Cultural History of Denmark

The present database <http://www.kb.dk/dcm/schw/preface.xq>
is the first ever, descriptive catalogue of Johann Adolph Scheibe's (1708–1776) production including his musical works – ranging from large-scale cantatas and oratorios to sinfonias, chamber music and to communal songs – translations, fiction and satire, studies on music theory, and history as well as performance practice.

The catalogue's point of departure is different from the traditional ones in that it seeks to include those musical works which apparently have not survived but for which there is clear evidence of having existed, for example represented by the large number of printed librettos. The database provides not only new information on Scheibe, the composer, translator and educator, but presents also new light on the musical life in Denmark and in particular Copenhagen during the eighteenth century.

For many years, the number of archaeological excavations in Elsinore was limited and the excavated areas small. However, from 2009 onwards, remains of an archaeologically speaking hitherto unknown quarter, the Sand, were excavated. The first part of this chapter discusses the Medieval town of Elsinore as the predecessor to the Early Modern town. The second part gives a survey of the excavations carried out in the town, concluding with the recent excavations at the Sand. The third part aims to bring the town to life through descriptions of the buildings and the interiors of the homes based on the archaeological remains, supplemented with inventories, descriptions, and comparisons with surviving buildings.
The fourth and final part aims to characterise the activities undertaken within the lost quarter, based on the archaeological remains, and drawing on the results of the analyses
of artefacts and biofacts

Våbenhvilen løb ud den 2. juli 1850, og nu valgte Preussen at traekke sig ud af krigen og slutte fred med Danmark. Slesvig-holstenerne var dermed overladt til sig selv. Fra syd rykkede den slesvigholstenske haer over Ejderen, nordfra kom den danske haer. Ved Isted faldt afgørelsen den 25. juli. 27.000 mand på slesvig-holstensk side, 37.000 på dansk side tørnede sammen i det største slag i Nordens historie. Det blev en dansk sejr, og dan-ske tropper besatte Sli-Danevirke-linjen. Flere gange søgte slesvig-holstenerne forgaeves at gennembryde den danske stilling, først 12. september ved Mysunde, derefter indtil den 4. oktober ved Frederiksstad. Den endelige afgørelse blev påtvunget udefra. I januar 1851 tvang stormagterne slesvig-holstenerne til at give op. Endelig var den danske konge herre i hele Slesvig. I den sydligste del opretholdtes en belejringstilstand frem til 1852.

In this book we examine the evidence of  ongoing ishtar cult worship involving European Royalty as seen through Marselisborg palace garden sculpture iconography. Ishtar/Asherah/Ashteroth/queen of heaven was a heathen idol goddess, worshipped in ancient Mesopotamia (babylon). Her cult worship involved licentious sexual rites, debauchery, temple prostitution and bloody (human and animal) sacrifices. The Royals and elites were often the main patrons of the ishtar cult e.g queen jezebel of the Sidonians who served as High priestess for the cult. In this exposé the bible is our exclusive reference point.

Denne tekniske rapport er den første præsentation af den nordsjællandske kulturarv i forbindelse med pilotprojektet Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland. Rapporten skal sammen med de andre tekniske rapporter, som blandt andet omhandler de landskabelige, biologiske og rekreative værdier, indgå i en samlet vurdering af mulighederne for at etablere en nationalpark med udgangspunkt i kerneområderne Gribskov og Esrum Sø.

The following article primarily analyses the operation of the Lutheran Legation Chapel during the
long-term residency of the Danish Envoy, Andreas Pauli von Liliencron, in Vienna. The targeted support
for the denominational minorities in Vienna and Copenhagen by the legation envoys caused numerous
conflicts on both sides. The ways of resolving these disputes eventually become reminders of the extraordinary
dynamism of international relations during the second half of the 17th Century.

