Test Case

test case adalah dokumen yang menggambarkan input, tindakan, atau peristiwa dan respon yang diharapkan, untuk menentukan apakah fitur dari aplikasi bekerja dengan benar. Berikut ini contoh penerapan test case dalam melakukan software testing.

Ina software testing domain, different techniques and
approaches  are  used  to  support  the  process  of
regression  testing  in  an  effective  way.  The  main
approaches  are  test  suite  minimization,  test  case
prioritization  and  test  case  selection.  Test  case
prioritization  techniques  improve  the  performance  of
regression  testing,  and  arrange  test  cases  in  order  to
obtain  maximum  available  fault  that  is  going  to  be
detected  in  a  shorter  time.  User-sessions  and  cookies
are unique features of web applications that are useful
in  regression  testing  because  they  have  precious
information about the application state before and after
any change that is made to the software code. The main
challenge  is  the  effectiveness  of  average  percentage
fault detection rate and time constraint in the existing
techniques. Thus, in this research the priority is given
to  clustering  test  cases  that  are  performed  based  on
some  criteria  related  to  http  requests  which  collected
from  the  database  of  server  side.  To  verify  the  new
technique  some  fault  will  be  seeded  in  subject
application  then  applying  the  prioritization  criteria  on
test  cases  for  comparing  the  effectiveness  of  average
percentage  fault  detection  rate  and  time  with  existing
techniques.

Test cases (TC) are fundamental units in software engineering in general, and particularly in software testing. In addition, TCs are often used as a metric and work unit in monitoring and controlling test efforts. A thorough review of the literature reveals that there is no formal and agreed-upon definition of a TC, hence, we see benefits in formalizing a unified, well defined and structured TC definition. In this paper we present a brief literature review of the TC concept, explore the definitions of TCs, propose a classification of the various definitions into four categories, and highlight the conceptualization underlying each category. The focus of the paper is the introduction of an alternative structured definition of a TC, illustrated by a real-world example. The proposed definition presents a TC as a composition of five structures: TC factors, Internal Activities and Flows, Dynamic External Interaction Element, Basic Verification Calls, and the TC Output and Results. We elaborate on the five structures, illustrate their content using a realworld example, and suggest benefits accrued by generating TCs structured accordingly. In conclusion we discuss implications of this work for theory and practice, limitations, and future research trajectories opened by the proposed TC definition.

The correctness of compilers is instrumental in the safety and reliability of other software systems, as bugs in compilers can produce executables that do not reflect the intent of programmers. Such errors are difficult to identify and debug. Random test program generators are commonly used in testing compilers, and they have been effective in uncovering bugs. However, the problem of guiding these test generators to produce test programs that are more likely to find bugs remains challenging. In this paper, we use the code snippets in the bug reports to guide the test generation. The main idea of this work is to extract insights from the bug reports about the language features that are more prone to inadequate implementation and using the insights to guide the test generators. We use the GCC C compiler to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach. In particular, we first cluster the test programs in the GCC bugs reports based on their features. We then use the centroids of the clusters to compute configurations for Csmith, a popular test generator for C compilers. We evaluated this approach on eight versions of GCC and found that our approach provides higher coverage and triggers more miscompilation failures than the state-of-the-art test generation techniques for GCC.

Format test case untuk software testing, dimana terdiri dari identifikasi yang dapat menjelaskan detail informasi testing yang dilakukan, dimana testing mengandung status "pass" ataupun "fail" dan juga mengandung status prioritas testing (high, medium, low).

This deliverable introduces generic scenarios based on fundamental challenges, and the specific problem description of test cases that will be relevant for beyond future radio access. Specific characteristics of each scenario and each test case include the key assumptions regarding requirements and key performance indicators. In order not to constrain the potential solutions, the requirements are specified from an end-user perspective. The deliverable will not only serve as the guideline for the technical work and system concept design in METIS, but also can serve in external research communities to help to harmonize the work towards the future radio access system including the new generation system of 5G.

With the advent of WWW and outburst in technology and software development, testing the software became a major concern. Due to the importance of the testing phase in a software development lifecycle, testing has been divided into graphical user interface (GUI) based testing, logical testing, integration testing, etc.GUI Testing has become very important as it provides more sophisticated way to interact with the software. The complexity of testing GUI increased over time. The testing needs to be performed in a way that it provides effectiveness, efficiency, increased fault detection rate and good path coverage. To cover all use cases and to provide testing for all possible (success/failure) scenarios the length of the test sequence is considered important. Intent of this paper is to study some techniques used for test case generation and process for various GUI based software applications.

Testing of software is a time-consuming activity which requires a great deal of planning and resources. Model-based testing is gaining importance as a research issue. In scenario-based testing, test scenarios are used for generating test cases, test drivers etc. UML is widely used to describe analysis and design specifications of software development. UML models are important source of information for test case design. UML activity diagrams describe the realization of the operation in design phase and also support description of parallel activities and synchronization aspects involved in different activities perfectly. In this paper we generate test scenarios from activity diagrams, which achieve test adequacy criteria perfectly. Finally we generate test cases by analyzing the respective sequence and class diagrams of each scenario, which achieves maximum path coverage criteria. Also in our approach, the cost of test model creation is reduced as design is reused.

