Enviromental Health

The CHMM Exam - Essential Practice by Farcas, Hammond, and Cena is, as the name implies, an essential set of questions for the Certified Hazardous Materials Manager exam. This book is well laid out in 14 sections. It draws the reader in, which certainly assists with the increased retention of the amount of material that has to be covered. The questions are well introduced with a short narrative before introducing the pertinent equations and solution to the over 450 examples of essential questions. The book serves as a formidable preparation for the CHMM exam and a good review of basic principles, a reference for many of the day-to-day technical issues confronting the practicing worker’s safety, and a guide for raising awareness of potential problems for which alert action is required. The authors bring a breadth of experience and insight into the issues handled in the text. They bring context to the basic principles to be highlighted by the examples of the questions and their solutions. CHMM Exam - Essential Practice should be a must-have text for everyone in the field. Michael McCawley, Ph.D., West Virginia University.

In Malawi,Lilongwe water Board is a major supply of water to different urban locations. Dirty water abstracted is converted into clean and portable water by physical,biological and chemical processes. Lilongwe water board disinfect the water by chlorination. Different tests are carried out every 3hrs to implement HACCP and ensure safe water to people.

Vina Rizki Wartina "The effectiveness of coconut shell active carbon and mahogany fruit peel (Swietenia mahagoni) active carbon to reduce phosphate concentrate from laundry liquid waste (ade Rahmad Firdaus, SKM., MPH as adviser 1, Siswanto, S.Pd., M.Kes as adviser 2)".

Nuklir merupakan energy yang diperoleh dai perpecahan dua inti atom yang tidak stabil memecah menjadi dua inti atom yang lebih kecil. akibat dari reaksi ini adalah dilepaskan sinar gamma dalam bentuk energi panas. Diantara pro dan kontra, energy nuklir dinilai erupakan salah satu solusi karena tingkat emisi CO2 yang rendah. Memperhatikan kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat dan keadaan geografis Indonesia maka belum waktunya penggunaan nuklir sebagai pembangkit lintrik di Indonesia

En este momento Colombia tiene un gran reto frente a la polinización puesto que es uno de los países más biodiversos del mundo, lo que hace que se genere una relación estrecha de polinización entre muchas plantas y polinizadores. Esa relación tan estrecha entre las plantas con sus polinizadores hace que tengamos ecosistemas saludables que generan así bienestar humano a través de las contribuciones de la naturaleza.
Colombia es un país eminentemente agrícola, con cultivos de pancoger hasta cultivos tecnificados. En las distintas regiones agroecológicas del país se cultivan ají, algodón, berenjena, cacao, café, calabaza, caucho, cebolla, especies maderables, flores, diversos frutales, fríjoles, hortalizas, maíz, melón, mijo, ñame, pastos, pepino, pimiento, plátano, sandía, sorgo, yuca, zapallo, entre muchos otros. Cultivos tecnificados como aguacate, banano, café, cacao, caña de azúcar, limón, mandarina, naranja, palma aceitera, papa, soya, tomate. Acerca de estos cultivos se tiene mucha información sobre sus técnicas de manejo, requisitos agronómicos, control de plagas, técnicas de cosecha y postcosecha, quizás algo de la biología floral y la fructificación, pero poco acerca de sus agentes polinizadores y el proceso de polinización. Generalmente se usa Apis mellifera para cubrir esas necesidades, pero sin mayor información de cuáles son los polinizadores más efectivos para los diversos cultivos.
La necesidad de producción de alimentos para una población humana en permanente crecimiento, generó la intensificación agrícola (monocultivos), llevando a la disminución de la diversidad vegetal, incrementando el uso de agroquímicos, simplificando los paisajes y los hábitats locales y causando también la disminución de la diversidad de polinizadores.

Processing tofu business that developed in Indonesia, generally still using traditional way and hygiene and sanitation have not attention enough such as hygiene and sanitation of food handlers, food sanitation, sanitation equipment, and sanitary place. Personal hygiene among food handlers is a main risk in foodborne diseases. The purposed of this study was to analyze factors related to the food handlers personal hygiene behavior at Kalisari tofu industry in Banyumas District. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Eighty two food handlers interviewed using systematic quessionaires. Food handlers was selected by random cluster sampling. Data was analyzed in univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (Multiple Logistic Regression). Results of the analysis with the chi square test showed that there were association between knowledge (p = 0.009), infrastructure (p = 0.046), and food hygiene and sanitation training (p = 0.001) with the personal hygiene behavior of food handlers, while education (p = 0.182), length of employment (p = 0.345), and attitude (p = 0.690) was not associated with personal hygiene behavior of food handlers. Multivariate analysis showed that food hygiene and sanitation training (p = 0.024) was associated together with the personal hygiene behavior of food handlers. This study suggested to hold hygiene and sanitation training to improve personal hygiene behavior food handlers.

A lo largo de la historia las dioxinas han causao graves problemas a la salud y al medio ambiente.
Estas son compuestos organicos persistente, con efectos teratogénicos y carcinogénicos por lo que es necesario estabñlecer medidas para su regulación y control.

