IT in healthcare

El objetivo principal de este estudio de caso es proponer y analizar una serie de aspectos descriptivos respecto a la situación actual de las comunicaciones de mercadeo del sector Healthcare de la compañía multinacional Philips. Mediante el diseño y aplicación de un número reducido, pero clave de entrevistas personales, efectuadas a personas cuya posición genera un contacto constante con los clientes de la organización y a una investigación personal basada en la indagación, observación y búsqueda en la web, se logró recabar información valiosa que refleja tanto el panorama actual como las fortalezas y desafíos que exhibe la empresa a futuro en torno a este campo. Con base en ello se determinó que la compañía posee medios y activos con los cuales podría potenciar sus comunicaciones, pero así mismo, que sin desarrollar ninguna clase de acciones de este tipo, debido a la ausencia de personal y en sí mismo a un departamento de marketing, ha obtenido resultados sobresalientes y sostenidos durante los últimos años.

Ontology-based approaches may be tried in e-health scenario to solve some of the interoperability problems that are non-trivial, for e.g. 'Anemometer' and 'Sphygmomanometer' are two different terms but represent the blood pressure monitor in Europe and India, respectively. The semantic interoperability issue arises when similar things are meant differently to the remotely sitting agents. Given such scenario, this paper aims to describe a framework that combines A) dialogue game with B) a decision support system (DSS) leading to resolution of such types of ontological mismatches. Under 'Dialogue game' argumentation mechanisms are used for resolving certain types of ontological mismatches. While, the DSS decides on the initiation, termination, structuring and sequencing the dialogues, as these may not be properly adjudged by the 'Dialogue game'. The framework is therefore context driven in nature, where concepts can be substituted with the similar kind of concepts (may not be accurate by searching and choosing equivalent concepts. Such framework therefore offers potential for dynamic modification of participating Ontologies and provides explanation in context of diet management in diabetes with time in a more matured way.

Technological innovation or AI is enabled to determine the human's cognitive activities. ML, AI and automation processes made rapid changes in the pharma industry. The use of different analytic techniques helped to decrease the mortality rate worldwide. Uses of the AI tools help to determine the critical disease. Identification of genetic disputes is important for diagnosis and treatment. The growing technology helps to identify the dose errors in pharma companies. Currency analysis, frequent spectral analysis and the feature attraction process are necessary for Machine Learning (ML). Industry 4.0, ML considers the effectiveness of ML. Development of the intelligence computer programme is important for machine simulation. Moreover, it increases problem-solving skills in the pharma industry. The introduction sheds light on the entire project. The literature review has discussed the role of technological advantages in the medical industry. The impact of AI, ML and automation processes enhance profitability. The advantages and disadvantages of AI, ML and automation processes have been discussed in the literature review. In the methodology section, the secondary methodology has been chosen. Some inclusion and exclusion criteria have been concerned for the collection of effective information on the research topic. Cloud computing, cognitive systems and big data analysis, R&D process make huge changes in the pharma company. Increasing the use of the automation process provides safety and consistency to develop interconnectivity between the market demands, production rate of medicines. Recommendation and conclusion will be provided to maintain accuracy throughout the research paper.

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Mobile computing has the capability of device control to form a trained model of machine learning. The devices use the network and relate to the wireless or wired networks which may be satellite, global, and cellular digital packet data (CDPA). The device's hardware included battery life, screen size, carriables, and inputs and outputs of the devices. The design mainly depends on the requirement of the organization's needs and its budget. The common software used in Mobile Computing MSDOS, Windows, PenDOS, Palm OS, and many others. The paper consists of a review of the current and previous research papers from various journals and the internet on Mobile Computing. The paper focused on the studies conducted on the Impact of Mobile computing in businesses and its implications. The review of various studies found that Mobile Computing provides access to technology in the hands and accessibility to the information in various areas of utilization such as education, technologies, healthcare, and disaster management.

