Funerary Monuments

Izgradnjom sinagoge Bet Jisrael, u neomavarskom stilu po projektu arhitekte Milana Kapetanovića, beogradska jevrejska zajednica početkom XX veka prihvatila je orijentalistički koncept u iskazivanju svog identiteta. Ovo je nakon Prvog svetskog rata potvrdila i izgradnjom zgrade društva Oneg šabat i Gemilut Hasidim, po projektu arhitekte Samuela Sumbula, oblikovane po istim principima. Ideja nastala i razvijana u Centralnoj Evropi, prema kojoj se jevrejski identitet, kao ne evropskog naroda, podesno mogao iskazati dekorativnim repertoarom i koncepcijama islamske umetnosti, prihvaćena je i u srpskoj sredini, pre svega od samih Jevreja koji su svoje objekte na ovaj način uobličavali.
Važan vid jevrejske vizuelne kulture, kome do sada nije posvećivana znatna pažnja, predstavljaju funerarni spomenici oblikovani i dekorisani prema principima orijentalistički shvaćene arhitekture. Ove reprezentativne grobnice nastale u prvim decenijama XX veka, na sefardskom jevrejskom groblju u Beogradu, svedočanstvo su prihvatanja i aproprijacije ovih ideja u privatno-javnoj sferi, kakva je prostor jevrejskog groblja. Grobnice porodica: Talvi, Alkalaj, Mošić i de Majo, jasno su orijentalistički koncipirane, bez paralela u dotadašnjoj praksi niti širim tokovima funerarne arhitekture na prostoru Beograda. Razmatranje pomenutih grobnica, doprinosi boljem razumevanju veze orijentalizma i iskazivanja jevrejskog identiteta, kao i prihvatanju ovih koncepata od strane istaknutih beogradskih Jevreja.

This paper reviews the evidence for Neolithic burial practices in SE Arabia, focusing in particular on sites in the Ja'alan region of eastern Oman. Attention is given to the nature of material buried with human remains, including jewellery and, most interestingly, the bones and shells of green turtles in the burials of Ra's al-Hamra 5 and 10. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possible evidence for "necrophobia" at the 5 th millennium BC Neolithic necropolis of Suwayh 1.

ANDRONIKOS, Manolis; Vergina: The royal tombs and the ancient city; Athens, Ekdotike Athenon S. A., 1989, 244 pp., 28 cm. [ISBN 9602131284] Si hay algo que despierta la imaginación de los aficionados a la Historia y, más si cabe, de los profesionales que se dedican a ella, son los grandes descubrimientos arqueológicos. Los más importantes, hasta la fecha, se han realizado hace tanto tiempo que las publicaciones surgidas a su amparo abundan en cantidad y calidad; sin embargo, aún quedan hallazgos que, por la importancia de los personajes asociados a éstos, siguen cautivando a quienes están convencidos de poder desvelar sus secretos al resto de la humanidad. Hasta hace pocos años, uno de ellos era la supuesta tumba de Filipo II, hijo de Amintas, el más importante gobernante macedonio de la Antigüedad tra su propio hijo, Alejandro el Grande. Su supuesta morada fue descubierta por Manolis Andronikos, en 1977, cerca de la antigua capital macedonia de Egas, en la actual pequeña población de Vergina, situada en la región de Imathia, Macedonia Central.

There was nothing second-rate about the English way of war in the Late Middle Ages, argues Tobias Capwell, Curator of Arms and Armour at London’s Wallace Collection, in a major new study published late last year. The early 15th-century English warrior was at the forefront of military innovation. And the key to success was combined-arms tactics.

"This special issue of "Patrimonio Histórico" (Historical Heritage), the bulletin of the Andalusian Historical Heritage Institute, brings together a series of contributions aimed at disseminating the concept of megalithic heritage among cultural and historical heritage specialists. It provides a general overview of the basic themes involved in today's research of the megalithic phenomenon (section "ideas, theories, problems"), the main methodological innovations the field has experienced in recent years ("sciences, methods"), the public perceptions involved ("perceptions") as well as a series of major megalithic sites of southern Iberia ("sites, interventions, management")."

The megalithic phenomenon is one of the most exciting subjects of study in prehistory. The practice of monumentalising places of special significance by erecting large stones started during the Neolithic period, approximately 10.000 years ago. On time, it acquired such a social and ideological depth that it became one of the most geographically and temporally widespread cultural phenomena ever known in Europe. In Andalusia,  megalithic sites and landscapes express themselves with great richness and diversity, representing an exceptional source of scientific information for our understanding of our forebears’ ways of life, as well as a unique and beautiful historical legacy. This book combines the contributions of various university professors, who bring us up to date with their research, with excellent photographic illustrations and, for the first time, reflects the spread of this cultural phenomenon throughout Andalusia. It is suitable for both those who wish to deepen their knowledge of this professional specialisation and those who seek the pleasure of a satisfied interest.

Around eighty Scottish Lowland effigies dating from the fifteenth century survive. Of these, thirty-five represent men in full plate armour. The group of three armoured effigies in the Kirk of St. Nicholas, Aberdeen, should be considered one of the most significant single collections of the art-form remaining in Scotland.

This paper is part of a master’s thesis research about the significance and the expressive value of the Šempeter necropolis in this day and age. The monuments belonged to renowned families of the former Noricum leading part of the Celtic society, which in the time of the new roman government from Claudius’ regulation of the Noricum province around 45 AD, has successfully adapted to the new circumstances. The paper analyses the expressive elements of the Šempeter monuments, which lead to conclusions about: (1) The socio-economic position of the owners, (2) their appearance, (3) the relations between the families and (4) their fear of death.

The funerary monument of the tumulus Stenomakri Toumba at Vergina: tracing the form, the space and contingencies in the necropolis of Aegae in the 4th c. BC.
The "Stenomakri Toumba" is an oblong burial tumulus that covered three elite burials dated approximately in the middle or early third quarter of the 4th century BC. The most prominent component of the assemblage, apart from the mound itself, would be the rectangular monument (10.80 x 2.75 m) made of poros and limestone. The foundation and two courses of the krepis are preserved, plainly decorated with recessed bands. The discovery of an one meter high marble volute krater deposited inside the foundation after the mid-2nd century BC destruction in the years of the Roman conquest, in combination with a marble lion paw found in the fill of the tumulus furnishes valuable indication about the decoration of the funerary monument.
In order to integrate this monument in the tombscape, not only of Aegae, but also of Macedonia in general, it is methodologically essential to seek similar structures. The so called Herron in the Great Tumulus in Vergina as well as monuments in Pella, Rachona and Tragilos are deemed to be the closest parallels –although each one is characterised by distinct particularities. The study should also include the monuments in the royal necropolis at Aiani, while there are interesting similarities with funerary constructions of commemoration in Thrace and Western Greece.
The concluding paragraph incorporates the funerary monument of Stenomakri Toumba in the setting of the necropolis and the cityscape of ancient Aegae. Its dating coincides with the emergence of the Macedonian type of graves and the ambitious building program of the palace, the theatre and the sanctuary of Eukleia. Taking all this into account we gain insights in the society of the period; for instance, we become aware of the mechanisms of collective memory, perception of the landscape and personal promotion.

Филолошко-уметнички факултет крагујевац СрпСки језик, књижевноСт, уметноСт зборник радова са IX међународног научног скупа одржаног на Филолошко-уметничком факултету у крагујевцу (24-25. X 2014) књига III Уметничко наслеђе и рат & Музика и Медији ПРОГРАМСКИ ОДБОР Међународног научног скупа Српски језик, књижевност, уметност Председник програмског одбора проф. др иван коларић, декан Потпредседници програмског одбора проф. др милош ковачевић проф. др Драган Бошковић Чланови програмског одбора Доц. др никола Бубања, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац Доц. др владимир поломац, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац Доц. др Часлав николић, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац проф. др Бранка радовић, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац Доц. др Сања пајић, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац проф. др Божинка петронијевић, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац проф. др Анђелка пејовић, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац проф. др мирјана мишковић Луковић, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац проф. др катарина мелић, Филолошко-уметнички факултет, крагујевац проф. др персида Лазаревић ди Ђакомо, универзитет "Г. д Анунцио", пескара, италија проф. др Ала татаренко, Филолошки факултет универзитета "иван Франко", Лавов, украјина Доц. др зринка Блажевић, Филозофки факултет, загреб, Хрватска проф. др миланка Бабић, Филозофски факултет универзитета у источном Сарајеву, Босна и Херцеговина проф. др михај радан, Факултет за историју, филологију и теологију, темишвар, румунија проф. др Димка Савова, Факултет за словенску филологију, Софија, Бугарска проф. др Славка величкова, Филолошки факултет, универзитета "пајсије Хиландарски", пловдив, Бугарска проф. др јелица Стојановић, Филозофски факултет, никшић, Црна Гора издавање овог зборника финансијски је подржало министарство просвете, науке и технолошког развоја републике Србије.

Bei den Arbeiten zur Anlage der neuen Philharmonie wurde am Kölner Rheinufer ein Fundament freigelegt, das in der späteren Kaiserzeit einem größeren Bau zu gehörte1. Es bestand aus einer beachtlichen Zahl von Blöcken. Sie alle stammten bis auf eine Architravver kleiduni zur Verkleidung von Grabanlagen außerhalb der antiken Stadt, die zur Errichtung neuer Bauten abgebro chen wurden oder deren Material man deponiert hatte und nach Bedarf wieder verwendete. Daß bei der Wie derverwendung der Stücke eine Auswahl nach geeigne ten Blöcken getroffen wurde, belegt u. a. das Fehlen be stimmter Teile, z. B. von Säulentrommeln, von Säulen kapitellen und von Gesimsen3, die wegen ihrer zylindri schen Grundform oder wegen überhängender Partien für einen festen Fundamentverband nicht geeignet wa ren. Bezeichnenderweise wurden die runden Flächen an Blöcken begradigt\ an den Gebälken hat man die vor stehenden Trennornamente zwischen Architrav und Fries entfernt5 und einzelne Blöcke sind sogar paßgenau zu recht geschlagen worden6• Den Blöcken kommt für das Verständnis der Bau tätigkeit im Umfeld des oppidum Ubiorum zentrale Bedeu tung zu, weil sie trotz ihrer willkürlichen Auswahl einen Einblick in den Bestand an Grabmonumenten vor den Toren der Stadt geben. Für das Fundament am nördli chen Ende der ehemaligen Rhei n insel werden vorwie gend Monumente an den Ausfallstraßen Kölns abgetra gen worden sein. Zahl und Eigenart der dort faßbaren Monumente erlaubt mit Einschränkungen Rückschlüsse auf das Gesamtbild und die Entwicklung vor allem der Mausoleen. St. Neu hat in dem erwähnten Beitrag schon die wesentlichen Aspekte hervorgehoben, vor allem die große Zahl an Bauten, die sich in ihrem Typus deutlich unterschieden. Paui Zanker zum 7. Februar 2003 An dieser Stelle sei das von ihm skizzierte Bild um einige Bemerkungen ergänzt, die es erlauben, von einzel nen Monumenten eine konkretere Vorstellung zu gewin nen, bzw. sie genauer zuzuordnen, und damit soll insbe-1 Für Hinweise, die Überlassung von Abbildungen und Publi kationserlaubnis von Photos danken die Autoren

Tipologie e significati del monumento funerario nella città ellenistica. Lo sviluppo del naiskos di Enzo Lippolis Per ricostruire lo sviluppo del monumento funerario ellenistico è necessario analizzare in maniera approfondita soprattutto la documentazione del IV secolo a.C., senza dubbio il momento formativo fondamentale per questo genere costruttivo, il periodo in cui si definiscono architetture, linguaggio espressivo, tradizione iconografica, in sintesi aspetto e significato sociale dei semata. Proprio su questa fase, quindi, è importante concentrare l'attenzione, studiando soprattutto la situazione di Atene, che costituisce senza dubbio il centro maggiormente coinvolto nell'elaborazione del fenomeno. Considerando inoltre l'estrema varietà delle tipologie e la loro complessa vicenda formativa, è opportuno approfondire un caso emblematico, quello del monumento ad edicola su podio, la realizzazione forse più significativa e più ricca di soluzioni architettoniche, che mostra, inoltre, anche la maggiore continuità, con varianti costruttive e formali che giungono fino all'età imperiale romana.

