Self Presentation

While counterfactual thinking has been widely investigated, we know much less about how counterfactual (“If . . . then”) statements are employed in political communication. We analysed statements made by politicians during pre-electoral televised broadcasts, to assess whether politicians employ counterfactuals in facework. Counterfactuals were coded according to their direction, controllability, and structure. Log-linear analysis revealed that upward, controllable, and additive counterfactuals were more frequent than downward, uncontrollable, and subtractive counterfactuals, respectively. A significant three-way interaction between target, direction, and controllability also emerged. While politicians more often employed upward controllable counterfactuals when speaking about targets other than themselves, they more often used downward controllable and upward uncontrollable counterfactuals when referring to themselves. These findings advance our knowledge of how counterfactuals are ...

Der Witz liegt in der Erfolgsgarantie. In Hardcover, einer Krimikomödie des Regisseurs Christian Zübert aus dem Jahr 2008, wird ein bislang erfolgloser Schriftsteller von einem Kleinganoven auf die Fährte des Schreibens mit Erfolgsgarantie, sprich seiner Biographie gesetzt. Er rechnet dem Ahnungslosen vor, was mit einer Biographiein Hardcover versteht sichzu verdienen ist. Was hier lustvoll überdreht vorgeführt wird, ist die Umkehrung im Spiel mit Klischees: Der Ganove ist es, der sich auskennt im Literaturbetrieb, und der Schriftsteller ist es, der scheitern muss. Ein Erfolgsgarant aber ist eine (Auto-)Biographie in Buchform nicht unbedingt, obwohl sich hier die Einschätzung des Kleingangsters mit nicht wenigen Kulturjournalisten und Wissenschaftlern trifft. Stephan Porombka widerlegt diese anhand von Verkaufszahlen und führt derartige Fehleinschätzungen auf die Perspektive derer zurück, die den Buchmarkt professionell kommentieren, aber aufgrund der eigenen Interessenlagen dazu neigen, die kulturelle und marktwirtschaftliche Bedeutung des (Auto-)Biographischen zu überzeichnen. (Porombka 2009b, 445) Auch von der Rückkehr oder von der Konjunktur des (Auto-)Biographischenregelmäßig in Feuilletons formulierte Befundekann kaum die Rede sein. (Auto-)Biographisches hat sich auf den Buchmärkten nicht erst des 20. Jahrhunderts etabliert (vgl. u.a. Holdenried 2000, 139-268). Nicht in Highlights, also von Hochzeiten oder Verkaufsrekorden, ist das Genre angemessen zu beschreiben, sondern eher als stetiges und sicheres Segment der, entsprechend einer Kategorisierung durch den Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels, Warengruppe Sachbuch; diese Warengruppe bewegt sich seit Jahren bei einem Umsatzanteil von circa neun Prozent am Gesamtumsatz des Buchmarkts. (Wirtschaftsdaten 2010). Die Eindeutigkeit freilich, mit der der Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels Warengruppen und Wirtschaftszahlen ausweist, relativiert sich angesichts der Vielzahl von Monitoring-Unternehmen. 1 Denn es sind jeweils sehr unterschiedliche Definitionen und Parameter, nach denen das Marktgeschehen um das Buch ermittelt wird. Vergleichbarkeit ist damit nicht immer gegeben, die Daten weichen erheblich voneinander ab.

In the discourse of English as a lingua franca (ELF), interactants will tend to bring with them the linguistic and cultural conventions they associate with communication in their own communities. These conventions are likely to differ in certain respects. When different sets of usage conventions come into contact and into conflict with each other, problems arise. The question then arises of how people position themselves and negotiate interpersonal relationships in ELF interactions when they do not share common linguacultural assumptions and practices. This paper reports on the first stage of an exploration of this issue. It considers how far the various perspectives on pragmatic interaction that are offered by three different approaches [namely the Cooperative Principle (Grice, 1975 [1989]), the Politeness Theory (Brown and Levinson, 1978 [1987]) and the Accommodation Theory (Giles and Coupland, 1991) might provide an appropriate framework for the description of positioning in ELF interactions, by relating the concepts and findings of this literature to a sample of ELF data from the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE).

