Syariah

Studies relating to the weaknesses of the civil procedures in particular on the process of fasakh litigation are still relevant for review and debate. This is due to the fact that there have been complaints and reports lodged by the public over the delay in hearing of fasakh claims under provisions relating to civil procedures. Therefore, the case study was conducted to find out the extent of the issues as a result of the civil procedure in fasakh cases based on three methods of data collection namely observation, interviews and documentation. The results clearly showed that indeed there are factors in the delay of cases involving civil procedures. Whereby, the researcher suggests certain recommendations based on the data collected.

Islam and codification of its family law in countries such as Morocco and Tunisia have taken on a somewhat of a different character depending on the specific setting in which it took place. Even though Islamic thought and in general Islamic law contains core principles observed throughout the Islamic world. Most aspects of Islamic law relating to the family originate in the divine text, while others may be found in customs of certain communities situated in different parts of the Muslim world. Some of the early reforms enacted by states such as Morocco and Tunisia have been hailed as victories for the rights of women especially where Islam is the dominant religion in those countries. A historical and comparative analysis relating to the rights of women reveal that this was not always the case. It may be argued that women rights were ancillary to the main agenda of those respective countries. Issues such as modernity, breaking the shackles of kinsman, classism and political alliances were deemed to be 1 Senior Lecturer, Private Law Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa, [email protected] 506 high on the agenda of those countries. In Morocco and Tunisia, the state, early reformers and women's activism played and continues to play an important role or perhaps an indirect role in securing women-friendly rights in the family. In other Muslim jurisdictions, Islamic law has been left intact or very little change has occurred. The argument in those states is that Islamic law cannot be changed or re-interpreted. In this paper we investigate the reforms which have taken place in each country and why these countries have been hailed as being sensitive to the issue of women's rights. Although, these countries have been viewed as the vanguard of women friendly rights inequality does exist as new threats to the securing of women's rights are on the horizon.

Sirri marriage is an alternative to the impasse of society whose desire to marry has peaked and filled the inner space, but is unable to carry on marriage because of obstacles and economy. Sirri marriage is a marriage that is carried out in accordance with the conditions of marriage in Islam, but is not registered in the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) or by the Marriage Registration Officer (PPN). It is called sirri because it is done secretly, closed, secret, or secretly without the publication in the form of a reception. Although in terms of Islamic law sirri marriage does not result in marriage being null or invalid, provided that it meets
the marriage principle, namely: the existence of prospective
husbands and prospective wives, guardians, witnesses, contracts
(ījāb and qabūl), and dowry. But many people of Desa Bunder,
Susukan District, Cirebon Regency, married Sirri. This resulted
in the illegality of a marriage according to the law in Indonesia,
this sirri marriage did not have the legality of formal state law.
The Indonesian legal system is not familiar with the term sirri
marriage and does not specifically regulate it in a law, so the
effect of the sirri marriage has not recorded the marriage as a
legal event, and has an impact on the sharing of shared property
when the marriage is broken (divorce) and also to the position
his son.

Pendahuluan Seperti diketahui, sejumlah pemerintahan daerah di Sumatra Barat banyak dipandang sebagai daerah yang banyak menerapkan Peraturan Daerah (Perda) berlandaskan syariat Islam. salah satu diantara daerah tersebut adalah Kabupaten Pasaman melalui Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Pasaman Nomor 22 Tahun 2003 Tentang Berpakaian Muslim dan Muslimah Bagi Siswa, Mahasiswa Dan Karyawan. Perda tersebut pada akhirnya telah menimbulkan kontroversi di kalangan masyarakat. Tidak sedikit yang kemudian memprtentangkan bahwa keberadaannya tidak selaras dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi. Mmuatan materi yang terkandung di dalam perda tersebut, adalah seputar kewajiban bagi pejara dan karyawan untuk mengenakan pakaian muslimah. Adapun maksudnya adalah untuk menggambarkan keimanan seseorang dan bertaqwa kepada Allah Subhanahu wata'ala serta taat mengamalkan Agama Islam sekaligus melestarikan pakaian adat. Sementara salah satu tujuannya adalah untuk sikap dan perilaku sebagai seorang Muslim dan Muslimah yang baik dan berakhlak mulia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dalam penulisan ini akan mencoba menganalisa dari segi asas yang dimuat di dalam perda tersebut apakah telah relevan dengan Pancasila, Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD 1945), asas-asas dan teori pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan.

