Legal Design

O presente trabalho busca apresentar algumas reflexões iniciais a respeito do potencial uso da abordagem do legal design para a litigância estratégica na área de direitos humanos. Entende-se que o uso de  ferramentas que busquem aprimorar a empatia e a comunicação sobre temas levados a juízo é especialmente relevante em casos que almejam o impacto social por meio de avanços jurídicos nos tribunais e  mudanças de paradigmas em órgãos governamentais. Essa característica transformadora dos litígios estruturais gera três
ordens de desafios, mapeados neste trabalho: o primeiro é a importância da articulação de diferentes stakeholders em todo o transcurso do caso, o segundo diz respeito à complexidade
dos temas levados à esfera de decisão do tomador de decisão e, por fim, mostra-se a necessidade de monitoramento do caso por meio do acesso à informação e dos dados produzidos, e pela transparência das ações desenvolvidas. A partir da apresentação da literatura mais recente sobre o tema, conclui-se que o legal design se apresenta como um processo adequado e com potencial metodológico para a solução desses desafios específicos do litígio estratégico, e revela-se como abordagem cada vez mais popular para os operadores do direito em distintos contextos, consultivos e contenciosos, com resultados  promissores também na área dos direitos humanos.

Полная версия статьи доступна бесплатно на английском языке: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3447215

Статья посвящена юридическому дизайну, или Legal Design, который по сути является методикой творческого решения юридических задач. Эта методика получает все большее распространение с развитием юридических технологий (Legal Tech), повышающих эффективность работы юриста (агрегаторы, самообучающиеся алгоритмы, децентрализованные инструменты и т.п.). Поскольку разработчики новых продуктов используют методики дизайн-мышления (UX/UI-дизайн, прототипирование, отработка гипотез, масштабирование), дизайн-мышление постепенно проникает и в юридическую среду.

В начале работы над статьей я стоял перед выбором: написать ее с применением методов дизайн-мышления (клиентоориентированность, визуализация, упрощение) или же замаскировать содержание под слоем наукообразной терминологии и ссылками на работы по менеджменту и психологии бихевиоризма. Я выбрал первый вариант в полном соответствии с философией Legal Design и надеюсь, что читатели это оценят.

This paper challenges two assumptions made by most lawyers: first, that contracts should consist of words alone; second, that only human beings are capable of designing the “look and feel” of contracts. These assumptions amount to taboos – even in today’s digital world. Humanoid robots for contract visualisation would or rather will break these taboos. Contract visualisation constitutes a fledgling subject concerning various fields of law (e.g. visual law, legal design, contract law, legal theory and EU law). This topic needs to be explored from different perspectives. Although humanoid robots are being increasingly implemented in the legal context, their potential for contract visualisation has not yet been investigated. This paper therefore discusses contract visualisation and how humanoid robots might use visuals of the Contract Design Pattern Library presented by the International Association for Contract & Commercial Management (IACCM). The findings prompt discussion about whether and, if so, how to communicate legally with those anthropomorphic machines. Or even more specifically, about whether and, if so, how humanoid robots might best represent contracts visually and communicate these both to humans and to other humanoid robots.

Justice systems around the world are launching online courts and tribunals in order to improve access to justice, especially for self-represented litigants (SRLs). Online courts are designed to handhold SRLs throughout the process and empower them to make procedural and substantive decisions. To that end, they present SRLs with streamlined and simplified procedures and employ a host of user interface design and user experience strategies (UI/UX). Focusing on these features, the article analyzes online courts as digital choice environments that shape SRLs’ decisions, inputs and actions, and considers their implications on access to justice, due process and the impartiality of courts. Accordingly, the article begins to close the knowledge gap regarding choice architecture in online legal proceedings. Using examples from current online courts, the article considers how mechanisms such as choice overload, display, colorfulness, visual complexity, and personalization influence SRLs’ choi...

Patterns are a central tool in legal design. They are conceptual schemes or entities describing solutions to a recurring legal problem, helping to make contracts, disclosures and policies accessible to users and easier to prepare. In this paper, we take stock of existing legal design patterns and pattern libraries and present the idea of a legal design pattern language intended to lead to documenting and sharing good practices across disciplines and to more actionable pattern libraries.