This paper seeks to examine the status of homeworkers and teleworkers, and their protection in international, comparative and Serbian labour law. The author shows that work at home and telework challenge traditional model of work in many ways. Most of all, they challenge the concept of legal subordination (employee’s autonomy at work, lack of employer’s direct control of work), as well as the idea of the clear separation of professional and private life. In spite of that, homeworkerѕ and teleworkerѕ maintain employee status and should suffer no infavorable treatment due to their specific place of work or specific way to perform a job. Therefore, it is possible to use the existing labour legislation for regulating work at home and telework, trying to adapt its provisions to the changed organization and performance of work. It has been argued that the next step in regulation of working at (from) home should be the elimination of obstacles which may limit consistent use of principle of equal treatment, and the special protection of homeworkers and teleworkers (i.e. making conditions for the effective exercise of their collective labour rights and rights to limited working hours, to safe and healthy working conditions and to protection of private life).

High and low self-monitors were given the task of applying for a position that was or was not a good fit with their personality. Subjects were 97 introductory psychology students who had previously taken the 18-item Self-Monitoring Scale (SKS). They took the SMS again-as if it were being used to decide whether they would be offered a very desirable job-and were instructed to answer the questions to make the best impression on the employer and maximize their chances of being offered the job. Subjects were assigned to a job by means of a random distribution of a booklet containing the job advertisements, EMS, and other scales. They rated how good a fit the job was with their true personality, how different their answers were from their true selves, how easy or difficult it was to answer the question, the extent to which they felt like hypocrites, and how successful they thought they were in making a good impression. A final page contained 20 exploratory semantic differential scales on which subjects rated how they typically feel presenting themselves in the best possible light in a job interview. Results were consistent with prior research findings on self-monitoring differences in self-presentational behavior but extended those findings to the affective realm. Low self-monitors found it difficult to "put on an act" and experienced "emotional dissonance" and a diminished sense of well-being. High self-monitors did not experience the same negative affective consequences. (YLB)

Although hyperbole is a ubiquitous means of discourse, its role in interpersonal rhetoric has been examined to a much lesser extent than that of metaphor or irony. This paper investigates what discourse goals can be fulfilled by hyperbole, using conversations from some classic Hungarian films as the data. The reason why film conversations were selected is that the knowledge of the story and the transparency of the characters' intentions make the understanding of communicative motives easy. Besides, the situations in feature films are very similar to spontaneous everyday interactions. Analyses demonstrate that hyperbolic utterances convey the speakers' attitudes, either real or only presented, towards the topic of conversation. According to the social psychological laws of public behaviour, the expression of emotional relation or attitude is mostly subordinated to the speaker's attempt to construct an intended impression on conversational partners. Thus, the use of hyperbole has two main goals: to express emotions and to reach a desired self-presentation.

ust World Belief studies (Lerner, 1965; 1980) show that people generally need to believe that they live in a world where they “get what they deserve and deserve what they get” (Lerner & Simmons, 1966, p.204). In this article, we approach two normative characteristics of the Belief in a Just World: its positive social value and its normative perception. We review five studies showing this normativity, employing four specific psychometric tools. After presenting these studies, we will discuss theoretical and social implications of the normativity of the Belief in a Just World.

Der Beitrag zeigt, dass der Habitus von KünstlerInnen impliziert, Individualität als künstlerische Selbstbekräftigung zu inszenieren, wobei Kleidung eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Eine These lautet, dass sich dies bei Künstlerinnen zunächst anders ausnimmt als bei Künstlern, weil die Tradition schöpferischer Hervorbringung männlich dominiert ist. An Beispielen wird verdeutlicht, dass von Künstlerinnenkleidern wichtige Impulse für die Mode ausgehen können. Gegenstand der Recherche und Analyse sind Selbstzeugnisse und Werke von Künstlerinnen, Fotografien, Modekollektionen und Sekundärliteratur. Aussagekräftige Einzelfälle werden beleuchtet, wobei der systematische Aspekt gegenüber dem historischen im Vordergrund steht. Es stellt sich heraus, dass die vestimentären Inszenierungen von KünstlerInnen der professionellen Selbstermächtigung dienen. Da diese Selbstermächtigung den Künstlerinnen lange Zeit verwehrt war, wurden spezielle Formen der Appropriation entwickelt. In der Gegenwart lasse...