Limbah merupakan hasil sisa dari sebuah proses yang tidak dapat digunakan kembali, apabila limbah ini terlalu banyak di lingkungan maka akan berdampak pada pencemaran lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar. Limbah dibagi menjadi dua bagian sumber yaitu limbah yang bersumber domestik dan limbah non-domestik. Bahan-bahan yang termasuk dari limbah memiliki karakteristik diantaranya adalah mudah meledak, mudah terbakar, bersifat reaktif, beracun, menyebabkan infeksi, bersifat korosif dan lain-lain.
Salah satu industri yang erat hubungannya dengan masalah lingkungan adalah industri karet. Kebutuhan bahan baku karet tersebut dipenuhi oleh petani karet berupa bahan olah karet berbentuk kepingan atau batangan balok, dari proses pengolahan karet tersebut menghasilkan limbah cair yang banyak mengandung senyawa organik. Pengendalian pencemaran yang ditimbulkan oleh limbah karet perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius untuk dipelajari dan diteliti agar tingkat pencemaran limbah yang dibuang keperairan berada dibawah baku mutu lingkungan (BML) yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini memerlukan penanganan yang terpadu antara pihak pemerintah, industri dan masyarakat, juga diperlukan teknologi pengolahan limbah karet yang murah dan mudah dalam penanganannya, seperti melalui proses aerasi dan koagulasi.

PENGARUH AIR LINDI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR SAMPAH
TERHADAP KUALITAS SUMBER AIR BERSIH DI SEKITAR
KAWASAN TPA
(Penelitian di TPA Ratahan II Desa Rasi Kecamatan Ratahan Kabupaten
Minahasa Tenggara 

TUGAS PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH

Oleh:
Darell Joshua Nathanael Mawitjere

Klor, 7A grubunda bulunan hafif, keskin kokulu, yeĢilimsi sarı renkli, tahriĢ edici ve zehirleyici bir gazdır. Havadan 2,5 kat ağır olan klor ilk zamanlar bir bileĢik olarak kabul ediliyordu. Klor ilk olarak 1774 yılında Carl Wilhelm Scheele tarafından keĢfedildi.1810 yılında ise bugünkü ismi Humphry Davy tarafından verildi. Klor, ilk defa I. Dünya

ABSTRACT
The subject of this diploma thesis is the influence of the cruise -as a type of mass tourism- on the port of Piraeus in public health. The port and the city of Piraeus are historically closely linked. The port authorities of Piraeus are interested in acquiring new functional land at the expense of both the city and the sea. The Piraeus Port Authority, a Chinese company, promotes the expansion of the cruise port to the coast of Piraiki, causing the reaction of the Piraeus Society for various reasons, including environmental issues, which are being considered in the present study.In accordance with international principles of law, UN and EU principles, development and sustainability are equal terms. However, in the case of the expansion of the cruise to Piraeus, the development of the tourism industry is planned at the expense of local society and public health. Existing cruise piers are located within settlements next to schools and playgrounds and no necessary tourism capacity studies have been done for the city to check if there is adequate infrastructure to support the rapid growth of tourists caused by the expansion of the port in Piraiki. Also, Piraeus is considered a champion in pollution rates among Greece and Europe, and the increase in cruise ship traffic will further exacerbate the situation due to the uncontrollable spills they emit. With the expansion of the port, the acquisition of a new land of 133 acres is being planted at the expense of the sea, resulting in the deterioration of the natural, social and cultural environment. More specifically, the present study examines the sea and air pollution
[17]
related to the cruise extension. In the research questionnaire the participating inhabitants of Piraeus are placed against the expansion and prioritize the pathogens of the city and their concerns. However, the major issues of both the research of environmental determinants of health in Piraeus and the planning and implementation of Public Health programs to prevent and promote the health of vulnerable groups and the population of the city remain open. Key words : port of Piraeus, cruise, tourism ,sustainable development ,environment, public health

De acuerdo con lo señalado en la Ley 165 de 1994, por Biodiversidad se debe entender a la variabilidad de organismos vivos de cualquier fuente, incluidos entre otros, los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos y otros ecosistemas acuáticos, y los complejos ecológicos de los que forman
parte, comprendiendo la diversidad a nivel de ecosistemas, poblaciones, comunidades, especies y genética.
Una de las principales causas de pérdida de especies de la biodiversidad colombiana, adicional a los procesos de destrucción de los hábitats en los diferentes ecosistemas colombianos por procesos antrópicos inadecuados
(crecimiento urbano, actividades sectoriales (vías, minas, hidrocarburos, puertos, energía, agrícola, pecuaria, servicios públicos) y la presencia de invasión de especies foráneas, es el tráfico ilegal de especies silvestres.
Consciente de esto, dentro de los lineamientos de política formulados y puestos en marcha desde el 2002, por el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, para atender la problemática del tráfico ilegal de especies silvestres en el país, se encuentra la “Estrategia Nacional
para la Prevención y el Control del Tráfico Ilegal de Especies Silvestres”, a través de la cual se espera identificar, priorizar, orientar, coordinar, articular y ejecutar acciones encaminadas a la disminución del tráfico ilegal
de especies silvestres y a la generación de alternativas productivas sostenibles, que reduzcan la presión sobre las especies afectadas y promuevan su conservación, a partir de vínculos efectivos de coordinación entre las diferentes instituciones y demás actores directa o indirectamente responsables de la gestión ambiental.