This paper is being written mainly as a genealogy, but it does also contain much valuable information as to just why such genealogies exist and/or can be reconstructed with the right knowledge of ancient texts. It is also more evidence of the existence of a royal oligarchy which had many branches, so as to cover many geographic locations and peoples. Because we find that the Viking leaders were of ancient royal ancestry, as the rest of those who were in power and either royal or of papal families, we can better understand just why they were able to do what they did and get away with it. They were, doing publicly, what their royal ancestors had been doing (and what other royals of their time were also doing) in secret (See my work on Royal Supremacy).[I] In terms of the Viking history as it was left to us, as 'Vikings', their " history " as Viking raiders began with the attack on Lindisfarne monastery in 793 CE/AD, and ended with the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 CE/AD, when the Vikings were battling the English army, and the English army had successfully repelled them. Another thing to note, is that the Vikings are credited with various things, particularly, the discovery of America. However, there is evidence that their relatives and ancestors had already known of and visited America. And that explains just how it is that they knew where it was and how to get to it, and back. Though I have not yet written much about it (see my paper 'What Claudius Ptolemy Knew'), I have been meaning to write more about ancient world travel and the evidence that there is for it.[II] There are still a lot of people who do not want to even consider that ancient people had traveled around the world.

[Danish: 'Viking romerske herkomst'] [Dutch: 'Viking Romeinse voor ouders'] [French: 'Ascendance romaine Viking'] [Spanish: 'Ascendencia romana vikinga'] [Norwegian: 'Viking romersk herkomst'] [Portuguese: 'Ascendência romana Viking'] [German: 'Viking Roman Ancestry'] [Italian: 'Ascendenza romana vichinga'] [Swedish: 'Viking romerska anor'] This paper is being written mainly as a genealogy, but it does also contain much valuable information as to just why such genealogies exist and/or can be reconstructed with the right knowledge of ancient texts. It is also more evidence of the existence of a royal oligarchy which had many branches, so as to cover many geographic locations and peoples. Because we find that the Viking leaders were of ancient royal ancestry, as the rest of those who were in power and either royal or of papal families, we can better understand just why they were able to do what they did and get away with it. They were, doing publicly, what their royal ancestors had been doing (and what other royals of their time were also doing) in secret (See my work on Royal Supremacy).[I] In terms of the Viking history as it was left to us, as 'Vikings', their " history " as Viking raiders began with the attack on Lindisfarne monastery in 793 CE/AD, and ended with the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 CE/AD, when the Vikings were battling the English army, and the English army had successfully repelled them. Another thing to note, is that the Vikings are credited with various things, particularly, the discovery of America. However, there is evidence that their relatives and ancestors had already known of and visited America. And that explains just how it is that they knew where it was and how to get to it, and back. Though I have not yet written much about it (see my paper 'What Claudius Ptolemy Knew'), I have been meaning to write more about ancient world travel and the evidence that there is for it.[II] There are still a lot of people who do not want to even consider that ancient people had traveled around the world.

Reflections on a book by the Danish journalist Benny Siewertsen about the Frisians in Denmark. Contains an overview of the history of the Frisians in North Friesland and Southwest Jutland.

Beschouwing naar aanleiding van een boek van de Deense journalist Benny Siewertsen over the Friezen in Denemarken. Met een overzicht over de historie van de Friezen in Noord-Friesland en Zuidwest-Jutland.

Nettle fiber and cloth is heading towards recognition as a strong and useful sustainable plant fiber. Excavation of graves in Denmark has revealed the usage of nettle fiber in the Bronze Age, and during World War II nettle (Urtica dioica L.) were experimentally cultivated as crops. Although successful, the project was abandoned owing to poor harvests. The last decade’s experimental research of nettle farming in Europe testifies to the growing international demand for organic textiles. The Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) grows in forest areas. It produces a high fiber harvest and appears to have significant potential for sustainable use both locally and at the global market.

Initially written in Greek and published in the Greek monthly ‘Trito Mati’ – ‘Third Eye’ (February 1992), before my adhesion to Islam, under author’s name ‘Cosmas Megalommatis’, successively translated by me in French and published in France, and more recently translated in 1999 in English and published in various media.

At this point, I want to thank the translator for this excellent English translation. My adhesion to Islam did not make me change my approach and opinion in anything related to this subject as developed in this text.

