National Security and Defence

Hai-Nyzhnyk P., Chupriy L., Fihurnyi Y., Krasnodemska I., Chyrkov O. (2018). Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine: ethnonational dimension and civilizational confrontation. Saarbrucken (Germany): LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. 229 p.

The expert-analytical study analyzes the preconditions, course and contemporary socio-political consequences of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the Ukrainian nation, which has signs of not only direct and covert, but also inter-state conflict and even civilizational confrontation.

A biztonság fogalma jelentősen átalakult az elmúlt évtizedekben. A kétpólusú világrend felbomlott, többpólusúvá vált és régi biztonságpolitikai kihívások helyett újak jelentek meg, melyek váratlanabbak, bizonytalanabbak, kiszámíthatatlanabbak. Továbbá más típusú védelmi képességeket igényelnek, mint az előző történelmi időszakokban. A nemzetközi szövetségi rendszerek, mint az ENSZ, az EBESZ, a NATO és az EU közös kül-biztonság-és védelempolitikája jelentős garancia a kollektív védelemben, de közel sem elégséges a nemzeti biztonsághoz. A háborúk helyett a válságreagáló és a béketámogató műveletek léptek előtérbe. A megváltozott szerkezetű és súlyozású biztonságpolitikai kihívások mind nagyobb része tartozik a nemzetbiztonsági illetve titkosszolgálatok illetékességi körébe. A hírszerzésnek és elhárításnak a megelőzésen alapuló védelmi és érdekérvényesítési szerepe döntő egy nemzet életképességében.

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań w zakresie prawnoustrojowego statusu Sił Zbrojnych w Konstytucji RP. Analizie została poddana rola Sił Zbrojnych RP w realizacji głównych celów państwa polskiego i ich relacje do innych zasad ustrojowych oraz obywatelskiego obowiązku obrony Ojczyzny. Ponadto omówione zostały kompetencje naczelnych organów państwa w aspekcie obronności i bezpieczeństwa oraz cywilnej i demokratycznej kontroli nad Siłami Zbrojnymi, a także zasady pełnienia służby wojskowej w kontekście praw i wolności obywatelskich. Następnie polskie rozwiązania konstytucyjne zostały poddane analizie prawnoporównawczej z przepisami konstytucji wybranych państw członkowskich Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego – Niemiec, Francji, Hiszpanii, Grecji, Danii, Norwegii, Estonii i Czech.

The article presents the results of research of the legal status of the Polish Armed Forces in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The key problems include the role of the Armed Forces in the implementation of the main goals of the Polish state and their relations to other constitutional principles and the duty to defend the Homeland. The article also presents the competences of the executive and legislative authorities in the aspect of defence and security as well as civil and democratic control over the Armed Forces. Polish legal solutions were compared with the constitutions of NATO member states – Germany, France, Spain, Greece, Denmark, Norway, Estonia and the Czech Republic.

Currently, Border Management is crucial issue not only for Pakistan but for the entire world due to increased technological developments and security circumstances. Pakistan and Afghanistan being immediate states have interconnected future with socioeconomic and security prospects. Principles of Coordinated Border Management (CBM) approach have been extracted on the basis of in-depth interviews with security agencies and policymakers to understand the real time needs. The current research employs mixed method approach. Process Tracing is employed in this research to comprehend the causal mechanism behind the contemporary issue of border management system. A detailed statistical analysis of prospect outcomes has been given to validate the implication of CBM. Implication range of CBM has been discussed with positive and probably negative impacts due to its wide range of significance. This research gives an analysis of feasibility support to exercise CBM in best interest of the state and secure future of the region.

Monografia prezentuje wyniki badań naukowych na temat estońskiego systemu obrony narodowej. Autor ukazuje jakie uwarunkowania historyczne, polityczne, społeczne i kulturowe wpłynęły na koncepcję obrony narodowej Republiki Estonii oraz wyjaśnia jakie zjawiska i zdarzenia (zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne) z lat 1991-2018 ukształtowały ten system. Ponadto autor analizuje strategiczne dokumenty planowania obronnego oraz rozwiązania prawno-organizacyjne Republiki Estonii i wskazuje na ich podstawie charakterystyczne cechy estońskiego modelu obrony narodowej. Organizacja systemu obrony narodowej Republiki Estonii przedstawiona jest w podziale na obronę militarną i niemilitarną. Autor wyszczególnia również zadania i kompetencje naczelnych organów państwa oraz instytucji odpowiedzialnych za bezpieczeństwo (m.in. Estońskie Siły Obrony, Estońska Liga Obrony, Policja i Straż Graniczna, służby specjalne, Urząd ds. Systemów Informatycznych i inne). Oprócz aspektów naukowych monografia ma za zadanie umożliwienie polskiemu czytelnikowi lepszego poznania i zrozumienia Estonii i Estończyków.

