History of Medical Instruments Research Papers

"Science is simply common sense at its best; that is, rigidly accurate in observation and merciless to fallacy in logic." ~ Thomas Henry Huxley Author Information: Professor, Department of Paediatrics, University of Florida Department... more

Probes belonging to the group of “Cosmetic/Medical Instruments”, which were excavated in the necropolis of Philadelphia (Ermenek/Gökçeseki) in the Isaurian Region and were evaluated in my doctoral thesis, will be discussed here in this... more

Probes belonging to the group of “Cosmetic/Medical Instruments”, which were excavated in the necropolis of Philadelphia (Ermenek/Gökçeseki) in the Isaurian Region and were evaluated in my doctoral thesis, will be discussed here in this article in detail. It was deemed appropriate to evaluate the tools found among the Philadelphian finds as Cosmetic/Medical Tools, as in many of the publications on metal finds. The reason for this is that the most dense group of tools to be evaluated under this title are probes and that they are mostly known for their cosmetic use being limited to few examples in women’s graves. It is not possible to distinguish between the cosmetic use, the use for medical intervention or the use for drug preparation because they must have been used for all these purposes paralelly. Evaluation of 129 probes found in Philadelphia is the subject of this study. The probes are evaluated by dividing them into three main groups as “Spoontipped probes”, Flat (Spatula)-tipped probes” and “Olive-tipped probes”. Among these groups, two new forms with a deep oval detail in the form of a scoop at the tip of the spoon and a hole at the tip of the olive pit are studied. Of these, the ones with a separate scoop-shaped cavity in the spoon part were used for dissolving a medicine and should have been shaped and given a new form after production, with the physician’s own preference. This hole, which is not very deep, was detected in the unique samples with a hole in the tip in the form of an olive seed, and probably was designed to be used as a needle handle of the probe. In this case, a third use function should have been added to the tool with two-way use. According to analogy and context, it is important to evaluate the Philadelphia probes, which are dated to the first half of the 1st century AD and the second half of the 3rd century AD, according to the differences in decoration and form on the body and handle, as well as the size, type and function of the functional ends.

Keywords: Roman Medical Instruments, Probes, Spoon-tipped probes, Cosmetic/Medical instrument, Ancient Medicine

Some limitations of ‘category work’ in the history of psychiatry are illustrated via the example of attempts within US alienism and psychiatry since 1889 to identify psychosis and its prodromes. A slowly evolving acceptance of the need... more

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- by Richard Noll
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- 71
  Religion, Clinical Psychology, Psychological Assessment, Psychiatry

Cuvinte cheie: instrumente medicale, bronz, epoca romană, Apulum.

After the arrival of the Roman army the first professional medics probably made their appearance in the territory of Upper Moesia, predominantly in Singidunum and Viminacium. The means of treatment, and therefore the level of medicine,... more

After the arrival of the Roman army the first professional medics probably made their appearance in the territory of Upper Moesia, predominantly in Singidunum and Viminacium. The means of treatment, and therefore the level of medicine, can be knowledgeable from several different sources, while the most accurate data are those obtained by the archaeological discovery of original medical instruments. In ancient Rome more than 150 different types of surgical instruments have been used. More than 300 medical and surgical instruments of various types so far have been found on the Upper Moesian Limes from Singidunum to Aquae.
Roman citizens in Singidunum (Belgrade) lived in good conditions in both the town and the surrounding villages. From archeological excavations of the area of canabae and castrum, 28 various medical mainly surgical objects have been found. Also several medical objects have been found in various settlements, smaller fortifications or villae rusticae of ager Singidonensis. Even though at the main castrum of Singidunum no hospital has been discovered yet, just south of Belgrade, epigraphy from auxiliary fort Demessus (Guberevac/Stojnik), at the mining area at Kosmaj, has the word valetudinarium inscribed on it.
Presence of some graves of doctors and pharmacists and their discovered equipment testifies that medical care was at the highest possible level in Viminacium (Stari Kostolac), capital of Moesia Superior. In several tombs in Viminacium many surgical instruments from I to III century have been found. Medical instruments of an eye doctor - "medicus et chirurgus ocularius" were excavated on the southern city-necropolis.
Downstream from Viminacium several surgical instruments are found on different sites: in Ledarta (Ram), Cuppae (Golubac), Castrum Novae (Čezava), Smorna (Boljetin), Taliata (Donji Milanovac) and at Transdierna (Tekija). At the site of Diana (Karataš) most of the medical instruments have been found dating from the II and III century, mainly made of bronze.
Well preserved traces of sewer system and water pipes even aqueducts were found not only in the town territory of Singidunum, Margum, Viminacium and Taliata but also further away. Interestingly in Singidunum, Margum,Viminacium, Porečka Reka, Transdierna, Diana and Egeta (Brza Palanka) the existence of thermae and balnea was archaeologically or epigraphically documented.