Many companies recruit employees from different parts of the globe, and faking behavior by potential employees is a ubiquitous phenomenon. It seems that applicants from some countries are more prone to faking compared to others, but the reasons for these differences are largely unexplored. This study relates country‐level economic variables to faking behavior in hiring processes. In a cross‐national study across 20 countries, participants (N = 3,839) reported their faking behavior in their last job interview. This study used the random response technique (RRT) to ensure participants’ anonymity and to foster honest answers regarding faking behavior. Results indicate that general economic indicators (gross domestic product per capita [GDP] and unemployment rate) show negligible correlations with faking across the countries, whereas economic inequality is positively related to the extent of applicant faking to a substantial extent. These findings imply that people are sensitive to ineq...

With advances in information and communication technologies (ICT), companies and platforms look to use the increasing volume and diversity of user-generated content (UGC) to predict consumer behavior, but with mixed results. In this study, we propose a text mining technique to find support for self-presentation in online social media and show that this is correlated with the content producer’s offline purchase behaviour. We use unique datasets from a social network site (SNS) and an offline fashion retailer to find that: 1) while public and private volume and sentiment metrics leads to nonsignificant predictions, the sentiment divergence can significantly explain offline purchases, 2) users who engage in SNS for self-presentation spend less money and buy less quantities, and 3) however, they spend more when exposed to specific site features that inspire self-presentation, like brand pages. Marketers and platform owners can benefit from our results by designing appropriate features t...

This study investigated how a job seeker self-presentation affects recruiter's hiring recommendations in an online communities and what categories of self-presentation contribute to fit perceptions for obtaining hiring recommendations. The study participants viewed potential candidates' LinkedIn profiles and responded to questions regarding the argument quality and source credibility of their self-presentations, fit perceptions, and hiring recommendations. The results show that recruiters make inferences about job seekers' person-job fit and person-organisation fit on the basis of argument quality in specific self-presentation categories, which in turn predict recruiters' intentions to recommend job seekers for hiring. Although certain specific categories of self-presentation offering source credibility have positive associations with person-person (P-P) fit perception, there is a non-significant relationship between perceived P-P fit and hiring recommendations.

A computer search was conducted to examine empirical research on the relationship between various ingratiation tactics and the judgments and evaluations of targets and observers. The data revealed a small positive effect for ingratiation on performance evaluations and a significantly stronger positive effect for ingratiation on judgments of interpersonal attraction (i.e., liking). However, these effects were qualified by a number of categorical and continuous moderator variables, including the specific ingratiation tactic used, the perceived transparency of the ingratiation, the direction of the influence attempt {upward, downward, or lateral), whether perceivers were targets of the influence attempt or simply observed the ingratiator, the gender of the perceiver, and the setting in which the data were collected. The implications of these findings for future research on the impact of various forms of ingratiation are discussed. Portions of this article were presented at the 1994 Midwestern Psychological Association convention, Chicago. I would like to thank Shane Klosowski for assistance with the computer searches and coding of each study, Gina Contrada and Liza Willroth for their work on coding and reliability assessments, and Alan Feingold and Jon Pierce for their helpful comments on a previous version of the article.

Информационната революция и създаването на глобалното виртуално пространство поставят основите на нов начин на формиране на човешката култура. Променят се формите, способите и обемът на генерирането и съхранението на културно съдържание. Най-значима обаче е промяната на достъпността, която стига дотам, че не само ползването на голямата част от продуктите на културата, но и участието на отделния човек в създаването на културата става ежедневие. В тази среда човешката психика се среща с нови предизвикателства. Тя е принудена да акомодира нови начини на обработка на информацията, нови способи за общуване и нови начини за себепредставяне, да борави с вписани контексти с различни, включително противоположни очаквания, за които има малко информация, да привикне към нов начин на организация в работната среда. Тези промени вече носят белезите на нови функционални възможности на психичното, като авторите на студията очакват те да се проявят в по-завършени и разпознаваеми форми в новите поколения, които са започнали живота си и са формирали основните си характеристики едновременно в реалния и виртуалния свят. Разбирането на характерните особености на психичното функциониране във виртуалния свят, на взаимодействията между реалния и виртуалния свят и на дейността за тяхното интегриране в цялостния човешки опит в новата интегрална среда предполагат значителни теоретични усилия и масирани нови изследвания. Затова авторите на настоящия труд смятат, че е назряла необходимостта от създаване на нов клон на психологията-психология на човека във виртуалния свят.

The information revolution and the creation of the global virtual space laid the foundations of a new type of human culture. Changes occur in the forms, means and volume of the cultural content generation and conservation. The most notable change concerns the information accessibility ranging from instant access of all on-line content to the opportunity for any single person with minimum equipment and Internet connection to join the culture creation and consumption on daily basis. In this environment the human psyche meets new challenges causing it to accommodate new ways of information processing, new forms of communication and selfpresentation, to navigate in collapsed contexts marked with high uncertainty, to adapt to a new virtual work organization. We expect them to become more salient in the future generations that are born and formed in both the real and the virtual world. In view of the profound changes in a number of fundamental ways of the human psychological functioning i...

The article synthesizes extant theoretical perspectives on self in virtual social networks. Рresented theories are integrated in a conceptual framework comprising three broad categories: 1) Comparison between real and virtual self; 2) Independency and detachment of self in virtual social networks; 3) Infl uence of the virtual self on real personality – identity shift. The main goal of this text is to present the development of theoretical understanding about self in virtual social networks – from subordinate derivative of the real ego to independent psychic structure that can navigate subsequent personal development.Студията представлява синтезиран теоретичен обзор на участието на Аза във вирту- алните социални мрежи. Представените теории са разделени в три основни смислови ядра: 1) Сравняване и противопоставяне на реален и виртуален Аз–образ; 2) Независимост и са- мостойност на Аза във виртуалните социални мрежи; 3) Влияние на виртуалния Аз върху реалната личност – изместване на ид...

In this study, two phases of the initiation of courtship behavior are distinguished, namely the first move of making the contact, and the self-presentation after the contact has been established. Gender differences with respect to cognitions and expectations of courtship behavior were analyzed through self-report in a Dutch Caucasian student population. Our goal was to assess male and female roles in these two phases, and to relate the findings to hypothesized gender role changes. It appeared that both men and women were apparently unaware of which gender usually initiates courtship. Furthermore, both genders reported eye contact as the most frequently used initiation tactic. However, the genders differed in other tactics, women reporting the use of indirect nonverbal tactics more often than men, and men reporting their engagement in direct verbal ones more often than women. In presenting themselves, men stressed personal characteristics that are traditionally interpreted as female-valued (such as tenderness) more than women did, whereas women stressed characteristics that are traditionally interpreted as male-valued (such as being prestigiously occupied) more than men did. This apparent change in gender role pattern is discussed against the background of the assumed function of courtship behavior and societal developments.

This research focuses on Joe Biden's political personae framed by means of conceptual metaphors. His acceptance speech (21 August, 2020), victory speech (8 November, 2020), and inaugural address (21 January, 2021) serve as the primary data for the study. The texts are analyzed qualitatively, and metaphors are manifested following the Pragglejaz method. While discussing Biden's resultant persuasive strategies, themes, and staged identities, references are made to metaphorical (self)-presentations by his predecessor, Donald Trump. The findings demonstrate that while Biden was hardly seen as a perfect candidate, his alternative rhetoric, emotional bonding with the public, inclusion of people into decision-making, and carefully constructed metaphorical roles (e.g., constructor, warrior, healer, author, traveler) helped him gain victory.

