Consumer Perception

This study thoroughly elaborates on the influence of COO on consumer’s perception towards hospitality products, precisely on sanitary products. Country of origin encompass products imported from Italy and China solely. The main focus is on Jordanian consumers. It aims at studying the level of satisfaction regarding these products and the relation of the products country of origin to their standard of living and how it is conceived. Often, certain high-end products are linked with high prestigious lives and vice versa. Therefore, it has been asserted the need to conduct surveys distributed among 100 different consumers of these hospitality products in order to have a thorough finding for the reasons aforementioned. As a result, this study concludes whether consumers perceive Italian products as of a higher quality than Chinese ones due to the country of origin. Moreover, it is intriguing to fully understand the reasons for the different behaviors towards the product’s COO and its inf...

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between foreign brand name translation and product-related cues—such as physical quality, perceived origin, and brand name—on consumers’ perceived quality, price, and purchase intentions. In translations from alphabetic to character-based languages such as Mandarin, two generic methods of brand name translation are available: (1) direct translation for the meaning of the brand name and (2) phonetic translation for the pronunciation of the brand name. The results from a series of structurally related experiments designed to investigate the effects of brand name translation in a cross-cultural context indicate that for an unknown brand, a phonetic translation may be mandatory, whereas for an existing strong brand name, it may be best to retain the original name.

Store's own brands can provide important opportunities for retail differentiation if they are considered by consumers to be uniquely associated with store image. A survey of shoppers measured attitudes toward individual stores' images and store brand perceptions, as well as general attitudes toward store brands. A regression analysis demonstrates a positive relationship between consumers' perceptions of individual store own brands and their associated store's image dimensions and attitudes toward store brands in general. r

In this study, the main research purpose was to determine whether artistic components of interior design in a store lead consumers to have different perceptions of the store. There were three main research questions. The first was whether consumers perceived the artistic components in a store visually. Second, based on the first research question, this study explored whether the artistic displays at the show window, around the furniture, and around the stairs were associated with consumers' perceptions of the store as environmental-friendly. The third research question explored how the consumers' perceptions of artistic and environment-friendly components were associated with the conventional marketing performance of the store. The 2 Stages Probit Least Squares (2SPLS) method was utilized to answer the first and second research questions and the 2 Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method was utilized for the third research question. Findings indicated that consumers had significant emotional responses from seeing artistic components in a store. In addition, these perceived art elements were associated with marketing performances, including pro-environmental perception, store differentiation, brand image, and consumer satisfaction. The practical implications were included in the discussion.

Although households are flooded with information through dozens of TV channels, plenty of newspapers, journals, and radio, the public is said to be poorly informed on many important issues. For example, European consumers oppose genetically modified (GM) foodsdespite scientists and official institutions claiming those products are safe. These reactions are blamed on consumers being poorly informed.

... Buzby, JC, Frenzen, PD, Rasco, B. (2001), "Product liability and microbial foodborne illness", Agricultural Economic Report No ... Green, LR, Selman, C., Scallan, E., Jones, TF, Marcus, R., (The) EHS-Net Population Survey Working Group (2005), "Beliefs about meals eaten outside ...

Purpose-The authors' research was carried out with the aim of analyzing perception of luxury and luxury brands among an international sample of young people. Design/methodology/approach-This article was based on an empirical study among 233 respondents. First, a qualitative analysis of content using the respondents' own words was conducted. Then, to show whether there are differences between countries and significant groups of countries, an analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was performed and analyzed with Fisher F-test and post-hoc Duncan tests. Findings-Beyond the belief in the existence of two stable groups of developed and developing countries with regard to luxury, this study shows a situation that requires further analysis. The main results show some strong cross-cultural differences in the perception of luxury, which is multi-faceted as demonstrated by previous studies in this field. Research limitations/implications-Results of this exploratory study confirm that the concept of luxury presents multiple facets, and the authors' analysis provides an in-depth survey of the main categories and attributes that can be used to describe this concept. Although this study was only exploratory in nature, a number of comments can be made to highlight the congruence between the concept of luxury for young people and recent academic literature. Practical implications-To maintain their brand equity, companies in the luxury sector seek to improve their image within younger targets. Managerial implications of the authors' research indicate that international luxury companies should take into consideration the multi-faceted concept of luxury in general, but also the main differences between countries in the continuum between the "status" and "emotional" dimensions of luxury. According to the authors' research, luxury companies cannot adopt a global strategy when addressing the six countries analyzed. Some managerial recommendations are developed in this perspective. Originality/value-The additional value of this article stems from its reliance on a cross-cultural in-depth study between six countries (Italy, France, Germany, China, Japan, and USA). The balance between qualitative and quantitative techniques makes this article particularly relevant when drawing both conceptual and managerial conclusions.