Conference Theme Mother Earth, Mother Africa and Theological/Religious/Philosophical/Cultural Imagination As the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians celebrates thirty years of existence and impressive productivity, the fifth continent wide conference shall be held in Gaborone, Botswana in July 2-5, 2019. Given that the land is often constructed as female gendered and the oppression of women is interlinked with the oppression of the Earth; and given that it is widely acknowledged that we live in the era of global warming-which is humanly induced and of which many have also linked with anthropocentric religious/cultural/theological perspectives-the conference theme calls for research papers that interrogate the link between gender, land, race, class, colonialism, globalization and environmental sustainability. Research papers that are using various methods and theories; drawn from diverse religious, cultural, philosophical and theological traditions, are solicited to investigate the intersection of gender, religion and the environment, while analyzing the relationships between women and the land, herein past, present and future. Researchers may seek to describe, expose, interpret, reinterpret, theorize, reimagine the link between gender, religion and Earth oppression as well as propose liberating perspectives from traditions and sources of their choice such as African oral cultures, Quran, Bible, African creative works, World Religions, amongst others. Several volumes will be published, following the conference, as it is expected that contributors will receive and integrate constructive feedback from conference participants and through the process of peer reviewing. Interested researchers are invited to submit abstracts from any one of the following sub-themes:

Resumen. Se presenta un compendio de experiencias relacionadas con el estudio, investigación y aplicación, durante varios años, de diversas técnicas relacionadas con el arte y la cultura, en poblaciones tanto de niños como de jóvenes y para prevenir aspectos relacionados con la violencia en Baja California, México. Entre los procedimientos abordados se encuentra la cinematerapia, utilizada tanto para advertir sobre el maltrato hacia el medio ambiente, como para combatir la violencia escolar (bullying) y la del noviazgo. Así como otras modalidades aplicadas a jóvenes con fines preventivos y educativos. Palabras clave: Arteterapia, prevención de violencia, México, cinematerapia. [en] Art that heals: implementation of technical vs. violence. Experiences in Baja California, Mexico Abstract. It presents some experiences of the study, research and application for several years of various techniques related to art and culture in populations of both children and young people cases, to prevent violence in Baja California, Mexico-related aspects. Were selected as samples, the application of the cinematherapy to save the violence against the environment, the fight against school violence (bullying) and dating, as well as other techniques applied in young people for precentive and educational purposes.

Nigeria being a developing economy is heavily dependent on hydrocarbon as a source of energy with resultant implications unquantifiable. In fact, man is actively involved in the pollution of the atmosphere due to actions like waste burning, deforestation, oil mining, fossil burning, waste dumping etc., the environment undergoes several negative changes ranging from global warming to climate change down to environmental pollution and desert encroachment. This paper reflects on the effects of waste in the environment from the legal perspective focusing mainly on the implications of environmental pollution on the basic rights of the Nigerian citizen and evaluation of Nigeria's existing regulatory approach to environmental pollution. Furthermore, it beckons on the need for individuals, government and corporate entities to embrace the idea of recycling as a means of controlling environmental pollution as well as serve as a source of economic development. Hence, the paper seeks for the control of environmental pollution most especially through recycling.

Este trabajo ha sido realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Salud dentro del marco del eje 10 de la reforma de Salud (Salud Ambiental), como una medida de prevención de las
intoxicaciones ocupacionales por parte de los agricultores en el manejo de plaguicidas,de las intoxicaciones accidentales que sufre la población agrícola en general y de lacontaminación del medio ambiente.
Los plaguicidas son insumos que han permitido el desarrollo de la agricultura, desde mediados del siglo XX. Estas mejoras agrícolas han conseguido mitigar en parte el crecimiento de la demanda alimentaria que ha supuesto el incremento de población durante el siglo XX, que paso de 1,650 millones a 7,502 millones en siglo XXI. Los plaguicidas junto con los fertilizantes han permitido obtener mayor rendimiento en la
producción agrícola sin la necesidad de incrementar la extensión del terreno agrícola con la misma proporción que el incremento de población.
En los países en desarrollo la implementación de los plaguicidas junto con otros insumos agrícolas debe de realizarse conjuntamente con programas de transferencia de tecnología y conocimiento para que esta sea eficaz y no implique graves riesgos a la salud humana y al medio ambiente. Sin embargo en la mayoría de países en desarrollo, los plaguicidas inundaron el mercado pero las otras
alternativas solo se implementaron parcialmente. En la mayoría de estos países la incorporación de los plaguicidas ha tenido un éxito a corto plazo, sin embargo se ha visto que el uso de éstos insumos sin la debida capacitación ha perjudicado a las poblaciones rurales a corto, mediano e incluso a largo plazo, convirtiendo estas sustancias en una amenaza a la salud humana y ambiental.
Según la Organización Internacional de los Trabajadores, la agricultura es uno de los tres sectores productivos (junto con la minería y la construcción) más peligros que entrañan
a los trabajadores. Las tasas de mortalidad agrícolas se han mantenido altas en la última década en comparación con otros sectores en los que la tasa de accidentes mortales ha disminuido en general. Millones de trabajadores agrícolas terminan gravemente heridos en accidentes de trabajo con maquinaria agrícola o envenenados por plaguicidas
y otros productos agroquímicos. El trabajo agrícola, en general, es de tipo físico. Esta situación es especialmente alarmante en los países en vías de desarrollo en donde muchas veces la dureza de las condiciones laborales hace que el riesgo sea mucho más alto. El cansancio, herramientas mal diseñadas, las características del terreno, la exposición a condiciones climáticas extremas, la mala salud del trabajador junto con el trabajar y vivir en comunidades remotas y rurales en donde hay solo un acceso parcial a los servicios básicos hace aumentar el riesgo.
El Salvador es un país en desarrollo cuyo principal sector económico es el agropecuario, y como otros países de la región los agricultores están sometidos a unas condiciones
laborales muy duras, largas jornadas extenuantes, altas temperaturas, mecanización escasa, uso de grandes cantidades de plaguicidas tóxicos, etc.
En general la población agrícola de El Salvador tiene un nivel de educación bajo y con capacitación escasa o nula en muchas de las tareas que implica la agricultura moderna, especialmente en el uso y manejo de sustancias tóxicas como los plaguicidas. Esta falta de conocimiento implica que los plaguicidas supongan una importante amenaza a la salud humana y ambiental en las áreas rurales y, en general, en gran parte de El Salvador.
El presente documento constituye una herramienta orientada al personal de salud y a otros capacitadores en áreas rurales para facilitarles la transferencia de conocimientos
sobre uno de los componentes básicos de salud ocupacional en la agricultura, el manejo correcto de los plaguicidas y, por lo tanto, disminuir la exposición que conlleva a las intoxicaciones. Además se ha anexado la traducción de un artículo científico publicado en el año 2014 en la revista Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine que corresponde a los resultados finales de una investigación sobre el uso de plaguicidas que
llevan a cabo agricultores con Enfermedad Renal Crónica en El Salvador. La investigación fue realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud de El Salvador dentro del marco de las líneas de investigación propuestas por el Ministerio de Salud.

TB is airborne disease caused by M. tuberculosis and had infected a quarter of the world's population. Indonesia had upward trend of TB prevalence at 2010-2019. Pulmonary TB cases in Serang Regency had upward trend at 2017-2019 and ranked first in the most new TB cases in Banten Province at 2019. Climate factors were one of the most important environmental factors in TB transmission. The purpose of this research was to analyze the correlation between the number of new TB cases and climate factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and sunshine duration) at 2014-2020 in Serang Regency. This research used ecological study design that have done at April-June 2021. Spearman test results showed that humidity (pvalue = 0.010; r = -0.279), rainfall (p-value = 0.004; r = -0.312) and sunshine duration (p-value = 0.007; r = 0.293) were correlated with new TB cases. Temperature and wind speed were not correlated with new TB cases (p-value > 0.05). In conclusion, humidity, rainfall, and sunshine duration were correlated with new TB cases.

Environmental pollution is the most challenging for global society. It is scaring issues in world heritage sector because they cannot be reconstructed in certain period of time like projects, office and public place. Lumbini is the place of world heritage protected by UNESCO and it is the civilization of Nepal since 27th century. The Lumbini World Heritage (LWH) Site located in Rupandehi district of Lumbini Zone is covered within the Master Plan prepared by Kenzo Tange in 1978. The master plan covers area 1X3 sq miles (7.77 sq km) around the main archaeological remains. The rapid and uncontrolled growth of carbon emission industries around Lumbini heritage ( 15 Km east, west, north, & south from the boundary of the core are-Lumbini Garden) and along the Bhairahwa-Lumbini Road now threatens the very existence of this World Heritage site.

A cross sectional study was done with sample size 152 within the 12 kilometer near Lumbini Protected Zone (LPZ). It was community based study and different 3 clusters were selected purposively assuming that near the highway and industry, near the industry only and far from the industry communities. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussion schedule and individual case forms were used as tools to find the result. Verbal consent was taken with
informants and concern authorities.

Within 151 households 1/5th (21%) were housewives, more than 1.3rd (38%) had health problems, 1/4th (25%) children were affected by ARI, most of the household (63%) experienced foul and pungent type of smoke by the industries, most of the HH (65%) felt that the disease pattern were increased by industrial pollution. ARI pattern was high in that community which was adjoining to the industries (11%) where far community had only 5%. Tuberculosis was 2 those communities which were near the industries and the highway and no found in the far community. disease prevalence, ARI prevalence and other lungs related diseases were more in polluted community in comparison with far from the industry and highway and there was association between those variables (p = <0001). Risk factors (kitchen fuel, ventilation etc) were not statistically significant with disease pattern. Study found that there was positive relationship with industrial pollution and disease prevalence in the community specially the respiratory disease and skin disease.