An Introduction to Cognitive Science: '2010 Perspective.
  (* The pdf file is written in Korean.) (File Size = 2M)
(* Version 1.1-2010.2.27.- Copyrightⓒ2010, Jung-Mo Lee)

[Contents]

1. Why Cognitive Science? : A Scientific Revolution
2. What is Cognitive Science?
3. Main Tenets and Characteristics of Cognitive Science
4. Methods of Cognitive Science
5. Academic Disciplines in and related to Cognitive Science
    5.1. Core Disciplines and Related Disciplines
    5.2. Topical Relations of the Disciplines to Cognitive Science
6. Approaches to Cognitive Science: Levels of Explanation
7. Research Topics in Cognitive Science
    7.1. Basic Studies in Cognitive Science
    7.2. Applied Studies in Cognitive Science
    7.3. Selected Major Topics in Cognitive Science
    7.4. Promising Areas in Cognitive Science
8. Historical Stages of the Development of Cognitive Science
    8.1. A Table of the important Events in Cognitive Science
    8.2. Stages of the Development of Cognitive Science
    8.3. Advancement of Applied Cognitive Science
    8.4. Interim Summary
9. Institutionalization of Cognitive Science
    9.1. Abroad (mainly in the United States)
    9.2. Local  (Cognitive Science in South Korea)
10. Future Converging Technologies and Cognitive Science
    10.1. Converging Technologies and the 21st Century
    10.2. Connecting Cognitive Science and Converging Technologies
    10.3. Interim Conclusion: The Implications of the Connection
11. Cognitive Science during '2000-'2009
12. Cognitive Science in the future: 2010s and there after
  12.1. Cognitive Neuroscience
  12.2. Applied Cognitive Science
  12.3. Embodied Cognitive Science
  12.4. Dynamic Systems in Cognitive Science
  12.5. Narrative Cognition: Connecting Cognitive Science and Literature
  12.6. Explanatory Pluralism in Cognitive Science
  12.7. Interim Conclusion:
13. Aufgabe(Issues to be Resolved) of Cognitive Science
14. Conclusion: Implications and Future Perspective of Cognitive Science

References
Appendix

The new national security risks, challenges and threats that appeared after 1990 and changed in their structure and weight, have – for the 21st century – demanded also in Hungary a more rational and task-oriented, more rapidly acting and more economical defense and interest-enforcing
system, with special regard to the Hungarian national security services. The divided national security institution system established during the political change of system – and further polarized in the summer of 2010 – is incapable to satisfactorily ensure the most efficient and
optimal use of the resources available for Hungary’s defense and interest-enforcement, as well as to provide an appropriate governmental

The Future Frigates Program SEA 5000 is the largest naval shipbuilding project in Australian history, the centre piece of the continuous National Naval Shipbuilding Enterprise. This paper, by former Parliamentary Secretary for Defence David Feeney shows that Australia will be paying nearly double per frigate as compared to the contemporary US and UK Frigate programs. Even though the Strategic Update 2020 highlights Australia’s rapidly deteriorating strategic environment, Feeney shows the Government has deliberately structured the frigate program so that it delivers capability more slowly (extended to 2044) and at greater cost (an additional A$9.3 billion). He argues the key reason for this deliberate slow down in the construction rate of the frigates is to enable the “implementation of a stable, deliberate and continuous shipbuilding drumbeat” so as to “end the ‘boom and bust’ cycle of naval shipbuilding, delivering sovereign capability and certainty for industry.” The paper explores the challenges of shipbuilding, the policy tensions and trade offs, and offers suggestions for how to get SEA5000 back on track.

Against the backdrop of Morini's 2010 article focused on the need to take regional perspectives into account when articulating an Afghan strategy, and in light of the harried 2021 withdrawal, argues for the use of what Dr. Jeffrey Reilly calls, "Strategic Design," taught within Air Command & Staff's Joint All-Domain Strategist Concentration (JADS), a parallel process designed to either validate strategy as received or propose one when it is missing, in preparation for the more familiar operational design process.

