Significance

problem, but what is the probability that we will experience more than one once-in-a-lifetime (Poissondistributed) event in our lifetimes? David Hand (DH): The improbability principle answer is that you're certain to experience more than one once-in-a-lifetime event in your lifetime. The point is that there are all sorts of once-in-a-lifetime events going on all the time. Find enough of them and it becomes as probable as you want that you'll experience more than one, and that you'll experience one type of such event more than once. Alternatively, a more conventional answer is that, if I define a particular kind of once-in-a-lifetime event as an event which arrives according to a Poisson process with mean inter-arrival time equal to the average lifespan, then the probability of experiencing more than one such event during an average lifetime is about 0.26. You don't need many such series of events to make it overwhelmingly likely that one of those series will have multiple events in a lifespan.

De todos los eslóganes que los musicólogos transmiten a los profesores y a los medios de comunicación, y éstos a los pobres diablos que estudian música en los conservatorios, selecciono siete. Pero casi todo gira en torno a cierta modernez fracasada, aunque asistida por el Poder en los últimos 100 años. También se cuestiona una idea imperdonable de Peter Kivy, ya de paso.

This article aims to identify the ethical and accurate research in the significance and the application of Takhrij al-Hadith of the Prophet SAW. It is important to create a predictive model of academic writing involves the sayings of the Prophet SAW that can be used by the intellectuals in Malaysia. This study used a quantitative research design and the type of study is content analysis. The instrument used is the table of Takhrij applications built on the standard Takhrij theories as endorsed by a panel of experts.

This paper discusses the design and implementation of an OFDM modem used in wireless communication. The transmission of binary and text file using OFDM with its protocol as well as system parameters have been explained in detail. This technique has high transmission rates over wire line and wireless channels with protection from multipath fading which can turn out to be a predicted technique in fourth Generation (4G) mobile phones. It is an Ideal technique for bandwidth hogging applications like Video Conferencing, DAB, DVB, etc. Multi-user capacity possible using MC-CDMA. For the most part, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the standard being used throughout the world to achieve the high data rates necessary for data intensive applications that must now become routine. The bit error rate and the ISI in multipath environment in conventional techniques such as QAM are very high which can be reduced by implementing the OFDM technique Also, in the paper result of simulation, future work and conclusion has been provided.

The relation between forests and floral diversity is a very strong. It helps in the functioning of many biophysical and ecological processes such as hydrological cycles, carbon cycles, climatic regulation and others. Gujarat is one of the fastest developing State in India, the increasing state and national demands like fuel-wood, timber, Fodder, Gums, NTFP's and Bamboos for local and national civilization is degrading Gujarat forests. Information's were collected using secondary sources. The objective of present is article to enlist major tree species of Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests of Western Ghats in Southern Gujarat. Total 124 tree species belonging to 37 families of plants were record. Present paper is also informing about the ecological, economical and medicinal significance of tropical forests of Southern Gujarat.

ABSTRACT America seems obsessed as no other nation by guns. Mass shootings such as at Columbine and at Sandy Hook school in Connecticut bring calls for gun control laws. Opponents claim that such laws would only disarm the law-abiding and that the right to bear arms deters crime. It might perhaps seem obvious that a ban on the most lethal weapons would reduce murder rates, and that allowing concealed weapons to be carried would increase them. Mark Gius examines those conclusions to see whether the statistics back them up.

