Energy Consumption and Economic Growth

It has been suggested that Africa’s growth is principally driven by natural resource rents. This is at variance with the growth in countries such as Korea and Taiwan where productivity has been identified as the main driver. In this study, the effect of energy consumption, investment, productivity on per capita growth in oil producing African countries is examined by employing a dynamic simultaneous panel data model. The simultaneous panel data model is able to examine the three-way causal relationship between energy consumption, productivity and economic growth. The results confirm the importance of income, productivity, price and investment influence the demand for renewable end non-renewable energy. The study recommends that there should be investment in productivity to enhance economic growth and minimize energy consumption.

This paper x-rayed the emergence of coronavirus (COVID-19) disease and its impact on the current price of oil and gas products in the international market. This COVID-19 pandemic had revealed many weaknesses in the world's major global economies, and its attendant effect is conspicuously visible and cut across several institutions and industries: from the financial institutions to health, agriculture, tourism and hospitality, electricity, oil and gas. The core objectives and motivations for the study were to examine the impact of the covid-19 outbreak on the Nigerian oil and gas sector and its implications, and analyse the effects and implications of covid-19 and the resulting oil price decline on Nigeria's trade flow. The findings from the study revealed that crude oil prices had reduced to record low of $22 per barrel and this obviously has revenue impacting effects on the Nigeria economic system. Also, there is reviews of the prices of the premium motor spirit (PMS) or fuel downwards to cushion the rampaging impact of the pandemic on individual and business activities. Although the governmemt has come up with emergency policies to reduce the impact of the disease on the economy. However, the study recommends policies that are going concern in nature and a well-thought out stimulus package, which is not selective in its applications, could ensure that the Industry is able to bounce back much quicker than expected. Diversification priorities to alternative sectors such as agriculture, solid minerals, manufacturing and services sectors should be further intensified and also, the full deregulation of the downstream oil and gas sector.

Purpose-This article aims to investigate the effect of energy consumption on economic growth in Tanzania. It is a quantitative investigation that is structured by the time series data from the World Bank (WB) database which started from 1990 to 2019. The article uses variables of Energy consumption (EC) and Economic growth (GDP). The variables are measured in GDP (Constant US$) and EC (MTOE). Methodology-To obtain the significant estimated results, this study uses econometric tools for both theoretical and empirical analysis such Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test for identifying stationary and nonstationary time series data, Engel and Granger test for determination of the existence or absence of cointegration relationship, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for determining the speed of adjustment (ECT) and Classical Granger-causality test for a causal relationship between economic growth and consumption. Findings-The core findings from the study are; the cointegration relationship between Energy consumption (EC) and Economic growth (GDP), a bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption (EC) and Economic growth (GDP) in Tanzania. Therefore, the study accepts the energy feedback hypothesis that revealed to exist both a long-run effect and short-run effect between the energy consumption and economic growth in Tanzania. Conclusion-The estimated results of this study provide the information to Tanzanian policymakers with a new dimensional approach to Tanzanian economic growth through an increase in energy consumption use. Although Tanzanian government has a huge and long term sustainable project of increasing energy power by adding 2115megawatts to Tanzanian national grid using the Stigler gorge or Julius Nyerere Hydroelectric power at Rufiji River but also Tanzania should invest to the short energy projects consumptions that can facilitate and improve the economic development of domestic hoods.

Object detection is one of the major challenges in visual sensor networks (VSNs) which is set up in the monitoring applications. Many approaches proposed to solve the object detection problem in VSNs, considering diverse metrics such as reliability, energy consumption, detection accuracy and being real-time. In this paper, a survey on the object detection methods in visual sensor networks is presented for the first time. Furthermore, this paper classified the methods precisely. Two main object detection categories in VSNs that explored in this paper are conventional object detection methods and object detection approaches with the camera nodes involvement. To be more precise, presented survey promotes an overview of recent object detection methods' literature with their performance evaluation. Also, this research is challenging and the object detection issue in the visual sensor networks is open caused by differences in estimations and performance metrics. Therefore, the survey concludes with open research challenges.

This paper examines correlated variables of energy resources and growth, and their contribution in aggregate energy
consumption. Its main objective is to identify the efficacy of energy, as well as to find out to which extent an economy is based
on energy in order to extrapolate whether it is highly linked to energy-based industries or not. For this purpose, an empirical
model is regressed for the logarithmic annual stationary data of selected OIC countries over the period 1991-2010. The results
reveal that the GDP growth in Saudi Arabia has led to reduced levels of aggregate energy consumption, and does not for the
UAE in the short-run. Moreover, the economies of Malaysia and Libya are highly linked to energy use especially natural gas in
the long-run. And vice versa for Algeria and Indonesia in which the crude oil and natural gas production are not statistically
significant.