In conclusion, industries have some nominal positive impact in employment and business but terrible effects to the communities like public health, ecology, climate change and social capital and more threat to the Lumbini Protected Zone which is world heritage property for human civilization and better to transfer to another areas; making industrial corridor far from the community.

krisis air terutama disebabkan oleh kegiatan pertambangan; antara lain pertambangan batubara, pertambangan rakyat (emas dan intan) dan tambang bahan galian lainnya. Kecamatan Cempaka merupakan salah satu dari tiga kecamatan yang ada di Kota Banjarbaru, yang memiliki aktivitas penambangan Kerikil, Pasir dan lntan. Penambangan lntan merupakan tujuan utama dari aktivitas ini, sedangkan yang lainnya (kerikil, pasir dan emas) adalah sebagai hasil samping. Kegiatan ini merupakan usaha turun temurun masyarakat setempat untuk memperoleh pendapatan dan mempertahankan kehidupannya, disamping kegiatan ini sejak lama dimanfaatkan sebagai objek wisata bagi daerah setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh besaran risiko nonkarsinogenik secara kuantitatif dari pajanan logam (Hg dan Mn) melalui intake air minum pada popr-rlasi yang menggunakan air sumur gali untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari. Lokasi penelitian ini di Desa Sungai Tiung Kecamatan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, dengan subyek penelitian pencemaran logam Hg dan Mn pada air sumur gali dan penduduk sekitar tambang. Dilakukan pengambilan sampel air sumur gali pada 13 lokasi yang berada dalam radius 100 meter dari lokasi tarnbang, serta sampling air minum pada 2g Kepala Keluarga untuk dianalisis parameter fisik dan kimia termasuk logam berat Hg dan Mn. Besarnya risiko kesehatan dihitung berdasarkan intake logam dalam air dan karakterisiik penduduk seperti ukuran antropometriserta lama pajanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar logam Merkuri (Hg) tidak terdeteksi pada seluruh sampel yang diambil, sedangkan logam Mangan (Mn) terdapat pada 6 sumur gali dari 13 sumur gali yang diperiksa, dengan kadar yang bervariasi 0,01-0,06 mg/!. Karakteristik antropometri penduduk yang terpajan adalah berat badan anak (1-15 tahun) antara 8-45 kg dengan lama tinggal 1-1s tahun, sedangkan orang dewasa berat badannya antara 25-70 kg dengan lama tinggal 16-70 tahun. Besar risiko pajanan logam Mn yang dinyatakan dengan Hazard lndeks (Hl) masih aman bahkan sampai proyeksi pajanan 30 tahun yang akan dating.

Ekolojiye saldırılar sürdükçe, saldırıya karşı direnişler de sürecek ve biz yazmaya, söylemeye ve yayınlamaya devam edeceğiz.

“İnsanın canı,  acıdığı yerdedir” derler.
Türkiye'nin de canı acıyor. Ülkenin dört bir yanından feryatlar yükseliyor. Tıpkı bir canlı gibi ülkemizin canı,  can damarlarından acıyor:  Dağlarından,  derelerinden, ormanlarından,  ovalarından, tarihi ve kültürel varlıklarından,  zeytinliklerinden ve tarım alanlarından acı feryatlar yükseliyor.

Şu anda verilmiş kırk binin üzerinde maden ruhsatı var. Dağlar çığlık çığlığa. Yaşam alanlarımızı tüketiyorlar. Daha çok haysiyetli bilim insanına, daha çok hukuka-hukukçuya ve daha çok kitlesel direnişe ihtiyaç var.


Uşak Eşme'de yıllardır Kışladağ altın madenine karşı güçlü bir direniş var.
Bu mücadelenin içinden Muammer Sakaryalı haykırıyor.  Görmeyen gözler görsün, duymayan kulaklar duysun, bu siyanürle altın işleme madenci çılgınlığı bitsin istiyor.

Elimizde duyarlılığımız ve dayanışma ruhumuz var.
Duyarlılığımızı kaybedersek, bilinsin ki her şeyimizi kaybederiz.

Introduction
There is a lot of controversy surrounding the topic of global warming where some people view it as a disaster. Other people tend to shift blame to the source of information on global warming. According to them, the consequences of global warming have been overstated. Al Gore (2006) argues that global warming is an inconvenient truth; thus, the title of his book. Gore states that global warming is a planetary emergency.
“An inconvenient truth” is a unique book that comes as a paperback book with many photographs. This is one of the reasons that the author chooses to create a film about the same issue as that in the book. The film provides a sequence that is easy to follow compared to the book. Reading the book and watching the film changes the perspective of many based on the issue of global warming. In essence, global warming is not merely a science or a political issue; rather, it is an issue of morality.
Summary
In the introduction, Al Gore states his interest in the welfare of the environment and his accomplishments in the field. Here, Gore (2006) criticizes the political administration for failure to implement laws that involve environmental care. Al Gore was a former vice President of the US; thus, his arguments against the government have a solid foundation. He criticizes President Bush’s apparent lack of concern for the issue of global warming. The author then introduces his case for global warming regarding it as a threat.