Μέσω πληθώρας νομοθετημάτων, κανονιστικών πράξεων και διαχειριστικών μέτρων η πολιτεία επιχειρεί να διαφυλάξει και να διατηρήσει τη βιοποικιλότητα της ελληνικής επικράτειας. Επιπλέον, η Ελλάδα εφαρμόζει δεσμεύσεις και υποχρεώσεις που αποδέχθηκε προσχωρώντας στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και σε διεθνείς συμβάσεις, που σχετίζονται με την προστασία των ειδών της αυτοφυούς χλωρίδας και της άγριας πανίδας που απειλείται με εξαφάνιση. Από τα προηγούμενα προκύπτει ότι το νομοθετικό πλαίσιο που ισχύει στην Ελλάδα, για την προστασία και τη διατήρηση του έμβιου κόσμου χαρακτηρίζεται ως ισχυρό, ευρύ και περίπλοκο, πράγμα που καθιστά επίπονη την προσπάθεια προσπέλασης και διερεύνησής του (Φοίτος, Κωνσταντινίδης και Καμάρη, 2009). Η διεξαγωγή έρευνας στη νομοθεσία για τα μέτρα προστασίας και διαχείρισης που έχουν εφαρμογή σε ένα τυχαία διερευνώμενο είδος οργανισμού απαιτεί αρκετό χρόνο και κόπο, που ενίοτε καταλήγει σε επισφαλή και ελλιπή συμπεράσματα. Για τους ανωτέρω λόγους και δεδομένου ότι σε εθνικό επίπεδο και μέχρι σήμερα, οι όποιες προσπάθειες καταγραφής επιχειρήθηκαν ή επιχειρούνται από φορείς (δημόσιους, ιδιωτικούς, ερευνητικούς, ακαδημαϊκούς ή και άλλους) είναι περιορισμένες ως προς το εύρος των οργανισμών που περιέχουν. Καθόσον η καταγραφή περιορίζεται αυστηρά στα στενά όρια των ταξινομικών βαθμίδων που ανήκουν οι οργανισμοί (θηλαστικά, πτηνά, φυτά και άλλες) και εντός του πλαισίου της βιοτικής περιγραφής των οικοτοπικών συστημάτων (Dimopoulos, 2013, 2016· Petza et al., 2017· Chartosia et al., 2018). Επιπρόσθετα, στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις αυτή σχετίζεται με το αντικείμενο ενασχόλησης του ερευνητή (βοτανολόγος, δασολόγος, ζωολόγος, ιχθυολόγος, εντομολόγος και άλλο) ή και με τις αρμοδιότητες που ασκεί ο δημόσιος λειτουργός, ως προς την δασική, θηραματική, αλιευτική, φυτοϋγειονομική και κτηνιατρική νομοθεσία που εφαρμόζει (Λεγάκις, 2009· Φοίτος, 2009α, 2009β· Δημόπουλος και Μπαζός, 2012). Εν κατακλείδι, από τα προηγούμενα συνάγεται ότι, δεν υπάρχει ένα ενιαίο εργαλείο στο οποίο να είναι καταχωρημένο καθολικά το νομοθετικό πλαίσιο, το σύνολο των οργανισμών, καθώς και τα μέτρα προστασίας και διαχείρισης στα οποία υπόκεινται αυτοί. Το κενό αυτό καλείται να καλύψει η παρούσα εργασία με τη δημιουργία του χρηστικού, ενήμερου και εύκολα διαμοιραζόμενου εργαλείου Το πάντα (The panda). Στην παραχθείσα βάση δεδομένων του περιλαμβάνονται πάνω από 83 κύρια νομοθετικά κείμενα, περισσότερες από 123.762 εγγραφές που αναφέρονται σε είδη οργανισμών και περίπου 37.790.414 καταχωρήσεις, που περιέχουν πληροφορίες για τα νομοθετικά κείμενα, τα είδη οργανισμών και τα μέτρα προστασίας και διαχείρισης, που εφαρμόζονται στην ελληνική επικράτεια από τους κατά περίπτωση αρμόδιους φορείς.
Σημαντικά Επιτεύγματα
• Η καταγραφή και ταξινόμηση της άγριας πανίδας, της αυτοφυής χλωρίδας και των μέτρων προστασίας και διαχείρισης αυτών· όπως μνημονεύονται στη νομοθεσία.
• Η δημιουργία του εργαλείου Το πάντα (The panda)· ηλεκτρονική βάση δεδομένων.
• Η επινόηση δύο αξιολογικών εργαλείων: Κλίμακα Εκτίμηση της Σημαντικότητας (Significance Legal Assessment Scale) και Κλίμακα Εκτίμησης της Διατηρησιμότητας (Conservation Legal Assessment Scale).