This paper addresses the issue of incomprehensible consumer contracts – the small print. I argue that when people suffer loss because they did not understand a contract condition, we should view it as a cognitive accident.  This changes our perspective to one of duty of care, and risk management. I argue that processes are as important as templates or models, and I speculate about what an emerging genre of human-readable contract might look like.

A version of this paper was subsequently published as chapter in Marcelo Corrales, Helena Haapio and Mark Fenwick (eds), Research Handbook on Contract Design, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022.

Processo civile telematico e codice di rito. Problemi di compatibilità e suggestioni evolutive SOMMARIO: 1. Ritorno al futuro: l'obbligatorietà del processo civile telematico. -2. Forme e formati degli atti processuali. -3. Forme residuali. -4. Possibili degenerazioni .... -5. Segue: possibili reazioni. -6. Il processo civile alla prova della tecnologia. -7. Verso un processo telematico « nativo ».

A revolução 4.0 traz à tona transformações significativas ao mundo normativo, tendo em vista que conduz modificações exorbitantes no status quo. Consequentemente, o Direito é impelido a acompanhar tais mudanças observando os novos fenômenos pós-modernos, incorrendo em problemáticas complexas, isto é, à priori ainda não abordadas, pois se tratam de fatores irremediáveis da modernidade líquida. Sendo assim, em decorrência dos sintomas cibernéticos e digitais, os princípios do Design passaram a ser aplicados ao Direito buscando soluções. A fim de construir um sistema legal compatível com as demandas do século XXI, bem como, salvaguardar o acesso à Justiça, irrompe o Design Jurídico no intento de fomentar a inovação e propor uma nova “arte” para o direito. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as nuances do Legal Design através de uma fundamentação teórica, respaldando os seus princípios, tal como, empírica ao versar sobre a sua mecânica. Os conceitos utilizados abordam termos como navegabilidade, design centrado no usuário, inovação e justiça digital. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi a explicativa, buscando evidenciar a importância do tema. Propõe-se, desse modo, apresentar ponderações e analisar a influência desse novo modus operandi sobre o sistema legal. O intento primordial é, através do método hipotético-dedutivo, abordar a tecnologia e a criatividade como vetores imprescindíveis para a construção de um Direito 4.0, bem como, apresentar um novo mindset jurídico.

This paper rests on three premises: First, ongoing digitalization is unleashing visualization (still or moving images) and audiovisualization (videos, audiovisual animations, etc.). This massive technological development is also initiating multisensorization (humanoid robots,
virtual realities, etc). Second, visual law and legal design are still largely unknown as fields of scholarly inquiry to many legal and non-legal actors. My paper therefore uses “visual law” and “legal design” as  working terms to delineate these fields. Third, I take an etymological
approach to the word “responsible” featuring in the conference title of the International Symposion on Legal Informatics 2020 as it implies a quality that is required of digitalization. The English adjective “responsible” comes from the Latin verb respondēre, whose meanings
include answering (responding) and corresponding to something. Based on these premises, this paper explores four key questions: How does current legal research respond to visualization? What are visual law and legal design? How are visual law and legal design similar or different? What should visual lawyers or legal designers do to act responsibly in the face of ongoing digitalization? Tackling these questions yields new insights for the debate on legal visualization. The answers given in this paper reveal how various basic legal disciplines and law-and areas gravitate around this topic. The answers also demonstrate that the insights of the basic legal disciplines and law-and areas are or should be interconnected. Taking such steps will promote not only visualization  itself but also interdisciplinary legal research on this important topic.

Legal Design is an umbrella term for merging forward-looking legal thinking with design thinking. It applies human-centered design to prevent or solve legal problems. Legal Design takes an interdisciplinary and proactive approach to law, covering not only legal information and documents, but also legal services, processes, and systems. This paper introduces Legal Design in the context of forward-looking Legal Tech, especially through the lenses of data protection, and analyses the analogies among Value-Sensitive Design, Proactive Law, and Privacy by Design.

This article is dedicated to the notion of "Legal Design" which generally applies to creative approaches to legal tasks. The method has spread widely with the development of legal technologies (legal tech) which improve the efficiency of everyday legal jobs (through aggregators, machine learning algorithms, distributed instruments. etc.). As developers of the new products must use design thinking (UX/UI design, prototyping, a/b testing, scaling) this approach is also being gradually adopted by the legal community.

When I started to write this article, I faced a dilemma: either to put it together using legal design methods (e.g. client-oriented approach, visualizations, simplifications) or mask the content under layers of pseudo-scientific jargon and sophisticated citations. I've chosen the first option in full accordance with Legal Design philosophy and I hope that readers find it useful.

COMUNICAZIONE EFFICACE-EFFICIENTE Comunicazione mirata al destinatario Testo-contesto Meno informazioni, quelle che servono (sovrabbondanza informativa, velocità) Fiendly-fiducia-empatia COMUNICARE A TUTTI? Esigenza di semplificare e rendere a più accessibile un linguaggio tecnico Code Napoléon, Plain Legal English, Manifesto Legal Design. NON SOLO SCRITTURA Grafica, codice, struttura, organizzazione e rappresentazione delle informazioni USER EXPERIENCE I nuovi servizi, piattaforme e App, ci hanno abituato a un nuovo tipo di comunicazione Si è creata un'aspettativa, un'esigenza, di una comunicazione di tal genere anche con riguardo ai servizi legali?. DESIGN THINKING Progettare partendo dai bisogni Pensare al dopo, tutela ex ante Approccio human-centered Porsi le domande e porle a tutti i soggetti che dovranno utilizzare il servizio/prodotto Verificare il risultato BY DESIGN Legal Design anche come by design: il diritto entra nella struttura, nella progettazione del servizio, nel codice.

Mentre il modello statico ex ante, come quello ideato da Apple con le Privacy Nutrition Labels, resta ancorato a dinamiche tradizionali di somministrazione delle informazioni (sebbene tradotte in forma creativa e innovativa) e rischia di comportare anche effetti collaterali sulla libera iniziativa economica e sulla libertà di espressione degli sviluppatori, l’approccio dinamico ex post che contraddistingue le politiche di altri operatori sembra rappresentare più nitidamente il futuro della privacy.

La nostra proposta è quella di orientare le potenzialità dell’utilizzo di algoritmi, a maggior ragione se sviluppati in forma intelligente, verso scopi diversi rispetto a quelli tipicamente commerciali o statistici, rendendo possibile una profilazione personalizzata degli interessati pro-privacy, una sorta di behavioural targeting inteso a favorire una maggiore omogeneità dell’esperienza di navigazione dei diversi luoghi virtuali frequentati dagli internauti. Così, per esempio, se il sito x riscontra un’opposizione al trattamento, questa viene riproposta anche nel sito y allo scopo di garantire che l’esperienza risulti effettivamente e organicamente aderente alle preferenze privacy espresse dall’interessato. Potremmo definire questo genere di iniziative come Privacy Dynamic Targeting: app e website “seguono” o, meglio, “accompagnano” dinamicamente l’interessato, ne studiano il comportamento e ne registrano le scelte (anche) con lo scopo di assicurare uniformemente, in ciascuno degli scenari digitali frequentati, la sua autodeterminazione informativa. L’effetto che ne risulterebbe in tali casi sarebbe quello di una personalizzazione sistematica e coerente dell’esperienza informativa-privacy a favore degli interessati. Il Privacy Dynamic Targeting, sfruttando gli algoritmi come antidoto agli algoritmi, darebbe luogo a un trattamento di dati personali che ben potrebbe rinvenire il suo fondamento nell’interesse legittimo del titolare e degli stessi terzi interessati ai sensi dell’art. 6, par. 1, lett. f) del GDPR. La prevalenza, nel caso di specie, dell’interesse legittimo rispetto agli altri diritti e alle altre libertà degli interessati risulterebbe molto probabilmente convincente e giustificato, considerando che il trattamento sarebbe direttamente funzionale ad agevolare, in un’ottica di effettività e accountability, l’osservanza dell’art. 12 del GDPR in riferimento all’esercizio dei diritti degli interessati.

Abbandonando l’idea dell’informativa come complesso unitario, statico e sintetizzante delle informazioni relative al trattamento dei dati personali (che possiamo riscontrare nelle Privacy Nutrition Labels, o, per continuare con la metafora, in un menu statico che descriva ingredienti e piatti in astratto), nel modello dinamico ex post le informazioni vengono disaggregate e rilasciate agli interessati in puntuale corrispondenza dei luoghi digitali ove il trattamento effettivamente si verifica (un po’ come accadrebbe, proseguendo nella metafora alimentare, a dei commensali in un ristorante innanzi ad un cameriere che servisse loro il piatto, spiegando le caratteristiche delle pietanze in concreto e dal vivo). Nelle prospettive future, il modello dinamico ex post potrebbe ulteriormente evolversi e svilupparsi almeno in due direzioni: per un verso, impiegando gli algoritmi non già al servizio di finalità tipicamente commerciali o statistiche ma allo scopo di profilare l’interessato sulla base delle preferenze privacy espresse nei diversi luoghi digitali frequentati e garantire così l’uniformità della sua autodeterminazione informativa – è il Privacy Dynamic Targeting cui si faceva cenno prima; per altro verso, realizzando un’ibridazione delle funzioni informative con quelle di riscontro delle richieste di esercizio dei diritti di cui agli artt. 15-22 del GDPR, rendendo così la privacy, finalmente, viva e interattiva.

This essay addresses the possible evolution of the legal thought on the light of the Media Convergence process, and considers the reasons why Legal Design can facilitate this process, and the possible results it can produce over the multi-layered informational, and regulatory dimensions, as consequences of the Fourth Revolution, and Global Governance. Secondly the focus is oriented at perceiving the limits, and the possible contributions within the traditional legal approach through a cross-disciplinary outline

While the static ex-ante model, like the one developed by Apple with the Privacy Nutrition Labels, is still anchored to traditional information administration criteria (even if in innovative and creative ways) and risks collateral effects on the free economic initiative and freedom of expression of developers, the dynamic ex-post model adopted by other operators seems to offer a clearer idea of the future of privacy. The algorithms in this sense could be the antidote to themselves. Our proposal is to direct the potential of the use of algorithms, if developed in an intelligent way, toward different purposes with respect to those typically commercial or statistical, making the personalised profiling of data subjects more pro-privacy through a sort of behavioural targeting intended to favour greater uniformity in the experience of the various virtual spaces visited by browsers. This way, for example, if site x registers an objection to processing, this objection is also proposed in site y so as to ensure that the experience effectively and organically adheres to the privacy preferences expressed by the data subject. We could define this kind of initiative as Privacy Dynamic Targeting: Apps and websites dynamically “follow” or, better, “accompany” data subjects, analysing their behaviour and recording their preferences (also) with the purpose of uniformly ensuring their informational self-determination in each of the digital scenarios they encounter. The effect in these cases would be that of systematically and coherently personalising the privacy-information experience to the advantage of the data subjects. By exploiting algorithms as an antidote to algorithms, Privacy Dynamic Targeting would give rise to a type of personal data processing that could well find its roots in the legitimate interest of the controller and interested third parties as per article 6 (1)(f) of the GDPR. By abandoning the concept of the privacy information notice as a singular, static summary of information on the processing of personal data (as we find in nutrition labels, or, continuing the metaphor, in a static menu abstractly describing ingredients and dishes), the dynamic ex-post model disaggregates the information and releases it precisely in the digital spaces where the processing effectively takes place (as would be the case, continuing the nutritional metaphor, of a waiter describing the qualities and characteristics of the dishes as they’re being served, in real time). In the future, the dynamic ex-post model could evolve further and develop in at least two directions. One could involve the use of algorithms not already serving typically commercial or statistical purposes, for profiling data subjects according to the privacy preferences expressed in the various digital spaces they visit, thereby ensuring uniformity in their digital self-determination. This corresponds to the Privacy Dynamic Targeting. The other could involve combining the information functions with the functions for the exercise of the rights provided for under articles 15-22 of the GDPR, which could finally turn the concept of privacy into something live and interactive.