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- by Aleksandar Simic and +1
  Gordana Jeremic
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- 16
  History of Medicine, History of Medical Instruments, Ancient Medicine, Roman Baths (Archaeology)

Any genuine concern about the implications of such a culturally distorted science-based civilization, or about the role of women within it, demands an explanation. For the male identity of science is no mere artifact of sexist history;... more

The Roman Empire - one of the greatest civilizations in history - lasted for over 1000 years providing the basis to many parts of today’s Europe. The Empire also offered a relatively good health care, not only to its citizens, but also to... more

The topic of this study is representations of lancet or phlebotome in frescoes and icons of Serbian medieval art. The very presence of this medical instrument in Serbian medieval art indicates its usage in Serbian medical practices of the... more

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- by Sanja Pajic and +1
  Vladimir Jurisic
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- 6
  History of Medicine, History of Medical Instruments, Medieval Medicine, Byzantine Medical instruments

In the past few decades a number of studies dealing with eighteenth-century natural philosophy in England have pointed out its inextricable links with spectacle and public display. The commodification of cultural products, which was one... more

This paper focuses on the development of the Japanese medical instrument industry from the 1880s to the beginning of the war against China (1937). Using patents registered for innovations in this industry during this period as a basis, it... more

https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/whatson/ whats-on/upcoming-events/2017/dec/designing-english). Curated by Daniel Wakelin of the Faculty of English at the University of Oxford, it is accompanied by a book of his authorship with over ninety... more

In the last thirty years, archaeological research has, together with interdisciplinary collaboration, yielded comprehensive information to reconstruct the development of care institutions from the 12th to the 19th century. These include,... more

Our study focuses on four ancient medical instruments, two of iron, from the Noviodunum-Tulcea archaeological site and two of bronze, one was from Ibida-Tulcea and the other from Tomis-Constanta. Being analyzed by SEM/EDX and μ-FTIR, we... more

For archaeological insights into daily life and health care, pharmacies, barbershops, orphanages, hospitals and public bathe prove to be instructive places and institutions. The building structures and rubbish pits as well as the... more

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- by Simone Kahlow
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- 17
  Archaeology, Medieval History, Early Modern History, Disability Studies

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- by Daniş Baykan
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- 11
  History of Medicine, History of Medical Instruments, Galen, Roman surgery

Se presenta un conjunto de instrumentos médicos y quirúrgicos romanos recuperados de la necrópolis oriental de la Osuna romana (Sevilla), conservados y expuestos en el Museo Arqueológico de dicha localidad.

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- by Julio Miguel Román Punzón and +1
  José Ildefonso Ruiz Cecilia
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- 4
  History of Medical Instruments, Roman Archaeology, Osuna, Urso

The topic of this study are representations of lancet or phlebotome in frescoes and icons of Serbian medieval art. The very presence of this medical instrument in Serbian medieval art indicates its usage in Serbian medical practices of... more

Studie byla publikována roku 1973 v knize ,,Historická geografie" (svazek 10) / The study was published in 1973 in the book ,,Historical Geography" (Volume 10).

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- by Peter Borschberg
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- 50
  History, Cultural History, Cultural Studies, Southeast Asian Studies

History of Medical Instruments

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