Using case vignettes that differed in the presentation of the client's social class, the influence of social class on therapeutic impressions was studied in the context of just-world beliefs. Results suggested that (1) participants with higher levels of belief in a just world saw poor and working-class clients as more unpleasant to work with and more dysfunctional and (2) working-class vignettes were associated with the lowest predictions of session depth and smoothness. The findings suggest that counselors may respond differently to clients based on their social class, and in a way that negatively predisposes them toward work with poor and working-class clients.

Many companies recruit employees from different parts of the globe, and faking behavior by potential employees is a ubiquitous phenomenon. It seems that applicants from some countries are more prone to faking compared to others, but the reasons for these differences are largely unexplored. This study relates country‐level economic variables to faking behavior in hiring processes. In a cross‐national study across 20 countries, participants (N = 3,839) reported their faking behavior in their last job interview. This study used the random response technique (RRT) to ensure participants’ anonymity and to foster honest answers regarding faking behavior. Results indicate that general economic indicators (gross domestic product per capita [GDP] and unemployment rate) show negligible correlations with faking across the countries, whereas economic inequality is positively related to the extent of applicant faking to a substantial extent. These findings imply that people are sensitive to ineq...

A plethora of studies that account for the differential use of language by men and women have explained why such differences exist from the standpoint of Deficit, Dominance and Difference models, emphasising male and female dichotomy or male domination over women. The present study aims at filling a gap in language and gender research by underpinning its analysis with a social constructionist paradigm which views language and its interaction with the community of practice (CofP) as the conduits in shaping identity and by locating the context of the study inside a religious CofP. Our analyses indicated that the members of a Charismatic religious community share common selfpresentation strategies when constructing their identities, rejecting the dualism that distinguishes male and female language. Both males and females in our study have the same tendencies in using Supplication, Intimidation, Admitting Mistakes, Apology and Excuse in the narration of their Old life and Exemplification and Burnishing in the characterisation of their New life. However, the same respondents also exhibited differential use of tactics that also bolster previous findings on gender order. The interlocking relations of language, identity

This study sought to examine the features that characterize parents' talk when they attempt to speak matters of sexuality to their teenage children. It identified and described various features of style which were analyzed in light of theories of pragmatics such as Brown and Levinson's Politeness theory, Austin's Speech Act theory and the theory of Cooperative Principle by Grice. The study sample consisted of parents of teenage children who were interviewed to give accounts of the kind of talk that took place between them and their children on matters of sexuality. The results showed that features of indirectness abound in parents' utterances with only occasional direct utterances. The study provides some interesting linguistic insights into the pragmatic choices of language that people make in ordinary conversation to meet their communication needs when faced with sensitive topics such as those to do with sexuality.

In the following article, the author describes self-presentation as a specific social interaction. It is presented as a concept typical for Goffman’s dramatic paradigm- presentation in front of other people. The writer outlines the participants in the spectacle and explains the roles they play in it. The article also recounts the sources of motivation to maintain a chosen image and mechanisms influencing it. Finally, the author signifies the manipulative aspect of self-presentation, the functions of one’s behaviour and possible causes of mishaps during the act. The article deals as well with the impact of attractiveness on the perception of those individuals and the role of self-awareness in managing communication skills.

This article introduces the social relations model (SRM) to unpack medium effects on social psychological processes. Although such effects have been theorized at group, dyadic, and individual levels separately, some of them can be concurrently analyzed as medium moderation on SRM components. Drawing on existing theories of computer-mediated communication (CMC), we map SRM components onto social psychological processes susceptible to medium effects: (a) "group mean" and "consensus" onto group social integration, (b) "uniqueness" and "dyadic reciprocity" onto relationship development, and (c) "assimilation" and relations between ingroup and outgroup SRM components onto social identity processes. We also summarize the SRM analytics and scenarios of medium moderation, and illustrate the key analytical procedures for adopting the SRM for CMC research.

The paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of self-presentation in business surroundings-a behavioral mode by which it is strived under public business surroundings to achieve an agreement and to avoid repudiating orienting to universally adapted norms and other people expectations. In the article the main strategies of self-presentation are described, which are used in business meetings and negotiation situations. The motivation of self-presentation develops under public situations, because it is characteristic of a person to take interests in people how they consider and evaluate other people. Therefore, a person realizing himself as a social object, tries to perceive and see himself as such who can be seen by others, and, representing himself correspondingly in business meetings and negotiation, tries to show himself to be accepted and evaluated, and/or in such a way that when regulating other people impressions on himself, when getting particular results in business, he or she could confirm his (her) own identity. The paper enlarges the understanding of self-presentation, which influence both on person's identity and his state shaping in business interaction. Factors determining the choice of self-presentation strategies are divided into three basic groups: individual personal factors, inter-individual factors, situational (of social environment) factors, which may be conditionally attributed to the outside factors. All these factors are closely interconnected and interacting not only during the presentation, but also a decision about what forms of behavior are the most suitable for developing such an image, i.e. to select self-presentation strategies. It is also important to take into account some outside situational factors and the existing in the society social norms, which could influence the presentation planning and performance.

Traditionally, impoliteness is associated with inappropriateness, unfavourableness, unsupportiveness, non-abidance by social rules, non-politicness, lack of cultural scripts or lack of FTA-redress (Eelen 2001; Jakubowska 1999). In the observed group of teenagers, impolite behaviour cannot be defined by means of all these terms. FTAs performed bald on record without redress, positive impoliteness and sarcasm the teenagers use are definitely unfavourable and unsupportive, but they are considered appropriate and politic by members of the group. The observed individuals interacting with their peers abode by interactional norms specific for their group/culture and used their specific cultural scripts. “Politeness is a social judgement” (Spencer-Oatey 2000: 3), and people are judged to be polite or impolite, depending on what that say, to whom, and in what context. Norms and patterns of polite behaviour differ across cultures, across different social groups, or even age groups. That is wh...

In the situation of the pandemic teachers face multiple difficulties in terms of achieving the educational function of the school. In order to understand the challenges faced by primary school teachers when organizing the educational process under changed conditions, a qualitative research was conducted in which 12 representatives of six primary schools from different regions of Serbia were interviewed using the semi-structured interview method. The obtained results point to the initial challenges of teachers in terms of using digital technologies and online tools and ensuring "equal education" for all students, dealing with negative changes in student behaviour patterns, a lack of space for the implementation of the school's preventive role in terms of risky student behaviour, as well as to teachers' needs for technical and professional support in organizing preventive work with students in current conditions. Taking into account all the limitations of the researc...

This article presents a semantic, syntactic, and contextual analysis of the language means of self-presentation, conceptualized as the dominant speech strategy in the job-hunting discourse. The scope of our research is limited to the written variety of texts expressed via the genres of CVs/resumes and cover letters. The material was taken from English-language job-hunting resources: Balance, Career Addict, Career Blog, Indeed, Resume.io, StandOut CV, and Zety. It is stipulated that self-presentation can be viewed as a system of interrelated speech tactics: self-nomination, self-description, presentation of professional achievements, description of professional responsibilities, and identification with an ideal candidate type. Each tactic has its unique semantic profile. All self-presentation tactics roughly fall into two major categories—nominative and verb-centered. The latter category, which incorporates the tactics of presentation of professional achievements and description of p...