Il presente contributo analizza il tema della sicurezza dei minori nei veicoli soffermandosi sulle maggiori cause di decesso dei bambini nelle automobili. In particolare, è stata condotta una ricerca, attraverso diverse metodologie, al fine di verificare la sussistenza di limiti comunicativi nell'erogazione delle informazioni legali all'interno del veicolo.
Dallo stu- dio è emerso che, in diversi casi, l’informazione legale non è di immediata comprensione, contrastando con l’esigenza di garantire un alto grado di si- tuation awareness nel quadro operazionale in cui l'utente si muove. In que- sto contesto si inserisce il tema del legal design, una metodologia che nasce dall’idea di riprogettare i documenti giuridici al fine di renderli più con- gruenti con le peculiarità esperienziali e cognitive degli utenti. Tale metodo- logia si ritiene inoltre propedeutica al consolidamento di una tecnica di progettazione di matrice giuridica, cd. law by design, che garantisce una possibilità di conciliazione tra correttezza ed esaustività informativa da una parte, principio di precauzione dall’altra. In conclusione, saranno prospettate alcune ipotesi di soluzione.

The last two decades have seen law emerge online. This development has engaged computer scientists and web designers in communicating law. Recently, serious work has begun on visualizing contract clauses, generating cooperation between designers, computer scientists, business people, lawyers and others. New insights arise from such cross disciplinary collaborations. Each discipline provides theoretical insights as to how legal design and communication might be approached. More profoundly each has the potential to recast relationships – what does it mean for the 'power' of law makers to be exercised in the context of such paradigms? How do such insights enable us to reconsider the role of lawyers: the traditional custodians of legal rules? We examine these questions from a theoretical viewpoint, and reflect on our own cross-disciplinary collaboration in the creation of a proof-of-concept tool for automation of contract visualization.

Click here to indicate that you have read and agree to
the terms presented in the Terms and Privacy policy of this abstract

Abstract

How many times have we checked that box without reading the Terms of the Service (ToS)? According to the Eurobarometer Special 447 on online platforms (2016),we are not an exception since this attitude towards ToSis common among Europeans (56%).

Despite mandated disclosures are the backbone of the EU consumer protection, very few users pay attention to the information that is provided to them in their online experience.

Several cognitive studies explain the reasons of such a behaviour: ToS are often long, badly written, and full of legal jargon; at the same time, individuals often suffer several forms of bias and degrees of illiteracy. Therefore, some users may find quite hard to read and fully comprehend the basic conditions of the agreement and/or its legal consequences(such as the identity of the counterparty, the rights and remedies available, the allocation of responsibilities, the fairness of the clauses). Other users, instead, may decide to “click” without reading because of the impossibility to negotiate those terms.

Therefore, the current state of implementation of the information duties as well as the fact that the real consumers are different from the rational one (envisaged in consumer protection legislation) are the two main reasons why the so-called information paradigm is failing its policy goal.

My research hypothesis is that smart disclosure mechanisms may help to fix this failure. In the poster, I will present the theoretical background and the preliminary results of the “Awareness by design app”, developed within the project “The Internet of Platforms: an empirical study on private ordering and consumer protection in the sharing economy”.

The methodology for this research is based on legal design, an innovative approach that combines behavioural studies, technology and design to solve legal problems. The proposed app will enhance the information users receive from and about the platform, thanks to visualization and the combination of two different behavioural strategies: labels and ratings. On the one hand, the app will inform the user about the key conditions of the platform’s terms through icons and short texts; on the other hand, the app will provide a score system to rate the quality of the conditions. The research is based on the empirical analysis of a representative set of digital platforms operating in three different sectors (transportation, accommodation, food) and the app is being tested in Brussels.