Kegiatan pertambangan emas yang tidak disertai oleh legalitas dan pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai cara menambang dan melakukan proses pengolahan bijih emas yang sesuai dan tidak membahayakan akan berdampak terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan. Kurangnya pengetahuan proses pengolahan bijih emas ini membuat masyarakat menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia berbahaya dalam proses pengolahannya.Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan mineral yang ada di wilayah Desa Curug Bitung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Didapatkan 45 rumah tangga dari RW 2 sebagai sampel penelitian dengan jumlah responden 108 yang dipilih melalui multistage random sampling dengan pemilihan di tingkat rumah tangga melalui cluster random sampling. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran antropometri dan pengambilan sampel untuk melihat pola aktivitas dan laju asupan pada 16 sampel dengan hasil yang diperoleh dari uji laboratorium oleh Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Jakarta. Metode analisis mineral menggunakan metode spektrofotometri, AAS, dan instrumen ICP sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI seri 01 hingga 08). Hasil perhitungan estimasi risko nonkarsinogenik (RQ) dari tiga mineral menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berisiko dengan estimasi risiko kesehatan secara berturut-turut tertinggi pada arsen (0.4072) > kromium (0.0892) > merkuri (0.0717). Di samping itu berdasarkan perhitungan ECR dari mineral arsen diketahui bila beras dan lauk pauk memiliki potensial risiko karsinogenik dari mineral arsen lebih besar dibandingkan dengan media lain. Secara keseluruhan risiko karsinogenik secara berututan dari yang terbesar hingga terkecil adalah lauk pauk > beras > sayuran > buah > umbi > air minum.

Gold mining activities that are not accompanied by legal and sufficient knowledge about how to mine and process gold are appropriate and no harm will have an impact on the environment and health. Study process is to estimate the health risks from exposure to minerals in Curug Bitung. The method used in this research is the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL). 45 households obtained from RW 2 as a sample with 108 respondents were selected through a multistage random sampling with the election at the household level through cluster random sampling. Furthermore, anthropometric measurements and sampling to see patterns of activity and intake rate in 16 samples with results obtained from laboratory tests by the Center for Health Laboratory Jakarta. Mineral analysis method using spectrophotometric methods, AAS, ICP and instruments in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI series 01 to 08). The results of calculations estimate the risks of Noncarcinogenic (RQ) of three mineral shows results that are not at risk to estimate health risks in a row at the highest arsenic (0.4072)> chromium (0.0892)> mercury (0.0717). In addition, based on the calculation of mineral arsenic ECR known when the rice and side

Work is a central concept to understand social metabolism. Human work is the process that getting the social metabolism that creates those goods necessary for to life. The industrial revolution laid the foundation for an insurmountable contradiction between capitalism and environmental sustainability. The advance of market power over the use of natural resources to sustain globalized lifestyles is responsible for various manifestations of the ecological crisis. As in the rest of the world, in Latin America this type of economic growth has a negative impact on ecosystems in general and on biodiversity in particular. A productive structure that is extractive and intensive of natural resources that not only show its unsustainability, but also its incapability to produce development and well-being. The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the economic system&#39;s vulnerabilities on an unsuspected scale. The SDG issued in 2015, acknowledges the ecological crisis and recognition the impo...

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the habits that affects health but there is increase in number of people adapting to the habit day after
day globally and in Jos-Nigeria.
Aim of study: The study is aimed at finding out the effect of smoking on lipid profiles between smokers and non-smokers so as to provide
information for use to educate and advice smokers appropriately on the dangers of smoking.
Study volunteers and methods: A cross sectional comparative study was performed in Jos metropolis to evaluate the change in the serum lipid
profile in healthy male smokers and non-smokers subject between the ages of 15-45years. A total of 100 volunteers were selected and grouped as
non-smokers (control) and smokers. All subjects were issued with questionnaire to get the vital data of the subjects. Biochemical analysis of fasting
serum lipid profile of each group was assessed by enzymatic methods with aid of spectrophotometer.
Result: The results obtained in the research showed that smokers have the mean and standard deviation of total cholesterol, (TC), triglyceride
(TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) as 6.40±1.41mMol/L,1.90±0.66mMol/L
1.80±0.52mMol/L and 3.6±1.21mMol/L respectively whereas non-smokers have the mean and standard deviation of total cholesterol,(TC),
triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) as 3.20±0.71mMol/L,1.30±0.40
mMol/L,2.0±0.20mMol/L and 1.30±0.80mMol/L respectively.
Conclusion: The TC, TG and LDL-C of smokers were greater than those of non-smokers, showing a significance at P<0.05 but the HDL-C of
smokers were less than that of non-smokers. Cigarette smoking induces alterations in serum lipid levels in direction that increases the risk of
coronary heart disease. The youths should be educated on the health implications of cigarette smoking for a healthy society and environment.

Today, railway operation procedures include the transportation of large amount of hazardous substances. Our research has been motivated by the desire to find concrete and urgent solutions to the safety issues of handling waste generated manly in case of accidents and disaster situations during the transportation of hazardous substances In order to ensure safety in the transportation of dangerous goods, and to facilitate the fast and efficient waste handling of hazardous substances released into the environment during unexpected events, we have elaborated a new method, in which we suggest the radiofrequency identification of dangerous consignments in case of disaster situations by the use of drones.

