The port is a place situated on the shore of a sea, river or another waterway, protected by waves and currents, equipped with all the facilities necessary for the mooring, loading, unloading, and repairing of ships. Today, however, the...
moreThe port is a place situated on the shore of a sea, river or another waterway, protected by waves and currents, equipped with all the facilities necessary for the mooring, loading, unloading, and repairing of ships. Today, however, the modern seaport exceeds this classical definition, it is a specialized shipping infrastructure, being a complex economic unit with a wider commercial and industrial function than the production process of the major international commercial companies. Black Sea ports are the eastern maritime frontier of Europe, essential gates for entry and exit of imported and exported goods, the eastern maritime facade of Europe 1. Introduction Seaports are commercial and passengers ports or combined, for freight and passengers. A seaport is a coastal or shore-side landing where ships can moor and unload cargo and have car and rail links to the hinterland. There are specialized terminals within or out of ports. Sea and river ports are the main gateways for import and export goods for many countries with a maritime facade. In the European legislation, the maritime port is defined as an area of land and sea that includes a set of specific activities and equipment to ensure, in particular, berthing of the ships, their loading and unloading, the storage of goods, their reception and delivery, and the landing of the passengers. Over time, the role of seaports has changed. In ancient times the harbors were regarded as a safe shelter against the dangers of the sea; they have contributed to the prosperity and cohesion of Europe and other major regions of the world. Old civilizations had their important ports, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Maritime powers have developed through the boldness and spirit of exploring its people. The great explorers have brought Europe to the map of the world's maritime trade. The maritime trade has grown through Atlantic and North Sea ports, bringing innovation to finance and maritime insurance. The Hanseatic League represented the force that secured the development of the ports of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. With the economic development of human society, with the growth of trade, the role of port-cities as prosperity factors has increased sharply. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the twentieth century is the romantic time of the seaport, perceived as a window to the world, and with a rich and intense human activity of loading and unloading ships to the quake. The second part of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century provide the predominant picture of the installations and containers as a symbol of the seaport [1]. The modern seaport is a complex concept that draws its sake from the past (safe haven, a gate to the world), which provides value-added and shelters a multitude of integrative industrial activities, an expert center with a high technologically qualified leadership. The port includes all aquaria, land, hydro-technical constructions, waterways, rails, buildings, warehouses, platforms, railways, roads, installations and equipment within its perimeter. Today, the seaports with adjacent port areas are ideal for industrial and logistics activities and provide conditions for fishing, leisure, and tourism. The port provides opportunities for practicing specific jobs. In a port works:
