Hyperlink

The World Wide Web has become one of our more important information sources, and commercial search engines are the major tools for locating information; however, it is not enough for a Web page to be indexed by the search engines - it also must rank high on relevant queries. ...

El mundo profesional y el académico se encuentran tradicionalmente en el marco del Congreso de Periodismo Digital de Huesca, una cita obligada para todos aquellos que quieren conocer, de primera mano, las principales novedades en este campo.

Phishing is a criminal scheme to steal the user"s personal data and other credential information. It is a fraud that acquires victim"s confidential information such as password, bank account detail, credit card number, financial username and password etc. and later it can be misuse by attacker. In this research paper, we proposed a new anti-phishing algorithm, which we call ObURL Detection Algorithm. The ObURL Detection Algorithm used to detect the URL Obfuscation Phishing attacks and it provides the multilayer security over the internet fraud. The ObURL Detection Algorithm can detect the hyperlink, content of hyperlink"s destination URL, iFrame in email, input form, input form in iFrame source URL, iFrame within iFrame, and after all that multiple tests will be perform such as DNS Test, IP address Test, URL Encode Test, Shorten URL Test, Black and Whitelist Test, URL pattern matching Test On that collected data. Our experiments verified that ObURL Detection Algorithm is effective to detect both known and unknown URL Obfuscation phishing attacks.

Große verteilte Informationssysteme wie das World Wide Web sind heute für die Kommunikation und den Informationsaustausch sowohl im privaten als auch im professionellen Bereich unverzichtbar. Sie werden von Personen mit unterschiedlichsten kulturellen, sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Hintergründen verwendet, eine gute Benutzbarkeit ist daher entscheidend für ihren Erfolg. Die Digitalisierung trägt wesentlich zum vereinfachten und beschleunigten Zugriff auf die Informationen bei, sofern eine sichere Orientierung und Navigation im System gegeben ist. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Ergonomie verteilter Informationssysteme, identifiziert die Probleme bei ihrer Nutzung und stellt neue Lösungsmöglichkeiten für die Reduzierung der Benutzbarkeitsdefizite sowohl auf Ebene der Benutzungsschnittstelle als auch auf technischer Ebene vor. Ein zentrales Element für die Navigation in verteilten Informationssystemen sind die assoziativen Verweise zwischen den Objekten, die als Hyperlinks bezeichnet werden. Solche im Dokument eingebetteten Verknüpfungen stellen Beziehungen zwischen beliebigen Ressourcen her und können Aktionen auslösen. Die Idee, inhaltlich verwandte Dokumente in einem Informationssystem zur direkten Navigation miteinander zu vernetzen, um die Handhabbarkeit der stetig wachsenden Informationsbestände zu verbessern, stammt bereits aus den 1930er Jahren und wurde in den 1970er Jahren unter dem Begriff Hypertext bekannt. Das Web ist das bisher erfolgreichste verteilte Informationssystem, das dieses Konzept einsetzt. Hyperlinks sind das wichtigste Navigationselement im Web, ohne sie wäre es in der heutigen Form undenkbar. Der Einsatz von Hyperlinks und die Datenverteilung auf viele Systeme brachten jedoch auch neue Benutzbarkeitsprobleme mit sich, bei denen die Benutzungsschnittstelle von Links eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Wesentliche Konzepte zur Reduktion der Schwierigkeiten bei der Link-Navigation sind typisierte Links und Link-Previews, die Anwendern bereits vor der Auswahl Informationen zum Link und zum Zielobjekt vermitteln. Am Beispiel des Webs wird in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, dass in verteilten Informationssystemen zahlreiche Details zur Art, Funktion und zum Ziel eines Links existieren, die für Nutzer unzugänglich bleiben. Die im Web vorhandenen Link-Informationen werden klassifiziert, und es wird mithilfe von Benutzbarkeitstests und einer Online-Umfrage untersucht, welche von ihnen Anwender als wichtig für die Navigation ansehen. Neben der Relevanz von Link-Informationen befasst sich diese Arbeit mit den Herausforderungen bei der Darstellung solcher Informationen. Basierend auf den Forschungsergebnissen früherer Hypertext-Projekte und -Standards sowie aktuellen Untersuchungen zur Benutzbarkeit des Webs werden erstmals die Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Benutzungsschnittstelle von Hyperlinks klassifiziert und systematisch neue Konzepte für eine erweiterte Link-Schnittstelle entworfen und realisiert. Diese Konzepte helfen bei der Identifikation von Link-Ankern und erlauben die Anzeige wichtiger zusätzlicher Link-Informationen in Webseiten. Zur Analyse der Stärken und Schwächen werden die neu entwickelten Schnittstellenkonzepte in Form der zwei Prototypen HyperScout I und HyperScout II vorgestellt und jeweils mit Benutzerstudien evaluiert. Die Tests liefern neue Erkenntnisse über die Anforderungen bei der Gestaltung benutzbarer Schnittstellen für Hyperlinks in verteilten Informationssystemen. Eine Erweiterung der Benutzungsschnittstelle von Hyperlinks erfordert aufgrund der offenen und verteilten Architektur des Webs neue Techniken zur Übertragung der zusätzlich benötigten Daten. Sie sollen gewährleisten, dass Anwendern ergänzende Link-Informationen ohne Verzögerung dargestellt werden. Dies wird durch ein Konzept erreicht, das auf einer Erweiterung des HTTP-Protokolls und einem neuen Modul für die Sprache XHTML beruht. Bei der Konzeption wurde auf Kompatibilität mit aktuellen Web-Standards, eine gute Skalierbarkeit und eine Minimierung der zusätzlich benötigten Bandbreite geachtet. Sowohl die Realisierung neuer Konzepte zur Erweiterung der Benutzungsschnittstelle als auch Anpassungen der Protokolle und Sprachen des Webs bringen eine erhebliche technische Komplexität mit sich. Hierzu trägt bei, dass Server und Browser erweitert werden müssen und dass, bedingt durch die schnelle technische Evolution, viele untereinander inkompatible Schnittstellen bedient werden müssen. Zur Vereinfachung der prototypischen Realisierung solcher Konzepte wurde ein Framework namens Scone konzipiert und entwickelt, das sich durch Plattformunabhängigkeit und Flexibilität auszeichnet. Es weist eine komponentenbasierte Architektur auf und bietet eine Plug-in-Schnittstelle zur Integration und Konfiguration neuer Prototypen. Das Framework beruht auf einem Web-Intermediary zur Analyse und Modifikation übertragener Daten und einem programmierbaren Web-Crawler, der regelbasiert zusätzliche relevante Informationen für Anwender zusammenstellen kann. Komponenten zur Verarbeitung und Persistierung von Web-Ressourcen sowie zur Anbindung an Browser und Server vereinfachen die Umsetzung vieler unterschiedlicher Konzepte zur Erweiterung des Webs. Das Scone-Framework war Grundlage für die prototypische Realisierung und Evaluation der in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Konzepte und wurde bereits in zahlreichen weiteren internationalen Forschungsprojekten eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat sehr von der Kooperation mit meinen Kollegen an der Universität Hamburg profitiert. Hervorheben möchte ich die exzellente Zusammenarbeit mit Hartmut Obendorf und Matthias Mayer. Mein Dank gilt in erster Linie meinem Doktorvater, Herrn Prof. Dr. Winfried Lamersdorf, der mir die Freiheit gab, ein Thema meiner Wahl zu bearbeiten und mich und diese Arbeit mit wertvollem Rat, viel Umsicht und Geduld unterstützt hat. Ebenfalls bin ich Herrn Prof. Horst Oberquelle für seine Motivierung und Anregungen zu vielen meiner Projekte und Veröffentlichungen sehr verpflichtet. Besonderen Dank schulde ich meiner Lebensgefährtin Verena Franzen, meiner Familie und meinem Onkel Reinhardt Weinreich, ohne deren Beistand und Unterstützung diese Arbeit in der ausführlichen Form nicht möglich gewesen wäre. Vielen meiner Freunde und Bekannten bin ich für ihre Mitwirkung bei Umfragen und Studien im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sehr verbunden. Abschließend möchte ich allen Beteiligten meinen herzlichen Dank für ihre Geduld und ihr Vertrauen ausdrücken.

Author's right to authorize the communication to the public of his/her works including the making available to the public of his/her works and hyperlinking to author's works on the Internet.
(Speech delivered in Greek in Athens WordPress Greek Community's 10th Meetup, in Technopolis of Municipality of Athens on May 31, 2017)

The scaling of microchip technologies has enabled large scale systems-on-chip (SoC). Network-on-chip (NoC) research addresses global communication in SoC, involving (i) a move from computation-centric to communication-centric design and (ii) the implementation of scalable communication structures. This survey presents a perspective on existing NoC research. We define the following abstractions: system, network adapter, network, and link to explain and structure the fundamental concepts. First, research relating to the actual network design is reviewed. Then system level design and modeling are discussed. We also evaluate performance analysis techniques. The research shows that NoC constitutes a unification of current trends of intrachip communication rather than an explicit new alternative.

With the advent of the World Wide Web and the emergence of e-commerce applications and social networks, organizations across the Web generate a large amount of data day-by-day. The abundant unstructured or semi-structured information on the Web leads a great challenge for both the users, who are seeking for effectively valuable information and for the business people, who needs to provide personalized service to the individual consumers, buried in the billions of web pages. To overcome these problems, data mining techniques must be applied on the Web. In this article, an attempt has been made to review the various web mining techniques to discover fruitful patterns from the Web, in detail. New concepts are also included in broad-sense for Optimal Web Mining. This paper also discusses the state of the art and survey on Web Mining that is used in knowledge discovery over the Web.

Ecommerce is developing into a fast-growing channel for new business, so a strong presence in this domain could prove essential to the success of numerous commercial organizations. However, there is little research examining ecommerce at the individual customer level, particularly on the success of everyday ecommerce searches. This is critical for the continued success of online commerce. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of search engines in the retrieval of relevant ecommerce links. The study examines the effectiveness of five different types of search engines in response to ecommerce queries by comparing the enginesÕ quality of ecommerce links using topical relevancy ratings. This research employs 100 ecommerce queries, five major search engines, and more than 3540 Web links. The findings indicate that links retrieved using an ecommerce search engine are significantly better than those obtained from most other engines types but do not significantly differ from links obtained from a Web directory service. We discuss the implications for Web system design and ecommerce marketing campaigns.

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is spreading inside the classrooms at all educational levels. As this integration has extended to young learners (3 to 5 years), the authorities have recommended their use so that children can acquire knowledge and dexterities they will use all their lives. Keeping in mind that it is at this age when very young learners acquire abilities and basic dexterities at their own pace, the more personalized the better. From all the premises above, we can claim that whereas other computer assisted language learning systems do not account for differences in children's cognitive development when designing computerized applications, the introduction of AHS (Adaptive Hypermedia Systems) is aimed at adapting and personalizing content to children's needs and abilities.

In this paper, basic relational database (DB) normalization algorithms are implemented efficiently as Mathematica modules. It was observed that, Mathematica provided a straightforward platform as opposed to previous ones, mainly Prolog based tools which required complex data structures such as linked list representations with pointers. A Java user interface called JMath-Norm was designed to execute the Mathematica modules in a systematic way. For this purpose, Mathematica's Java link facility (JLink) is utilized to drive the Mathematica kernel. JMath-Norm provides an effective interactive tool in an educational setting for teaching DB normalization theory.

Web is the fundamental source for the generation of information or data in tremendous amount. However, each and individual site classify their own data but fetching the classified data from the multiple website is not possible. Clustering the web data is the main challenge in the web data mining where an efficient approach is needed to cluster it. In the proposed system, multiple webpage are fetched by web crawling technique then the data are extracted, classified using the PSO algorithm. The fitness value gives good classification result and provides a novel searching technique. The experimental setup is carried out in java language and the accuracy of this approach is 80%.

Online community sites have replaced the traditional means of keeping a community informed via libraries and publishing. At present, online communities are islands that are not interlinked. We describe different types of online communities and tools that are currently used to build and support such communities. Ontologies and Semantic Web technologies offer an upgrade path to providing more complex services. Fusing information and inferring links between the various applications and types of information provides relevant insights that make the available information on the Internet more valuable. We present the SIOC ontology which combines terms from vocabularies that already exist with new terms needed to describe the relationships between concepts in the realm of online community sites. 2

The exponential growth of information available on the World Wide Web, and retrievable by search engines, has implied the necessity to develop efficient and effective methods for organizing relevant contents. In this field document clustering plays an important role and remains an interesting and challenging problem in the field of web computing. In this paper we present a document clustering method, which takes into account both contents information and hyperlink structure of web page collection, where a document is viewed as a set of semantic units. We exploit this representation to determine the strength of a relation between two linked pages and to define a relational clustering algorithm based on a probabilistic graph representation. The experimental results show that the proposed approach, called RED-clustering, outperforms two of the most well known clustering algorithm as k-Means and Expectation Maximization.

PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONALISME GURU BERBASIS
SISTEM NAVIGASI CAKAP I (SATU) LEMBAR
Oleh : Akrim Maghfiroh, S.Pd
KKG Ponorogo Jawa Timur 0003
Email: [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Best practice ini merupakan pengalaman penulis dalam melaksanakan dan mengikuti pelatihan kegiatan PKB dalam acara Bimtek Peningkatan Kompetensi dan Profesionalisme Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Melalui Pemahaman Numerasi yang dilaksanakan oleh Kelompok Kerja Guru Kabupaten Ponorogo Jawa Timur 0003.
Tujuan best practice ini adalah menyajikan pengalaman model pengembangan kompetensi profesionalisme guru dalam pembelajaran dengan menggunakan sistem navigasi cakap 1 (satu) lembar dengan menggunakan fitur Hyperlink.
Subjek pelatihan adalah guru madrasah ibtidaiyah kecamatan kota Ponorogo. Model pelatihan menggunakan “learning by doing” dengan masing-masing peserta membuat contoh file dengan menggunakan sistem navigasi cakap 1 (satu) lembar dengan menggunakan fitur hyperlink dalam bentuk powerpoint sebagaimana yang telah dijelaskan.
Dengan pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi profesionalisme guru menggunakan sistem navigasi cakap 1 (satu) lembar dengan menggunakan fitur hyperlink  dan dengan berbagai kreativitas yang dimiliki mampu menambah profesionalisme guru dalam mengemas materi pembelajaran menjadi ringkas, jelas, tidak membosankan dan mengesankan. Sehingga guru dan siswa mampu melaksanakan proses pembelajaran dengan mengikuti perkembangan tegnologi dalam  pendidikan dan mampu menjawab tantangan untuk masa depan.

Kata kunci: Kompetensi, profesionalisme, guru, powerpoint, hyperlink

Abstract. The present work proposes a combined classifier of infant cry units that links in a single structure two focuses: a threshold-based classification and ANN-based classification. The threshold-based classifier considers 4 new acoustic features: stridor, melody, voicedness, shifts, that show properly their robustness in front of alterations of the acoustics of infant cry concerned with the presence of some diseases. In order to satisfy the automatic estimation their practical implementations are also considered. The ANN-based classifier ...

This essay presents a course about learning architecture based on both physical space and webinar interactive digital means. In this course, an interactive virtual online classroom for architects is described, named "Folie Numérique N5" which is simulating, as a case study, the real physical expositional space "Folie Numérique N5" of the Parc de la Villette, in Paris. Made with Unity 3d and @postasis Framework, during the study engineering of the European project @postasis: Virtual Artistic Laboratory, this course is proposed by the author as an architect member of the International Relationships Service of Paris8 University and PhD candidate in architecture and it represents a custom educational tool for students in architecture design, fine arts and history. The objective for this project focuses on the synthesis of the 3d virtual environment and aims to expand the limits between research and architecture through new technological approaches in education with 48 hours-seminar. The proposed virtual online classroom is a real-time multiuser environment, a place of knowledge, interaction, play, exploration, discovery and learning combined with virtual reality technology.