—The hospital and the health-care center of a community, as a place for people's life-care and health-care settings, must provide more and better services for patients or residents. After Establishing Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system-which is a necessity-in the hospital, providing pervasive services is a further step. Our objective in this paper is to use pervasive computing in a case study of healthcare, based on EMR database that coordinates application services over network to form a service environment for medical and health-care. Our method also categorizes the hospital spaces into 3 spaces: Public spaces, Private spaces and Isolated spaces. Although, there are many projects about using pervasive computing in healthcare, but all of them concentrate on the disease recognition, designing smart cloths, or provide services only for patient. The proposed method is implemented in a hospital. The obtained results show that it is suitable for our purpose.

Abstract: Hospital web sites need to operate as effective web resources of information and interactive communication mediums to address the multifaceted requirements of their main stakeholders, (i.e. patients, healthy citizens, healthcare professionals and local communities). In case of public hospitals, web sites should also be considered as a mean to provide governmental electronic services. The main objective of this study is to provide an evaluation framework for hospital web sites. The proposed framework focuses on three main criteria: information, communication and electronic services. A total of 53 Greek hospital web sites within the Public Sector were evaluated based on a 67-item scale. The main findings of the study were the following: (a) the majority of the web sites in the analysis failed to support necessary web-based transactions between the institutions and their stakeholders (b) web sites are lacking important features regarding provision of information and communica...

Medical errors, such as patient misidentification, are the cause for around 2.6 million deaths per annum and $42 billion in cost to health organizations in low to middle-income countries. While wristbands are the most common method for identifying patients, they can be easily misplaced and may contain missing or inaccurate information as this study shows. This may result in wrong medications and surgeries and in some instances, even preventable deaths together with liabilities for health organizations. In this study, the current methods and process for identifying patients are investigated, accompanied by a comparison of existing patient identification solutions, as well as issues and concerns about health data protection and privacy. Following this, the effectiveness of biometric technology for patient identification is examined. The paper finally proposes and evaluates a proof of concept with promising results for minimizing patient identification errors.

Healthcare information technology (HIT) applications are being ubiquitously adopted globally and have been indicated to have effects on certain dimensions of recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals. Retention of healthcare professionals is affected by their job satisfaction (JS), commitment to the organization and intention to stay (ITS) that are interlinked with each other and influenced by many factors related to job, personal, organization, etc. The objectives of the current study were to determine if HIT was one among the factors and, if so, propose a probable retention model that incorporates implementation and use of HIT as a strategy. This was a cross-sectional survey study covering 20 hospitals from urban areas of India. The sample (n = 586) consisted of doctors, nurses, paramedics and hospital administrators. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Factors affecting job satisfaction were determined. Technology acceptance by the healthcare profes...

This article is dealing mainly with cybersecurity of healthcare with a special emphasis on the Benešov hospital (Czech Republic), which was hit by the Ryuk ransomware virus. The case shows that even a well-managed middle-size hospital with a relatively good level of cybersecurity might be significantly hit by the attack. The article first explores the general context of cybersecurity of healthcare with reference to the forms of cyber-attacks involving ransomware and then explores the case of the Benešov hospital (Hospital of Rudolf and Stefanie). The main aim of this article is to derive lessons learned from the case, which might be well used for the management of further incidents of similar nature, which is increasingly important at the times of fight with COVID-19 infection creating new pressure on the system.

In the healthcare domain, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems are being increasingly adopted with applications ranging from surgical robots to automated medical diagnostics. While a Machine Learning (ML) engineer might be interested in the parameters related to the performance and accuracy of these AI-based systems, it is postulated that a medical practitioner would be more concerned with the applicability , and utility of these systems in the medical setting. However, medical practitioners are unlikely to have the prerequisite skills to enable reasonable interpretation of an AI-based system. This is a concern for two reasons. Firstly, it inhibits the adoption of systems capable of automating routine analysis work and prevents the associated productivity gains. Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, it reduces the scope of expertise available to assist in the validation, iteration, and improvement of AI-based systems in providing healthcare solutions. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a domain focused on techniques and approaches that facilitate the understanding and interpretation of the operation of ML models. Research interest in the domain of XAI is becoming more widespread due to the increasing adoption of AI-based solutions and the associated regulatory requirements [1]. Providing an understanding of ML models is typically approached from a Computer Science (CS) perspective [2] with a limited research emphasis being placed on supporting alternate domains [3]. In this paper, a simple, yet powerful solution for increasing the explain-ability of AI-based solutions to individuals from non-CS domains (such as medical practitioners), is presented. The proposed solution enables the explainability of ML models and the underlying workflows to be readily integrated into a standard ML workflow. Central to this solution are feature importance techniques that measure the impact of individual features on the outcomes of AI-based systems. It is envisaged that feature importance can enable a high-level understanding of a ML model and the workflow used to train the model. This could aid medical practitioners in comprehending AI-based systems and enhance their understanding of ML models' applicability and utility.

Blockchain technology is new technology for digital asset tracking and management. Initially Blockchain was implemented as a financial solution, through the Bitcoin and its digital cryptocurrency. This was changed with the development of Ethereum new approach for management of digital assets. The existence of Smart contracts in the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EMV), introduced new ways for dealing the problems with third-parties. This opens opportunities for plethora of new Blockchain implementations for smart homes, smart objects, healthcare, finance management, insurance, supply chain management and many others. This survey paper addresses the state-of-the-art and highlights the possibilities for integration of Blockchain technology and IoT, with main focus to healthcare systems. Due to the Blockchain specifics, there are many unsolved issues and open challenges for the researchers in this area.

This paper uses the approach known as Service Dominant Logic (SDL) and Co-creation of value to introduce the basic concepts of Service Science and SDL in the health information system area. Then the article shows that interaction through asynchronous communication may produce value. In this approach, one should not separate product attributes from service attributes, since they are complementary. Some Marketing concepts are present in our daily routine and can be applied to several service domains such as Education, Transport, Public Services, Health and Information and Communication Technology. Users of Health Systems have already been ranked in the context of Service Science. As part of an ongoing research that explores the use of virtual forums, the article presents an example - using the Forum DATASUS - to show the importance of interaction via asynchronous communication tool between users and service providers, in the development and implementation of Health Information Systems.

An inclusive school requires attention to diversity. According to this, the teaching hospital should try to improve the quality of life of hospitalized children through the normalization of their life. In this sense, ensuring the collaboration and coordination among hospital, schools, families and implied professionals around the hospitalized minor is extremely important. This chapter presents a diagnostic study on the situation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a coordination tool among different participants' agents of hospital and home care education and their main needs. This work has been developed under the SAVEH European project. For the pilot experiment we selected a sample of 10 children ranging in age from 7 to 16 years, so the project covered different educational levels. Moreover, we designed and developed a package of technological solutions to provide an inclusive education for children in hospitalized and homecare situation.

Background & Purpose: The healthcare (HC) sector, globally, invests huge amounts of funds in an attempt to attain international quality standards but the structure and content barriers make the electronic patient records (EPRs) and electronic health record (EHRs) fall short. This study seeks to illuminate theories and practices of HC knowledge management (KM) so this process can facilitate the narrowing of EPR and EHR gap, that ultimately will cascade to improving the HC quality which is therefore assessable by the quality management system (QMS) model. Design/methodology/approach: This research is theoretical in nature. It examines relevant theories and reviews literature on (1) HC quality assessment and tools, (2) HC KM, (3) EPRs and EHRs, (4) knowledge representation and (5) the Symantec web. This study passed through phases of research. In the first phase, EPR and EHR were researched to analyze why they fall short in facilitating the HC’s initiative to improve quality. Next, HC KM was studied to analyze and establish a viable link between (1) EPR and EHR and (2) KM. Technologies and techniques like the Symantec web and Knowledge Representation were also analyzed to make the facilitation of HC KM possible.
Findings: The findings indicate that, by this paper contributing a conceptual, integrative, and strategically viable HC KM facilitator model for EPRs and EHRs, this paper answers its research question that HC KM can facilitate EPR and EHR to improve HC quality.
Research limitations/implications, Originality & Value: This research provides an integrated and a conceptual model grounded in theory. This model needs to be tested in a real or simulated HC environments. This paper is one of the first studies to solve the barriers of EPR and EHR using KM.
Keywords: Electronic Patient Record, Electronic Health Record, Electronic Medical Record, Healthcare Knowledge Management, Knowledge Representation, Symantec Web, Quality Management System, Knowledge Management facilitator model.

Healthcare organisations must improve their business practices and internal procedures in order to answer the increasing demand of health professionals and the general public for more and better information. Hospitals invest massively in information systems and technology (IS/IT) in the hope that these investments will improve healthcare and meet patients' demands. The main objective of our research is to study how organisational maturity, enhanced by investments in IS/IT, project management and best practices, leads to successful projects in public healthcare organisations. The rational of our model is that organisational maturity has a positive effect on IS/IT project success, and that this success is also positively enhanced by the use of project management practices. We emphasise that this combination of approaches can increase the effectiveness of projects. Furthermore, it can also improve the confidence that the results of investments will meet stakeholders' expectations.

The system provides a background on depression, use of social media platforms for prediction and analysis using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The system monitors the social media activities of each person and predicts their mental health factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, etc. This system also uses real time online social media data by exploring the parallelism between the users' mental health and the content they post on their social media handle. This system could be used by mentors such as teachers, doctors, etc to acquire a weekly analysis of the person’s stress levels, thereby helping in providing consultation accordingly.
Keywords: Social computing, healthcare, artificial intelligence, deep learning, data analysis, natural language processing, convolutional neural network

BACKGROUND: Healthcare is a knowledge driven process and thus knowledge management and the tools to manage knowledge in healthcare sector are gaining attention. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate knowledge management implementation and knowledge management tools used in healthcare for informed decision making. METHODS: Three databases, two journals websites and Google Scholar were used as sources for the review. The key terms used to search relevant articles include: " Healthcare and Knowledge Management " ; " Knowledge Management Tools in Healthcare " and " Community of Practices in healthcare ". RESULTS: It was found that utilization of knowledge management in healthcare is encouraging. There exist numbers of opportunities for knowledge management implementation, though there are some barriers as well. Some of the opportunities that can transform healthcare are advances in health information and communication technology, clinical decision support systems, electronic health record systems, communities of practice and advanced care planning. CONCLUSION: Providing the right knowledge at the right time, i.e., at the point of decision making by implementing knowledge management in healthcare is paramount. To do so, it is very important to use appropriate tools for knowledge management and user-friendly system because it can significantly improve the quality and safety of care provided for patients both at hospital and home settings.

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is a framework and an integrated set of process orientated best practices for providing IT infrastructure support, managing and delivering IT services. As organizations in the digital age rely on Information Technology for their every day operations for future growth and success, the ITIL framework is widely adopted for this.
Current society has stepped into the era of information. With the bottomless information applying in society and enterprise, the relationship between enterprise information system and enterprise business became closer and closer. But many companies didn’t get expected outcome when putting lots of capital in IT structure. After researching, it was found executing effective management on IT system was the key to enhance enterprise information system. And then IT management was recognized and paid attention by managers. The good practices of ITIL provides guideline for the management of IT infrastructure. This has been proved through the ITIL components and processes which elevates customer satisfaction. As IT continues to improve; IT service management level can assist to decrease IT service cost and increase enterprise profit. ITIL has become the international standard of IT service management. Then more and more companies focus IT structure on how to apply ITIL into IT service management effectively. Based on the practice of hospitals providing IT service, this paper explains the application of ITIL in IT operation and maintenance service management.

The healthcare industry has become a big adopter of Virtual Reality (VR) technology. This paper demonstrates how healthcare and medical professionals can use VR technology for surgery and personal development, and also how physically and mentally disabled people can benefit from the innovative VR techniques. The purpose of this research is to examine the innovative healthcare applications that can be provided with VR technology in the health sector and to provide conceptual information about whether these applications are good alternatives. For this purpose, the relationship of VR technology with the health sector has been examined through a literature review, and the results have been revealed in a comparative manner. The projects of VR healthcare companies around the world and the experiences of hospitals implementing VR Health projects were scanned and the reasons for choosing the technology in question were examined. When using VR technology, the concept of telepresence makes the user feel "inside" and this technology has turned out to be an experience tool. The research findings indicate that the results of health applications made with VR technology are successful in making people feel that experience. In particular, VR health applications enable disabled individuals to reach everywhere without any restrictions or difficulties. The findings reveal that VR health applications can be a strong alternative to classical therapy activities in the field of the healthcare sector during PTSD processes. This descriptive study has been comprised of visualization of complex forms of surgery or treatment and their implementations of virtual environments to the different types of VR usage of treatments. Finally, the use of VR in healthcare has shown that VR is a useful tool for diagnosis, treatment, therapy, education, and training.

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Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology whereby transactions are bundled into blocks that are chained together cryptographically by hash pointers. Blockchain solutions add trust and privacy to the existing internet due to its tampering resistance and advanced cryptography characteristics. In healthcare systems, the technology has been implemented to ensure transparency, auditability, interoperability, and proper governance and management of patient information. This study evaluates blockchain based healthcare systems. Three most common systems were chosen from public, private/consortium blockchains. The evaluation was done using framework for performance monitoring for blockchain systems. To describe resource usage, we used five performance evaluation metrics i.e. memory consumption, disk write and read performance, network data utilization, transaction execution per unit time, and central processing unit (CPU) usage. The study revealed that the system developed using consortium-based platform outperformed private and public blockchain for more transactions per unit time, and proper utilization of resources of connected nodes such as CPU, Memory, and Disk storage.

Healthcare system is rapidly transitioning from a traditional health-center and specialist-focused model to a more scattered, patient-centric model. Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) provides machine-to-machine contact and real-time intervention solutions, which in the near future will drastically revolutionize healthcare delivery, affordability, and reliability. The Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) is a new technology that aims to improve patient quality of life by allowing individualized e-health services irrespective of time or place. The Medical Internet of Things (MIoT), often known as healthcare IoT, is a network of medical devices and applications. MIoT applications are intimately linked to sensitive healthcare services, particularly because they manage sensitive patient information such as names, health records, addresses, and health problems. The key problem in the MIoT area is to protect the confidentiality and privacy of patients without compromising security. The security and privacy of data acquired from MIoT devices, either while transmission to the cloud or while kept in the cloud, are key unsolved challenges, as this data is heavy, sensitive, and require a high level of security. We examine present security and privacy challenges, as well as security and privacy needs connected to data flow in the MIoT, as well as technical shortcomings and research issues for future work, in this paper. Finally, we can state that the growing adoption of the MIoT in recent years has brought enormous benefits to both medical organizations and their patients.

Healthcare's evolution and transition to embracing new Internet of Things (IoT) technologies faces unique challenges. That is one of the reasons why healthcare institutions adopt new technologies slowly. One of the biggest problems in the development of healthcare IoT is the lack of standards and communication protocols around IoT. This paper is an overview of problems that need to be solved by standardization of their solutions; existing standards that are relevant to mentioned problems; and new initiatives that offer solutions to specific issues of healthcare IoT, featuring personal remarks of the author.

The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 that was signed into law as part of the "stimulus package" represents the largest US initiative to date that is designed to encourage widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs). In light of the changes anticipated from this policy initiative, the purpose of this paper is to review and summarize the literature on the benefits and drawbacks of EHR systems. Much of the literature has focused on key EHR functionalities, including clinical decision support systems, computerized order entry systems, and health information exchange. Our paper describes the potential benefits of EHRs that include clinical outcomes (eg, improved quality, reduced medical errors), organizational outcomes (eg, financial and operational benefits), and societal outcomes (eg, improved ability to conduct research, improved population health, reduced costs). Despite these benefits, studies in the literature highlight drawbacks associated with EHRs, which include the high upfront acquisition costs, ongoing maintenance costs, and disruptions to workflows that contribute to temporary losses in productivity that are the result of learning a new system. Moreover, EHRs are associated with potential perceived privacy concerns among patients, which are further addressed legislatively in the HITECH Act. Overall, experts and policymakers believe that significant benefits to patients and society can be realized when EHRs are widely adopted and used in a "meaningful" way.

Health sector has evolved significantly in the previous years in accordance to electronic health (eHealth) deployments which utilizes health resources (e.g. information, medicine, and so on) and health care by electronic means. Provision of effective and efficient healthcare services have always been a challenge in developing countries, many factors have been identified by different researchers and other stakeholders as the reason for lack of adequate healthcare services: however, the challenges differs from one country to another. A detailed literature review was conducted to realize the currently eHealth adoption level in Federal Republic of Nigeria while considering facilitating conditions and barriers towards eHealth technologies. It was realized from the literature review that a full scale implementation which would consider organizational structure, technology platform, policy, legislation, social benefits and change management is required.

Information Technology in Industry (ITII) is an open access electronic journal, established by a group of academic members at La Trobe University, Australia for the purpose of publishing and sharing knowledge and research results in all areas of information technology in industry.

Perfromance management in healthcare organisations’ has been hampered by the enduring chasm between clinical performance measurement and business financial, operational and customer service performance measurement. This has led to poor management of stakeholder needs and negative audits for most public and many private healthcare organisations, including healthcare funders such as medical aid schemes. This study examined the opportunity to address private healthcare organisational performance measurement, management and control system (PMMCS) needs through a logically aggregated but adaptable dashboard. The resulting model combined the strategic offerings of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) by Kaplan and Norton (1996), and the Theory of Constraints (TOC), by Dr Eliyahu Goldratt (2004), into a Performance Optimisation Triangle (POT), as formulated by Mahesh Gupta (2012).
A qualitative design strategy was employed in the from of a depth case study that allowed both inductive and deductive reasoning principles to be applied in analysing multiple forms of data selected to demonstrate how the theory behind the POT could be inculcated into a sample organisation’s nascent PMMCS dashboard. The study aimed to address organisational diagnosis, “What needs to change”, the so-called “current reality tree” of TOC thinking process; “what it needs to change to”, the “future reality tree”, and finally “how it needs to change” (Ferduko, 2013)
The project revealed that an operational and industrial engineering theory, (TOC), and a business strategic concept, (BSC), could be harnessed to simplify a healthcare organisation’s PMMCS. There is an opportunity to provide a simple dashboard (POT), for healthcare business decision-makers to rule on decisions such as mergers and acquisitions, outsourcing, product choice, through to the recruitment of new staff.

The society today is riddled with a colossal number of health and wellness concerns. Despite the progress in social and economic aspects, the world is fraught with the exigencies at large. The paradigm shift that took place from the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals has clearly earmarked the issues related to health, wellness and sanitation and helped in drawing attention of the policy-makers. With the changing demographics and disease epidemiologies, the world is faltering in parameters of mortality rates due to rise in various communicable and non-communicable diseases, that could be prevented if timely monitoring and reporting had been done. Through the review of literature, it is implicit that the technological interventions have the due potential to improve the quality, safety and efficiency of healthcare and allied domains. In this paper, the author draws a tangential framework, beginning from Michele Foucault's "medical gaze" to the current trend of "smart wearables", to monitor one's health indicators and discusses the underpinnings of the above mentioned paradigm shift that has occurred with passing time, under the theoretical framework of post-modernism. One of the aims of health policies have been prevention of diseases and promotion of good health through cross-sectoral action and access to technologies to provide universal access to healthcare. Timely monitoring leads to 'preventive approach' of treatment rather than 'curative approach', resulting in less medical expenditures. The paper suggests that monitoring has advanced significantly with technological interventions playing an active role, resulting in better health statistics.