RESUMO: Com a saída dos militares do centro do governo e o fim da guerra fria ganha corpo um debate sobre o papel das Forças Armadas no Brasil contemporâneo. Nessa direção, o presente trabalho começa abordando o que se convencionou chamar de crise de identidade militar como uma porta de entrada à análise da construção de novas missões de ordem e segurança internas pela instituição militar no panorama pós-guerra fria. Ao lado disso, com uma agenda específica para as Forças Armadas latino-americanas, os EUA passaram a propugnar e pressionar o envolvimento dos militares em tarefas policiais rotineiras em detrimento da clássica função de defesa externa. Dentro desse quadro mais amplo, a "Operação Rio" foi utilizada como importante teste crítico às forças sociais interessadas na questão da participação das FFAA em missões de tipo policial. Efetivamente, ela viria a abrir as portas a uma participação mais ativa dos militares nas mais distintas missões ligadas à temática interna durante o primeiro governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, com a definição prática de uma missão militar de ordem interna e o início da superação da crise de identidade militar então existente. Tal como está configurada hoje, a missão militar acha-se assentada em bases precárias, sendo o principal traço a destacar o da manutenção da vocação interna, sobretudo por intermédio do Exército.

Este livro é um contributo para a expansão dos estudos de informações e de segurança na Universidade, realizado na perspectiva da História do Presente e sobretudo através da aplicação da técnica da open sources intelligence (osint), reunindo uma selecção de cerca de 230 artigos publicados semanalmente entre 2004 e 2007, de modo ininterrupto, em dois meios de comunicação social de grande tiragem: num jornal económico diário e numa revista semanal de actualidades. No jornal tratava-se de uma coluna intitulada "Informações Estratégicas" e na revista de uma página intitulada "Fronteiras", a qual, para além do artigo, continha também uma secção designada "Secretas" com três notícias breves sobre serviços de informações estrangeiros ou com estes relacionadas.

Az 1990 óta jelentkező megváltozott szerkezetű és súlyozású biztonsági kockázatok kihívások, veszélyforrások a Magyar Köztársaság vonatkozásában is sokkal racionálisabb, feladatorientáltabb, gyorsabb reagálású és gazdaságosabb működésű védelmi és érdekérvényesítési rendszert igényelnek a XXI. században, különös tekintettel a magyar nemzetbiztonsági szolgálatokra. A rendszerváltást követően létrejött osztott – 2010 nyarán tovább polarizálódó – nemzetbiztonsági intézményrendszer, illetve az ebből fakadó széttagolt védelemirányítás nem biztosítja megfelelően az ország védelmi és érdekérvényesítési erőforrásainak leghatékonyabb, optimalizált felhasználását, működtetését, valamint a kormányzati szintű stratégiai tervezést, különös tekintettel a megváltozott szerkezetű és súlyozású XXI. századi biztonsági kihívásokra.

This report reviews and categorizes the enormous corpus of knowledge produced by American academic and policy institutions about U.S. relations with the Middle East and other Islamic actors in the international arena. The report identifies five epistemic communities – conservatives, neoconservatives, realists, liberals and the left – and analyzes their discourses and policy recommendations. Finally, the policies that these epistemic communities recommended are evaluated and assessed. The author recommends a mixed-paradigmatic approach that will not only make the United States more effective in the Middle East but also underscore its continuing relevance to the security and the stability of the region and the global order.

In this dissertation I explore nanotechnology's foreseen implications for the global South by asking: to what extent does nanotechnology offer hope for a more equitable world? Overall, I find that nanotechnology presently offers little hope, based on its failure to demonstrate a reflexive response to the legitimate requirements of equitable development.

« Response to the US Government, Pentagon & UAP Task Force (UAPTF) », discourse by Yann Vadnais (GARPAN), presented at the ''UFO/UAP: The International Academic & Civilian UFOlogical Community’s Response to the Pentagon, US Government, & UAP Task Force (UAPTF)'' on August 21st, 2021.
Organized by Ananda Bosman, Yann Vadnais (GARPAN)  & Alfred Lambremont Webre.
30' participants in three languages (English, French, Spanish).

The IC's history is one of competiveness among the DoD intelligence agencies, the FBI, and the CIA.  The government has studied organizational issues and modified the IC multiple times, including enhancing the powers of the chief intelligence official.  Vignettes are provided detailing specific incidents of intelligence failure that resulted from or were enhanced by an IC unwilling to work together.

Convergence of cyberspace and terrorism, that is cyberterrorism, might be an underrated issue for the moment due to the absence of real world examples. However, the ongoing transformation from old to new terrorism and changing perceptions of war and state security proves the opposite. Cyberterrorism is a resourceful, innovative, and an unconventional way to produce unpredictable and online threats against the traditional state marked by strict physical borders. Due to the significance of new terrorism for state security and IR, it is important to understand why current definitions are remaining to be ambiguous, complex, and insufficient in combating future cyberterrorist threats. Characterizing such a complicated phenomenon might not be an easy task, whilst without knowing what cyberterrorism is, and what it is not, we cannot develop better solutions or generate better responses for state security. Departing from these concerns, this thesis asks: what could be the proper definition for cyberterrorism? The aim is to provide a new, operational framework to address lacking insights in the current literature.