Author(s): Strbac, Goran; Wolak, Frank A | Abstract: This paper identifies the key features of successful electricity market designs that are particularly relevant to the experience of low-income countries. Important features include: (1) the match between the short-term market used to dispatch generation units and the physical operation of the electricity network, (2) effective regulatory and market mechanisms to ensure long-term generation resource adequacy, (3) appropriate mechanisms to mitigate local market power, and (4) mechanisms to allow the active involvement of final demand in a short-term market. The paper provides a recommended baseline market design that reflects the experience of the past 25 years with electricity restructuring processes. It then suggests a simplified version of this market design ideally suited to the proposed East and Western Sub-Sahara Africa regional wholesale market that is likely to realise a substantial amount of the economic benefits from formi...

Existing studies reveal opposing results regarding the economic growth and infrastructure nexus, which emanates from the differences in scale, timing and stage of development. In this paper, we explore the relationship between railway networks and real GDP controlling for energy consumption, over the period 1861–1970 in Italy. The empirical strategy uses both AutoRegressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model and the Wavelet Analysis (WA), which is able to adopt to scale and time support, thereby enabling one to escape the Heisenberg's curse. Our applied findings show that the two series are generally positive correlated (being in phase), but also that railway networks cause real value added in the long-run. Thus, through an innovative approach, we can confirm previous results in literature: in fact, railway networks represent a determinant of economic growth in the Italian case.

This paper is aimed to study the energy consumption in Indian Ferrous Foundries and to investigate measures for energy conservation. The natural sources of energy coal, oil, gas etc. are depleting fast. As per the survey conducted and reports published by several National& International agencies, the energy consumption in Indian ferrous foundries is much more above the required limits and has to be drastically reduced. This paper deals with LDO fired rotary furnace. The author conducted a series of experimental investigations on the self designed and developed ,rotary furnaces, installed at S.Harbhajan Singh Namdhari Enterprises industrial estate, Nunihai, Agra for production of cylinder heads and auto parts, and at Faculty of Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (DEI), Dayalbagh, Agra (a self deemed university.) These experimental investigations on the rotary furnaces produced excellent results, which are accrued here in. The experimental investigations revealed that by oxygen enrichment of the preheated air, the specific fuel consumption reduced by 49.87% and energy consumption by 47.14%.

The natural sources of energy coal, oil, gas etc. are depleting fast. Energy consumption is major problem being faced by the Indian ferrous foundries. “Bureau of Energy Efficiency, “The Energy Research Institute,” Govt. of India New Delhi & other International agencies has reported that energy consumption in Indian ferrous foundries is much more above the required limits and has to be drastically reduced. This paper deals with Experimental Investigations of oxygen enrichment of preheated air in LDOfired rotary furnace, for optimal specific fuel and energy consumption. The author conducted experimental investigation on oxygen enrichment of preheated air in a self designed and developed 200 kg rotary furnace in an industry. The minimum specific fuel and energy consumption of furnace when operated under existing conditions, at 2 rpm was 0.415 liter/kg or 415 liters/tone and energy consumption is 4.110 kwh/kg or 4110 kwh/tone but when operated with 6.9%oxygen enrichment of 75.3-75.4% preheated air, the specific fuel and energy consumption reduced to 0.260 liter/kg or 260 liter/tone and energy consumption reduced to 2.575kwh/kg or 257.5kwh/tone. The percentage reductions are 15.5% and 15.35% respectively. The statistical analysis has been carried out to verify the experimentally investigated results to generalize them for any size of furnace. The deviations and variations are within acceptable limits of ±5%.

The bandwidth utilization plays a vital role in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that transmits data packets from source peer to perspective destination peer without any packet loss and time delay. In a conventional system, two main features cannot be satisfied concurrently such as low delay and high data reliability and then the peer was transferred fewer data packets and it optimized with regular bandwidth rate. Moreover, the convention of bandwidth in network routers influences the quality of service (QoS). To overcome the above issues, an Efficient Reliability and Interval Discrepant Routing (ERIDR) algorithm is proposed to optimize bandwidth utilization on the router network with the help of bandwidth optimizer. The bandwidth optimizer allocates required bandwidth for data transmission to each peer simultaneously to ensure the bandwidth efficiency. The proposed design is to optimize bandwidth utilization of every peer and increase data processing via higher bandwidth rate that reduces time delay and minimizes energy consumption. The proposed method establishes a high bandwidth rate router to transmit data concurrently from source peer to destination peer (peer-to-peer) without any packet loss by initializing host IP address for every peer. Based on Experimental evaluations, proposed methodology reduces 3.32 AD (Average Delay), 0.05 ET (Execution Time), 5.44 EC (Energy Consumption) and 0.28 BU (Bandwidth Utilization) compared than existing methodologies. KEYWORDS Bandwidth Optimization, Energy Consumption (EC), Efficient Reliability and Interval Discrepant Routing (ERIDR) Algorithm, quality of service (QoS), Average Delay (AD), Execution Time (ET), and Bandwidth Utilization (BU).