Layanan kesehatan merupakan domain dengan intensitas data tinggi di mana sejumlah data dibuat, diuji, disimpan dan diakses secara harian. Transparansi data menjadi masalah yang berakibat pada pembengkakan biaya layanan kesehatan. Teknologi blockchain sebagai ledger public yang bersifat distributed, actual dan transparan dapat menjadi jembatan bagi terciptanya system layanan kesehatan yang efisien.
Keywords: blockchain, healthcare sytem, transparent

BACKGROUND: Fishbone diagrams have been widely promoted as a systems-focused hazard analysis tool for use in root cause analysis, but they suffer from a number of structural weaknesses, including a unidirectional structure that only takes into account forces that promote an accident (ignoring those that make the accident less likely or less severe) and a means of displaying these forces that does not convey any difference in strength of influence. In a separate but related issue, many healthcare organizations suffer from a lack of change management expertise.

PROPOSED SOLUTION: To address these concerns, I present a novel technique, the Lovebug diagram, which draws from both Fishbone diagrams and force-field analysis (an approach to analyzing planned change). This new technique adds value to both its progenitor methods, while retaining their key strengths and ease of use. It can be used both prospectively, to assess planned changes, and retrospectively to assess unplanned (accidental) departures from the status quo.

DISCUSSION: The Lovebug diagram is a more powerful analytical tool than its progenitor methods; however, overall adoption of systems-focused tools for root cause analysis remains suboptimal. Additional research is needed to determine how best to promote a truly systems-focused approach to healthcare root cause analysis. Beyond this retrospective use of the technique, it represents a simple tool to assist healthcare organizations with prospective change management.

Available from: http://cri.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/10/25/1356262213510855.abstract

Currently, technology greatly benefits the area of healthcare. Modern computers can quickly process a large volume of patient health records. Due to recent advances in the area of Internet of Things and healthcare, patient data can be dispersed in multiple locations. As a result, scientists have been proposing solutions based on Cloud Computing to manage healthcare data. However, suchs solutions present challenges regarding access latency, context-awareness, and large volumes of data. There is an increased probability of processing and transmission errors are more likely to occur as health data sets become larger and more complex. In this context, Fog Computing presents itself as an alternative to reduce health data management complexity, consequently increasing its reliability. To that end, it is important to comprehend the associated challenges before defining a Fog Computing-based architecture to manage healthcare data. This article presents a systematic literature review of fog computing being applied to healthcare area. We propose a taxonomy to explore the open issues and most important challenges on these fields of study. We selected 1070 scientific articles published in the last 10 years, filtering the 44 most significant works for an in-depth analysis. We found that there is several challenges to be addressed such as interoperability, privacy, security, data processing, management of resources and Big Data issues. Also, our contribution include developing a taxonomy for the Fog Computing and healthcare fields of study and finding out challenges and open questions of this area.

Dans cet exposé (non scientifique) je présente une définitions de "Internet des Objets" (IdO ou IoT de l'anglais "Internet of Things"), je raconte une brève histoire du concept et aussi du terme. Enfin, je montre un scénario applicatif: l’e-santé

Anatomy education in medical schools has always been considered demanding, as students need to learn and remember vast amount of information about the human body. Since ongoing technological innovation, is changing how humans interact with information, integrating the web in anatomy education can provide students a way to revise what they have learned in an interactive and competitive means. There has been research on the use of game-based response systems to engage learners during lectures; however, a significant gap exists in demonstrating the value of game-based learning to motivate medical students learning anatomy. This study aims at revealing the effects of using mobile phones and a game-based classroom response system as a closure activity to foster anatomy learning. To that end, 45 medical school students were given a Kahoot! quiz at the end of each anatomy lecture during two semesters. Higher attendance and participation and more focused and engaged students in class have been the observed benefits of the application. The findings suggest that game-based response systems can be used in core subjects like anatomy education as a closure activity.