L`Harmattan - Paris  ; Questions contemporaines , "Cet ouvrage étudie l’évolution récente de la politique étrangère et de défense de l’Union européenne dans sa complexité historique. Peut-elle jouer un rôle important ou reste ballotée entre les acteurs. La construction européenne a garanti, soixante années durant, la paix et la stabilité sur notre continent. Cette situation a permis à l’Europe de renaître des cendres et de construire une zone de prospérité et de bien-être, avec un modèle social unique.
L’Europe n’est pas une forteresse et ne saurait se satisfaire d’un monde où subsistent tant de déséquilibres. L’objectif de l’Union est de donner aux pays et populations défavorisés les moyens de se développer, autrement dit s’attaquer aux sources mêmes de la pauvreté et de la vulnérabilité. Cette action suppose la mise en œuvre de politiques qui permettent de contribuer à consolider la démocratie, l’État de droit, la bonne gestion des affaires publiques et le respect des droits de l’homme. Car le développement ne va pas sans la démocratie et cet ouvrage montre que les droits de l’homme restent une exigence majeure pour l’Union qui joue un rôle moteur dans ce domaine.
La question principale à laquelle l‘auteur cherche la réponse, c’est dans quelle mesure l’Union peut-elle devenir un acteur international. Comment l’Union peut-elle transformer sa puissance économique en une puissance politique dans le système international du XXIème siècle. Comment concevons nous la coopération entre les institutions de l’Union européenne et celles de l’OTAN ?

Ancien visiting fellow de l’EUISS et de la Commission de Défense de l’Assemblée de l’UEO, András István Türke est docteur de Paris III-Sorbonne Nouvelle. Il a effectué sa thèse sur l’évolution de la défense européenne et travaille aujourd’hui comme consultant pour les questions internationales et de défense. Il est chercheur associé de plusieurs instituts de recherche en France et en Hongrie.

296 p.



TABLES DES MATIERES

INTRODUCTION

PREMIERE PARTIE – L’EMERGENCE D’UNE POLITIQUE EUROPEENNE COMMUNE EN MATIERE DES AFFAIRES ETRANGERES, DE SECURITE ET DE DEFENSE (1947-1998)

CHAPITRE I. L’architecture européenne de sécurité et le développement de l’idée d’une défense commune dans l’espace transatlantique
/Du traité de Dunkerque en 1947 jusqu’à la mise en place de l’Union de l’Europe occidentale en 1954/

CHAPITRE II. La défense européenne entre l’architecture européenne de sécurité et le développement de l’idée d’une défense commune
/Du traité de Rome en 1957 jusqu’à l’Acte final d’Helsinki en 1975/

CHAPITRE III. La sécurité et la défense européenne de la réactivation de l’Union de l’Europe occidentale jusqu'à la mise en place de l’EUROCORPS (1979-1991)

CHAPITRE IV. La mise en place de la politique étrangère et de sécurité, et la défense européenne (1991-1998)
/Le deuxième pilier de l’Union européenne ou le pilier européen de l’Organisation de traité de l’Atlantique Nord?/

CHAPITRE V. L’élargissement de l’espace de sécurité vers l’Europe orientale
/Études de cas : La Hongrie, la Pologne et la République tchèque/ 7

DEUXIEME PARTIE – L’EVOLUTION INSTITUTIONNELLE JURIDIQUE ET STRATEGIQUE DE LA POLITIQUE EUROPEENNE DE SECURITE ET DE DEFENSE (1999-2009)

CHAPITRE I. Les grands débats autour du développement de la PESD

CHAPITRE II. L’évolution institutionnelle et juridique

CHAPITRE III. Capacités, armements, financement

Conclusion générale

Bibliographie

Europa Varietas Institute - http://www.europavarietas.org
András István Türke - http://andrasistvanturke.blogspot.ch