To better understanding the consumer choice of functional foods, a choice-based conjoint study was carried out to investigate the influence of three non-sensory factors on consumer choice of functional yogurts over regular ones. Four attributes were considered in the conjoint study: type of yogurt (regular, enriched with antioxidants and enriched with fibre), brand (national familiar, national unfamiliar, and foreign familiar), price (low, regular and high) and claim (with and without 'reduced disease risk' health claim). Eighteen choice sets, each composed of three stimuli (regular yogurt, enriched with antioxidants and enriched with fibre and varying the brand, price and claim levels) were evaluated by 103 consumers. For each choice set, consumers had to indicate which yogurt would normally buy. A questionnaire on consumer attitude towards health and nutrition was answered by participants after the choice task. Brand, price and health claims highly significantly affected consumer choice of functional yogurts. The relative importance of brand was similar to that of type of yogurt. Therefore, results suggested that non-sensory factors such as brand and price could have an important impact on consumer perception of functional foods. The impact of brand, price and health claims was affected by consumer interest in health issues.

Purpose -The aim of the research is to explore country of origin (COO) effects among Pakistani elite consumers and to use that knowledge as an intelligence base for SMEs considering entry into Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach -The literature concerning COO effects is presented and a principle component analysis is conducted using with an elite Pakistani sample using a COO Likert type style scale that was previously used by in Uzbekistan and Poland. Findings -Four components were identified that correspond with consumers perceptions of produce attributes. The elite segment of Pakistan perceives COO image, product quality and luxurious image of product and price as distinct attributes when making a purchasing decision. This study provides a basis for SMEs to gather further detailed intelligence with regards to consumer perceptions of products and potential demand in Pakistan. Research limitations -It will difficult to predict to which other foreign market these results will be applicable to, due to different market structures, buying power, cultures, attitudes toward the product and lifestyle. Practical implications -The paper indicates a strategy that SMEs could adopt to enter the emerging market of Pakistan. Targeting the niche market of elite consumers who have strong buying power could prime the economy for future growth. Both SMEs within and outside Pakistan could take up strategies that use appropriate COO image, provided that appropriate marketing research is undertaken that produces intelligence both regarding COO image of the SMEs products and perceptions of those products' attributes in the target market. Originality/value of paper -The study explores components within a COO Likert type questionnaire with reference to an elite managerial and professional consumer group in the under researched market of Pakistan. It is argued that SMEs can use the knowledge gained as a basis for entry to new country markets.

With rapidly changing dietary environment, dietary guidelines for Koreans were revised and relevant action guides were developed. First, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee was established with experts and government officials from the fields of nutrition, preventive medicine, health promotion, agriculture, education and environment. The Committee set dietary goals for Koreans aiming for a better nutrition state of all after a thorough review and analysis of recent information related to nutritional status and/or problems of Korean population, changes in food production/supply, disease pattern, health policy and agricultural policy. Then, the revised dietary guidelines were proposed to accomplish these goals in addition to 6 different sets of dietary action guides to accommodate specific nutrition and health problems of respective age groups. Subsequently, these guidelines and guides were subjected to the focus group review, consumer perception surveys, and a public hearing fo...

From beverages to consumer electronics, marketers are using color in innovative ways. Despite this, little academic research has investigated the role that color plays in marketing. This paper examines how color affects consumer perceptions through a series of four studies. The authors provide a framework and empirical evidence that draws on research in aesthetics, color psychology, and associative learning to map hues onto brand personality dimensions (Study 1), as well as examine the roles of saturation and value for amplifying brand personality traits (Study 2). The authors also demonstrate how marketers can strategically use color to alter brand personality and purchase intent (Study 3), and how color influences the likability and familiarity of a brand (Study 4). The results underscore the importance of recognizing the impact of color in forming consumer brand perceptions.

