Nonprofit and Philanthropic Organizations

Seiring dengan antusiasme masyarakat terhadap program pesantren yang semakin bertambah dari waktu ke waktu, dan dengan bertambah banyaknya jamaah, maka untuk menambah kenyamanan para jamaah dan masyarakat dalam melaksanakan ibadah, kami pesantren Miftahul Huda berusaha terus berusaha membangun dan memelihara  fasilitas umum di pesantren
sehingga layak pakai dan memadai. Setelah program sebelumnya pembangunan asrama perempuan dan mesjid diharapkan menambah kenyamanan dan kekhusyukan para jamaah dalam melaksanakan ibadah.

Dan karena itulah kami berusaha berbenah diri untuk melengkapi
kekurangan fasilitas yang ada seperti dilakukan penggantian karpet mesjid, karpet asrama perempuan, karpet gedung utama, pengecatan bangunan
dan menambah kanopi tempat makan dan tempat yang biasa dilakukan sebagai pelaksanaan kegiatan rutin häri-hari besar Islam.

Colleges and universities are historic institutions in the U.S. that have sprung up since the founding of Harvard College in 1636. Though their evolution and development is quite simple, the involvement of numerous organizations and groups with philanthropy and higher education is quite complex. Utilizing resource dependency theory and institutional theory, this chapter reviews the historical, sociological, and organizational overview of the practices of philanthropy as it relates to American higher education. Two conceptual frameworks are developed and proposed by the author for teacher-scholars and advanced practitioners seeking to conduct formal research on institutional advancement in higher education. The paper argues that the fundraising professionals (e.g., board of trustees, the president, development officers) role on securing major resources and private gifts within the organization and field level is the result of coercion, imitation, and conformity to institutional rule, institutional isomorphism, and normatively based decision making in higher education.

Scholarship on leftist movements suggests a moderating impact of foundation funding, but for conservative movements, more radical ideology potentially attracts patrons, as evidenced in the development of the New Right. This paper looks at the grant-making behavior of 15 core conservative foundations from 1971-1997, and their role in the right-wing realignment of the Republican Party. All the foundations under analysis were major funders of the Heritage Foundation, the leading organization of the New Right network, founded by serial entrepreneur Paul Weyrich to pursue grander policy and cultural change than existing “Old Right” organizations like the American Enterprise Institute. The dataset includes the Adolph Coors, Sarah Scaife, Bradley, Olin, and Samuel Roberts Noble foundations, among other prominent conservative foundations. Incorporating a unique database of conservative foundation grants with the history of the development of the New Right infrastructure, this paper seeks to understand the relationship between movement organizations and funders as a dynamic process. By establishing bonds of trust, taking a movement approach to giving, and accepting risk and failures as part of the process toward building substantive long-term change, conservative funders and entrepreneurs active in the 1970s and 1980s established a sustainable and influential network that impacts the present day political spectrum. Infamous contemporary funders like the Koch brothers, who spent those years promoting the Libertarian Party, both benefit from and are limited by the entities and agendas entrenched by the New Right.

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The Society's artistic justification and value will grow and develop over time in synchrony with the scientific content, becoming an important illustration of the possibility of unifying science and art in the life of Man. This indeed may reveal itself to be the highest value generated by the study of the human visage in all its mysterious dimensions through the worldwide activities of the Society for Faces.

Readers are advised that this paper forms the foundation for three newer writings that should be read together with it for an integrated and particularized approach to the context, the form (or plan), the neurophysiological underpinnings, and the exhibition of the Trifurcated Face of Man (see 'Plan of Face Derived and Explained,' The Soul of Life and the Spirit of War,' and 'Desiderata for Primary Exhibition of the Face' on this page).

A fifth paper ('Convergences of Human Face in Life and Death') will, in due course, clarify and strengthen the contributions to the theory of the face by the present author and form the basis for substantial new research on the idealist theory of the Visage of Man by theorizing the integration of the individual facial conformation at first maturity with the totalized face in death (the Totenmask), all as envisioned by the 'Prospectus of the Society for Faces,' but now at last rooted in true psychology and demonstrable neurophysical reality.

Readers of this foundational paper originally dated 2000 will benefit from our recently uploaded analytical conspectus ('Analysis of Max Picard's "Human Face" With Implications for Portraiture and Its Exhibition') (which is essentially paper #6).