Big data in health care is the innumerable data collected from various sources, including electronic health records (EHRs), medical imaging devices, and genomic sequencing. It comprises a large volume of structured and unstructured data that can be analyzed computationally to show trends and patterns, to solve issues in the health industry. It can be overwhelming if the right tools to handle it is not in place, which is why advanced analytics techniques such as machine learning, predictive analysis, data mining, statistics, among many others, can be used to resolve the data and better understand it. The healthcare industry is one of the largest, most complex, and fragile industries that is always under pressure to adopt a change that will improve the services rendered. Healthcare big data has really helped revolutionize it. Healthcare big data is now being used in health institutions for experimenting and for advanced academic research projects.

Advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and increased pressure to improve accessibility and quality health services have sparked the interest in Telehealth as a method to deliver healthcare more effectively and efficiently. The successful implementation of Telehealth had reported many benefits and improved healthcare delivery. Health and government agencies globally are already establishing Telehealth in their healthcare systems, including Malaysia. The Telemedicine Blueprint first published in 1997 proves the commitment of the government towards harnessing the ICT potential for promoting greater and more equitable access to health care services for rural and remote areas. Despite huge investments made in this direction, the impact on the Malaysian healthcare system is yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this research is to support evidence-informed policy making surrounding Telehealth implementation. This descriptive case study will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods, on the background for the implementation of the Telehealth and evaluation on its impact to the health system. By examining two government primary care clinics with Telehealth in a real setting, this study will use socio-technical approach to examine the strategies involved, implementation challenges and evaluation of Telehealth. This research will provide increased understanding of how and to what degree Telehealth implementation is supporting the healthcare services particularly in the primary care setting. The results of the 'best-practices' and 'lesson-learned' of Telehealth implementation will contribute towards developing framework and new models of measurable improvements which is considered to be a substantial issue that need to be put forward.

Essentially, the purpose of investment in information systems and information technology (IS/IT) is to improve the operational efficiency of the organizations, reducing costs and improving levels of quality. Thus, many traditional appraisal techniques are used to evaluate tangible benefits, which are based on direct project costs. Since the 1980s, IS/IT has positioned itself as a strategic tool that through flexibility and innovative ways can produce superior performance. The health sector has sought to improve its effectiveness and efficiency by adopting IS/IT solutions to increase the quality of services, namely patient safety, organizational efficiency, and end-user satisfaction. Hospitals are complex organizations, and this complexity magnifies the opportunity for inevitable human errors. A poorly integrated system can decrease operational efficiency and reduce the quality of healthcare services. The issue remains controversial, as evidenced by several articles. The authors noticed that emergent technologies may offer opportunities to those who can exploit them effectively.

Previously the traditional healthcare information system that used in the healthcare sector was the paperbased and then later it was replaced by the Healthcare Information System (HIS). However the HIS was found not perform effectively because of several issues such as storage capacity, system integration, high operating cost and system maintenance. Cloud computing is a new technology that deliver the software, infrastructure and computational platform as a service over the Internet in any place and any time. This technology has been said can solve many problems of the healthcare system such as increase the storage capacity and add new capability on the existing healthcare system. Cloud computing offers cost effective, increase interoperability and accessibility, optimize resources and integrate the healthcare information systems. It becomes a solution for solving the current issues, which lead to enhance functionality and features of the healthcare information systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the cloud computing technology as solution for healthcare information system issues. Issues such as data transmission, data storage, cost and maintenance issues are presented and described. The implications of this study then discussed.

""The existing literature in relation to electronic personal
health records (PHRs) has typically focused on the discussion
of several key issues—namely, their design, functional evaluation, privacy, security and architecture. The benefits of PHRs and barriers preventing their adoption are also widely discussed. These issues are affected by technology infrastructure, and current and
planned technology infrastructure deployment will be key determinants in the selection and design of PHR architectures. Assumptions about the community-wide deployment of required technologies such as hardware and internet accessibility are implicit in the architectural selection of PHRs and these dependencies have not been fully appreciated or addressed in the existing literature. This review article introduces and describes
two infrastructural drivers—ubiquitous technology baseline for PHRs and connectivity coverage—and examines their inter-relationships with the selected PHR architectures. Eleven functional capabilities are also described, providing a basis for the analysis of the relationships between the two infrastructural drivers and architectural selection.""