Published in the Origin of Nations magazine, vol.3, no.3. (1999): pages 2-3, 12-20 and online:
http://www.originofnations.org/books,%20papers/Elizabeth%20II.pdf

The original Greek text can be found here:
https://www.academia.edu/49102838/Απόγονοι_των_Ισραηλιτών_οι_Βρεταννοί_

Southern Sweden, known as Skåne (Scania in English) with its own distinctive regional flag in red and yellow (see illustration) was in terms of historical memories, even language, as well as physical geography, landscape, soils, vegetation, and climate much more similar to the remainder of Denmark than to the rest of the Swedish peninsula. The present Swedish county of Scania covers around 3% of Sweden's total area (see map), but its population of 1,250,000 comprises 13% of Sweden's total and includes the country's third largest city (Malmö). Scania was actually larger in relative area and population when it was a recognizable part of the Danish Kingdom from the earliest appearance of Denmark as a unified state in the 11th century until it was annexed by Sweden in 1720 after the last of numerous wars between the two countries.

Bei dem Essay handelt es sich um eine Kurzbiographie über das Leben von Dorothea von Brandenburg. Geschildert werden sowohl ihr Leben als auch die äußeren Umstände, die ihr Handeln in einem größeren historischen Kontext aufzeigen und somit erst verständlich machen.

Uno de los ámbitos más interesantes de la ciencia moderna es la disciplina forense, a tal punto que hoy se puede investigar exhaustivamente la vida y muerte en el pasado. Así, pues, cada vez que se autoriza la exhumación e investigación de los restos de algún personaje histórico, surgen nuevas evidencias sobre su vida y, al mismo tiempo, nuevas interrogantes sobre ella, tal como acaba de ocurrir en el caso del astrónomo danés Tycho Brahe (1546 -1601), cuyos restos fueron exhumados el mes pasado de la Catedral de Nuestra Señora de Tyn, Praga, República Checa. El objetivo de su investigación: saber sí Tycho Brahe fue asesinado, como lo sugieren recientes teorías.

The article traces the history of a Danish 'Royal Emblem' (Konge Emblemet, Kongemærket) that was made to commemorate the 70th birthday of King Christian X in 1940 right before the Nazi occupation of Denmark. The paper also explores it role in the Danish resistance movement and how it is still being worn today.

The Order of Malta is the oldest and the most powerful chivalry order. Most of its activity concentrated in the Mediterranean. From the sixteenth century headquarter of the Order has been located in Malta. Rarely, however, are mentioned that the Hospitallers had their interests also in the Baltic Sea.

The author of this study shows the role of the Order of Malta which is played in the struggle for Dominium Maris Baltici in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The role of the perfect naval art of war of the Order is underlined and its impact on the Swedish and Russian navy. Special attention is given to the modification used in the Baltic Sea equipment and tactics of war, mainly galleys. Supplemented by information on naval art of war is a brief outline of the history of the Order in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Russia.

The study are based on a analyses of a correspondence between Malta, Sweden and Russia in the modern period.

Die dänische Prinzessin Alexandra heiratete im Jahr 1863 den englischen Prinzen Eduard. Mit dem Tod der englischen Königin Victoria im Jahr 1901 wurde Victoria an der Seite Eduards VII. zur englischen Königin und Kaiser von Indien.
Das Leben Alexandras zeigt zum einen, wie sich eine dänische Prinzessin in die englische Gesellschaft integrierte und zum anderen wie sie ein eigenes Interessenfeld - die Krankenpflege - maßgeblich verändern konnte.

THE GRIFUN/GRIBSHUND OF DANISH KING HANS
"King Hans’ Grifun/Gribshund is a uniquely preserved representative of the new type of carvel ship that the princes of Europe began to build in the late Middle Ages. Ships of a type similar to the one Columbus and his successors used on their voyages to America and Vasco de Gama on their voyages on the Indian Ocean...
These new European ships are, in principle, known to us so far only through a few models and depictions in the form of paintings and drawings. The investigations of the wreck outside Ronneby in the southern Baltic therefore provide a new maritime archeological insight into the understanding of how these ships were constructed and what kind of work, knowledge and resources were required to build and handle them. The objects and equipment on board also provide an insight into the world of objects and equipment with which a typical late medieval European prince surrounded himself...
Ships like Grifun were undoubtedly an important part of the modernization process and one of the factors that contributed to the change of the world at the beginning of the New Age."
Read more about this ship and the unique archaeological site in the new publication (ed. Johan Rönnby/Södertörn University):
http://sh.diva-portal.org/.../diva2.../FULLTEXT02.pdf...
ORCID-id: 0000-0002-5442-1981
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43026
ISBN: 978-91-980346-7-7

