Sumatran Tiger

Harimau sumatra adalah satu-satunya anak jenis harimau endemik Indonesia yang tersisa.
Harimau sumatra kini tersebar di kantong-kantong kawasan hutan konservasi yang menjadi
habitat di Pulau Sumatera. Daya Dukung habitat merupakan salah satu ukuran ukuran populasi
yang sangat penting dalam menentukan kelestarian populasi dalam jangka panjang. Dalam
strategi konservasi harimau sumatera ini dapat disimpulkan, bahwa :
1. Populasi Harimau Sumatera dan satwa mangsanya, memerlukan data yang akurat dan
menggunakan metode ilmiah dapat membantu dalam pengelolaan populasi Harimau
Sumatera dan satwa mangsanya.
2. Pengelolaan habitat Harimau Sumatera, harus ditingkatkan baik luasan dan daya dukung
habitat pengelolaan di dalam kawasan hutan konservasi dan di luar kawasan konservasi.
3. Manajemen pengelolaan instu dan exsitu, kegiatan pengelolaan in situ antara lain
peningkatan kualitas SDM, patroli perlindungan habitat dengan skema RBM (Resort Base
Management), restorasi dan pengembangan koridor, monitoring populasi, dan mitigasi
konflik. Sedangkan pengelolaan ex situ dengan kerjasama pengelolaan bersama Lembaga
Konservasi dengan para pihak sesuai peraturan perundangan yang berlaku.
4. Penegakkan hukum terhadap perlindungan Harimau Sumatera. Kegiatan pencegahan,
penyadartahuan, penyuluhan, kampanye kepedulian dan pasrtisipasi masyarakat terhadap
kelestarian ditingkatkan terhadap pelestarian Harimau Sumatera, dan tindakan tegas
terhadap pelanggaran dalam upaya penegakkan hukum yang berlaku terhadap para pelaku.

Diterbitkan oleh: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) Universitas Sriwijaya November 2016 xiv + 64 hlm.; 21×25 cm ISBN: 978-602-71798-2-0 Identifikasi dan Pemetaan Kantong-kantong Habitat Gajah dan Harimau di Sumatera Selatan iii SAMBUTAN DIREKTUR JENDERAL KSDAE onservasi pada level spesies dalam jangka panjang bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya kepunahan spesies yang diakibatkan oleh penyebab utama terancamnya spesies dari kepunahan. Dalam upaya konservasi spesies, Ditjen KSDAE Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan telah menetapkan Indikator Kinerja Kegiatan (IKK) mengenai pening-katan populasi 25 satwa prioritas terancam punah (43 spesies) sebesar 10%, dalam periode 2015-2019. Dua puluh lima satwa prioritas (43 spesies) tersebut meliputi harimau Sumatera

Harimau sumatra adalah satu-satunya anak jenis harimau endemik Indonesia yang tersisa.
Harimau sumatra kini tersebar di kantong-kantong kawasan hutan konservasi yang menjadi
habitat di Pulau Sumatera. Daya Dukung habitat merupakan salah satu ukuran ukuran populasi
yang sangat penting dalam menentukan kelestarian populasi dalam jangka panjang. Dalam
strategi konservasi harimau sumatera ini dapat disimpulkan, bahwa :
1. Populasi Harimau Sumatera dan satwa mangsanya, memerlukan data yang akurat dan
menggunakan metode ilmiah dapat membantu dalam pengelolaan populasi Harimau
Sumatera dan satwa mangsanya.
2. Pengelolaan habitat Harimau Sumatera, harus ditingkatkan baik luasan dan daya dukung
habitat pengelolaan di dalam kawasan hutan konservasi dan di luar kawasan konservasi.
3. Manajemen pengelolaan instu dan exsitu, kegiatan pengelolaan in situ antara lain
peningkatan kualitas SDM, patroli perlindungan habitat dengan skema RBM (Resort Base
Management), restorasi dan pengembangan koridor, monitoring populasi, dan mitigasi
konflik. Sedangkan pengelolaan ex situ dengan kerjasama pengelolaan bersama Lembaga
Konservasi dengan para pihak sesuai peraturan perundangan yang berlaku.
4. Penegakkan hukum terhadap perlindungan Harimau Sumatera. Kegiatan pencegahan,
penyadartahuan, penyuluhan, kampanye kepedulian dan pasrtisipasi masyarakat terhadap
kelestarian ditingkatkan terhadap pelestarian Harimau Sumatera, dan tindakan tegas
terhadap pelanggaran dalam upaya penegakkan hukum yang berlaku terhadap para pelaku.