Being competitive at the international level requires a certain number of conditions to be fulfilled. Research has identified port costs, port infrastructures, hinterland proximity as factors that can determine the competitiveness of ports, while others have focused on port service quality, inter-port cooperation, supply chain integration. This paper aims to analyze the competitiveness of Pakistan's Gwadar port, it has been taken over by China, at international level based on Diamond Porter's Model. Mains findings reveal that Gwadar has enormous potential to be a competitive port and facilitate trade in China, Pakistan as well as south Asia, central Asia, west Asia, Africa and Europe. However, it is expected to face competition and the risks of growing insecurity in the region. This study also aims to find out the significance of Gwadar Port, provide suggestion to revealed countermeasures.

De todos los eslóganes que los musicólogos transmiten a los profesores y a los medios de comunicación, y éstos a los pobres diablos que estudian música en los conservatorios, selecciono siete. Pero casi todo gira en torno a cierta modernez fracasada, aunque asistida por el Poder en los últimos 100 años. También se cuestiona una idea imperdonable de Peter Kivy, ya de paso.

Richard Nobles and David Schiff revisit the Sally Clark case and consider the presentation by non-statisticians of statistical evidence in court. Richard Nobles and David Schiff are Readers in the Law Department at the London School of Economics. Their book Understanding Miscarriages of Justice was published by Oxford University Press in 2000. They thank Ian Plewis, Institute of Education, University of London, for his comments on a draft of this article.

Contemporary artists are faced with a cacophony of choice when it comes to materials. With this expanded practice, where everything and anything could be considered a material, come questions for those charged with the care of these works: how do we discern the artwork's materials and their role in the identity of the work? By examining the use of 'people' and 'context' as materials by the artists Aileen Campbell, Justin Carter and Toby Paterson, this paper assesses the function of these materials in the work, introducing the terms 'material structure' and 'material as signifier' to aid the investigation. This process will deepen our understanding of the complex identities of such contemporary artworks, informing their successful stewarding into the future.

In this paper we introduce the concept of '(in)significance' as a way to think about values in heritage, and in the attribution, recording, description, assessment and categorisation practices that characterise heritage processes. Our aim is to throw light on how this concept shapes, and is shaped by, contemporary heritage practices and outcomes. We consider the history of the idea of significance, particularly as it is defined in the Burra Charter, and trace its inheritance lines in settler nation states and capitalist economic structures, and highlight its retention of concepts of heritage value as both intrinsic and culturally attributed. Using international, mainly Anglophone examples, we review a range of case studies and examples of significance and insignificance, of significance assessment in practice, and the tensions between expert, institutional or 'official' values and broader concepts of heritage and attachment. We suggest that the dual or layered concept of '(in)significance' might allow for heritage practices that interact with emotions, memory, place and things in ways that are often not possible in the context of official heritage regimes because of rigid aesthetic and conservation paradigms, as well as identity and ownership claims and deeply invested national narratives.

Phitsanulok is one of the most interesting provinces in the North of Thailand. It is an important hub and an ideal base for visitors wishing to explore the lower North and western Northeast. For today’s visitor domestically and internationally, the primary heritage attraction in Phitsanulok is Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat, an old Buddhist temple standing near Nan River.  The locals normally call it “Wat Phra Si”. Many Thai visitors visit Wat Phra Si when they reached Phitsanulok.  The visitors mostly planned to visit this temple at the first place in the morning, so they could perceive traditional living cultures at the temple and its surrounding areas.
Demanding of the visitation at the same place and time is now making this primary site in jeopardy. Carrying capacity is the main issue of the site. The secondary heritage attraction in Phitsanulok is highly required to spread tourist load and offer viable destination option to Wat Phra Si.

Wat Chulamani is the best secondary heritage attraction to spread tourist load from the primary place in the morning time. It is a Buddhist temple, located on the eastern bank of Nan River. The identification and assessment of all cultural heritage attractions in the temple and its surroundings are done in accordance with various evidence conveying significance between events, places, and people who created and used them in the past. The significances of the place and its settings are identified and analyzed to understand their own values to local communities and visitors in terms of historic, aesthetic, scientific, and social perspectives. These values certainly support Wat Chulamani to sustain its standout in the existing world.