For the first time in the history of European data protection law, the use of visualizations and especially of icons is explicitly suggested as a way to improve the comprehensibility of the information about data handling practices provided to the data subjects, which plays a crucial role to obtain informed consent. Privacy icon sets have already been developed, but they differ in the kinds of information they depict and in the perspectives they embed. Moreover, they have not met widespread adoption, one reasons being that research has shown that possibility of misinterpretation of these symbols exist. Our research relies on legal Semantic Web technologies and on principles drawn from legal design and Human Computer Interaction to propose visualizations of privacy policies and consent forms. The final aim is to enhance the communication of data practices to users and to support their decision about whether to give or withhold consent.

Justice systems around the world are launching online courts and tribunals in order to improve access to justice, especially for self-represented litigants (SRLs). Online courts are designed to handhold SRLs throughout the process and empower them to make procedural and substantive decisions. To that end, they present SRLs with streamlined and simplified procedures and employ a host of user interface design and user experience strategies (UI/UX). Focusing on these features, the article analyzes online courts as digital choice environments that shape SRLs’ decisions, inputs and actions, and considers their implications on access to justice, due process and the impartiality of courts. Accordingly, the article begins to close the knowledge gap regarding choice architecture in online legal proceedings.

Using examples from current online courts, the article considers how mechanisms such as choice overload, display, colorfulness, visual complexity, and personalization influence SRLs’ choices and actions. The analysis builds on research in cognitive psychology and behavioral economics that shows that subtle changes in the context in which decisions are made steer (nudge) people to choose a particular option or course of action. It is also informed by recent studies that capture the effect of digital choice architecture on users’ choices and behaviors in online settings. The discussion clarifies that seemingly naïve UI/UX features can strongly influence users of online courts, in a manner that may be at odds with their institutional commitment to impartiality and due process. Moreover, the article challenges the view that online court interfaces (and those of other online legal services, for that matter) should be designed to maximize navigability, intuitiveness and user-friendliness. It argues that these design attributes involve the risk of nudging SRLs to make uninformed, non-deliberate, and biased decisions, possibly infringing their autonomy and self-determination. Accordingly, the article suggests that choice architecture in online courts should aim to encourage reflective participation and informed decision-making. Specifically, its goal should be to improve SRLs’ ability to identify and consider options, and advance their own — inherently diverse — interests. In order to mitigate the abovementioned risks, the article proposes an initial evaluation framework, measures, and methodologies to support evidence-based and ethical choice architecture in online courts.

Organizzazione scientifica e partecipazione come moderatrice dell’area tematica giuridica “Code is Law”, all’interno di Internet Festival 2020, dal titolo “Reset”, insieme alla Prof.ssa Dianora Poletti (Università di Pisa); l’area tematica “Code is Law” si è svolta in presenza presso il Centro Congressi Le Benedettine a Pisa il 9 ottobre 2020 e online il 30 ottobre 2020 e il 20 novembre 2020, con la collaborazione del Centro Interdipartimentale “Diritto e Tecnologie di Frontiera” (DETECT) dell’Università di Pisa con le seguenti 4 sessioni giuridiche, formate da keynote speech e tavole rotonde: “Il diritto tra libertà e sorveglianza”; “L’uomo e la macchina tra data protection e contact tracing”; “Copyright e regole: il difficile equilibrio tra diritti degli autori e libertà degli utenti”; “Tecnologie emergenti e nuove sfide giuridiche”; “Legal design: la digitalizzazione del mondo pubblico e privato”. Internet Festival è promosso da: Università di Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) con Registro.it, Regione Toscana, Comune di Pisa, Area metropolitana di Pisa, Camera di Commercio di Pisa e Associazione “Festival della Scienza”; sito web: https://www.internetfestival.it. Su invito del Direttore dell’Internet Festival, Claudio Giua.

In this short article, I aim to make an introduction to legal design as an emerging field which combines law and design to transform the legal system. After the description of design and legal design in a nutshell, I explore the impacts and role of legal design related to the socio-ecological change that we need for a more democratic, fair and decarbonised future.