In spite of having very good growth potential, retail in India is passing through turbulent times and therefore, differentiation becomes very essential. There are various players in apparel segment in terms of lifestyle format. These apparel players deliver almost the same thing as their competitors do. Hence, the only means of increasing footfalls and sales of the store is differentiating it in the terms of visual merchandising. The study is aimed to "find out perception of consumers for apparel retail outlet in Ahmedabad". Results reveal as to why visual merchandising is important for strategic marketing decisions to increase the sales of the stores. The study will help store managers to improvise on the dimension a particular store is weak and consequently improve the perceptions of the consumers towards the store.

Smart packaging, an emerging technology in the food packaging industry incorporates both active and intelligent technologies. Consumer demand for natural products and increasingly extended and diverse supply chains required to feed the growing global population, mean that traditional packaging is becoming less capable of meeting the functional demands placed on it. To help ensure the commercial success of proposed smart packaging technologies a thorough understanding of consumers attitudes toward them is required. Understanding the cultural, social and cognitive factors that affect acceptance will help "fine tune" smart packaging development to best meet consumer preferences and needs and ensure that communication about the technologies effectively addresses consumer concerns and educates them on the benefits. This systematic review of 28 peer reviewed journal articles summarizes the current knowledge on consumer acceptance or rejection of active and intelligent packaging, and the behavioral forces behind those attitudes. Articles containing primary data and published in the English language over the last 10 years reporting consumer responses to active and/or intelligent packaging technologies in general or to more specific technologies that achieved the functional goals of active or intelligent packaging were obtained and analyzed for themes in the qualitative data analysis software NVivo. Themes were organized into groups as to whether they identified control variables, moderating variables, barriers or motivations to purchase and the benefits of the technology. To develop a conceptual framework for understanding consumer preferences for smart packaging, the identified themes were integrated with several consumer behavior models including the theory of planned behavior and an attitude model. Consumer perceptions of smart packaging is a poorly covered research area with most research being clustered in Europe and a smaller cluster in the Americas so there were significant opportunities to build on the body of knowledge.

Purpose -The authors' research was carried out with the aim of analyzing perception of luxury and luxury brands among an international sample of young people. Design/methodology/approach -This article was based on an empirical study among 233 respondents. First, a qualitative analysis of content using the respondents' own words was conducted. Then, to show whether there are differences between countries and significant groups of countries, an analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was performed and analyzed with Fisher F-test and post-hoc Duncan tests. Findings -Beyond the belief in the existence of two stable groups of developed and developing countries with regard to luxury, this study shows a situation that requires further analysis. The main results show some strong cross-cultural differences in the perception of luxury, which is multi-faceted as demonstrated by previous studies in this field. Research limitations/implications -Results of this exploratory study confirm that the concept of luxury presents multiple facets, and the authors' analysis provides an in-depth survey of the main categories and attributes that can be used to describe this concept. Although this study was only exploratory in nature, a number of comments can be made to highlight the congruence between the concept of luxury for young people and recent academic literature. Practical implications -To maintain their brand equity, companies in the luxury sector seek to improve their image within younger targets. Managerial implications of the authors' research indicate that international luxury companies should take into consideration the multi-faceted concept of luxury in general, but also the main differences between countries in the continuum between the "status" and "emotional" dimensions of luxury. According to the authors' research, luxury companies cannot adopt a global strategy when addressing the six countries analyzed. Some managerial recommendations are developed in this perspective. Originality/value -The additional value of this article stems from its reliance on a cross-cultural in-depth study between six countries (Italy, France, Germany, China, Japan, and USA). The balance between qualitative and quantitative techniques makes this article particularly relevant when drawing both conceptual and managerial conclusions.

Unprecedented social disorder created by COVID-19 has caused great concern to Indian households of different income segments in terms of income losses, in terms of prioritizing procurement of various products and in terms of managing the consumption. This may be reflected in the resulting consumer perception about the importance of various product categories, their assessment of consumption and the amount of thinking they might have put into various product categories. This study tries to assess the relative importance a general consumer assigns to various categories of products related to his daily uses in the Lockdown phase and tries to estimate the level of consumption and amount of thinking during the three phases of Lockdown, Unlock and Festive Future. The study may indicate the coping mechanism of the general consumer.