The overall significance would fully attract all visitors to visit this secondary heritage place if the effective interpretation and presentation are available. The existing interpretive tools at Wat Chulamani are carefully assessed. Improvement of the interpretive signs, guiding, information center, and guidebooks are recommended. Uses of brochures, media tools such as website, and special activities are also discussed for the better interpretation publicly, enabling the public to participate with the temple regularly. All interpretive tools shall be properly and diversely arranged for various groups of the visitors locally and globally. To ensure authenticity of the contents and stories of the place presented to the visitors, all interpretation shall be provided by the local community. Young generations are recommended to involve into the interpretive service as well. To be proud of these heritage attractions belonging to them, they would be ready to preserve this heritage place for future generations without a doubt.

The conservation policies, critical issues, and plans are explored to ensure that Wat Chulamani and its settings will be conserved in a way that protects its significance whilst sustaining the overall heritage values for the future generations.

Weaving carpets of triangles into spheres and simpler polyhedra
Eliciting memorable spherically symmetrical semiregular polyhedra
Illustrative application to symbolic reconciliation
Spherical tiling and spherical polyhedra
Use of force directed layout to elicit memorable polyhedra
Potential significance of memorable irregularity?

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has again confirmed our obsession with, and misuse of, the Book of Revelation. Of course, this is definitely not the first time that Revelation’s themes and imagery have been pulled out and used to try and explain the current situation. In fact, the Book of Revelation is well-known as ‘the’ book of the New Testament where information about the present as well as the future can be found. Unfortunately, in situations like these, people simply do not bother to draw from the reservoir of experiences on which the author of Revelation naturally expected his hearer or reader to draw. This phenomenon is made worse by the fact that the primary study of the text has moved into the academic institution and, by inference, away from the faith movement. This may make earnest scholarly biblical study of the Apocalypse seem irrelevant to the general concerns of the faith community and the world. But the Book of Revelation does provide an indispensable resource for helping Christians conceive of their place in the contemporary world and meditate on the role the church is to play in a modern, secular society. John’s Apocalypse is not a mere nostalgic trip down memory lane; it is a form of anamnesis or recollection – in recalling or performing the narrative, the past is made physically present. By way of a performative reading of the Book of Revelation, this article makes use of a more practical exegetical dimension.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) can be measured with the variation of RR intervals exhibited in a sequence of ECG sample. For a short-term HRV, measuring time is usually defined. However, with numerous possibilities of shortening the measuring time to evaluate the HRV further precision can be exhibited. This paper elucidates on analyzing raw ECG data and then further pre-processing it to obtain a smoothened data to detect mean HRV value .Further the ECG Data subsets of different age groups is taken and analyzed to find out the implications HRV has in patient’s lives and as a predictor of mortality. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been a strong predictor of heart failure and its prognostic significance is yet to be explored. The data in the experiment are taken from publically available source physionet.

Researchers have not yet done an adequate job of reverse engineering the complex cultural concepts of religion and spirituality in a way that allows scientists to operationalize component parts and historians of religion to consider how the component parts have been synthesized into larger socio-cultural wholes. Doing so involves two steps: (1) distinguishing between (a) the generic elements that structure definitions and (b) the specific features used to characterize the generic elements as “religious” or “sacred” and (2) disaggregating these specific features into more basic cognitive processes that scientists can operationalize and that historians can analyze in situ. Three more basic processes that interact on multiple levels are proposed: perceiving salience, assessing significance, and imagining hypothetical, counterfactual content.

The experiment projected to study how body reflexes mirrors one's personality. This matter is very significant for it would let the experimenter to understand how our reflexes came suitably to our personality. These reflexes were measured by throwing a ball to the participant and by observing their reactions while personality was measured by providing a self-made questionnaire and interview. The experimenters made the assessment based on the Neurotic needs according to the theory of neurosis by Karen Horney: moving toward-compliance, moving against-aggression and moving awaydetachment. The study was manipulated by correlational, descriptive and experimental research design. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the experiment. Given 80 participants in the quantitative method, using ANOVA, the researchers got the result of /f obt /= .245 < f/ crit / = 3.04 with the decision of Retain H o , for the hypothesis, reflexes of an individual mirror their personality. Whereas for the qualitative method, there is no significance between the variables and so reflexes of an individual do not mirror personality.

determining, by empirical analysis of Bach' s chorales, which hidden sequence of harmonies is most likely to underlie the given melody 4. Ebcioğlu achieves similarly promising results via a completely different approach, encoding 350 musical "rules" and using logic programming to ensure that generated harmonisations obey the rules 5. Rather than harmonising melodies, Pearce and Wiggins use existing hymn tunes as the basis for generating new melodies 6. The only other classical musical genre that has attracted substantial attention is Baroque fugal exposition 7,8. For contrast, we have focused on composing the opening section of a mazurka in the style of Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849). Mazurkas are Polish folk dances. Chopin used them as the inspiration for over 50 piano pieces, forming a good-sized corpus for research in stylistic composition. Copying out and reworking pieces by other composers is often the first step in a young composer' s journey to "finding his or her own voice". The cognitive process by which the art of composition is learnt remains an enigma, however. If an algorithm can exploit existing pieces of music to generate successful stylistic compositions (as judged by independent and experienced listeners), then perhaps we can shed more light on the meaning of "musical style" and the human compositional Chopin, mazurkas and Markov Making music in style with statistics

Taken in an all-encompassing sense (as initiated by Werner, 1926), the notion of affordance allows us to think as a first approximation our perceptual relation to objects and especially to what we make of this relation as subjects. Transferring this psychological concept to the observation of linguistic data (Paveau, 2013) seems particularly opportune as it concerns its relation to the significance activity, in the sense of Gibson (1979). However, in addition to the successive re-readings that helped to adjust its application to emergence (Turvey et al., 1981), to cultural conventions (Norman, 1999, 2002), or as a disposition to act (Morgagni, 2011), some approaches related to phenomenology –ethnomethodological and enactivist, in particular– have discussed its operativity (Coulter & Sharrock, 1998, Varela et al., 1993).
To examine, under its robustness, the precision of this concept, as one can understand its manifestation in discourse and interaction, we set out the transitional character of its operative value. Then, we observe how it can cross various praxeological categories (action, intentionality, resources, indexicality ...). A case study which implicates using artifacts to visualize and communicate (in a CCTV center) is taken as a support for our investigation.

To determine the effect of different enabling factors such as curriculum, role of faculty, academic advising and availability of learning resources and supportive services on the performance of students pursuing their Bachelor's degree in dentistry. Methods: Data was collected from the male and female students of the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, during the academic year 2008-2009. All undergraduate students (576) constituted the total sample size of the study. The respondents were requested to fill a questionnaire form, which was specially designed in accordance with requirements of the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE). The questionnaire comprised 45 questions addressing all aspects of the relevant factors. The five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the feedback. All the responses (239) were thoroughly examined and only the completely filled forms (169) were subjected to regression analyses, taking student`s CGPA as a dependent factor and a depiction of their performance. The t-tests were also worked out to evaluate variations in the responses of male and female students to each sub-factor. Results: The study showed a significant impact of faculty and learning resources and support services on a student's achievement (α= 0.05). Surprisingly, academic advising and the dental curriculum had non-significant effect at 95 % level of confidence. However, the critical analyses acknowledged that the non-significant impact was due to poor performance of the two factors. Conclusion: The role of faculty and learning resources as well as of support services had significant effect on students' performance. However, there is an immense need to improve the level of academic advising and revise the curriculum to have a significant impact of these factors on the student's achievements.

Richard Nobles and David Schiff revisit the Sally Clark case and consider the presentation by non-statisticians of statistical evidence in court. Richard Nobles and David Schiff are Readers in the Law Department at the London School of Economics. Their book Understanding Miscarriages of Justice was published by Oxford University Press in 2000. They thank Ian Plewis, Institute of Education, University of London, for his comments on a draft of this article.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is applied to infrastructure and other large projects. The European Union EIA Directive (2011/92/EU as amended by 2014/52/EU) requires EIAs to consider the effects that a project might have on human health. The International Association for Impact Assessment and the European Public Health Association prepared a reference paper on public health in EIA to enable the health sector to contribute to this international requirement. We present lessons from this joint action. We review literature on policy analysis, impact assessment and Health Impact Assessment (HIA). We use findings from this review and from the consultation on the reference paper to consider how population and human health should be defined; how the health sector can participate in the EIA process; the relationship between EIA and HIA; what counts as evidence; when an effect should be considered ‘likely’ and ‘significant’; how changes in health should be reported; the risks from a bu...