Coming soon in addition is a further paper ('Thematic Apperceptions of Max Picard's "Human Face" With Implications for Portraiture and Its Exhibition') (which will be #7) based on a close re-reading of Picard's masterwork in the astoundingly faithful poetical dress given to it by the late screenwriter S. Goldstein (1930), originally published in New York.

The translation of Picard is not mentioned in published accounts of Goldstein's career or in his 'New York Times' obituary (he died in 1970) but it undoubtedly constitutes Goldstein's most notable literary achievement. This is especially noteworthy since Goldstein, who studied languages at Columbia University, was by all accounts obstreperously leftist-materialist in outlook (actually a communist) but in Picard brilliantly and objectively handled the masterwork of an extraordinarily strong idealist at the height of his powers.

In praise of giving: Understanding the American Heart (English edition title) written by Guy Sorman and published in 2013 is the trigger of this bibliographic essay. U.S. American philanthropy is a relevant field of study. This subject has an important tradition of perspectives and point of views. Especially in North America, but also around the world, there are a lot of studies on this issue.
In this essay, I analyze from the first books and studies on North American philanthropy, the most important point of views about the issue, until the current and sundry perspectives. And I try to show that for many reasons, the book of Guy Sorman is not an important contribution to this field of studies.

Con l' Illumunismo il rapporto tra filantropia, educazione e potere subisce una ri-concettualizzazione che fa emergere una discontinuità rispetto al passato.  E' in questo contesto che prende forma l'opera di Johann B. Basedow verso il progetto di un architettura formativa dalla dicitura alquanto bizzarra a quell'epoca, il "Philanthropinum", che aveva tra i suoi punti forti, nientemeno che l'abitazione di Kant.

The hypothesis of psychological egoism is a commonplace in disciplines like economics, psychology, and biology. As an explanatory model it includes prosocial behaviour such as providing aid for distant strangers. But the inclusion of self-interest in humanitarian appeals can prove difficult because the moral economy of charitable work is regulated by different standards than the liberal market economy. This paper analyses the use of self-interest in appeals for humanitarian aid during the Russian famine of 1921–23 through the lens of modern philanthropic studies, while simultaneously assessing theories of philanthropic behaviour from a historical perspective. It points out the need for the systematic inclusion of historical experience in philanthropic research and concludes that the specific conditions surrounding the international campaign favoured the widespread use of appeals to donors' self-interest. An ideal–typical categorisation of such appeals into four groups—national, economic, group-specific, and psychological—is proposed as an analytical tool for similar studies.

Answering the Cry of the Poor (ANCOP) is an NGO operatingin Canada and the Philippines. ANCOP, under the Catholic lay organization Couples for Christ (CFC) havea community development program where it builds villages for the poor and offers free housing to selected beneficiaries. It accomplishes this by drawing on donations from, among other sources, the Filipino-Canadian diaspora, utilizing its transnational networks to redistribute wealth. This raises the question of what type of local development is being constructed through such transnational philanthropy? I argue that ANCOP’s practices can be situated as a governmentalizing process that creates and enforces specific religious and middle-class subjectivities through the structures of power that are enacted by its leadership, members and benefactors. Additionally, this research highlights the role of transnational religious organizations in contributing to development in the Philippines and in creating transnational economic practices beyond individual remittances whose impact is already well known.

Dans le cadre des Grands débats de l’Institut Santé Société de l’Université du Québec à Montréal, la Coalition Non aux PPP sociaux et le professeur de l’École de travail social Michel Parazelli ont convié leurs collègues à une journée de réflexion intitulée De la lutte à la gestion de la pauvreté. Quand la philanthropie s’en mêle! Plus d’une cinquantaine de
personnes, principalement des représentantes d’organismes nationaux et locaux, ont répondu à l’invitation et ont participé aux échanges sur le thème de la philanthropie et l’action communautaire.

Solving the poverty and social-economy gaps problems never been easy
for us even the government and it is quite challenges since the beginning of the human civilization. By interacting and integrating the religion aspects into the solution to alleviate those problems, Islam has provided through Islamic philanthropy as its instruments, which leads to social justice. The main power of the potency of Islamic philanthropy resides in Islamic countries particularly Indonesia which become the largest muslim population in the world. The most powerful tools to exploits its true potential is through human resources. In addition, to foster further on Islamic philanthropy impacts on social economy problems is to enter the economy sector in improving the productivity of low levels income citizen.