Kamu politikası analiz yöntemlerinden biri olan Referans Çerçevesi yaklaşımı politikalarda değişimi açıklamada kullanılan yöntemlerdendir. Kamu politikalarının bir makro bilişsel ve normatif çerçeve, referans çerçevesi (référentiel) ile şekillendiğini savunan yaklaşıma göre asıl olan eylemlerden ziyade aktörlerin algı ve değerlerini şekillendiren bilişsel durumlarını anlamaktır. Referans çerçevesini şekillendiren değerler, normlar, algoritmalar ve imgeler olmak üzere dört unsur bulunmaktadır. Bu dört unsurun yanında referans çerçevesinin hem üretilmesinde hem de yaygınlaştırılmasında belli aktörlerin ayrıcalıklı rolü vardır. Medyatör (médiateur) olarak adlandırılan bu aktörler, Gramsciyen anlamda hakiki organik entelektüeller, global referansları hazırlayan elit yöneticiler ve sektörel referansları hazırlayan sektörel işlemciler olmak üzere iki türden oluşmaktadır. Referans çerçevesi bu unsurların analiz edilmesi yoluyla kamusal eylemler arasındaki nedensel ilişkilerin anlaşılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de son yıllarda hâkim olan “yerli ve milli” referans çerçevesinin analizi amaçlanmıştır. Bu referans çerçevesinin anlaşılması noktasında kamusal eylemlerdeki düzenleme ve meşruiyet üretme sürecinin arka planının ne olduğu ve aynı zamanda çerçevede meydana gelen değişimlerin ne olduğu, nasıl olduğu, hangi bağlamlarda gerçekleştiği ve sektörel çerçevelerin global çerçeveye uyumu noktasında örnek bir alan belirleyerek uyumun mevcut olup olmadığı çalışmanın temel sorularını oluşturmaktadır. Global “yerli ve milli” referans çerçevesinin analizi yapıldıktan sonra sektörel olarak yansımalarının analizini yapmak üzere milli savunma sanayii sektörü seçilmiştir. Milli savunma sanayii hem makro çerçeveyi oluşturan “büyük ve güçlü Türkiye” vizyonuna ulaşılması noktasında hem de AK Parti’nin dış politika tercihlerindeki kritik önemiyle birlikte değişimin sayısal verilerle de net bir şekilde görüldüğü bir sektördür. Çalışmada bu değişimin arka planındaki bilişsel ve normatif çerçeve, referans çerçevesi açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

The Reference Frame approach, which is one of the public policy analysis methods, is one of the methods used to explain the change in policies. According to the approach that argues that public policies are shaped by a macro-cognitive and normative framework, frame of reference (référentiel), the main thing is to understand the cognitive states of actors that shape perceptions and values rather than actions. There are four elements that shape the reference frame: values, norms, algorithms, and images. In addition to these four elements, certain actors have a privileged role in both the production and dissemination of the reference frame. These actors called mediators (médiateur), genuine organic intellectuals in the Gramscian sense, consist of two types: elite managers who prepare global references and sectoral processors who prepare sectoral references. The reference framework provides an understanding of the causal relationships between public actions through the analysis of these elements. This study aimed to analyze the “native and national” reference frame which are dominant in recent years in Turkey. At the point of understanding this frame of reference, the
main questions of the study are what is the background of the process of regulation and legitimacy in public actions and also what the changes occur in the framework, how they occur, in which contexts and whether the sectoral frameworks are compatible with the global framework. After analyzing the global "native and national" reference frame, the national
defence industry sector was chosen to analyze its reflections on a sectoral basis. National defence industry is important because both macro-framework that forms the "big and powerful Turkey" vision and the AK Party's foreign policy preferences. However, it is a sector where
change is clearly seen with rates. In the study, the cognitive and normative framework/frame of reference behind this change was tried to be explained.

This doctoral dissertation discuss defence resources management in Defence Ministries and Armed Forces through planning function, function of human  resources, material resources and finances with the goal to reach needed military capabilities to fulfil national and international obligations. Planning as managerial function defines the effectiveness goal of organisation for future period with purpose of distribution of tasks and resources. Ministry of Defence as one of government agencies falls into the category of organisations which depend of state budget and generally do not make income. Non-profit organisations through planning create the structure enable activities executions which lead to established mission execution through definition of available resources and their use in most appropriate and most effective way.        Dissertation is dedicated to recognition of defence resources management difficulties under reduced defence budget conditions, redefining of structure and organisation of Armed Forces with maintaining or even upgrading of military capabilities for fulfilling of national and international obligations related to us of Armed Forces.   

As all of observed countries with exception of Macedonia are members of NATO or/and EU here it shall be examined role and place of NATO and EU in national system of planning and declaring of Armed Forces capabilities. Ad to this here will be observed change sin NATO and EU CSDP related to military capabilities.

Cyberspace is everywhere in today’s world and has significant implications not only for global economic activity, but also for international politics and transnational social relations. This compilation addresses for the first time the “cyberization” of international relations - the growing dependence of actors in IR on the infrastructure and instruments of the internet, and the penetration of cyberspace into all fields of their activities. The volume approaches this topical issue in a comprehensive and interdisciplinary fashion, bringing together scholars from disciplines such as IR, security studies, ICT studies and philosophy as well as experts from everyday cyber-practice.