3 EÍDOS 16 2020 Resumen: El presente artículo es un ensayo sobre algunos de los retos futuros que plantea a la disciplina urbanística los efectos derivados de una pandemia sanitaria, la producida por la COVID-19, y las nuevas dinámicas y necesidades que surgirán de ella. La reflexión es fruto de la experiencia investigadora que permite entender la situación de partida y las prácticas habituales que necesitan y pueden ser reinterpretadas abriendo líneas de trabajo alternativas. El texto aborda tres cuestiones: la primera, intenta situar en contexto temporal el momento actual, para poner de manifiesto que los avances urbanos han tenido detrás la presión de la situación sanitaria de las poblaciones y cuál ha sido la respuesta urbanística. Una situación que no es nueva pero que se plantea de forma distinta. La segunda analiza los efectos a corto y mediano plazo del programa urbanístico contemporáneo que inspira el proyecto urbano y la disonancia existente entre medioambiente, sociedad y economía, mostrando los grandes damnificados, desde el punto de vista urbano y dónde centrar las medidas correctoras. Finalmente, se señalan cinco temas hacia los que orientar la investigación, la toma de decisiones y el cambio de modelo para el futuro.

This article is an essay about some of the future challenges for the urbanism raised from a sanitary pandemic, the one produced by the COVID-19, and the new dynamics and needs emerged from it. The reflection is the result on urban research experience that allows to understand the situation and the usual practices, that can be reinterpreted in the light of the new scenarios, opening new working lines. The text addresses three questions. The first one, try to place in the temporary context the present moment, to show the urban innovations that are behind the pressure of sanitary situation of the population and which has been the urbanistic answer. A situation that is not new but it has been formulated in a different way. The second analyse the effects in short and middle term on the contemporary urban program, that inspires the urban project, and the dissonance that exists between environment, economy and society, showing the most affected, from the urban point of view, by the pandemic and where to focus the corrective measures. Finally, is it possible to point out five themes where to orientate the research, the decisions to take and the model changes for the future.

Background and purpose: Safe drinking is water that does not have any chemical and microbial
contamination. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline standards for drinking water total and
fecal coliform the indicator of fecal contamination must not be detectable in any 100 ml samples. Pollution indicator
bacteria such as coliforms and fecal coliforms were enumerated using a multiple-tube fermentation method.
Therefore, this study aimed to determine the microbial quality of domestic water wells in rural areas around Sari,
Iran with most probable number (MPN) test.
Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, the microbial quality of water samples from 23
domestic water wells in some villages of Sari were randomly tested in twice to determine the presence of total coliform
(TC) and fecal coliform (FC) by the MPN. Sampling and sample transportation and sample analysis were done
according to water and wastewater standard methods.
Results: 87 and 70% of the samples presented total and fecal coliforms, respectively. Water samples of 16
wells were bacteriologically nonpotable. Besides, the results showed that the bacteriological quality of the 3 wells
was within the acceptable limits set by WHO guidelines and therefore was safe for human consumption.
Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that the level of fecal contamination in domestic water wells
was very high. The bacteriological quality of water was not according to the standard of WHO guidelines for
drinking water. Therefore, using and drinking water from domestic water wells can pose a great threat and risk of
waterborne epidemics by bacterial pathogens to the population consuming it. Water supplying authorities should
consider this situation and take measures for the provision of contamination free drinking water to prevent
waterborne disease outbreaks.

In recent years, the organic agriculture sector has developed rapidly around the world. Demand for organically produced foods is steadily increasing. It also increases the interest of governments for environmentally friendly agriculture and healthy food. In these circumstances, it is estimated that the area on which organic farming is practiced will continue to expand proving that organic farming increases natural biodiversity. Moreover, organic farming does not pollute groundwater and the aquatic environment with nitrates and pesticides: it protects the climate and it is energy efficient. This is why the authors of this article are considering the European Union's support for organic farming through the 2014-2020 NRDP.

Resumo O século XX consagrou o urbano como modo de vida, legando para o século XXI desafios complexos, dentre os quais, o da regulação acerca do lixo eletroeletrônico. No presente estudo buscamos analisar a situação do lixo eletrônico no município de Porto Velho evidenciando fatores históricos e geográficos que contribuíram para o cenário atual, bem como o ordenamento jurídico sobre o assunto. A pesquisa tem perfil qualitativo, foi desenvolvida com base no materialismo histórico-dialético e utilizou de documentos jurídicos e entrevistas como fontes. As interpretações dos dispositivos legais foram pautadas na Hermenêutica Jurídica e a análise das narrativas provenientes das entrevistas foi realizada com base na Análise do Discurso (AD). As entrevistas e imersões em campo tiveram grande significado para a conclusão do trabalho, pois possibilitaram integrar o Direito com a realidade social, evidenciando os limites de sua efetividade.

The XX century offered an urban lifestyle, giving to the XXI century multiple challenges, among which we can emphasize the legalization about the electronic wastes. The purpose of this article is to analyse the e-waste situation in Porto Velho highlighting the historical and geographical factors that have been contributing to the present scenario, including the legal system about the theme. This research has a qualitative side view, developed and based on historic-dialectic materialism and has used legal documents and interviews as instruments. All juridical interpretations were formed on Juridical Hermeneutics and Discourse Analysis. The interviews had immense significance to the conclusion of this article, as result of interaction between Right and society, highlighting limits of its consequences.