In the past two decades, the embeddedness of potential grantees in complex local webs of both political and welfare relationships challenged the work of international grant-makers, particularly in the context of the war on terrorism. These concerns are no novelty as organized philanthropy has historically worked in countries with undefined political constellations where recipient organizations pursue a wide range of goals. The relationship between the Carnegie Endowment for Peace (CEIP) and its local representatives in interwar Germany serves here as a historical case study to better understand the political realities influencing foundations' selection of local partners. This case shows that the radical pacifist stand of CEIP's German representatives soon became an obstacle to the work of foundation officers, who consequently sought the collaboration of more pragmatic and politically connected voices. Overall, the study underscores the power dynamics at the center of philanthropic relationships and the different degree of autonomy of advisors, representatives, and grantees in these relationships.

Australia is home to numerous diaspora communities that have settled in Australia throughout the twentieth century. Over the decades, these ethnic communities have adapted to the Australian way of life and while there was an attempt to create a single national identity, many immigrant communities continue to maintain their cultural and linguistic links with their origin homeland. It is to be expected that many within these communities feel they owe some obligation to their original homeland. At times this manifests itself as personal, economic support to family structures back home; at others, in more complex, event-based investments. This study is a preliminary critique of philanthropic trends in Australia's diasporic communties. While studies exist across the world on the philanthropic practices of various diasporas, very few address the dual theme in Australia. Some studies have pursued the two themes in separate contexts. Very few have explored the two concepts of diaspora communities and the philanthropic behavior of these communities as a single combined theme. The aim of this article is to undertake a preliminary and critical study on this significant and growing phenomenon. (Paper published in 2013)

Captain Josiah W. Macy, Jr. (1838?-1876) was an American Sea Captain and philanthropist.

The Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation was endowed in the name of Captain Josiah W. Macy, Jr., by his daughter (Catherine "Kate" Everit Macy), in 1930. Time Magazine in 1930 reported[3] that the Foundation created a fellowship fund for the expenses of Albert Einstein's assistant. "First incumbent will be Dr. Einstein's good friend and familiar, Dr. Walter Mayer, mathematician at the University of Vienna."

Can and should the superrich save the world? While this is a highly contested issue, attention is predominantly paid to individual philanthrocapitalists, such as Bill and Melinda Gates, Michael Bloomberg, Pierre Omidyar, George Soros, Elon Musk, or Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg and their visions. This paper conceives of such visions as raw material which is refined within philanthrocapitalist organizations. Traditionally, such organizations took the form of a tax-exempt foundation, a 501(c) organization. There seems to be a recent trend towards organizing as an LLC, thereby losing tax exemption. That an LLC is allowed to invest and earn money, does not fully explain this shift. Instead, the thesis is put forward that it is not all about money but that an LLC offers opportunities to solve problems such organizations typically face when tackling grand challenges: 1) making addressees use solutions (properly) and 2) scaling them. One solution (the Public Safety Assessment) from one organization (Arnold Ventures LLC) illustrates that philanthrocapitalist LLCs do not just execute their founder's wills but translate visions into strategies to reach what money (alone) cannot buy and technology (alone) cannot operate-and what an LLC is needed for.

What is the Doing Good Index?

The Doing Good Index (DGI) is a first-of-its-kind study based around a set of indicators that taken together show the regulatory and institutional infrastructure enabling or impeding philanthropic giving. It examines fiscal, cultural and social incentives to donate; the regulatory environment that can facilitate or hinder systematic investment; factors that affect the establishment and operations of organisations that deliver services or products to address a societal need; and their ability to access funds.

DGI gathers input from Social Delivery Organisations (SDOs) to shed light on how to address their challenges such as difficulty in raising funds, bureaucratic red tape, and a talent shortage.

While each economy has initiated some measures conducive to philanthropic giving and the development of the social sector, there is more that can be done to improve the enabling environment for doing good. No single economy has tapped into its full potential and there is room for improvement in all cases. In some cases, there are relatively simple “fixes” such as better communication with SDOs and clarification of regulations, that could have an important effect. Others, such as the reform of tax and fiscal policies will require a longer-term effort on the part of policymakers and stakeholders. But these could be game-changers in unleashing private social investment.

In bird’s-eye view, DGI plays a role at organisational, sectoral, national and regional level.  At organisational level, DGI helps SDOs to learn about policies, strategies and best practices that can facilitate organisational development.  As a group, the SDOs form the basis of collective identity to foster better understanding of the Malaysian social sector.  DGI also plays a policy advocacy role by providing data to policy makers to address key issues of policy and practice concerning the country’s social sector.  At regional level, DGI addresses the trust deficit impeding giving, creates new data to understand the landscape, and ultimately point the way to a more vibrant social sector in Asia.

Foundations are commonly recognized as having a comparative advantage in supporting forward-looking projects and programs. In this sense, the long term represents the natural horizon in which the foundations are called to fulfill their mission to plan and develop philanthropic activities and, therefore, the time reference for assessing results.

When a mission is focused more on improving the quality of life in a specific community than on addressing a specific social problem, evaluation of outcomes becomes more challenging. While available methods can provide valuable support to measuring the impact of a foundation’s specific program, they are unlikely to provide an overview of the outcomes of a multitude of projects financed over time.

This article presents the case of an Italian foundation committed to developing a tailored approach to evaluating the durable benefits of its local philanthropic activity.

REGULATING CHARITIES: THE INSIDE STORY is a fascinating amalgam that is part history, part chronology, and part storytelling about recent changes in how five historically connected common law countries approach regulating their charitable sectors. These countries are England and Wales, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, with each country’s evolutions being covered distinctively in at least two chapters.

Chapter authors include those who have served as principle executives of their country’s primary regulatory body, members and chairs of government oversight commissions, a legislator, and leaders and practitioners from within the respective charitable sectors, including one with a decidedly state-level orientation. Many authors cross several categories, and some cut across multiple jurisdictions having served as advisors to others or substantive participants in international gatherings of charitable sector regulators.

The book decidedly eschews a coordinated effort or commanded approach and successfully avoids merely comparing and contrasting among jurisdictions. Instead, the editors allow the chapter authors to communicate their perspectives on and experiences with the recent changes in the manner they believe will be most useful. In the process, the reader can draw their own comparisons, especially across the several key themes that organically emerge: the influence of political power, challenges balancing regulator independence vis a vis government and the sector, views of permissible proactive engagement by charitable sector entities in policy activity, and the effects in some countries of increasingly blurring lines with other sectors -- government and business.

    With this combination and approach, REGULATING CHARITIES satisfies certain curiosities, stokes others, and ignites new ones, perhaps especially in allowing the reader to decipher for him or herself just how much of the approaches taken by any given jurisdiction may or may not be readily transferrable to others. The book succeeds in demonstrating that appropriately regulating the charitable sector is challenging and that adapting from another jurisdiction(s) is not as easy nor as obvious as it might appear on the surface.

This 9,500 word manifesto/vision document by a veteran Arts activist takes a cold, hard look at the seemingly insurmountable challenges facing today’s creative community … and points to a bold New Way Forward — a provocative synthesis among Arts, Business, Education and Philanthropy that drives a dramatic shift of resources, priorities and impact.

First, the Social Business Initiative of the European Commission and then the G8 Social Impact Investment Taskforce: these are meaningful indicators of a novelty overlooking the scene of European public policies. While many advocate the numerous benefits that social finance, and especially Social Impact Bond (SIB), will bring in the welfare systems, it seems useful to point out a considerable and comprehensible confusion. The complexity of the instruments at issue and the difficulties arisen in the first trials, require designing a depth exploration, in particular with regard to SIBs. A SIB is a financial transaction that brings together seemingly contrary forces that turn out to be uniquely capable of producing new life forms when taking advantage of their interdependencies: through a complex partnership between investors, social service providers and public administrations, SIBs develop a contractual structure that provides reimbursement and remuneration of investments by virtue of potential savings related to the social outcomes reached by social service providers. Therefore, at the same time SIB may acts as leverage for social service providers, a tool for the sustainability of public spending and an asset class for investors. The implementation of these financial instruments raises a number of important challenges to deal with, both from the point of view of its economic features and the related legal issues. The main goals this paper aims to pursue are: (i) find the socio-economic rationale of SIBs, (ii) outline an introductory and theoretically acceptable framework for the study of SIBs, (iii) indicate a possible agenda of the crucial and outstanding problems to be addressed. In other words, the aim of this paper is to sketch a possible road map to meet the challenges that Europe is facing, in the belief that an essential contribution will come from socio-economic research.