Semoga Dokumen Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Konservasi Harimau Sumatera (SRAK) 2019 –
2029, kelak dapat menitikberatkan pada pelestarian harimau sumatera sebagai bagian dari
pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Semoga visi tersebut terwujud dan tertuang dalam
tiga misi utama yakni memastikan keberadaan harimau sumatera, meningkatkan populasi dan
habitat, dan meningkatkan investasi konservasi keanekaragaman hayati yang berkelanjutan.

Investigation for Mighty Earth on Michelin's cover up of industrial deforestation of over 2,000 ha of rainforest by its local partner during the launch phase of its flagship 'eco-friendly' sustainable natural rubber RLU Project in Jambi in Sumatra, Indonesia.

Large carnivores living in tropical rainforests are under immense pressure from the rapid conversion of their habitat. In response, millions of dollars are spent on conserving these species. However, the cost-effectiveness of such investments is poorly understood and this is largely because the requisite population estimates are difficult to achieve at appropriate spatial scales for these secretive species. Here, we apply a robust detection/non-detection sampling technique to produce the first reliable population metric (occupancy) for a critically endangered large carnivore; the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). From 2007-2009, seven landscapes were surveyed through 13,511 km of transects in 394 grid cells (17617 km). Tiger sign was detected in 206 cells, producing a naive estimate of 0.52. However, after controlling for an unequal detection probability (where p = 0.1360.017; 6S.E.), the estimated tiger occupancy was 0.7260.048. Whilst the Sumatra-wide survey results gives cause for optimism, a significant negative correlation between occupancy and recent deforestation was found. For example, the Northern Riau landscape had an average deforestation rate of 9.8%/yr and by far the lowest occupancy (0.3360.055). Our results highlight the key tiger areas in need of protection and have led to one area (Leuser-Ulu Masen) being upgraded as a 'global priority' for wild tiger conservation. However, Sumatra has one of the highest global deforestation rates and the two largest tiger landscapes identified in this study will become highly fragmented if their respective proposed roads networks are approved. Thus, it is vital that the Indonesian government tackles these threats, e.g. through improved land-use planning, if it is to succeed in meeting its ambitious National Tiger Recovery Plan targets of doubling the number of Sumatran tigers by 2022.

Recently, some zoos have begun utilizing technology to improve
interpretation outcomes. Using the I-Change model, this study evaluated
the efficacy of the interactive TigerTrek Exhibit (Taronga Zoo)
in influencing visitors’ tiger conservation attitudes and behaviors.
The I-Change model is a holistic framework for evaluating behavior
change. Pre-visit (n514), post-visit (n609), six-week post
(n106), and six-month post (n24) survey data were collected
from visitors. Results indicated an increase in concern that all palm
oil is grown unsustainably, which was counter to interpretive messaging.
After six-weeks and six-months post-visit, 29% of respondents
purchased a product because it contained certified sustainable
palm oil. However, 50% of six-week respondents had actively
avoided buying a product because it contained any palm oil. By
understanding visitors’ perceptions of messaging and the types of
behaviors they are willing to engage in, zoos can more effectively
achieve their conservation goals.

Detection of the estrous cycle is essential for basic reproductive aspects in all animals. Both natural mating and assisted reproductive techniques require estrous detection for breeding programs which will assist to maintain the tiger population in captivity. This research aims to explore alternative methods for tiger conservation in the remote area. Vaginal smear and neutrophil count were used to determine the phase of estrous cycle, and it easily applied on the field. Vaginal smears and blood smears were collected twice within interval 6 months n a female tiger at Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre. While tiger was restrained mechanically, blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein and the vaginal smears were collected intravaginal. All procedure followed the animal welfare protocol. Vaginal smears were stained by 10% Giemsa. Basal/parabasal, intermediate, and superficial/cornified cells were identified to determine the reproductive periods under the mi...

Large carnivores living in tropical rainforests are under immense pressure from the rapid conversion of their habitat. In response, millions of dollars are spent on conserving these species. However, the cost-effectiveness of such investments is poorly understood and this is largely because the requisite population estimates are difficult to achieve at appropriate spatial scales for these secretive species. Here, we apply a robust detection/non-detection sampling technique to produce the first reliable population metric (occupancy) for a critically endangered large carnivore; the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). From 2007-2009, seven landscapes were surveyed through 13,511 km of transects in 394 grid cells (17617 km). Tiger sign was detected in 206 cells, producing a naive estimate of 0.52. However, after controlling for an unequal detection probability (where p = 0.1360.017; 6S.E.), the estimated tiger occupancy was 0.7260.048. Whilst the Sumatra-wide survey results gives cause for optimism, a significant negative correlation between occupancy and recent deforestation was found. For example, the Northern Riau landscape had an average deforestation rate of 9.8%/yr and by far the lowest occupancy (0.3360.055). Our results highlight the key tiger areas in need of protection and have led to one area (Leuser-Ulu Masen) being upgraded as a 'global priority' for wild tiger conservation. However, Sumatra has one of the highest global deforestation rates and the two largest tiger landscapes identified in this study will become highly fragmented if their respective proposed roads networks are approved. Thus, it is vital that the Indonesian government tackles these threats, e.g. through improved land-use planning, if it is to succeed in meeting its ambitious National Tiger Recovery Plan targets of doubling the number of Sumatran tigers by 2022.

Large carnivores living in tropical rainforests are under immense pressure from the rapid conversion of their habitat. In response, millions of dollars are spent on conserving these species. However, the cost-effectiveness of such investments is poorly understood and this is largely because the requisite population estimates are difficult to achieve at appropriate spatial scales for these secretive species. Here, we apply a robust detection/non-detection sampling technique to produce the first reliable population metric (occupancy) for a critically endangered large carnivore; the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). From 2007-2009, seven landscapes were surveyed through 13,511 km of transects in 394 grid cells (17617 km). Tiger sign was detected in 206 cells, producing a naive estimate of 0.52. However, after controlling for an unequal detection probability (where p = 0.1360.017; 6S.E.), the estimated tiger occupancy was 0.7260.048. Whilst the Sumatra-wide survey results gives cause for optimism, a significant negative correlation between occupancy and recent deforestation was found. For example, the Northern Riau landscape had an average deforestation rate of 9.8%/yr and by far the lowest occupancy (0.3360.055). Our results highlight the key tiger areas in need of protection and have led to one area (Leuser-Ulu Masen) being upgraded as a 'global priority' for wild tiger conservation. However, Sumatra has one of the highest global deforestation rates and the two largest tiger landscapes identified in this study will become highly fragmented if their respective proposed roads networks are approved. Thus, it is vital that the Indonesian government tackles these threats, e.g. through improved land-use planning, if it is to succeed in meeting its ambitious National Tiger Recovery Plan targets of doubling the number of Sumatran tigers by 2022.