Inside the cataloguing project EDR (Epigraphic Database Roma) an extensive research has been carried out this year on all the stone inscriptions – mostly gravestones – pertaining to the Roman army in Aquileia. More correct readings of the texts and observations about carved monuments (as to their iconography and typology) are enabling us to improve our understanding of the military presence in that city. Using selected examples offered by this revised data, some issues of general interest will be addressed.
The local stone carving production made available generic forms for tombstones. Thus, the social status and ethnic origin of the clients is concealed to some extent behind these generic forms and epigraphic formulas. In several cases, however, more precise information about the soldiers concerned – legionaries, auxiliaries and seamen –, their ranking, tasks in Aquileia and social advancement can be identified. For instance, the client’s origin and corporate identity affect sometimes markedly the choice of the monument, its decoration as well as some expressions of the epitaph. In the paper are also considered some important issues about the reasons of military deployment in Aquileia and its territory, not only during circumscribed military emergencies (e.g. during the Marcomannic wars and AD 238), but also over longer periods of time.

Commemorative stone monuments called runestones stippled the landscapes of medieval Scandinavia. Their upright forms distinguished them from surrounding objects and, occasionally meeting or towering over viewers, prompted anthropometric encounters. Perplexing inscriptions that remembered the dead or fixed enchantments to a state of permanence were carved into their surfaces, enlivened further by images of strange, mythic beasts and curious masks that gazed back at viewers. Despite nearly four centuries of scholarly inquiry, these characteristics remain obscure and beguiling. What modes of thinking produced such objects? What did their bodily qualities and ethereal carvings mean to viewers? This article aims to place runestones back within the magical culture that produced them by considering their supernatural dimensions: innate corporality, potential for cosmic agency, and connections to the practice of sorcery.

We can try to imagine what an ancient traveller could have seen on reaching the city of Rome while walking along the via Tiburtina or the via Labicana-Praenestina. He would have appreciated the multifunctional landscape of the south-eastern Esquiline, where giant aqueducts, extended necropolis and monumental tombs shared borders with lavish gardens. This paper focuses especially on the highly debated issues concerning the topography, archaeology and history of the horti Tauriani, Pallantiani and Epaphroditiani, which embellished this area between the beginning of the Empire and the 1st century AD. It is crucial to analyse the coexistence here between public infrastructures, tombs and private estates owned by emperors’ trusted men and freedmen, in order to define their boundaries and interrogate their topographical interactions. It is also important to investigate the spatial and functional relationships between the limits of the urban space of Rome and the development of this area of transition between the city and the countryside. The ultimate goal is to emphasize the economic, political and ideological significance of this strategic area, thus investigating the importance of the urban sprawl of the ancient city for the development of this landscape located at the periphery of Rome.

The paper discusses left part of the military stele which was found during the archaeological excavations at the site Kapitul. The inscription
commemorated a soldier from the legion XI Claudia pia fidelis. His name is unknown, but from the inscription we know that he was from Forum Iulii and that he has served in the centuria of certain Caecilius. The monument was set up by Quintinus, for who is believed to be an optio in the same legion. Along with this inscription, in the same excavations was found an upper right fragment of a military stele, which might have belonged to the same monument.

Die mittel- und spätkaiserzeitlichen Grabstelen aus Aquileia haben in der bisherigen Forschung wenige Beachtung gefunden. Es handelt sich dabei um rund 130 Exemplare, die meistens weder für ihr künstlerisches Niveau noch für den Inhalt ihrer Inschriften besonders auffallen. Bei einer Gesamtschau kann man jedoch vielerlei Informationen über die Gliederung ihrer Typologie, die Arbeitsweise der Werkstätten und die betreffenden Gesellschaftsgruppen, die diese monumentale Gattung verwendeten, in einer diachronischen Perspektive gewinnen.
Die systematische Klassifizierung von sieben Stelentypen hat ermöglicht, verschiedene fragmentarisch erhaltene Exemplare den jeweils entsprechenden Typen zuzuschreiben. Für den Zeitraum vom 2. bis zum 4. Jh. n.Chr. kann man einige allgemeine Tendenzen beobachten: U.a. den Schwund des pseudoarchitektonischen Aufbaus und die völlige Überwindung der republikanischen Tradition der Bildnisse, die Verbreitung der sog. Mikroskulptur, die typologische Verbindung der Stelen mit den norditalischen Sarkophagen, die Vorliebe für den lokalen Kalkstein, die zunehmende Wiederverwendung von älteren Denkmälern.