The Caspian Project is a weekly digital magazine organized by the online analytical resource, Modern Diplomacy. Dr. Matthew Crosston is the Senior Editor of the project, which aims to acquaint people with this critically undervalued region of the world. The analyses go far beyond the standard issue of energy and encapsulates economics, politics, culture, religion, global affairs, conflict and peace.

The 10th edition of The Caspian Project is now out and it has several unique distinctions: it is the first edition with an editorial introduction and takes a more holistic and adversarial approach to investigating Iran's entrance into the global community given the recent nuclear accord. It is a great example of the diversity and discord that exists in global affairs, testifying to how there is no one single simple answer to such complex interactions within the international system.

''Réponse au Gouvernement des États-Unis, au Pentagone et à l'UAP Task Force'', discours de Yann Vadnais présenté ;le 21 août 2021 lors de l'événement ''OVNI/PAN : La communauté internationale des chercheurs universitaires et civils en OVNIologie répond au Gouvernement des États-Unis, au Pentagone et à l’Unité d’intervention sur les PANs (UAPTF)''.

Organisé par Ananda Bosman, Yann Vadnais (GARPAN) et Alfred Lambremont Webre.

Trentaine de participants en trois langues (français, anglais, espagnol).

For decades, successive Philippine administrations have attempted to spur the growth of Philippine defense industries to achieve self-reliance in defense equipment, only to be stifled by various issues affecting the entire defense enterprise. The lack of political will, limited financial resources, technological deficiencies and tedious bureaucracy were identified in the available literature as the underlying reasons why previous attempts to develop the Philippine defense industries have not advanced. There is also a dearth of studies examining such a topic from a political-economy and macro-economic lens. This paper seeks to fill in such a research gap. This paper is divided into four sections. The first section provides an overview of the global defense industrial market, its structure, and recent developments. The second section will elucidate the previous and current Philippine efforts to create a defense industry. The third section will tackle the issues and challenges hounding the Philippine defense industrial development, namely, a stagnant domestic demand, gaps in Philippine understanding of defense economics regarding complex weapons, and an overreliance on real estate-based and private sector-driven solutions. The last section will consider the prospects for growth and identify some policy recommendations toward crafting a more coherent defense industrial policy and strategy.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has the potential to revolutionize key aspects of Military Logistics and partnerships between governmental and industrial organizations. Extreme outsourcing of key capabilities has created complex and deep hybrid organizations between armed forces and the private sector. In this study, the internal and external effects and requirements of Additive Manufacturing in the context of the hybrid organization of The Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) and its strategic partner in Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul (MRO), and Millog Oy were studied. First, with a literature review, we sought to link the capability development processes and the change drivers within them in both military and commercial contexts. Then, we utilized an existing, structured capability model used by the FDF (DOTMLPFI) and its individual change drivers to form an initial concept of AM as a part of the hybrid organization in question. The initial concept shows that AM can increase the performance of the commercially backed Military Logistic System by mitigating the risks of spare parts shortage in case of supply line disturbances and by facilitating localized spare parts production. However, the different primary goals of the military and commercial organizations and the contractual base of the hybrid organization impose constraints on the capability development process. Administrative decision-making across the organizations and the conflict between maximizing military and commercial potential are the key challenges in maintaining joint-capability systems of hybrid organizations.

nota a CORTE DI CASSAZIONE – SEZIONE III - 9 MAGGIO 2009, N. 10285
Responsabilità extracontrattuale – Fattispecie costitutiva – Reato –
Giudizio civile – Mezzi di prova.
Responsabilità extracontrattuale – Responsabilità da condotta omissiva
– Doverosità della condotta – Fonte.
Spazio aereo – Sicurezza – Ministero della difesa – Ministero dei
trasporti – Obblighi.

National security intelligence collection is defined by secrecy and covert data collection. Methods of data collection and processing have developed rapidly along with advances in technology and data encryption. Activities undertaken by national security intelligence organizations such as the CIA and NSA serve to thwart potential threats to the US, warn allies of disruptive international developments, and predict the proximate reality of the international balance of power (both between states and non-state entities). In the US there is an ongoing debate, largely induced by the Edward Snowden NSA leaks of 2013, around the constitutionality of data collection and processing on behalf of both national security intelligence organizations and domestic law enforcement. Gaps in legislative, executive, and judicial oversight regarding the constitutionality of intelligence collection arose post-9/11, when reforms led to the expansion of illiberal and undemocratic intelligence collection in the name of national security. In this paper, I contextualize the debate surrounding the balance between national security and the civil right to privacy in the US, justify reforms based on Fourth Amendment principles, and ask what gaps should be addressed and reformed in the current system of US national security intelligence oversight. Proposed reforms are based on past decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the European Court of Justice (EUCJ) on the effectiveness of quasi-judicial (i.e. hybrid) systems of oversight involving both legislative and judicial entities.