از زمان ظهور و پيشرفت علم مهندسي نرم افزار تا كنون تحقيقات زيادي روي جوانب مختلف امر من جمله تعريف و تبيين انواع

متدولوژي هاي توسعه نرم افزار، ارائه روشهاي بهينه در اين زمينه، مقايسه ها و... در اين زمينه صورت پذيرفته است و همواره با گذشت و زمان و

باتوجه به روند سريع پيشرفت تكنولوژي و ايجاد نيازمنديهاي جديد و روبه رشد توجه به اين امور پررنگ تر مي گردد. در اين مقاله قصد براين

است كه مرحله تست را در متدولوژي چابك بررسي نموده و ضمن تبيين روشهاي مختلف موجود به مزايا و معايب هريك پرداخته و در نتيجه ايده

اي در رابطه با روش بهينه بيان نمائيم.

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The software development in different fields leads to increase the requirements for effective, efficient and complicated software. Due to the huge amounts of software requirements, it is possible some errors to occur in the certain part of the programs and this means a real challenge for the software producer. The need for an effective test system is necessary for designing reliable programs and avoiding the errors that may appear during the software product. In this review, many techniques are discussed for the process of generating test cases which are a group of conditions that determine whether the designed programs are able to satisfy the user's requirements or not. Fuzzy logic utilizes an operational profile in the process of allocating test case to improve the software quality, as well as the design of fault propagation path to predicts the software defects during the test operation, also the automatic generation for PLC test cases that produce a new track through the pro...

Software testing is becoming more prominent within the automotive industry due to more complex systems, and functions are implemented in the vehicles. The vehicles in the future will have the functionality to manage different levels of automation, which also means that vehicles driven by humans will have more supportive functionality to increase safety and avoid accidents. These functionalities result in a massive growth in the number of test scenarios to indicate that the vehicles are safe, and this makes it impossible to continue performing the tests in the same way as it has been done until today. The new conditions require that the test scenarios and Test Cases both be generated and executed automatically. In this thesis, an investigation and evaluation are performed to analyze the Automatic Test Case Generation methods available for inputs from Natural Language Requirements in an automotive industrial context at NEVS AB. This study aims to evaluate the NAT2TEST strategy by replacing the manual method and obtain a similar or better result. A comparative analysis is performed between the manual and automated approaches for various levels of requirements. The results show that utilizing this strategy in an industrial scenario can improve efficiency if the requirements to be tested are for well-documented lower-level requirements.

The software development in different fields leads to increase the requirements for effective, efficient and complicated software. Due to the huge amounts of software requirements, it is possible some errors to occur in the certain part of the programs and this means a real challenge for the software producer. The need for an effective test system is necessary for designing reliable programs and avoiding the errors that may appear during the software product. In this review, many techniques are discussed for the process of generating test cases which are a group of conditions that determine whether the designed programs are able to satisfy the user's requirements or not. Fuzzy logic utilizes an operational profile in the process of allocating test case to improve the software quality, as well as the design of fault propagation path to predicts the software defects during the test operation, also the automatic generation for PLC test cases that produce a new track through the pro...

Software maintenance is one of the important and time consuming parts of software development lifecycle. Because maintenance covers the correction of errors ,the enhancement, deletion and addition of capabilities, the adaption of changing data requirements and operational environment, the improvement in performance, usability and other quality related attributes. Once the modification has been implemented, the software system has to be retested to gain confidence that it will perform according to the specification. For which once again test suite needs to be designed to test the modified module and the entire software. So the time spent in maintenance can be reduced by reducing the no. of test cases. We proposed a methodology based on clustering by which we can significantly reduce the test suite. Keywords—

An experience in performances evaluation of a vendor developed software of an Islamic banking software under VSAT-Citrix platform is presented. Test Case specification problems as well as automating TCs execution is demonstrated. Extracting decision-making reports is outlined using businessdriven goals.

Communication protocol testing can be done with a test architecture consisting of remote Lower Tester and local Upper Tester processes. For real protocols, tests can be designed based on the formal specification of the protocol which uses an extended finite state machine model. The specification is transformed into a simpler form consisting of normal form transitions. It can then be modeled by a control and a data flow graph. The graphs are decomposed into subtours and data flow functions, respectively. Tests are designed by considering parameter variations of the input primitives of each data flow function and determining the expected outputs. The methodology gives complete test coverage of all data flow functions and control paths in the specification. Functional fault models are proposed for functions that are not formally specified.