Detection of the estrous cycle is essential for basic reproductive aspects in all animals. Both natural mating and assisted reproductive techniques require estrous detection for breeding programs which will assist to maintain the tiger population in captivity. This research aims to explore alternative methods for tiger conservation in the remote area. Vaginal smear and neutrophil count were used to determine the phase of estrous cycle, and it easily applied on the field. Vaginal smears and blood smears were collected twice within interval 6 months n a female tiger at Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre. While tiger was restrained mechanically, blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein and the vaginal smears were collected intravaginal. All procedure followed the animal welfare protocol. Vaginal smears were stained by 10% Giemsa. Basal/parabasal, intermediate, and superficial/cornified cells were identified to determine the reproductive periods under the microscope. Blood smears were stained by Giemsa-Wright. Neutrophils were counted within 200 white blood cells count under the microscope. The result showed that female tiger was in the follicular phase and neutrophil count was 78 cells at the 1 st sample collection. The 2 nd sample collection resulted in luteal phase with 55 neutrophils count. This research suggests vaginal smear and neutrophil count can be used as an alternative method of tiger estrous phase detection. In addition, these methods have economical and practical value.

Large carnivores living in tropical rainforests are under immense pressure from the rapid conversion of their habitat. In response, millions of dollars are spent on conserving these species. However, the cost-effectiveness of such investments is poorly understood and this is largely because the requisite population estimates are difficult to achieve at appropriate spatial scales for these secretive species. Here, we apply a robust detection/non-detection sampling technique to produce the first reliable population metric (occupancy) for a critically endangered large carnivore; the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). From 2007-2009, seven landscapes were surveyed through 13,511 km of transects in 394 grid cells (17617 km). Tiger sign was detected in 206 cells, producing a naive estimate of 0.52. However, after controlling for an unequal detection probability (where p = 0.1360.017; 6S.E.), the estimated tiger occupancy was 0.7260.048. Whilst the Sumatra-wide survey results gives cause for optimism, a significant negative correlation between occupancy and recent deforestation was found. For example, the Northern Riau landscape had an average deforestation rate of 9.8%/yr and by far the lowest occupancy (0.3360.055). Our results highlight the key tiger areas in need of protection and have led to one area (Leuser-Ulu Masen) being upgraded as a 'global priority' for wild tiger conservation. However, Sumatra has one of the highest global deforestation rates and the two largest tiger landscapes identified in this study will become highly fragmented if their respective proposed roads networks are approved. Thus, it is vital that the Indonesian government tackles these threats, e.g. through improved land-use planning, if it is to succeed in meeting its ambitious National Tiger Recovery Plan targets of doubling the number of Sumatran tigers by 2022.

Large carnivores living in tropical rainforests are under immense pressure from the rapid conversion of their habitat. In response, millions of dollars are spent on conserving these species. However, the cost-effectiveness of such investments is poorly understood and this is largely because the requisite population estimates are difficult to achieve at appropriate spatial scales for these secretive species. Here, we apply a robust detection/non-detection sampling technique to produce the first reliable population metric (occupancy) for a critically endangered large carnivore; the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). From 2007-2009, seven landscapes were surveyed through 13,511 km of transects in 394 grid cells (17617 km). Tiger sign was detected in 206 cells, producing a naive estimate of 0.52. However, after controlling for an unequal detection probability (where p = 0.1360.017; 6S.E.), the estimated tiger occupancy was 0.7260.048. Whilst the Sumatra-wide survey results gives cause for optimism, a significant negative correlation between occupancy and recent deforestation was found. For example, the Northern Riau landscape had an average deforestation rate of 9.8%/yr and by far the lowest occupancy (0.3360.055). Our results highlight the key tiger areas in need of protection and have led to one area (Leuser-Ulu Masen) being upgraded as a 'global priority' for wild tiger conservation. However, Sumatra has one of the highest global deforestation rates and the two largest tiger landscapes identified in this study will become highly fragmented if their respective proposed roads networks are approved. Thus, it is vital that the Indonesian government tackles these threats, e.g. through improved land-use planning, if it is to succeed in meeting its ambitious National Tiger Recovery Plan targets of doubling the number of Sumatran tigers by 2022.