“I am a supremely complete and flawless exemplar of the race, and as a result, was also received as a precious treasure.”
On the Danish Civil Servant Poul Andræ (1843–1928), Contrary Sexuality and the Physicians
Throughout his life, the Danish jurist Poul Andræ (1843–1928) was a man of the written word. Beyond his extensive body of work as an author, he also kept diaries in which he documented the course of his emotional development as a homosexual man. It was not until 2012 that transcripts of these diaries could be analyzed by the archivist Karl Peder Pedersen, along with other materials concerning Poul Andræ within the holdings of the Danish National Archives and the Royal Library in Copenhagen. These documents allowed him to trace the man’s life journey, both internally and externally. In doing so, he shows that Andræ was a self-assured activist and an early campaigner for the interests of homosexuals. Through his efforts, Andræ kept in contact with physicians, pioneers of the homosexual movement and other like-minded people, both in Denmark and abroad. He was the first Dane to publicly speak for equal rights for homosexuals. In later years, Andræ became a member of the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (aka the WhK). Poul Andræ’s great achievement was not only in campaigning among his contemporaries for understanding and tolerance towards homosexuals – with his records, he also ensured that we now have an important primary source from the early history of homosexual identity formation.

The theater riots of november 1771 in Copenhagen were a consequence of an increasingly polarized and inflamed debate climate, which was evoked by the freedom of the press introduced by Struense a year earlier. An unprecedented and harsh theater critique launched by the only 19-year-old Peder Rosenstand Goiske made theater director Niels Krog Bredal respond with a satirical play that ridiculed the critique. The German officers stationed in Copenhagen sided with Bredal and the Danish students supported Rosenstand-Goiske.There was a physical uproar in the theater which spread to the rest of Copenhagen and at the same time a very emotional and hard-drawn debate in the newspapers and in pamphlets. In order to maintain peace and order, Police Director Bornemann had to reintroduce censorship in the newspapers and ban more verbal attacks on Bredal. Perhaps one of the reasons the situation ran out of control was that the boundary between reality and theater for the parties to the conflict became increasingly blurred. Both for those who wrote in the media and those who fought in the streets. There was, so to speak, a case of mediated reality. People behaved as protagonists in various ancient dramas. For the theater director Bredal, it ended with an abrupt awakening and a dismissal from his post.

Underwater archaeologists surveyed extensive parts of the Oresund when a bridge and tunnel between Denmark and Sweden was prepared. The search for submerged Stone Age habitation was based on a topographical model for site location presuming a close relation between habitation sites and localities well-suited for fishing with stationary devices. For the purpose of evaluating the predictive model a semi- quantitative approach for the recording of survey data is presented. The report describes the field methods, the sites visited and the find material revealed. Assemblages of lithic settlement debris are described. In a number of short chapters specialists describes zoological and botanical material and presents radiocarbon dates from the sites inspected

Danmark bryster sig af, at være blandt de første nationer, der gik op i miljøet. Men ser man på de, til tider lumre, energisparekampagner, staten iværksatte fra oliekrisen i 1973 og frem, var miljøet fraværende de første mange år. Derimod var budskabet økonomi og patriotisme.

From the mint master’s desk
Mint master G.W. Svendsen’s notes and study tour to Germany in 1836. Sources for minting tech nology and coin production in the 19th century

This article is a publication of three sources to coin production and minting technology in the 19th century. They are all related to the important Danish mint master Georg Wilhelm Svendsen (1792‑1861), who served as a mint master in Copenhagen 1831‑1861. This was a significant period with important changes in both monetary matters and minting tech nology with implementation of several new methods and machines. All three sources are notes or manuscripts kept at The National Museum of Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals.
The first one (p. 214‑27) is about G.W. Svendsen’s life. He worked in Berlin 1814‑1822, where he knew, and later worked for, G.C. Freund. The latter worked as an engineer at the Berlin Mint until he founded the important company Freund & Co., which e.g. produced steam engines and rolling works.
The second part (p. 228‑53) is Svendsen’s notes from his study tour to Germany in 1836. He saw and wrote down many details about methods and machines related to coin production. During a three months travel in summer 1836, he was able to visit many mints, and his notes contain some information about each of them. His travel route is shown on fig. 5. He
visited the mints in Altona, Braunschweig, Clausthal, Darmstadt, Dresden, Hannover, Karlsruhe, Kassel, Munich, and Stuttgart, and he also saw the large works for (precious) metals in Freiburg, Hamburg and at Rammelsberg in the Harz.
The third part (p. 253‑77) is Svendsen’s notes about the coin production at the mint in Copenhagen in the 1830‑40s. They reveal details about production volumes, organization, accounting, problems etc., and are especially important for two reasons. 1) They contain some information about the life
and processes within the mint, which are not found elsewhere in the mint’s archive. 2) The 1830‑40s was an important period in Danish monetary history with several reforms and new developments. This was part of the Danish government’s monetary policy ca. 1813‑1864, when it tried to create
a new, stable, common, homogeneous, and unifying monetary system in the entire realm (the kingdom of Denmark and the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein).

En su primera "Selva dánica" (Copenhague 1655), Bernardino de Rebolledo y Villamizar – noble, militar, poeta, erudito, diplomático y embajador español en Dinamarca entre 1648 y 1661 – narra la historia de Dinamarca desde el pasado más remoto y legendario hasta Cristiano IV (1577-1648), padre del monarca coetáneo Federico III (1609-1670). Basándose en la "Gesta danorum" de Saxo Grammaticus, entre otras fuentes historiográficas, este curioso poema tan desconocido como singular en la literatura española, revela una visión de la historia danesa como un teatro funesto en que la Fortuna representa sus tragedias; un escenario constante del horror pagano-herético sólo brevemente interrumpido por momentos de paz en períodos cortos de dominio católico. Sin embargo, aunque se muestre así su historia danesa como todo un catálogo de atrocidades y transgresiones, el Conde de Rebolledo no da por perdido la salvación espiritual de este pueblo nórdico glorioso pero también salvaje. Todo lo contrario, la otra cara de esta narración sangrienta de muertes violentas, guerras brutales, tiranos viciosos, fraticidios y patricidios es la propagación de la fé católica como el remedio que terminará, por fin, con el estado de emergencia más o menos permanente que rige en este desgraciado país luterano. Aprovecha el ministro de Felipe IV la libertad de culto otorgada a enviados extranjeros para sugerir al rey danés, a quien envia su poema, que la "temptestad procelosa" de guerras y regicidios que sacude recurrentemente su reino se calmará con sólo regresar a la "Puerta Sacra" de la Iglesia católica. En esta obra, historiografía se entrelaza con narrativa escatológica cuando hechos reales se interpretan a la luz de la historia de la salvación humana. Así, la primera "Selva dánica" del Conde de Rebolledo ofrece un testimonio fascinante de la concepción alegórica de la historia todavía corriente en el período en que escribió Nicolás Antonio su famosa "Censura de las historias fabulosas", inicio de la historiografía alumbrada y el pensamiento crítico en España.

This article explores the position of the Danish composer Carl Nielsen (1865–1931) and his first opera Saul and David (1898–1901) in the European symbolist movement of the 1890s. Through a study of Nielsen’s published letters and diary entries from the period, it is possible to present the composer’s wide interest in art and engagement with artists – both in Denmark and on his extensive European travels – at a time when symbolism was dominating the modern art scene. Furthermore, one can trace artistic strategies in Nielsen’s early work – in this case, the opera Saul and David – that correspond to different ideas of symbolism. This includes combining archaic materials with contemporary techniques, as well as creating a subjective expression through mood and simplified, non-naturalistic styles.