(a cura di Fernanda Faini e Dianora Poletti )
Nell'ultimo webinar della sessione giuridica "Code is Law" di Internet Festival 2020 i riflettori si accendono sul legal design, frontiera del rapporto tra diritto e tecnologia, da esplorare al fine di rendere la legge più accessibile e il codice più comprensibile. Molteplici gli ambiti di applicazione, dagli smart contracts alle informative e policy legali. Introduzione e moderazione: Dianora Poletti e Fernanda Faini Tavola rotonda con: Webinar in diretta sul sito web di Internet Festival https://www.internetfestival.it/programma/legal-design-la-digitalizzazione-del-mondo-pubblico-e-privato sul canale YouTube (https://youtu.be/3MZAF09Xidw) sulla pagina Facebook di Internet Festival (https://www.facebook.com/internetfestival)

Authors: Sergio Guida, M.Sc. LL.M., Sr Gestão. Líder de Relatório Integrado, Governança de Dados e Privacidade. / Rosário Modugno, Funcionário Tributário e Formado em Economia.

Diante de um texto repleto de palavras técnicas, conceitos complexos e sintaxe articulada, a consequência para quem não tem formação jurídica é não apenas frustração, mas também a sensação de não ter controle total de sua própria situação.
Em resposta a esse fenômeno generalizado, há varios anos, alguns pesquisadores têm comecado a discutir como o sistema jurídico poderia ser repensado em termos de linguagem e instrumentos por meio da abordagem de design.
A disciplina que procura responder a essa pergunta foi denominada Legal Design e tem o propósito de melhorar a ligacão entre o mundo jurídico e as  pessoas que não possuem formação ou experiência em direito. Em termos gerais, o Legal Design é inspirado nos conceitos de Design Thinking e do User Experience (UX): tratam-se de metodologias já consolidadas e utilizadas para solucionar problemas, com empatia e colaboração.
Uma forma gráfica e visual tornada mais eficaz em termos de “Visual Law” não só ajuda a entender o conteúdo de um texto jurídico, mas também pode ajudar a entender um processo legal. Em essência, o objetivo é conscientizar os cidadãos sobre regras e procedimentos bem projetados em termos de "Proactive Law", isto é, o treinamento de pessoas e a produção de documentos simples, claros, mas acima de tudo atraentes para os destinatários.
Na sequência das notícias do GDPR, já estamos experimentando, através de várias iniciativas, como as vantagens de saber se comunicar e efetivamente envolver o cidadão podem ser a chave certa para oferecer a ele serviços jurídicos que transmitem uma transparência muito mais substancial, mas também claramente perceptível, e um senso de controle da situação.

How many times have you clicked on the “Next” button of a webgallery and then discovered that you have activated a subscription for some silly ringtones? If this is your case (or the case of “that” friend of yours who told you about it), you have probably experienced the frustration of being screwed by a dark pattern.
Dark patterns are choice architectures used by many websites and apps that exploit individuals’ biases and heuristics to maliciously push users into doing something that otherwise they would not have done, if properly informed. Such practices are becoming particularly controversial in the data protection domain, where users are de facto forced to give consent and accept a specific privacy setting, decided by the operator of the website or the app. After falling in one of these behavioural design traps, the users’ trust into technology will be affected and requires therefore to be protected in order to sustain the digital revolution.
On the basis of an empirical analysis of a set of social media, e-commerce websites, sharing economy platforms and IoT devices, this contribution undertakes to outline a taxonomy of dark patterns for consent. We argue how some of such strategies for obtaining the consent do not meet the requirements established under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, we will highlight how the architecture design may conflict with the principle of “freely given” consent (Article 4.11 GDPR).
However, design, as technology, is neither bad nor good nor neutral. Hence, if it could show the path pattern to the dark side, we address how to reverse engineer such processes in order to support webusers’ trust. Therefore, in the wake of the principles of data protection by design and data protection by default, this contribution proposes some good practices and examples of design and choice architecture for “bright(er) patterns”.

Take a look at your bundle of tags on Delicious. Would you ever believe you’re going to change the law with a handful of them?

