Jagannath University

The concept of sovereignty is one of the most complex in political science, with many definitions, some totally contradictory. Usually, sovereignty is defined in one of two ways. The first definition applies to Supreme public power; the second definition refers to the holder of legitimate power. When national sovereignty is discussed, the first definition applies, and it refers in particular to independence, understood as the freedom of a collective entity to act. When popular sovereignty is discussed, the second definition applies, and sovereignty is associated with power and legitimacy. The word sovereignty is derived from the Latin word 'Superanus' which means the supremacy of one over the other. According to Islam, sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah and Allah alone. The Quran explicitly describes God as Al-Malik meaning sovereign and Al-Malik-ul-Mulk the eternal possessor of sovereignty.

The report is based on strategic Management Practice At Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd titled in: “An analysis of strategic management process of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Limited “. The purpose of this report is to understand how Beximco pharma formulate their overall business strategy and task they have done in order to implement their selected strategy.

Square is not just a brand name in Bangladesh. It is an icon in business. But could anyone imagine it would be a leading business conglomerate when four like-minded people in Pabna with Tk 80,000 capital each started a pharmaceutical company 54 years ago, in 1958? And we might have not seen Square Group in today's position unless the idea of manufacturing life-saving drugs had come out from Samson H Chowdhury, the founder chairman who had conceived the idea from a tiny dispensary at Ataikula in Pabna.

In the present scenario, the firm‘s management is facing multiple challenges in order sustain in the market and to cope with the global transformation each and every organization must implement the Supply Chain Management (SCM) in their management strategy. During the implementation, these firms undergo complex threats related to the supply chain. Thus, to address these critical supply chain threats, the firm must identify the factors causing these threats and components to cause the uncertainty and the key risk factors are communicating technology, information sharing, environmental factors, financial and strategic attributes.  In the unstable and unsecure terms of competitive environment identifying these risks cause the act of adaptation in strategic lever of the firm during the competitive process. The tools and technique are developed, to improvise the significant supply chain risks in context to firm’s priorities.  These supply chain risk appraisal processes provides support to make operational decisions and strategic plans to minimize the defect in supply chain quantity.
Key words: Risk factors of Supply Chain Management, Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM), Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM).

Nobody has seen the Brahmas treated as Atmans of the deities to be transferred on Monday from the old deities to the new deities. But history claims it as the lively Shalgrams collected from the banks of Gonduki river in Nepal nearly 1215 years back. Achrya Bharti has selected this Shalgrams under the guidance of Adiguru Shankaracharya.

The assignment for Service marketing, the first of its nature in Bangladesh, has been carried out by desk study, documents review and searching Internet. Findings reveal that our community is very much related with service marketing. Most of the part of this assignment is covered with so many necessary information regarding service marketing and its different procedures and actions. Our society will be benefitted if the service marketing is applied in Bangladesh properly.

Colonialism had drastically changed the nature of society and the polity of India. Orissa one of the eastern states comes under colonial supervision in 1803. Due to British intervention power dynamics was gradually changed over a period of time. With the changing nature of power dynamics, different groups have responded differently to this change. There were signs of revolt against the colonial dominance as well as the dominance of local elites in colonial Orissa. In this context, Bhima Bhoi (1850-1895) a leader of the ‘depressed classes’ in late nineteenth Century Orissa, started his campaign against the domination of such local elites and dominant culture. His teaching was widespread and accepted by all the communities. Today in contemporary Orissa his followers mostly from the Dalits and Adivasi background in the western part of Odisha. Before Bhima Bhoi in the middle of the 19th century, there was a protestant, religion called Mahima Dharma. It was started in the eastern part of Orissa. The founder of the religion was Mahima Goswami who was born as an untouchable community in the eastern part of Orissa. This religion basically preached humanity, believe in one god, anti-caste, and anti idol worship in nature. Followers of this religion were from all castes except Brahmins. Coming of the Bhima Bhoi after Mahima Goswami radicalized this movement since the leaders from an Adivasi background. Bhima Bhoi ruthlessly attacked the caste system, Vedas, Idol worship, superstition, and so on. He and including his followers attacked Jagannath Temple thrice. After the demise of Bhima Bhoi, this movement gradually loses its authenticity and the process of appropriation took place. This paper will deal with four different important aspects. The first part tries to deal with the politics of anthropology and colonial power with the connection of the ruling elites of Orissa. The second part tries to engage with the questions of change with the connection of the British and the upper caste and the other ruling elite of the Odisha. Thirdly how Adivasis and lower castes responded to the changing nature of the dynamics of power and growing dominance of local elites, caste system, and inequality in Orissa. Here I have tried to show Bhima Bhoi as the historical agent who not only saw the growing emergence of the dominance of upper caste, changing nature of power relations in colonial Orissa but also challenged the different processes which were taking place. And lastly paper will deal with how the radical movement led by Bhima Bhoi over a period of time appropriated by Brahmanism through different processes. In the question of appropriation, I have taken Biswanath Baba one of the most important leaders of the Mahima Dharma after Bhima Bhoi as an example, as a historical agent who not only misrepresent the teaching of Bhima Bhoi but also linked it with Hinduism, Veda, Upanashida, Geeta and all of others things which were opposed by Bhima Bhoi.

The last two decades of armed conflicts, lack of functioning government, economic collapse, and disintegration of the health system and other public services-together with recurrent droughts and famines, have turned Somalia into one of the world's most difficult environments for survival. The under-five mortality in Somalia is estimated at 200 deaths per 1,000 live births, which is one of the highest in the world. Diarrhea is the main killer; contributing to 20-25 per cent of all under-five mortality. The main objective of this study was to assess the morbidity of diarrhea among under-five children living in Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) of Galkaio district which has the highest IDP settlement in Galkaio with conditions that are conducive to occurrence of diarrheal disease in the district. The study used descriptive cross-sectional survey design and multistage sampling technique to select 236 children. Researcher administered structured questionnaires were used to collect data using face-to-face interviews with mothers/care givers of the children during a one-time visit to the households. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 software. Descriptive and inferential statistical findings were presented in form of text, tables, graphs and charts. Chi-square was used to show the relationship between variables. Fourth eight percent of households reported having children who suffered from diarrhea in the past 2 weeks preceding the study. Diarrhea was also the most common disease reported by mothers/care givers among under-five children in the camps, affecting 107(45.3%) of the children. Diarrheal disease occurrence was highest (74.3%) among children of mothers who did not attend school (p=0.001), children living in households provided water by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) (p=0.025) and among children whose main source of water was public tap diarrhea (71.3%; p =0.001). Most parents in the camp delayed taking their ill children to hospital opting to first use traditional medicines resulting in many cases of admissions at the health facilities. From the study findings it can be concluded that diarrhea was the most prevalent disease among under-fives and is more likely to occur among children whose mothers had no education, and who lived in household whose main source of drinking water was public tap, supplied by NGOs. In addition, the study concluded that other environmental factors had no association with diarrhea occurrence. The study recommends educating mothers to reduce overall illiteracy rate of Somali women, and regular treatment of drinking water and evaluation of water quality by the Ministry of Health and Human Services. Given the high diarrhea prevalence and the fact that camp environmental conditions are conducive to its occurrence, the study also recommends promotion of improved hygiene and sanitation practices, even though these were not found to be associated with diarrhea in this particular study.

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