The proper use of iconic interfaces reduces system complexity and helps users interact with systems more easily. However, due to carelessness, inadequate research, and the web's relatively short history, the icons used on web sites often are ambiguous. Because nonidentifiable icons may convey meanings other than those intended, designers must consider whether icons are easily identifiable when creating web sites. In this study, visual icons used on e-business web sites were examined by population stereotypy and categorized into three groups: identifiable, medium, and vague. Representative icons from each group were tested by comparing selection performance in groups of student volunteers, with identifiable and medium icons improving performance. We found that only easily identifiable icons can reduce complexity and increase system usability. r

ESBB is provisionally defined as a decentralized, pluri-centric international community of practice with the aim of investigating academic issues that relate to crossing borders such as international communicative competence or international publishing. In this paper, I illustrate how a developing concept such as international communicative or academic competence can be presented in a non-linear generic pattern even within a journal article by using hyperlinks built around a central concept. I discuss and illustrate the relationship between stable and dynamic open-access publication and then develop some of the concepts related to the dynamic area of holistic international and communicative competence alongside my previous work in the area. At the same, this volume represents my (and our) first experience of non-blind peer review. I attempt to integrate review comments into this ‘final’ draft explicitly to acknowledge the contributions reviewers have made. Using ESBB as an example of the type of international academic community that is so problematic when competence is defined or even just characterized, another focus of this paper has been the benefits of crossing borders by looking for connections between different conceptual areas. I briefly consider contributions from the field of philosophy to resolve some of the conceptual issues involved in defining an international community in relation to academic literacy, argumentation and competence.

et nolwenn trÉhondArt Les figures du Livre numérique « augmenté » au prisme d'une rhétorique de La réception « homothétique » ou « enrichi », sous format « ePub » ou « applicatif », à lire sur ordinateur, tablette, liseuse ou téléphone, à regarder, à manipuler et parfois à écouter, le livre numérique est encore un objet aux contours flous. Selon Claire Bélisle (2003), il est composé d'un support physique, d'un logiciel d'exploitation, d'un logiciel de lecture et de fichiers. dans un sondage Ipsos datant de 2010 1 , le livre numérique est considéré par 36 % des sujets comme un support physique de lecture, alors que 56 % l'envisagent comme un ensemble de fichiers à feuilleter. nous retenons ici la définition du livre numérique comme un ensemble de fichiers reproduisant des similitudes avec le livre papier tout en s'ouvrant vers de nouvelles particularités. Cet article met en oeuvre une méthodologie appelée « rhétorique de la réception » (Saemmer, 2014). montrant comment le texte numérique dans son contexte éditorial préfigure les pratiques, et comment le lecteur y répond potentiellement en mobilisant des

colink retrieval constitutes (in this study) the pairing of academic Web pages. WCA may be called the sister technique of ACA, because it occupies a position within a subfield of bibliometrics, known as webometrics . Björneborn and Ingwersen (2001) note that "webometrics displays several similarities to informetric and scientometric studies and the application of common bibliometric methods" (p. 65). Webometric link analysis focuses on outlinks pointing from Web pages, and inlinks pointing to Web pages. Both "can be seen as reference and citation analyses respectively," but "unlike the traditional paper-based citation world ... the Web often demonstrates Web pages simultaneously linking to each other" (pp. 65-66). The term colink in webometrics defines an instance "when two Web pages both have inlinks from a third page" (Thelwall, 2004, p. 5). Data collection for a colink analysis requires the use of search engines like AltaVista or Yahoo; however, much of the research to date has been about the collection and measurement of inlinks and outlinks, or direct link networks (e.g.

The HITS algorithm proposed by Kleinberg is one of the representative methods of scoring Web pages by using hyperlinks. In the days when the algorithm was proposed, most of the pages given high score by the algorithm were really related to a given topic, and hence the algorithm could be used to find related pages. However, the algorithm and the variants including Bharat's improved HITS, abbreviated to BHITS, proposed by Bharat and Henzinger cannot be used to find related pages any more on today's Web, due to an increase of spam links. In this paper, we first propose three methods to find "linkfarms," that is, sets of spam links forming a densely connected subgraph of a Web graph. We then present an algorithm, called a trust-score algorithm, to give high scores to pages which are not spam pages with a high probability. Combining the three methods and the trust-score algorithm with BHITS, we obtain several variants of the HITS algorithm. We ascertain by experiments that one of them, named TaN+BHITS using the trust-score algorithm and the method of finding linkfarms by employing name servers, is most suitable for finding related pages on today's Web. Our algorithms take time and memory no more than those required by the original HITS algorithm, and can be executed on a PC with a small amount of main memory.

In recent years, as information technologies have grown in sophistication and become more fully integrated into daily lifestyles, a general expectation has arisen that the internet has the potential to reconfigure social and political relationships, and to create new political configurations. Blogging, in particular, has been seen to have significant potential to merge the public and the personal in new ways, potentially altering the nature of politics, particularly in nations where political processes are formalistic and highly regulated. As an example, politicians who blog have developed a new approach to communicating with their constituencies, in that the private thoughts of the political actor are expressed in a relatively unmediated environment. This study, which examines trends in blog linkages among Assembly members in Korea, provides a longitudinal analysis of blog linkages in order to assess the long term implications of new media technologies in Korean society and politic...

Usability web site RESUMEN En los últimos diez años, se observa una creciente preocupación de la comunidad científica de Ingeniería de Software y otras comunidades relacionadas, en la evaluación de aplicaciones centradas en la Web, de modo que recientemente se ha dado en llamar a la disciplina, Ingeniería de Software en la Web, o brevemente, Ingeniería en la Web. El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar y confrontar el cumplimiento de una serie de normas, consideradas a priori predictoras de la usabilidad de un sitio web, para garantizar la eficiencia de los servicios prestados por una institución. La idea subyacente a esos sistemas es que una universidad como cualquier otro proveedor de servicios, ha de estar orientada hacia la satisfacción de las necesidades de sus clientes.

The cost of developing and deploying web applications is reduced by dynamically integrating other heterogeneous self-contained web services. However, the malfunctioning of such systems would cause severe losses. This paper presents a technique for building reliable web applications composed of web services. All relevant web services are linked to the component under test at the testing time; thus, the availability of suitable web services is guaranteed at invocation time. In our technique, a web application and its composed components are specified by a two-level abstract model. The web application is represented as Task Precedence Graph (TPG) and the behavior of the composed components is represented as a Timed Labeled Transition System (TLTS). Three sets of test sequences are generated from the WSDL files, the TLTS and the TPG representing the integrated components and the whole web application. Test cases are executed automatically using a test execution algorithm and a test framework is also presented. This framework wraps the test cases with SOAP interfaces and validates the testing results obtained from the web services.

A stigmergic hyperlink, or "stigh", is an object that looks and behaves like a regular HTML hyperlink, but runs at the server side. A system of stighs displays interesting emergent behaviors, of some complexity, but a stigh alone is very simple: it has a life attribute, only reinforced when users click it, and methods to provide meta-information about its destination. We reason that stigmergic hyperlinks could support a more decentralized approach to the Web search problem, particularly for addressing the "Deep Web", which we consider all the WWW that is uncharted by search engines. We discuss vertical and horizontal solutions for the "Deep Web" and present a specialized system that makes searchable the publications hiding at the biggest Portuguese digital magazines site. The index that the system builds, feeds the search related methods of a stigmergic hyperlink linking to that destination. Our contributions are, to make the case for a broader "Deep Web" concept, that goes beyond databases hiding behind HTML forms; describe an approach that could decentralized Web search, based on stigmergic hyperlinks and a supporting business model; and to exemplify one specialized system that enables searching the biggest Portuguese digital magazines website.

The World Wide Web has become one of our more important information sources, and commercial search engines are the major tools for locating information; however, it is not enough for a Web page to be indexed by the search engines-it also must rank high on relevant queries. One of the parameters involved in ranking is the number and quality of links pointing to the page, based on the assumption that links convey appreciation for a page. This article presents the results of a content analysis of the links to two top pages retrieved by Google for the query "jew" as of July 2004: the "jew" entry on the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia, and the home page of "Jew Watch," a highly anti-Semitic site. The top results for the query "jew" gained public attention in April 2004, when it was noticed that the "Jew Watch" homepage ranked number 1. From this point on, both sides engaged in "Googlebombing" (i.e., increasing the number of links pointing to these pages). The results of the study show that most of the links to these pages come from blogs and discussion links, and the number of links pointing to these pages in appreciation of their content is extremely small. These findings have implications for ranking algorithms based on link counts, and emphasize the huge difference between Web links and citations in the scientific community.

The need to understand authors' motivations for creating links between university web sites is addressed by a survey of a random collection of 414 such links from the ac.uk domain. A classification scheme was created and applied to this collection. Obtaining inter-classifier agreement as to the single main link creation cause was very difficult because of multiple potential motivations and the fluidity of genre on the Web. Nevertheless, it was clear that, whilst the vast majority, over 90%, was created for broadly scholarly reasons, only two were equivalent to journal citations. It is concluded that academic web link metrics will be dominated by a range of informal types of scholarly communication. Since formal communication can be extensively studied through citation analysis, this provides an exciting new window through which to investigate a facet of a previously obscured type of communication activity. 2

Link analysis in various forms is now an established technique in many different subjects, reflecting the perceived importance of links and that of the web. A critical but very difficult issue is how to interpret the results of social science link analyses. It is argued that the dynamic nature of the web, its lack of quality control and the online proliferation of copying and imitation mean that methodologies operating within a highly positivist, quantitative framework are ineffective. Conversely, the sheer variety of the web makes qualitative methodologies and pure reason very problematic to apply to large-scale studies. Methodology triangulation is consequently advocated, in combination with a warning that the web is incapable of giving definitive answers to large-scale link analysis research questions concerning social factors underlying link creation. Finally, it is claimed that whilst theoretical frameworks with which to guide research are appropriate, a Theory of Link Analysis is not possible.

Traditional text-based document classifiers tend to perform poorly on the Web. Text in Web documents is usually noisy and often does not contain enough information to determine their topic. However, the Web provides a different source that can be useful to document classification: its hyperlink structure. In this work, the authors evaluate how the link structure of the Web can be used to determine a measure of similarity appropriate for document classification. They experiment with five different similarity measures and determine their adequacy for predicting the topic of a Web page. Tests performed on a Web directory show that link information alone allows classifying documents with an average precision of 86%. Further, when combined with a traditional textbased classifier, precision increases to values of up to 90%, representing gains that range from 63 to 132% over the use of text-based classification alone. Because the measures proposed in this article are straightforward to compute, they provide a practical and effective solution for Web classification and related information retrieval tasks. Further, the authors provide an important set of guidelines on how link structure can be used effectively to classify Web documents.

Abstract. The present work proposes a combined classifier of infant cry units that links in a single structure two focuses: a threshold-based classification and ANN-based classification. The threshold-based classifier considers 4 new acoustic features: stridor, melody, voicedness, shifts, that show properly their robustness in front of alterations of the acoustics of infant cry concerned with the presence of some diseases. In order to satisfy the automatic estimation their practical implementations are also considered. The ANN-based classifier ...

This research is part of the ongoing study to better understand web page ranking on the web. It looks at a web page as a graph structure or a web graph, and tries to classify different web graphs in the new coordinate space: (out-degree, in-degree). The out-degree coordi-nate od is defined as the number of outgoing web pages from a given web page. The in-degree id coordinate is the number of web pages that point to a given web page. In this new coordinate space a metric is built to classify how close or far different web graphs are. Google’s web ranking algorithm (Brin & Page, 1998) on ranking web pages is applied in this new coordinate space. The re-sults of the algorithm has been modified to fit different topological web graph structures. Also the algorithm was not successful in the case of general web graphs and new ranking web algorithms have to be considered. This study does not look at enhancing web ranking by adding any contextual information. It only considers web links as a...

Resumen En los últimos diez años, se observa una creciente preocupación de la comunidad científica de Ingeniería de Software y otras comunidades relacionadas, en la evaluación de aplicaciones centradas en la Web, de modo que recientemente se ha dado ...