The article answers a central question: which analytical framework would be most relevant to understanding the Canadian grantmaking foundation sector? To answer this question, the authors present the sector using the statistical information and analytical frameworks of the Canada Revenue Agency. Then they make his portrait detailing the roles taken, and sometimes formalized theoretically, by the foundations. Finally, in a third part, the authors make use of the three main theoretical frameworks that they have identified in the scientific literature to analyze the foundations. The authors conclude the article by analyzing the interrelations, theoretical and practical, of these three analysis grids. RÉSUMÉ L'article répond à une question centrale : quel cadre d'analyse serait le plus pertinent pour comprendre le secteur des fondations subventionnaires canadiennes? Afin de répondre à cette question, les auteurs présentent le secteur en utilisant les informations statistiques et cadres d'analyse de l'Agence du Revenu du Canada. Puis ils font son portrait en détaillant les rôles pris, et parfois formalisés théoriquement, par les fondations. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, les auteurs font usage des trois principaux cadres théoriques qu'ils ont recensés dans la littérature scientifique pour analyser les fondations. Les auteurs concluent l'article en analysant les interrelations, théoriques et pratiques, de ces trois grilles d'analyse.

This publication marks the culmination of a two year research initiative undertaken by TUSEV (Third Sector Foundation of Turkey) to understand and measure the potential for social justice philanthropy in Turkey. This study was part of a larger effort supported by the Ford Foundation to encourage philanthropy in Islamic societies.

Cosa significa la parola filantropia? E' possibile darne una definizione univoca nel tempo?
Le pratiche della cosiddetta “nuova filantropia” vanno oltre la donazione piani- ficata, monitorata e sistematica, orientan- dosi ai risultati, non solo sociali ma anche economici che porteranno i progetti e le organizzazioni non-profit alla sostenibilità, richiamando il concetto di venture capital e declinandolo in venture philanthropy.

Netzwerke sind beliebte Lösungsansätze für komplexe Probleme im Bildungsbereich. Was sollten vernetzungswillige Stiftungen und ihre Partner rund um die Gründung und Durchführung eines Netzwerks bedenken? Für welche Art von Problem eignet sich welche Netzwerk-Struktur und mit welchen Ergebnissen ist dabei zu rechnen?

: The Obama administration’s education reform agenda has included an increased emphasis on the role of charter schools generally and a specific emphasis on charter management organizations (CMOs) in replicating best practices and helping “turn around” the lowest performing 5% of the nation’s public schools. Through interviews with more than 50 leaders from 25 CMOs across the nation, this qualitative

As  the  European  ecosystem  continues  to  grow  and  diversify,  the  need  for  a  meta-analysis  emerged  to  examine  opportunities  and  challenges  and  determine  expectations  from  organisations  going  forward.  The  study  upon  which  this  publication  is  based  was  commissioned  by  a  consortium  of  six  European  foundations  (listed  in    acknowledgments),    who    sought    input    and    perspectives  from  key  stakeholders,  with  a  particular  view  to  understanding  the  gaps  and  areas  for  further  development.  As  a  result  of  this  study,  the  acronym  European    Philanthropy    and    Social    Investment    Infrastructure - in short, EPSII - was born.

Despite long-standing sovereignty sensitivities, the Malacca and Singapore Straits have been the site of co-operative governance and regime building. Of note is the 2007 Co-operative Mechanism of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, characterised as a milestone achievement in regional co-operation towards improved safety and security in the Straits. Yet, well before the Co-operative Mechanism were also earlier instances of co-operation dating to the 1970s – specifically between the Straits’ littoral states under a tripartite framework and Japanese actors through the Malacca Strait Council. In addition to providing a template for the Co-operative Mechanism, these arrangements offer alternative models of governance and regime building that challenge conventional characterisations of “regional governance” – what it looks like, as well as its driving actors. This article considers the significance of these early efforts, with attention to the ways that the region’s developmental context bears on the actors, structures and processes of governance in Southeast Asia. Not only does this historical process of co-operation give expression to alternative governing arrangements composed of mixed actors and obligations, but an unconventional governance agent – the Nippon Foundation – has played an especially defining role in bringing actors to the table and substantiating the co-operative process.

Acknowledgements This publication could not have been finalised without the aid and assistance of quite an extensive amount of people. The problem when going through the list of such companions is that it is relatively easy to forget a name and thus the less pinpointing of names the better.