International Conference sponsored by the European Society of International Law (ESIL-SEDI), the Italian Society of International Law (SIDI-ISIL), the European Association of Health Law (EAHL), the Italian Branch of the International Law Association (ILA Italy)

PUBLIC HEALTH AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES IN HEALTH SECURITY, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND FOOD
University of Salerno (Italy), 12 December 2016

On this occasion the JEAN MONNET CHAIR IN EUROPEAN HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD SAFETY LAW (HEALTHY) - co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union - will be presented and its activities officially inaugurated.

On 13 December 2016 the kick-off meetings of the ESIL-SEDI Interest Group on International Health Law  SIDI-ISIL Interest Group on International and EU Health Law will take place in Salerno.

Over the past few years, there has been a noticeable advancement in environmental models and information fusion systems taking advantage of the recent developments in sensor and mobile technologies. However, little attention has been paid so far to quantifying the relationship between environment changes and their impact on our bodies in real-life settings. In this paper, we identify a data driven approach based on direct and continuous sensor data to assess the impact of the surrounding environment and physiological changes and emotion. We aim at investigating the potential of fusing on-body physiological signals, environmental sensory data and on-line self-report emotion measures in order to achieve the following objectives: (1) model the short term impact of the ambient environment on human body, (2) predict emotions based on-body sensors and environmental data. To achieve this, we have conducted a real-world study 'in the wild' with on-body and mobile sensors. Data was collected from participants walking around Nottingham city centre, in order to develop analytical and predictive models. Multiple regression, after allowing for possible confounders, showed a noticeable correlation between noise exposure and heart rate. Similarly, UV and environmental noise have been shown to have a noticeable effect on changes in ElectroDermal Activity (EDA). Air pressure demonstrated the greatest contribution towards the detected changes in body temperature and motion. Also, significant correlation was found between air pressure and heart rate. Finally, decision fusion of the classification results from different modalities is performed. To the best of our knowledge this work presents the first attempt at fusing and modelling data from environmental and physiological sources collected from sensors in a real-world setting.

The influence of seasonal and environmental factors on malaria parasite prevalence was investigated in Elele community, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 180 children, aged < 5years were studied and their mothers (women within the reproductive age group)were also recruited as respondents) in the Dry Season(DS) and Rainy Season (RS) respectively. Malaria parasite prevalence was significantly higher in the dry (87.2%) than in the rainy season (62.8%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between median parasite density in both seasons. Malaria parasite prevalence was higher in the individuals that had stagnant pools of water around their houses in the DS (OR = 12.9, CI= 2.8-81.7) and RS (OR= 2.8, CI= 1.2-6.3). Inhabitants of houses surrounded by bushes also showed higher malaria parasite prevalence compared with those from cleaner surroundings. Environmental sanitation was significantly associated with reduced malaria parasite prevalence (OR=4.0, CI=1.4-9.7). Anopheles funestus (92.7%) and A.gambaie (7.3%) were vectors associated with perennial transmission of malaria in the area studied with A. funestus being predominant. The unusually higher malaria parasite prevalence in the dry season may be attributed to the higher indoor resting density of Anopheles funestus in the dry season. Moreso, lack of environmental sanitation activities may be significant risk factors for the malaria parasite burden in Elele. Facteurs des saisons et selon l'environnement influençant la parasitémie du paludisme chez les enfants de moins du 5ans à Elele,dans l'Etat de Rivers, au Nigeria Abstrait L'influence des facteurs saisonniers et environnementaux sur la prévalence du parasite du paludisme a été étudiée dans la communauté Elele, dans l'État de Rivers, au Nigéria. Au total, 180 enfants âgés de moins de 5 ans ont été étudiés et leurs mères (femmes du groupe d'âge reproducteur) ont également été recrutées comme répondants) en saison sèche (DS) et en saison des pluies (RS) respectivement. La prévalence parasitaire du paludisme était significativement plus élevée pendant la saison sèche (87,2%) que pendant la saison des pluies (62,8%) (P <0,05). Il n'y avait pas de différence significative entre la densité parasitaire médiane au cours des deux saisons. La prévalence parasitaire du paludisme était plus élevée chez les individus qui avaient

In November 2008 a deadly cholera epidemic threatened South Africa. What began in Zimbabwe in August 2008 as the by-product of that country’s political and socioeconomic chaos and the ensuing collapse of effective municipal government,3 now spread to various states in southern Africa. Described as the worst outbreak of cholera in Africa in 15 years,4 it could not have come at a more inopportune time. As emergency teams began helping hundreds of cholera patients at the northernmost South African border town of Musina on 15 November,5 a vigorous public debate on the country’s water services reached a climax. There was widespread public discontent with general service delivery, especially in South Africa’s municipal government sector.6 Claims by government that it was indeed meeting its commitments to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, a global initiative to eradicate poverty, especially in the developing world,7 were openly questioned by experts as well as municipal rate...