Dans ce mémoire, nous avons comme objectif de comprendre l'expérience des individus s'identifiant à l'identité de genre non-binaire au travers d'une perspective sociologique, constructiviste et interactionniste. Nous positionnons la non-binarité de genre à l'intérieur du système de genre binaire, pour ensuite mieux comprendre la réalité de ces individus à l'aide de la littérature. Cette recherche met en relation les concepts de « présentation de soi » et de « soutien social » afin de parvenir à atteindre sa visée. Ce travail qualitatif mobilise six entretiens semi-dirigés avec des personnes s'auto-identifiant comme non-binaires dans le genre. Une analyse de cette problématique révèle cinq thèmes utiles pour comprendre l'expérience des personnes non-binaires. Les résultats montrent que l'identité de genre se construit à travers un processus d'identification inévitablement affecté par les normes binaires, fondé sur le soutien informationnel et la présence de représentation sociale. Cette identification permet de répondre à un questionnement généralement présent depuis l'enfance et est construite à travers une opposition entre une intériorisation du système de genre binaire et un désir de le critiquer. On retrouve aussi des variations individuelles dans la présentation de soi, au niveau du langage et du corps, malgré une norme d'androgynie associée à la non-binarité de genre. Une présentation de soi plaisant à l'individu est liée à un sentiment de bien-être et aurait un impact sur sa relation au monde. Elle est, en fait, influencée par le degré de soutien perçu et comporte divers objectifs, l'identité restant toujours intrinsèquement politique malgré cela. De plus, le niveau de soutien social perçu varie selon les divers cercles sociaux, influençant alors la proximité et le confort au sein des relations. L'éducation et la sensibilisation envers la non-binarité de genre sont finalement décrites comme pertinentes pour combler un manque de compréhension général sur cette identité, influençant l'expérience des personnes de genre non-binaire.

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Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine Weiterverbreitung-keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Redistribution-no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, nontransferable, individual and limited right to using this document. This document is solely intended for your personal, noncommercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.

This paper examines the ways in which individuals attempt to present themselves as healthy and fit human beings, according to the principles of dramaturgic self-presentation. Accordingly, Goffman's notions of face work, teamwork, and stigma are used to develop a framework for understanding how self-presentation impacts human interaction. This framework is then applied to a brief examination of the stigma of AIDS. Next, the framework is applied to the presentation of a healthy and fit self. Three issues are considered: what is common to the definition of fitness, what are some of the dimensions that become salient in light of that common definition, and, what strategies for presentation are possible based on the definition and dimensions. Finally, four variables that might affect which presentation strategy is adopted are considered: attractiveness, gender, age, and class. It is suggested that none of these variables operates in isolation and some of the implications for presentation are considered.

Six households were given multiple SenseCams, a life-logging device, to use over the course of one week. This paper presents an exploration of how the resulting image streams were used to trigger reflections, both on the users' own lives and on those of each other, and to offer new insights into the everyday. Further, reflection was invited not only by

Les façades institutionnelles : ce que montrent les apparences des institutions 1 1/ Ce dossier est issu du colloque « Les façades institutionnelles. Constructions, logiques sociales et appropriations des orthodoxies », École doctorale de science politique de l'Université Paris 1, le 25 septembre 2009, co-organisé avec Simon Mas et Sylvain Antichan. Nous remercions ce dernier pour les lectures et les conseils dont a pu bénéficier ce texte. 2/ Comme l'a fait Muriel Darmon à propos de la notion interactionniste de « carrière » (2008).

RESUMO O perfeccionismo é um construto multidimensional cujo estudo vem aumentando desde os anos de 1990. Uma das escalas mais utilizadas para sua mensuração é a Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), composta por três dimensões: Padrões, Discrepância e Ordem. Devido à ausência de medidas como essa no Brasil, este estudo objetivou adaptar e analisar as propriedades psicométricas da APS-R em uma amostra brasileira, por meio da análise de sua estrutura interna e levantamento de sua confiabilidade. Participaram 787 universitários (79,3% do sexo feminino), idade média de 25,98 anos (DP=7,29) que responderam à APS-R e a um questionário sociodemográfico. Os itens adaptados mostraram IVC adequados: equivalência semântica (0,99), cultural (0,94) e conceitual (0,94). Dentre os modelos estruturais testados, o bifatorial mostrou-se superior aos demais (χ 2 =452,371; TLI=0,94; CFI=0,96; RMSEA=0,047). Assim, a escala apresentou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para uso no Brasil, tanto no que se refere à sua validade quanto confiabilidade. São discutidas limitações e implicações do estudo. Palavras-chave: Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R); perfeccionismo; propriedades psicométricas; modelagem de equação estrutural exploratória.