In a culturally diverse country like Malaysia, halal logo plays an important role for Muslims to differentiate between halal and haram under the purview of Shariah principles. Product labeling provides a variety of choices to the consumers, contributing towards the value and usefulness of the products. The general thoughts of a consumer about food labeling are information about specific characteristics and the identification of food products with certified quality. However, halal labeling is a contemporary phenomenon and getting halal food itself is a challenging task. On the other hand, it is not easy to investigate the product once the food is packed. As a result, the Muslims depend on the responsible authority to check the status of halal and harmful products. Nevertheless, implementing halal certification in Malaysia is a voluntary act that creates some issues with illegitimate and unlawful use of the halal logo and halal certificate. That action impinges on the sensitivity of Muslim consumers in Malaysia and therefore, they may hesitate to buy or have doubt in selecting food and other goods for their consumption. This article describes some of the important issues regarding halal logo, explores the governments initiatives taken to expand the laws regarding the logo, the case study of the dilemma in issuing the halal logo as well as criminal liabilities and how illegal labeling violates the Muslim consumers’ rights. In addition, it aims at drawing attention to policy-makers of necessary steps to improvise halal standard governance in Malaysia.

This article will specifically examine the elements related to the management of Mosque Waqf Land, Manado City, whether it has been functioning as the act or whether the law has not been able to accommodate the problems that occur in the management of waqf land in Manado City. The result is that the management of waqf land in Manado City is classified into two things, namely effective and ineffective. But ineffective is more than effective, this is because many mosque administrators feel that the process of obtaining certificates is very procedural, so they have difficulty managing the certificate. So that, the relavancy is with the enactment of Law Number 41 year 2004 concerning Waqf, the recording of legal waqf acts is obligatory to provide legal protection and legal certainty for wakif, Nazhir and that assets that are represented.

Pemeriksaan Setempat (Descente / Plaatselijke Opneming en Onderzoek / Gerechtelijke Plaatsopneming / Check On The Spot, yaitu pemeriksaan oleh hakim karena jabatannya (Ambtshalve) yang dilakukan di luar gedung pengadilan / di luar tempat kedudukan pengadilan yang menyidangkan perkara.

The Maldivian legal system as it evolved, is one that has largely
being influenced by the principles of Islam as a religion. With Islam
declared to be the religion of the State in the Constitution, this is
further strengthened by the fact that the Constitution mandates
that no laws that are in contradiction to the tenets of Islam shall
be ratified in the country. This sets the fundamental principle
upon which the laws of the country rests. The reforms that have
taken place since the enactment of the very first Constitution of
the country in 1932 has in a large way being influenced by the
said principle. Taking a qualitative approach, this paper aims
to shed light on how Islam came to Maldives, the extent of its
influence on the legal system in the country, and the scope for
further studies on the subject.

The growing market and demand for halal products have created a question of whether the legal structure is adequate to cater for the development of halal industry. Eventhough the Malaysian government has prepared a healthy business infrastructure in order to enhance the positioning of the country as the main halal hub in the world, it does not mean that we are ahead of our counterparts in terms of regulations. The objective of this article is to examine the inadequacy of Trade Description Act 1972 to address the issue of halal and how the amendment made by Trade Description Act 2011 has strengthened many halal aspects. In collecting data, apart from reviewing the Act, interviews were conducted  to complement the data. The article found that the amendment made by Trade Description Act 2011 has strengthened the aspects of enforcement, supervision and monitoring of halal logo as well as prosecution of related offences.