Marketing communication is the channel through which organizations inform, persuade, and remind consumers about their products and services. Marketing communication makes a substantial  contribution towards brand equity. However, considering  today’s consumer being “on the move” most of the time, it is a challenge for some of the traditional media to reach its consumers. To address this issue, advertisers have identified  using outdoor advertising effectively. This  medium offers 24 hours exposure, every single day, all throughout the year and can be an effective influencing tool.The Purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of  outdoor advertising on consumer preferences in the case of choice fast food outlets in India

Through a comprehensive empirical research, this study shows
1. that location of the billboard, the environment around it and its distance from the point of purchase makes an impact on the effectiveness of the billboard and this in turn leads to increase in footfalls and finally sales.
2. That young consumers show strong inclination towards hi-tech billboards like Digital billboards, Wi-Fi enabled billboards etc. and will give the fast food joint competitive advantage over its competitors.
3. That today’s consumers are still fond of stationary billboards, hand painted posters etc.

As more and more businesses move online, research into the determinants and measurement of online service quality has become a research imperative (Zeithaml et al., 2000; Bitner, Parasuraman et al., 2005). Notwithstanding, research in this area is still in its infancy and much of the existing research is largely anecdotal, centering on consumer perceptions and ignoring the business customer perspective.

This paper intend to identify the factors affecting the consumer perception (when people chooses the services by compulsion not by choice) regarding the service quality among three domestic airlines namely Spice Jet, Indigo and Kingfisher, service providers in Agartala and to identify the most important factor in case of each domestic airlines. For achieving this objective a questionnaire was framed according to SERVPERF model and data from 110 subjects. Factor analysis and then regression analysis was carried out for extracting the factors and identifying the most important factor. We found that among the three airline service providers the number of factors loaded is different. Additionally, in case of Spice Jet and Indigo 'assurance' and in case of Kingfisher 'safe and promptness' factor is found to be most important factor.

The introductory article to this special issue points out that export-oriented policies have proven superior to inward-oriented policies in delivering both long-term economic growth and quality of life indicators. One reason is that export-oriented policies demand economic liberalization as well as reductions in market distortions fro m import barriers, subsidies, and internal market inefficiencies. However, a number of management writers, including Porter, Michael E., The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press, New York, (1990), have suggested that factor costs and availability are not a sufficient basis for sustainable competitiveness in world markets. Nations will attain global competitive advantages to the extent that they are able to foster a spectrum of related industries led by companies possessing a broad set of managerial competencies. Understanding how world-class industries and companies develop remains one of the major research issues in public and corporate policy. This is even less well understood in the case of developing nations, because they have been less well researched and because most studies have focused on industry policy for newly industrializing countries (NICs) and highly industrialized nations. The dilemmas and decisions of Chocolates El Rey and the Venezuelan cocoa industry richly illustrate the commitment required to achieve world-class competitiveness at company and industry levels. In the early 1990s, Venezuela began to open its economy and to encourage nontraditional exports. This transition came to an early halt as a result of a number of political scandals and public opinion backlash in a country accustomed to big government and managed markets. The policy reversals that followed have had a dismal effect on the Venezuelan economy, which has plunged from one crisis to another. Nonetheless, there have been an increase in internal competition and a drive to increase nontraditional exports. Heightened competition has challenged Venezuelan companies to increase their capabilities, even if they do not enter international markets. Some companies simply have sold out to multinational firms. Others have attempted to develop into world-class competitors. For example, some have forged strate,~c alliances with multinational companies (see efforts made by that company both to raise standards in the Venezuelan cocoa industry and to forge a niche for high-quality products in industrial markets. In those markets, there is a wide supply of high-quality goods, intense competition, and well-defined user preferences. Two of the major challenges set forth in the case are: • Export Strategy: Which market segments to target, how to advantageously differentiate the company from entrenched competitors, how to distribute its products to the appropriate segments, what sort of presence to have in export markets, and what price to charge different channel members. • Developing Brand Equity: How to overcome the negative image associated with goods from underdeveloped countries in such a way that an adequate market share may be achieved at profitable prices. The case lends itself to other teaching purposes as well. It illustrates the scope, uses, and limitations of market research; it also is good for a discussion of the company-level process of industrial reconversion in countries that are liberalizing their economies. The case also would be suited to a discussion of the effects of development policies on company and industry performance. The clouds that were gathering over the Venezuelan economy in 1994 raised once again the specter of renewed exchange control regimes and overvalued currencies that have plagued Venezuela's economy. An overvalued currency could greatly complicate El Rey's pricing in export markets. We hope that the case will encourage research on the development of brand equity (Aaker, D. G., Managing Brand Equity,

This study reports an application in the hospitality industry of the SERVQUAL model developed by Parasuraman, ZeithamI and Berry. Although originally developed for application within the financial services sector, the model is designed to measure those components of service that generate satisfaction within five dimensions. This study identified the existence of gaps between clients' and management perceptions of attributes of the hotel, and between client expectation and perception of the services offered. It is argued that the existence of these gaps is a source of dissatisfaction with services provided. Factor analysis identified five dimensions explaining 78 per cent of variance, hut these differed from the SERVQUAL model.

Although Web pages and sites consist of a multitude of individual cues, this paper argues that marketers need a gestalt approach to understand how consumers perceive online shopping environments. Following a systematic review of the literature on categorizations of online shopping environments, this paper develops and tests a gestalt model of consumer perceptions of online shopping environments. The model shows that consumers perceive online shopping environments in terms of their sense-making and exploratory potential. It encompasses perceptions at the level of both individual pages and the experience consisting of the navigation through a succession of pages accessed during one visit. It also accounts for the informational needs all shoppers possess, reflected in the central role of information in online shopping environments. The model confirms the importance of the three main categories investigated in the literature (ease of understanding, informativeness, and involving qualities), but provides a theoretically grounded explanation of how consumers perceive online shopping environments holistically. It can form a basis from which to envisage organismic and behavioral responses. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Based on the misinformation from media, consumers usually develop negative perceptions towards milk and other dairy products. This research is designed to explore these perceptions, examine and analyze how they are developed and to what extend they are effective. Perceptions are important since they determine the attitudes and behaviors of consumers. Generally, the media misinformation is reported to be highly effective on negative perceptions developed by the consumers towards food products. Such negative perceptions are vitally important for the marketing policies of food industries. This research is based on data collected in three consecutive phases. First phase is a content analysis of four major Turkish newspapers, three popular Turkish television health programs and Turkish web pages on milk, cheese and yogurt in 2013. Second phase is designed to collect data from three focus groups on what kinds of perceptions are developed by the consumers about milk, cheese and yogurt. The results of first and second phases are then used to develop the questionnaire which measures the level of these perceptions and this data is statically analyzed in terms of consumer preferences and socioeconomic status. Findings of the first and second phases of data collection revealed that media disseminates numerous misinformation to which consumers are unrestrictedly exposed. Consumers admit that their purchasing decisions are usually effected by such information. The findings of the research are expected to contribute to the development of new marketing policies for milk and dairy industry.

Insights into the relative importance of various aspects of product quality can be provided through quantitative analysis of consumer preference and choice of fruit. In this study, methods previously used to establish taste preferences for kiwifruit and conjoint approaches were used to determine the influence of three key aspects of avocado quality on consumer liking and willingness to purchase fruit: dry matter percentage (DM), level of ripeness (firmness) and internal defects (bruising). One hundred and seven consumers tasted avocados with a range of DM levels from ∼20% (minimally mature) to nearly 40% (very mature), and at a range of fruit firmness (ripeness) stages (firm-ripe to soft-ripe). Responses to bruising, a common quality defect in fruit obtained from the retail shelf, were examined using a conjoint approach in which consumers were presented with photographs showing fruit affected by damage of varying severity. In terms of DM, consumers showed a progressive increase in liking and intent to buy avocados as the DM increased. In terms of ripeness, liking and purchase intent was higher in avocados that had softened to a firmness of 6.5 N or below (hand-rating 5). For internal defects, conjoint analysis revealed that price, level of bruising and incidence of bruising all significantly lowered consumers' future purchase decision, but the latter two factors had a greater impact than price. These results indicate the usefulness of the methodology, and also provide realistic targets for Hass avocado quality on the retail shelf.