According to the 2014 Monitoring the Future study, 35% of college students engage in binge drinking-consuming "five or more drinks in a row at least once in the prior two week period" (Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, Schulenberg, & Miech, 2014, p. 31). In addition, 14% of college students report participating in heavy drinking-binge drinking on five or more days within a month (Johnston et al., 2014). Binge and heavy drinking poses a significant problem for college administrators, as students who engage in binge drinking also affect other students. "Spillover" effects include students being awakened late at night, being insulted or harassed by drunk students, and having to take care of drunk friends or roommates (Campo, Askelson, & Mastin, 2011; Henry Wechsler & Nelson, 2008). In a study of a rural, northeastern college campus, 66.9% of students reported having to care for an intoxicated student, 52.2% being interrupted while sleeping or studying, 33.1% being insulted or humiliated, and 22.9% experiencing an unwanted sexual advance (Stiles, 2013, p. 529). Even more concerning, alcohol intoxication is to blame for as many as 696,000 instances of assault and 1,825 college student deaths each year in the United States (Hingson, Zha, & Weitzman, 2009a).

The breakthrough in high technology carried out by young people seems to be the motor of Elizabeth Holmes to establish a biotech company "Theranos" at the age of 19 and decided to leave Standford University. With the ability to present herself and her courage to take risks, Holmes became the figure of hope and positioned by the media as "The Next Steve Jobs". Holmes claims that she can make a product that is capable of detecting a variety of diseases only from a drop of blood, different from the current method that uses blood vials and a long time to process. Unfortunately, everything tumbled after its superior product, Edison, was declared a failure by the FDA. The formulation of the problem in this study is how Holmes made her presentation in the midst of a very masculine industry. This study uses interpretive qualitative analysis using the dramaturgy approach of Geoffman as well as Leary-Kowalski, analyzing the self presentation of Holmes, including the use of...

This article presents a semantic, syntactic, and contextual analysis of the language means of self-presentation, conceptualized as the dominant speech strategy in the job-hunting discourse. The scope of our research is limited to the written variety of texts expressed via the genres of CVs/resumes and cover letters. The material was taken from English-language job-hunting resources: Balance, Career Addict, Career Blog, Indeed, Resume.io, StandOut CV, and Zety. It is stipulated that self-presentation can be viewed as a system of interrelated speech tactics: self-nomination, self-description, presentation of professional achievements, description of professional responsibilities, and identification with an ideal candidate type. Each tactic has its unique semantic profile. All self-presentation tactics roughly fall into two major categories—nominative and verb-centered. The latter category, which incorporates the tactics of presentation of professional achievements and description of p...

Recentemente, alguns estudos tem apresentado as relacoes associativas entre os construtos Perfeccionismo (Pe) e Coping (Co), indicando ser um tema atual e importante. Este estudo tem por objetivo testar um modelo de relacoes preditivas das dimensoes Perfeccionismo Ajustado-Normal (PAN) e Perfeccionismo Desajustado-Neurotico (PDN), do construto Pe, sobre os Recursos Totais de Coping (RTC), do construto Co, quando mediadas pela Autodeterminacao (IAD), em uma amostra de atletas juniores de futebol. Para tanto, 182 atletas masculinos, com idades variando de 12 a 19 anos (14,86±1,97) de um clube de futebol do estado do Parana (Brasil), responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Motivacao para o Esporte (EME-28), Inventario Atletico de Estrategias de Coping (IAEC-28) e Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo (EMP-33). Os resultados de um Modelo de Equacoes Estruturais, testado sem a mediacao de IAD, explicaram 35% da variância de RTC; enquanto o MEE, considerando a mediacao de IA...

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) on the Internet has been claimed to possess a degree of anonymity that makes the gender of online communicators irrelevant or invisible; this purportedly allows women and men to participate and be recognized for their contributions equally, in contrast with patterns of male dominance traditionally observed in face-to-face communication. This chapter surveys research on gender and CMC, including textual, multimodal, and mobile communications, published between 1989 and 2013. The body of evidence taken as a whole runs counter to the claim that gender is invisible or irrelevant in CMC, or that CMC equalizes gender-based power and status differentials. In concluding, the notion of anonymity is critiqued, and the question of difference vs. disparity is addressed.