This article aims to analyse if wearing a turban while riding a bike is suitable from the fiqh perspective. Wearing a turban while riding a bike opposes with two forms of Sunnah; Sunnah in Muslim dress code and Sunnah in ensuring life safety. This issue has drawn much attention from numerous parties in our country. This article is based on both library and field research. The library research focused on collecting and analyzing all related information, while field research primarily focused on interviews with the Terengganu State, Director of Road Transport Department. This article proves that wearing turban is inappropriate while riding/operating a bike as it is unable to protect the head area especially the brain from anticipated injuries in the event of an accident. The probability of getting injured in the head is lower when a helmet is worn. Muslims should abide to the current law enforcement set by the authorities in the interest of their own road safety.

This study discusses the issue of Muslim imitation of non-Muslims, particularly in respect of the celebrations of the multicultural society in Malaysia. Recently, arguments have emerged pertaining to the issue of Muslim practices of imitation of non-Muslim celebrations, such as participating in celebration in the temples or churches and wearing the special symbol of a particular religion. In accordance with this, the imitation phenomenon has

Peraturan menteri  tentang kualifikasi jabatan untuk Profesi koperasi simpan pinjam dan pembiayaan syariah atau unit simpan pinjam dan Pembiayaan Syariah ( KSPPS/USPPS) kopearsi, KKNI ini merupakan kualifikai jabatan dari SKKNI  Kopearsi Simpan Pinjam dan Pembiayaan Syariah ( KSPPS) Kepneker No. 193 tahun 2017

Dewasa ini kehidupan ekonomi telah menjadi standar kehidupan individu dan kolektif suatu negara-bangsa. Keunggulan suatu negara diukur berdasarkan tingkat kemajuan ekonominya. Ukuran derajat keberhasilanmenjadi sangat materialistk. Oleh karena itu, ilmu ekonomi menjadi amat penting bagi kehidupan suatu bangsa. Namun demikian, pakar ilmu ekonomi sekaliber Masrhal menyatakan bahwa kehdiupan dunia ini dikendalikan oleh dua kekuatan besar; ekonomi dan keimanan (agama), hanya saja kekuatan ekonomi lebih kuat pengaruhnya daripada agama.[1] Demikian juta peradaban Islam yang gemilang di masa silam tidak mungkin terwujud tanpa dukungan kekuatan ekonomi dan ilmu ekonominya. Kini kit aperlu menggabungkan dua kekuatan kehidupan hidup manusia sebagaimana dinyatakan Marshall untuk disatukan dalam apa yang kita sebut membangun pemikiran dan disiplin ekonomi Islam dalam kerangka kerja pembangunan sosial budaya dan politik. Pentingnya membangun pemikiran ekonomi syariah didasarkan, selain argumentasi di atas, masih ada dua argumentasi utama:[2], Pertama, argumentasi teologis yang menyatakan bahwa Islam adalah agama samawi yang berdasarkan wahyu (Al-Quran) yang berfungsi untuk: membimbing kehidupan umat manusia, baik sosial, politik, maupun ekonomi. [Q.S.2 al-Baqarah: 2, 185][3]; "criterion" (al-furqan) pembeda antara yang hak dari yang batil [Q.S.25 al-Furqan:1][4]; menjelaskan aturan hukum yang terinci [Q.S. 11 Hud:1][5]; Islam adalah agama sempurna yang merupakan karunia Tuhan [Q.S.5 al-Ma'idah: 3];[6] Kedua, argumentasi filosofis empiris dan faktual. Pertama, ada kesenjangan dan kelangkaan literatur di bidang ilmu ekonomi yang dapat menjelaskan filsafat, kelembagaan, prinsip, nilai, norma dan hukum ekonomi Islam; kedua, kenyataan menunjukan diperlukanya perkembangan ekonomi bagi negara-negara Islam. Dewasa ini kebanyakan dunia Islam masih tergolong negara berkembang bahkan terbelakang dilihat dari ukuran dan kriteria kekayaan, lapangan kerja, pendidikan dan kesehatan. Suatu kenyataan yang bertolak belakang dengan doktrin, nilai serta norma Islam itu sendiri. Abu 'Ubayd al-Qasim bn Sallam (157-224H/774-738M) dalam kitabnya, al-Amwa'l, Mu'assassat al-Nashir, Beirut, Libanon, cet.i, 1981. Abu al-Hasan 'Ali bin Muhammad bin Habib al-Bashriy al-Bagdady al-Mawardy, al-Ahka`m al-Sultha`niyyah, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut [nd].