Only a handful of foundations in Canada have been pursuing advocacy activities and public campaigns geared towards public policy reform over a sustained period of time. More recently, however, foundations are increasingly adopting this approach as a way to increase their leverage and advance their missions (Coffman, 2008; Elson & Hall, 2017). Foundations are therefore increasingly shedding their role of staying on the sidelines and leaving it up to the state and community organizations to take the lead in debating and addressing social issues. This can be seen in Quebec, where, in the spring of 2015, social movements had been mobilizing for months to fight against the austerity policies introduced by the provincial government. Foundations then decided to join the voices of those denouncing the unequal impacts of those stringent budgetary measures. The publishing of an open letter signed by nine Quebec foundations marked the beginning of a new form of collaboration between these organizations. The letter reiterated calls from international economic organizations urging vigilance about budget stringency measures and inviting the Liberal government to weigh the effects of its public policies on inequalities within Quebec society. Even today, this collective appeal remains an exception to the rule: foundations rarely address the government publicly, much less as a group. The fact that social inequalities were being addressed was also surprising insofar as, historically speaking, philanthropy has tended to focus on poverty issues. This chapter will analyze the creation of this collective of Quebec foundations in response to social inequalities in the spring of 2015 by revisiting the conditions that gave rise to such an unlikely mobilization. To do this, a series of participant observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with member foundations of the Collectif des fondations – hereafter called the Collectif – and consultants who worked with the Collectif at different stages, and public documents (e.g. websites, newspaper articles, etc.) were analyzed.

Wie können philanthropische Organisationen nachhaltige hohe Wirkung erzielen, indem sie erfolgreich soziale Probleme lösen?

Mein Modell einer "pragmatischen Philanthropie" ist das Ergebnis achtjähriger Forschung am Centre for Social Investment der Universität Heidelberg im Rahmen des internationalen Forschungsprogramms "Strategies for Impact in Philanthropy", bis heute das weltweit größte Forschungsvorhaben dieser Art.

Ziel dieses Programms war es, ein Modell hoch wirksamen philanthropischen Handelns zu formulieren, das nicht nur auf den begrenzten Erfahrungen einzelner Organisationen oder Manager beruht, sondern auf der systematischen Auswertung hunderter Projekte in Europa und Nordamerika.

Sub-Title:  A Strategic New Model for Consulting to Philanthropic Organizations. 
This paper outlines how the seven organic values that are innate to our species set the universal standard for the criteria of grant proposals, their expectations for results, and offer donors measurement criteria for comparing the performance of humanitarian programs.

Business and conglomerates have never been an isolated entity as the entrepreneurs or the businessmen have always maintained a consistency in the internal and external management and also properly follow-up the movement that use to take place in the external business environment such as consumers, communities, stakeholders, shareholders, and by-laws. Gradually, with the passage of time in last three decades the changes that took place in the Indian cultural norms of corporations had brought forward the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) referring to bring about overall positive impact of corporations on the communities, societies, and environments in which they operate. The term CSR became popular in the 1960s and narrowly construed. It had remained a term used indiscriminately by many to cover legal and moral responsibility but in the present scenario, it has been used in a broader way. CSR promotes a vision of business accountability to a wide range of stakeholders, besides shareholders and investors. Key areas of concern are environmental protection and the wellbeing of employees, the community, civil society in general, customers, employees, investors, suppliers, and activist organizations both now and in the future. This article is exclusively based on secondary data and presents an in-depth conceptual framework of the CSR, major provisions and guidelines encrypted by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. Further, the fundamental principle, core elements and its role in nation development are discussed briefl y for the better understanding of the reader.

Business and conglomerates have never been an isolated entity as the entrepreneurs or the businessmen have always maintained a consistency in the internal and external management and also properly follow-up the movement that use to take place in the external business environment such as consumers, communities, stakeholders, shareholders, and by-laws. Gradually, with the passage of time in last three decades the changes that took place in the Indian cultural norms of corporations had brought forward the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) referring to bring about overall positive impact of corporations on the communities, societies, and environments in which they operate. The term CSR became popular in the 1960s and narrowly construed. It had remained a term used indiscriminately by many to cover legal and moral responsibility but in the present scenario, it has been used in a broader way. CSR promotes a vision of business accountability to a wide range of stakeholders, ...

Remarks welcoming members to the DC Arts and Humanities Education Collaborative Spring Members Meeting. The DC Collaborative brings together cultural institutes with DC public and public charter schools, in order to advance access to learning opportunities in the arts and humanities for DC school students. Dumbarton Oaks joined the DC Collaborative in 2015. The event took place in the Fellowship House Oak Room.