Until the mid-1960s the art scene in Denmark was mainly focused on Paris as the art capital of the world. Art historians, art critics and mainstream artists had little interest in American art, which was not taught at universities until the late 1970s. The American post-war avant-garde was primarily introduced to a Danish audience by artists and writers who were themselves engaged in similar explorations of new kinds of painting and sculpture, new genres like happenings, sound art, conceptual art and other kinds of cross-disciplinary and political activism. While the occasional art historical interviews and introductions to American art were mainly descriptive, the artists’ introductions and discussions were from the start informed by personal involvement, independent observation and a critical perspective that comes across in the freshness and directness of their language and evaluations.
This is why we have chosen to include a majority of texts written by artists and writers, several of whom also worked as journalists.

a s h g a t e . c o m a s h g a t e . c o m a s h g a t e . c o m a s h g a t e . c o m a s h g a t e . c o m a s h g a t e . c o m a s h g a t e . c o m © Copyrighted Material © Copyrighted Material Chapter 1 introduction: Lutheran Churches and Confessional identity andrew spicer

Abschließend ist die Frage nach der Relevanz dieses Reiseberichtes des Hans Christian Andersen — wie von Reiseberichten des 19. Jahrhunderts allgemein — für die aktuellen Entwicklungen und die Zeitgeschichte Südosteuropas zu stellen.
Diese Relevanz ist insofern gegeben, als dieser Reisebericht — wie viele andere auch — Einblicke in die Mentalität der Bewohner der beschriebenen Länder bzw. Landschaften bietet. Durch den Rückblick auf die Vergangenheit ist festzustellen, ob Bereiche der Mentalität einzelner Völker zum damaligen Zeitpunkte anders waren, und wann nennenswerte Änderungen aufgetreten sind.
Andersen hebt ausschließlich positive Aspekte bezüglich des serbischen Volkes hervor. Er zeigt sich vor allem durch die reiche serbische Kultur an Volksliedern beeindruckt.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist seine Rezeption der Grenze zwischen Orient und Okzident, die er im großen und ganzen entlang der Donau zieht. Hier wiederum hat die Entwicklung des 21. Jahrhunderts gezeigt, daß diese Grenze mit Hilfe der EU-Integration sehr wohl überwunden werden kann bzw. überwunden wurde.

In my article i discuss the various Danish-Soviet associations that existed in the interwar years; Komiteen for Hjælp til Rusland ('The Committee for Help to Russia'), Komiteen for økonomisk og kulturelt Samkvem med Rusland ('The Committee for economic and cultural cooperation with Russia'), Dansk-Russisk Samvirke ('Danish-Russian Cooperation') and Landsforbundet af Sovjet Unions Venner i Danmark ('The Association of Friends of the USSR in Denmark').
I trace their history from the humanitarian aid to the victims of the 1921 Volga Famine and show how this work turned into the founding of several friendship associations that promoted Soviet cultural diplomacy in Denmark through public lectures, concerts, exhibitions, delegation visits, library, book shop, and social events. I point out key figures and important events, and discuss their possible impact (and how the actual policies of the USSR often caused problems for the work). Finally, I argue that the work of the Friends of the USSR points forward in time to the work of Landsforeningen til samvirke mellem Danmark og Sovjetunionen ('The Society for cooperation between Denmark and the Soviet Union') during the Cold War.

This is the electronically published proceedings from the 45th symposium of NORNA (the Nordic Cooperative Committee for Onomastic Research) held in Skagen, Denmark, on 1-4 October 2014. Personal names, place-names, and urban names connected to the symposium theme "Name and name bearer" were discussed by the 25 participants from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The symposium proceedings contain 14 of the 18 congress papers.
The articles are all written in the Scandinavian languages with summaries in English (or German).

The proceedings report is edited by Martin Sejer Danielsen, Birgit Eggert and Johnny G.G. Jakobsen, and published by NORNA-förlaget, Uppsala 2016.

The New Perspectives in South Asian History series publishes monographs and other writings on early modern, modern and contemporary history. The volumes in the series cover new ground across a broad spectrum of subjects such as cultural, environmental, medical, military and political history, and the histories of 'marginalised' groups. It includes fresh perspectives on more familiar fields as well as interdisciplinary and original work from all parts of South Asia. It welcomes historical contributions from sociology, anthropology and cultural studies.

The lecture examines an early modern palampore or Indian wall-hanging, now in the collection of the Danish Design Museum. Through an in-depth analysis of the ways in which it has been used throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to illustrate historical narratives of Danish presence in Asia, I shall broaden both its historical and iconographic significance. The ways artistic practices were shaped and re-shaped by coming into contact with each other will be critically examined and basic assumptions will be investigated in order to challenge a pacifying, hegemonic and legitimizing historical narrative.