Argentina constituye un caso de análisis de sumo interés, en política de defensa. Posee normas y organización general correspondientes a dicho ámbito, modernas y adecuadas. Ha logrado sensibles progresos en materia de relaciones civiles-militares. No obstante, su instrumento militar se caracteriza por la obsolescencia de sus medios materiales, que en algunos casos llega a una virtual imposibilidad de operar, con serias falencias de mantenimiento; y por una muy baja condición de alistamiento. En materia de personal, y pese a brindar buena formación y perfeccionamiento a su personal, presenta dificultades, poseyendo cierto número de unidades militares incompletas, y desproporciones en el número de personal correspondiente a diversos grados militares, entre otros aspectos .El trabajo analiza las causas de tales circunstancias, y efectúa una breve comparación con otros casos regionales, como Chile y Brasil.

The title of this piece is meant to evoke at least three sources. The first – and perhaps the only obvious one – concerns the ability of holograms to display parallax, a shifting of visual viewpoint that allows a three-dimensional image to reveal background objects behind those in the foreground. This parallax view is a unique feature of holograms as visual media. A second allusion is to the American film The Parallax View (1974, director A. J. Pakula), a rather paranoid thriller focusing on conspiracy theories concerning government and corporations. To a casual observer, the bare details of the military origins of holography suggest just such cynical and centrally-directed development, although I hope to dispel such simplistic ideas here. And a third passing reference is to the book The Parallax View (2006) by Slavoj Zizek, a wide-ranging and deep exploration of duality in political views, ontological interpretations and scientific methods, among other topics.
Zizek’s theme, as well as Pakula’s, is relevant to my approach, which focuses on a parallax of both practice and intent. During the first successful decade of holography, conflicting viewpoints developed between distinct communities: the militarily-guided engineers who invented practical holography, and the later imaging scientists and artisans who stressed three-dimensionality and other attributes instead of the original goal of optical image processing. I argue that distinct groups of users had different perceptions of what holography is and what it is for.

Analyzing President Obama's foreign policy and its global impact is no easy task. The early presidency of Obama has been marked by vicious attacks from the right, deep disappointment from the left, and something like indifference from the international community. This is understandable when the main argument is entertained: the expectations of Obama's global positions have not met reality mainly because they are more closely aligned with a cautious and considered 'true' conservatism, something no side (left, right, international) anticipated. The consequences of this becomes more than just about election results but has significant potential influence on the fundamental debates between soft and hard power. . He is the author of two well-received books and over half a dozen articles on the problems in promoting democracy and fighting terrorism. He has worked on projects involving the intelligence communities from over a dozen countries and actively seeks to promote leadership cooperation across these communities. Barack Obama…will restore America's standing in the world by providing a new American leadership to meet the challenges of a new century…Barack Obama…will reverse this perception of American arrogance and obstructionism. 1 Analyzing President Obama's foreign policy, or rather, analyzing the intellectual and positional evolution of his global positions is no easy task. It would not be hyperbole to say Obama came into office with the hopes and dreams of millions of Democrats and perhaps even the muted optimism of many moderate Republicans. In other words, hitting everything right on the mark was likely impossible. This only makes the present analysis more interesting, for the early presidency of Obama has been marked by vicious attacks from the right, deep disappointment from the left and relative indifference from the international community. This negativity is more understandable when the main argument here is entertained: expectations have not been met in terms of foreign policy because Obama's positions have more closely aligned with what some might call 'true' conservatism, something no side foresaw in 2008.

Argentina constituye un caso de análisis de sumo interés, en política de defensa. Posee normas y organización general  correspondientes a dicho ámbito, modernas y adecuadas. Ha logrado sensibles progresos en materia de relaciones civiles-militares. No obstante, su instrumento militar se caracteriza por la obsolescencia de sus medios materiales, que en algunos casos llega a una virtual imposibilidad de operar, con serias falencias de mantenimiento; y por  una muy baja condición de alistamiento. En materia de personal, y pese a brindar buena formación y perfeccionamiento a su personal, presenta dificultades, poseyendo cierto número de unidades militares incompletas, y desproporciones en el número de personal correspondiente a diversos grados militares, entre otros aspectos .El trabajo analiza las causas de tales circunstancias, y efectúa una breve comparación con otros casos regionales, como Chile y Brasil.