The concept of the time value of money remains a matter of debate among Muslim scholars as it is perceived to provide justification for riba. The perceived opening for riba is that the exchange of time for money will end with money begetting money. This would corrupt the traditional function of money as a means of purchasing goods because money is not something intended for itself. However, this research proves that the classical jurists in their scholarly writings discussed whether time can be given a counter value and ruled that it can. It is also found that contemporary scholars have explained this concept in the context of its application to modern financial activities conducted in a dual banking system. Even though they have been able to prove substantially the time value of money in financial transactions, there are several aspects of time value of money which have
not yet to be explained in depth, such as the parameters for its
application in Islamic finance. Hence, a critical review of the
literature on it needs to be done to identify the aspects of the time
value of money that require further examination. Library methods
as well as analytical methods are employed to thoroughly examine
the views of the Muslim jurists on the concept of the time value of
money in financial transactions.

Some people are always cover their abuse of office and hide it under the immunity clause, and thus is common in Nigeria. Their believe is that the immunity clause in 1999 Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria is license for them to embezzle and misappropriate public funds. On the contrary Islamic law does not distinguish between the rulers and the ruled in the application of law. The believe of the law is that the law which applies to the lead is equally applies to the leaders there is no distinction between the two of them. Although, this did not mean that Islamic law did not give respect to the leader, rather, the leader should respect the law of the land. The leader according to Islamic law should be honest, upright, trustworthy and show exemplary leadership in the society.

القضاء ركن من أركان الشريعة والقانون لأجل تحقيق المقاصد ودرء المفاسد، وقد أولى الإسلام به اهتماماً كبيرا لما فيه من إقرار وتأكيد دوره العظيم والأساسي في عمارة الأرض على الوجه الذي أراده الله تعالى للكون والإنسان والحياة. يهدف البحث بيان أهمية القضاء في الإسلام والتعرّف على أخلاقيات القاضي بالإضافة إلى عرض بعض النماذج المثالية من أقضية القُضاة المسلمين. يعتمد البحث على المنهج النوعي الوصفي التحليلي المعتمد على الأسلوب المكتبي في جمع البيانات مستفيدا في ذلك من نتائج البحوث والكتابات والدراسات السابقة التي تم نشرها في حقل هذه الدراسة. ومن النتائج  التي توصّل إليها البحث أن القضاء مهنة شريفة لا غنى عنها في أي مجتمع بشري، وقد أضفى الناس عليها قدرا كبيرا من المهابة نظرا لما يسند إلى القضاة من صلاحيات هامة وخطيرة، وأن شخصية القاضي تحتاج إلى أخلاقيات مستمدة من مواصفات شرعية تحلى بها السابقون، وأنه من الضروري الرجوع إلى أقضية نموذجية قام بها القضاة المسلمون السابقون أمثال الصحابة ومن بعدهم، وذلك لأجل الوصول إلى تحقيق القضاء العدل.

Basically, this article focuses upon reforms of the Muslim family law in Malaysia. In order to achieve such objective, it is constructed to be consisted into three different sections, namely; first, an introduction concerning the urgent need for the improvement of the Muslim family law in Malaysia; second, an exposition of the distinctive component of the recent Muslim family law in Malaysia, in term of pre-marriage and after marriage stage and finally it will follow with the summary and conclusion.

Abstrak: Migrasi bukanlah suatu fenomena baharu di Sabah. Sebelum penjajahan lagi sehinggalah Sabah mencapai kemerdekaan, gelombang migrasi terus berlaku dan tidak mempunyai tanda berhenti. Terdapat banyak kajian telah dijalankan berhubung fenomena migrasi di Sabah. Kesan mahupun impak migrasi merupakan topik yang sering menjadi tumpuan para pengkaji. Bagaimanapun kurang kajian migrasi dari sisi pandang agama. Oleh itu kertas kerja ini akan membahaskan berhubung impak migrasi terhadap kepelbagaian etnik Islam di Sabah. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif dan dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan. Kajian mendapati bahawa migrasi etnik dominan Islam daripada Brunei, Filipina dan Indonesia bukan sahaja membentuk kepelbagaian etnik Islam, malah menjadikan Islam sebagai kumpulan majoriti dianuti di Sabah. Sekali gus memberi impak yang besar apabila Islam menjadi agama rasmi negeri Sabah. Kajian ini diharapkan menjadi titik tolak kepada kajian migrasi dari perspektif agama di Malaysia amnya dan Sabah khususnya pada masa akan datang.

