bevis på at et fartøy hadde gått til bunns her var lasten; to ansamlinger runde, flate stein med hull i. Kvernsteiner. Nærmere bestemt håndkvernsteiner. En bruksting folk var avhengig av for å male sitt korn, skaffe sitt daglige brød hjemme på gårdene. Men òg en handelsvare det opp gjennom historien er skipet ut tonnevis av fra Norges kyster. Det er tale om en riktig lang eksporthistorie.

Så langt konkluderer arkeologiske funn på landjorden rundt Nordsjøbassenget, og undersøkelser ved et av de antatt eldste bruddstedene der kvernstein er hugget ut av fjellet i Norge, at begynnelsen av denne industrihistorien kan tidfestes til 700-tallet e.Kr. (Kresten et al. 1996; Carelli et al. 1997; Baug 2005). Shipping med denne tonnasjen fortsatte ifølge skriftlige og arkeologiske kilder i mer enn tusen år. Det lar seg derfor hevde at et betydelig antall fartøy må ha seilt fra Norge med dette steinproduktet i lasten. På tross av det er svært få forlissteder kjent, og enda færre undersøkt og datert. Øverst på ønskelisten forut for utgravningen ved Ulvøysund, var derfor å forsøke datere denne tidskapselen (Nymoen 2011: 40). Det lyktes vi med.

Resultatene var mildt sagt oppsiktsvekkende. Det er så langt et av få kjente kvernsteinslaster som er datert, og eldst av norske skipsfunn undersøkt med undervannsarkeologiske metoder. Vi har på langt nær kunnet utforske alle resultatene fra utgravningen. Mange analyser, mer feltarbeid og gransking av funnstedet gjenstår. Imidlertid vet vi allerede nå at lokaliteten er uhyre løfterik; egnet til å bringe inn ny kunnskap om sjøfarten i Norge i tidlig historisk tid. At det her kan gis en første beretning om hva vi vet så langt skal fritidsdykkerne takkes for.
"

Expedition to positive identify the shipwreck of the Italian Regia Marina battleship Regina Margherita, sunk 11th November 1916 by the German minelayer submarine  UC 14 off the harbour of Valona (Albania). The expedition received the appointment and patronage of the Ministero degli Affari Esteri della Repubblica Italiana, Italian Embassy in Tirana and Italian Consulate in Valona.