Artykuł  prezentuje przebieg prac ustawodawczych nad pakietem ustaw związanych z procesem profesjonalizacji i modernizacji technicznej Sił Zbrojnych RP w latach 2008-2010. Nowe przepisy w istotny sposób zmieniły system prawny i strukturę polskiej armii.  Zawieszono  obowiązek odbywania zasadniczej służby wojskowej, przekształcono Siły Zbrojne RP w formację w pełni zawodową, utworzono Narodowe Siły Rezerwowe i kontynuowano modernizację techniczną armii.

The article presents the progress of work of the legislative process of professionalization and technical modernization of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in the years 2008-2010. The new law  changed the legal system and the structure of the Polish army -  suspended of drafting for obligatory military service, transformed the Polish Armed Forces  in the formation of a fully professional, created National Reserve Forces (NSR) and  continued  of the army’s technological modernization.

Countries are developing a defense industry that enables the development of defense capabilities and creating a secure environment. National defense industrial capacities enable equipping national armed forces with weapons and equipment from national production. At the same time, by achieving top quality, the national defense industry can compete in the international armament and military equipment market, contribute to economic development, develop new technologies, employment, and increase GDP. The most robust and most developed countries in the defense industry work on new technologically advanced products. Other countries with small but highly high-quality products in military and defense technology and dual-use products competing in the international market can gain recognition and establish a particular market position. The Croatian defense industry is an essential part of this area, given that producers from this industrial sector represent a solid industrial base focused on the development of high-tech products with high added value. A key element and precondition for competition in the international market are that the national armed forces are users of the national defense industry's products to develop national defense capabilities.

Téma: A nemzetbiztonsági szolgálatok kommunikációs stratégiája, internetes viták a nemzetbiztonsági szolgálatokról(előadó: Várhalmi Miklós). Az általános kormányzati-és médiakommunikáció változása a lakosság irányába, az elmúlt 15-20 év politikai, társadalmi és gazdasági változásainak a tükrében

Despite the already existing rules on both sides to avoid such thinking, preconception that begets misperception that begets faulty intelligence analysis continues to afflict both academics and practitioners alike. The only ‘remedies’ offered to overcome this problem deal mostly in homilies, such as think smarter, put things together better, and stick with only the preconceptions that are accurate. How to do any of this is left mostly unexplored, of course, except to advise consulting people with alternative points of view. Indeed, perhaps the biggest preconception of all is attitudinal. Instead of finding mutually enhancing connectivity, efforts seem to reinforce working separately but adequately: academics can swing principles of academic freedom and methodological purity like hammers of condemnation, proclaiming their open source insights more valuable and more accurate than classified materials, while practitioners can dismissively note how academics often bend their own research rules in order to justify heavy financial investments and ensure positive tenure decisions.

Con la intervención del Estado como un todo, se pretende recuperar la gobernabilidad, imponer la autoridad bajo el imperio de la Ley, robustecer el sistema judicial para garantizar la eficiencia y transparencia de la administración pública, fortalecer las instituciones legítimas en todo el territorio, atacando por igual a cada uno de los factores y agentes generadores de violencia.

KUM SAATİ YAYINLARI Bu kitap askerle ile ilgili konularda daha çok sivilleri bilgilendirmek için yazıldı.Kitabın yazılmasında öncelikle silahlı kuvvetlerin ya da milletin ordusu ile ilgili faaliyetlerin sadece askerlerin gayretleri ile kotarılamayacak kadar geniş bir alanda cereyan ettiği ve bu kapsamda sivillerin ülke savunması ile ilgili görevlerinin içeriği ile ilgili entelektüel bir okuyucu kitlesinde gerekli bir bilinç düzeyi yaratılmaya gayret edilmiştir.

In an environment where drone technology is being openly sold on a massive scale across the global market and countless countries are striving to build and obtain their own drone fleets, it is deeply troubling that the general consensus around the world is that America uses drones in a manner that makes questionable targeting and covert killing commonplace. The lack of concern within American corridors of power seems predicated on lazy assurance that no real rivals are emerging to learn from these ambiguities and obfuscations.

The United States` Critical Infrastructure System (CIs) represents an umbrella concept grouping all those resources that are essential for national economic, financial, and social system. These critical infrastructures are vital and without them, or with any damages to them, would cripple the nation, states, and/or local communities and tribes. Based on a systematic review approach (methodology), this paper aims to review the United States' Critical Infrastructure Protection System (USCIPS) at tree aspects. In section one, the policy pillars of USCIPS are outlined based on studding Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21) and National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP). Section two discusses the interdependent nature of the sixteen critical infrastructure sectors and identified the further designation of lifeline sectors. Final sector introduces USCIPS stakeholders, collaboration and partnership across between the private sector and public sector stakeholders.