Islamic microfinance has become an important part of the financial system, recognized locally and internationally, as a significant solution in addressing the problems of poverty.
However, most of the financial institutions are reluctant to use
the form of equity financing especially to micro entrepreneurs,
because they have a negative perception of the entrepreneurs.
They are often regarded as risk borrowers, having lack of
experience and skills and therefore not being viable. However,
the author believes that equity financing is an alternative for
the entrepreneurs to overcome their financial problems as well
as issues of management skills. Theoretical studies have been
conducted to examine musharakah mutanaqisah instrument and the results show that musharakah mutanaqisah financing can be one of the most potential instrument for micro entrepreneurs. The main aspects to note are those of the partnership as well as the mechanism of the pricing of the unit and ijarah rental. Purchase of shares in units make this instrument more practical and flexible to implement. This paper will elaborate on musharakah mutanaqisah contract generally and its application in Islamic microfinance through the mechanism of purchasing units.

Capaian pembelajaran yang dibebankan pada mata kuliah ini adalah, mahasiswa mampu menguasai teori-teori ushul fiqh yang dijelaskan oleh para ahli ushul dan mampu untuk menjelaskan kembali serta mengimplementasikannya di dalam masyarakat khususnya dalam menjawab berbagai problem keagamaan dan keislaman sehingga hukum Islam menjadi responsif kapanpun dan dimanapun ia berinteraksi dengan masyarakat (shalih li kulli zaman wa makan).

The tort system that is used to regulate the medical negligence litigation points out three main requirements in finding liability. Islamic legal tradition has also outlined the concept of negligence and medical negligence. The article examines the principles concerning medical negligence and the extension of doctor's liability. When both tort and Islamic principles are juxtaposed, it shows that the Islamic principles and values can be adopted to underpin the tort system and this further proves that as a rule of law, Islamic law is adaptable to the modern scenario. PENDAHULUAN Kecuaian (negligence) dianggap tort yang terbesar kerana hakikat menunjukkan banyak litigasi di mahkamah membabitkan kuasa tindakan berkaitan kecuaian

Tulisan ini menjelaskan mengenai pembahagian harta pusaka orang Islam di Mahkamah Syariah Negeri Sabah. Beberapa aspek seperti sejarah dan perkembangan pembahagian harta orang Islam di Sabah turut dikupas melalui 4 fasa bermula sebelum dan selepas Sabah mencapai kemerdekaannya pada tahun 1963. Selain menjelaskan undang-undang yang digunakan sebagai asas untuk mendengar dan memutuskan kes pusaka orang Islam di negeri ini, kes-kes berkaitan yang telah diputuskan di Mahkamah Awam, Mahkamah Anak Negeri dan Mahkamah Syariah turut dibincangkan bagi memantapkan lagi perbincangan. Turut dibincangkan adalah prosedur permohonan pembahagian harta pusaka dan pentadbir (wali harta) di Mahkamah Syariah Sabah yang diguna pakai ketika ini. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menyumbang kepada perkembangan undang-undang Islam di negara ini ke arah lebih positif dan progresif sesuai dengan perkembangan semasa yang semakin kompleks dan mencabar, khususnya dalam konteks pengurusan dan pembahagian harta pusaka orang-orang Islam.