You’re going to change the way you research the law. The way you apply it. The way you teach it and, in doing so, shape the minds of future lawyers.

The GDPR suggests icons to convey data practices in a more straightforward way. Although visualizations to represent legal terms have many benefits, there is fear that they could be misrepresented by designers and misinterpreted by individuals, thus hindering instead of facilitating the comprehension. In order to solve these issues, we present a methodology to generate legal visual representations that is based on an analysis of legal requirements, on an ontological representation of the legal knowledge, and on an iterative, multi-stakeholder design approach, followed by empirical evaluation.

O presente artigo visa, obedecendo as etapas de análise do Design Thinking, abordar o tema de legalização das drogas de uma forma mais intuitiva e acessível para o público em geral. Com foco principal na (in)constitucionalidade do artigo 28 da Lei de Drogas. Tratar-se-á, etapa por etapa, principalmente do problema que toca diretamente o usuário de entorpecentes na sociedade e seus desencontros com alguns preceitos constitucionais que regem a vida em sociedade. Ao longo da leitura percebe-se um crescimento do entendimento que o referido artigo - e a lei num modo mais amplo - não obtiveram a eficácia que pretendiam na comunidade, observando o fator relevante no que tange os efeitos nocivos de tal criminalização para com a mesma. O tema aqui abordado teve, em sua grande maioria, comparações com exemplos oriundos de outros países do mundo que já discutiram em outras épocas a proibição de entorpecentes e sua (in)eficácia.

Today’s contracts are complex and their meaning is not always clear to those who are impacted. What can we do to provide transparency and understandability and to prevent inadvertent non-compliance and negative surprises? In our previous work, we have brought information design, user experience, readability, visualization and natural language processing to bear on exploring the use of non-textual devices in contracts and other legal documents. This paper seeks to make contract/legal rule visualization accessible to a wider audience. As the production of contract/legal visualizations can be a challenge, we propose and demonstrate prototypes of automated tools for such visualizations. In this paper, we experiment with computer-generated visualizations of selected contract clauses. Our early prototypes include common types of term and termination, payment and liquidated damages clauses. These examples provide proof-of-concept demonstration tools that help contract writers present conte...

Psicanalista, Mentor e Consultor de Estratégia Corporativa, graduado em Direito, cursos de extensão em Psicanálise, Ética, gestão e liderança, entre outros, mestrado em Direito/Dignidade Humana, vasta experiência em liderança e treinamento de pessoas, e criador da metodologia Esquética. // Psychoanalyst, Mentor and Consultant Corporate Strategy, graduated in Law, extension courses in Psychoanalysis, Ethics, management and leadership, among others, master's degree in Law/Dignity Human, extensive experience in leadership and training of people, and creator of the Esquética methodology (Skepthics).

This position paper focuses on responsibility and responsiveness as two core attributes of trustworthy and desirable technology-based dispute resolution systems. It discusses some measurability dimensions that could operationalize their application in the design of processes within those systems that are consistent with the current regulatory and institutional ADR frameworks, and discusses the risks of a hurried increase in computational power, in the absence of procedural fairness and built-in proactive conflict management features.

The report is co-produced by ALITA and SMU School of Law. It is the second report in as many years. A foreword is written by Justice Lee Seiu Kin, a Judge of the Singapore Supreme Court. It runs up to 212 pages, covering 12 jurisdictions (including Brazil, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, and the United States) and 4 law firms (including Clifford Chance, Linklaters, Rajah and Tann, and White and Case). We cover legal innovation from 5 main angles, being technology, regulation, dispute resolution, business processes, and education.

In recent years, legal departments and law firms around the world have been busy developing legal guidance for business people to follow. Legal compliance handbooks and policy manuals vary in coverage and title, but many have one thing in common: the guidance remains unread. People prefer to ask the lawyers instead, or ignore the legal aspects of their doings. Legal Design promises to change things for the better. This paper presents the playbook genre as a possible solution to help convey complex messages, clarify tasks, share tools, drive compliance, and prevent unnecessary legal problems.