Counts of links into the websites of Australasian universities were calculated from the output of a specially designed crawler that covered universities in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. These figures were compared to those from the commercial search engines AltaVista and AllTheWeb. Web Impact Factors (WIFs) for Australasian universities were then calculated by dividing link counts from the three countries by academic staff numbers at each target university. WIFs were compared with each other and also with a conventional measure of research output for Australia. It was discovered that the crawler-generated link counts were roughly proportional to those from AltaVista and AllTheWeb for Australia, albeit with some outliers in the data. WIFs correlated quite well with research output for Australia, but the relationship was not clear enough to be able to differentiate between the characters of the WIFs from the three different sources. However, a new measurement introduced, the normalised propensity to link, suggests that the New Zealand university web is more insular than that of Australia.

Google's PageRank is an influential algorithm that uses a model of Web use that is dominated by its link structure in order to rank pages by their estimated value to the Web community. This paper reports on the outcome of applying the algorithm to the Web sites of three national university systems in order to test whether it is capable of identifying the most important Web pages. The results are also compared to simple inlink counts. It was discovered that the highest inlinked pages do not always have the highest PageRank, indicating that the two metrics are genuinely different, even for the top pages. More significantly, however, internal links dominated external links for the high ranks in either method and superficial reasons accounted for high scores in both cases. It is concluded that PageRank is not useful for identifying the top pages in a site and that it must be combined with a powerful text matching techniques in order to get the quality of information retrieval results provided by Google.

Focused crawler is an agent to index information according to specific topic. To traverse WWW, focused crawler makes a prediction of hyperlink's visiting priority in order to download relevant documents as maximum as possible and to minimize downloaded irrelevant documents. Many researchers have proposed methods to improve focused crawling precision by minimizing irrelevant documents. However there is a precision and recall trade-off. More precision the results make less recall. This research has studied on conventional focused crawling search strategy (forward crawling) and Web documents structure. The result shows the low recall of conventional focused crawling is caused by some structural characteristics of WWW. Therefore, this research proposes a new strategy of focused crawler. The new strategy is a combination of bidirectional (forward and backward) crawling and bibliometric concepts (co-citation & co-reference). Bidirectional crawling is to improve the exploration and co-citation & co-reference concepts are to control the focusing. With this new strategy, focused crawler can obtain relevant documents that are connected through co-citations or relevant communities that act connected through co-references. Based on experiments that have been carried out, the results show that focused crawler with this new strategy, named CT-FC (more Comprehensive Traversal Focused Crawler) has better exploration capability so that recall increases and precision can remain high.

Web Impact Factors, the proposed web equivalent of Impact Factors for journals, can be calculated by using search engines. It has been found that the results are problematic because of the variable coverage of search engines as well as their ability to give significantly different results over short periods of time. The fundamental problem is that although some search engines provide a functionality that is capable of being used for Impact calculations, this is not their primary task and therefore they do not give guarantees as to performance in this respect. In this paper, a bespoke web crawler designed specifically for the calculation of reliable WIFs is presented. This crawler was used to calculate WIFs for a number of UK universities, and the results of these calculations are discussed. The principal findings were that with certain restrictions, WIFs can be calculated reliably, but do not correlate with accepted research rankings due to the variety of material hosted on university servers. Changes to the calculations to improve the fit of the results to research rankings are proposed, but there are still inherent problems undermining the reliability of the calculation. These problems still apply if the WIF scores are taken on their own as indicator of the general impact of any area of the Internet, but with care would not apply to online journals.

This study examined why Websites were co-linked using Canadian university Websites as the test set. Pages that co-linked to these university Websites were located using Yahool. A random sample of 859 co-linking pages (the page that initiated the co-link) was retrieved and the contents of the page, as well as the context of the link, were manually examined to record the following variables: language, country, type of Website, and the reasons for co-linking. The study found that in over 94% of cases, the two co-linked universities were related academically; many of these cases (38%) showed a relationship specifically in teaching or research. This confirms results, from previous quantitative studies, that Web co-links can be a measure of the similarity or relatedness of sites being co-linked and that Web co-link analysis can thus be used to study relationships among linked Websites.