Issues of inefficiency and integrity at work show the increasingly
demand on quality and professionalism. However, professionalism
itself does not enough to produce a quality output. It must be
accompanied by an Islamic personality. The combination of
Islamic personality and professionalism is believed to contribute
a maximum impact on the work quality. This article attempts to
examine the concept of personality from Islamic perspective,
its relation with professionalism and their implications in the
employment context. For that purpose, qualitative study was carried out on the relevant literatures. Based on literatures, the
study found that there is a close relationship between Islamic
personality and professionalism. Thus, both Islamic personality
and professionalism should be given attention because it provides positive implications on work quality in the organization.

The study discusses views of scholars of the four main Islamic jurisprudence schools, their juristic reasoning and each school's preferred (rajih) view on the nullity of ablution as a result of skin-to-skin contact between ajnabi (lawfully eligible for marriage) male and female. The study shows that the preferred view of Maliki and Hanbali Schools and the minority view within Shafie School is the most juristically sound. The view holds that skin-to-skin contact between ajnabi male and female with no inducement of sexual passion (syahwat) does not result in nullification of an ablution. In addition, the study suggests that this juristic view should carry more practical relevancy for Shafie School adherents in the context of pilgrimage (hajj), particularly in performing tawaf.

This article examines the development of Maliki's rules on mudarabah between the period of second and seventh century Hijri. The examination was executed by analysing five Maliki's legal texts namely al-Muwatta' of Malik (d.179), al-Mudawwanah al-Kubra of Sahnun (d.240), al-Kafi fi Fiqh Ahl al-Madinah of Ibn 'Abd al-Barr (d.463), Bidayah al-Mujtahid of Ibn Rushd (d.595) and al-Dhakhirah of al-Qarafi (d.684). It was discovered that the text of al-Mudawwanah al-Kubra represented the most comprehensive discussion of Maliki's rules on the said subject. The Maliki's jurists after Sahnun did not produce significant new rules on mudarabah but organized the topic systematically. Hence, the discussion concluded that Islamic commercial law within the Maliki's school reaches its maturity since the third century Hijri. The finding implies that the school has a complete legal text nearly two centuries earlier than the Shafi'i's.

The use of zakat for income generation is a mechanism where zakat wealth is distributed in a way that helps eligible recipients to generate their income, so that they could be permanently independent after a specific period of time. The idea of such a mechanism, although considerably discussed by many contemporary scholars, is not totally new as it has also been briefly mentioned by some classical jurists. This article thus discusses the concept and proposed mechanism of income generation through zakat underlined by a number of modern scholars together with its related issues of fiqh. This is due to the fact that the zakat as a religious obligation must accordingly adhere to the principles underlined bySharìah beside any other economic objective which it strives to achieve.

Profit Equalization Reserve (PER) merupakan salah satu strategi keuangan yang digunakan oleh perbankan syariah yang mana PER menangguhkan sebagian dana bagi hasil akad mudharabah (jika melebihi proyeksi) untuk diberikan saat bagi hasil dibawah proyeksi dan dengan tujuan menjaga nasabah yang ada sehingga nasabah tidak beralih ke bank lain terutama ke bank konvensional, namun, baik secara teori maupun secara praktik, strategi keuangan bank syariah ini memiliki pihak yang pro dan kontra yang mana pihak kontra mengklaim bahwa PER sama saja dengan riba yang terselubung sedangkan pihak pro menyatakan bahwa PER merupakan bagi hasil yang sengaja ditangguhkan untuk ke depan sehingga masih sesuai dengan syariat Islam. Artikel ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai apa itu sebenarnya PER dan apakah PER sudah sesuai syariat Islam. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif.

The majority of waqf assets available across the Muslim world today consist of immovable property such as land and buildings; all of which conform to Shariah principles. In line with the global changes and current needs, dedicated assets for the purpose of waqf have evolved from movable to immovable assets to include cash, stocks and bonds. However, the discussion pertaining to Shariah ruling and the procedures of managing this category of waqf assets is still limited. The concept of waqf of unit trusts is still new and more research needs to be carried out for better comprehension and implementation. The question arises with regards to the position of unit trust as the subject of waqf given that it has no distinct and permanent features which allow for it to be transferable from one hand to another. Accordingly, this study will discuss the Islamic legal ruling and the procedures of managing waqf of unit trusts within the framework of Islamic law.