— Regression Testing is an inevitable and a very costly activity to be performed, often in a time and resource constrained environment. Thus we use techniques like Test Case Selection and Prioritization, to select and prioritize a subset from the complete test suite, fulfilling some chosen criteria. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a technique based on the real life behavior of ants. This paper presents an implementation of an already introduced Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Test Case Selection and Prioritization. Graph representation and example runs explained in the paper show how the random nature of ACO helps to explore the possible paths and choose the optimal from them. Results show that ACO leads to solutions that are in close proximity with optimal solutions.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a new architectural style for developing distributed business applications. Nowadays, those applications are realized through web services, which are later grouped as web service compositions. Web service compositions language, like the BPELWS 2.0 standard, are extensions of imperative programming languages. Additionally, it presents a challenge for traditional white-box testing, due to its inclusion of specific instructions, concurrency, fault compensation and dynamic service discovery and invocation. In fact, there is a lack of unit testing approaches and tools, which has resulted in inefficient practices in testing and debugging of automated business processes. Therefore, we performed a systematic review study to analyze 27 different studies for unit testing approaches for BPEL. This paper aims to focus on a comprehensive review to identify a categorization, a description of test case generation approaches, empirical evidence, current trends in BPEL studies, and finally to end with future work for other researchers.

This paper presents an approach for comparing the computer run time of building simulation programs. The computing run time of a simulation program depends on several key factors, including the calculation algorithm and modeling capabilities of the program, the run period, the simulation time step, the complexity of the energy models, the run control settings, and the software and hardware configurations of the computer used to run the simulation. To demonstrate this approach, we ran simulations for several representative DOE-2.1E and EnergyPlus energy models. We then compared and analyzed the computer run times of these energy models.

The software development in different fields leads to increase the requirements for effective, efficient and complicated software. Due to the huge amounts of software requirements, it is possible some errors to occur in the certain part of the programs and this means a real challenge for the software producer. The need for an effective test system is necessary for designing reliable programs and avoiding the errors that may appear during the software product. In this review, many techniques are discussed for the process of generating test cases which are a group of conditions that determine whether the designed programs are able to satisfy the user's requirements or not. Fuzzy logic utilizes an operational profile in the process of allocating test case to improve the software quality, as well as the design of fault propagation path to predicts the software defects during the test operation, also the automatic generation for PLC test cases that produce a new track through the pro...

This deliverable introduces generic scenarios based on fundamental challenges, and the specific problem description of test cases that will be relevant for beyond future radio access. Specific characteristics of each scenario and each test case include the key assumptions regarding requirements and key performance indicators. In order not to constrain the potential solutions, the requirements are specified from an end-user perspective. The deliverable will not only serve as the guideline for the technical work and system concept design in METIS, but also can serve in external research communities to help to harmonize the work towards the future radio access system including the new generation system of 5G

Testing is as good as its test cases. It means testing is highly dependent upon faults detection ability of test cases. Test case generation plays a vital role in testing process and is main area of research in the field of software testing. The good test cases decrease the chances of failure of the system and ensure the quality of the system. This paper presents the survey of the various test case generation techniques / methods for object-oriented systems in more comprehensive way.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a new architectural style for developing distributed business applications. Nowadays, those applications are realized through web services, which are later grouped as web service compositions. Web service compositions language, like the BPELWS 2.0 standard, are extensions of imperative programming languages. Additionally, it presents a challenge for traditional white-box testing, due to its inclusion of specific instructions, concurrency, fault compensation and dynamic service discovery and invocation. In fact, there is a lack of unit testing approaches and tools, which has resulted in inefficient practices in testing and debugging of automated business processes. Therefore, we performed a systematic review study to analyze 27 different studies for unit testing approaches for BPEL. This paper aims to focus on a comprehensive review to identify a categorization, a description of test case generation approaches, empirical evidence, current trends in BPEL studies, and finally to end with future work for other researchers. Browse > Conferences> Software Engineering Conferenc ...

Despite that there is a " one-to-many " mapping between scheduling algorithms and scheduler implementations, only a few studies have discussed the challenges and consequences of translating between these two system models. There has been an argument that a wide gap exists between scheduling theory and scheduling implementation in practical systems, where such a gap must be bridged to obtain an effective validation of embedded systems. In this paper, we introduce a technique called " Scheduler Test Case " (STC) aimed at bridging the gap between scheduling algorithms and scheduler implementations in single-processor embedded systems implemented using Time-Triggered Cooperative (TTC) architectures. We will demonstrate how the STC technique can provide a simple and systematic way for documenting, verifying (testing) and comparing various TTC scheduler implementations on particular hardware. However, STC is a generic technique that provides a black-box tool for assessing and predicting the behaviour of representative implementation sets of any real-time scheduling algorithm.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a new architectural style for developing distributed business applications. Nowadays, those applications are realized through web services, which are later grouped as web service compositions. Web service compositions language, like the BPELWS 2.0 standard, are extensions of imperative programming languages. Additionally, it presents a challenge for traditional white-box testing, due to its inclusion of specific instructions, concurrency, fault compensation and dynamic service discovery and invocation. In fact, there is a lack of unit testing approaches and tools, which has resulted in inefficient practices in testing and debugging of automated business processes. Therefore, we performed a systematic review study to analyze 27 different studies for unit testing approaches for BPEL. This paper aims to focus on a comprehensive review to identify a categorization, a description of test case generation approaches, empirical evidence, current trends in BPEL studies, and finally to end with future work for other researchers.