In this research, we evaluate the response of Brazilian consumers to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives accompanied by a price increase. We demonstrate that the extent to which Brazilian consumers perceive a company to be socially responsible (i.e., their CSR perceptions) is related to both the basic transactional outcome of purchase intentions as well as two relational outcomes: the likelihood to switch to a competitor and to complain about the CSR-based price increase. More interestingly, we find that these relationships are jointly mediated by the consumers' perceptions of price fairness and feelings of personal satisfaction. Perhaps most interesting, we find that these mediating effects vary with consumer purchasing power; the mediating effect of price fairness on purchase intention is stronger for lower income than for higher income consumers, whereas the mediating effects of personal satisfaction on switching and complaining intentions are stronger for higher income than for lower income consumers.

Understanding consumer perceptions and associations is an important ®rst step to understanding brand preferences and choices. In this paper, we discuss how cognitive theorists would posit network representations of consumer brand associations. We rely upon several empirical examples of consumer associative networks, based on data from a variety of data collection techniques, in order to demonstrate the tools available to the brand manager using network analytic techniques. In addition to being grounded in theory, networks are shown to be quite important to mapping an extensive array of branding eects, including: (1) branded features, (2) driver brands, (3) complements, (4) co-branding, (5) cannibalization, (6) brand parity, (7) brand dilution, (8) brand confusion, (9) counter-brands, and (10) segmentation. This list of 10 issues is fairly ambitious but we desire this research to be truly useful to brand managers, and we believe we have made some progress in addressing all 10 questions and in providing tools and a road map to the brand manager. Ó

Introduction: Consequence of the development of social network, viral marketing has become a new popular pattern of consumption for Subang Jaya consumers. Foodpanda is the German mobile food delivery market headquartered in Berlin, Germany, which operates in a few countries and territories including Malaysia. Methodology: The data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed following a wide review of the literature n viral marketing. It was divided into four parts. The first part was based on personal profile of the consumers. (M Eltaj, 2017). Findings: The five factors; i) perceived informativeness, ii) perceived entertainment, iii) irritation perception, iv) perceived source credibility and v) incentive perception, have significant effects on attitudes of consumers towards viral marketing in Subang Jaya. Conclusions / and Recommendations: Online business website companies need to propose some rules or regulations to protect costumers' rights. When conflicts occur, e-vendors can follow these rules to provide solutions that are reasonable and satisfying for consumers.

Findings are reported for two studies that examined the effects of three forms of tensile price claims (i. e., stating a minimum, maximum, or range of savings) on consumers' price perceptions, search and shopping intentions, and estimates of price reduction across four different discount range levels. Hypotheses are offered based on a rationale drawn from an anchoring and adjustment framework. Results of both studies indicate that for broader discount ranges, tensile claims stating the maximum level of savings have more positive effects than those stating the minimum level or the entire savings range. For more narrow discount ranges, tensile claims stating the maximum level of savings appear to be no more effective than claims stating the minimum level or the entire savings range.

Purpose -This paper seeks to provide a detailed study of the impact of offers incorporating a time-limit restriction on consumers in the context of price promotions. Time limited offers are those where a pricing offer is only available for a specified, normally relatively short, period of time. Although price promotions have been the subject of much previous research, a detailed study of the effects of time limit restrictions on consumer behavior is warranted. Design/methodology/approach -The study incorporates an experimental approach whereby the impact of time-limited and non time-limited offers on consumers' assessments of value and search and purchase intentions are isolated. Findings -Findings show that the presence of a time limit does not impact directly on perceptions of value or search and purchase behavior. A marginally significant interaction effect between time limit and discount size is present, impacting in particular on search behavior.

Positioning is the mental space which every marketer craves to imprint in the consumer's mind. A marketer always desires their consumers to imagine, when they come across with a brand name. In order to keep a hold in the market, the marketers strive to get the best positioning strategies by understanding how customers perceive their brand with respect to the available varieties. As Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market is booming day by day, five shampoo brands were being considered as cases. With the technique of perceptual mapping, this study identified the effectiveness of the brand positioning strategies, the consumers' perception and the attributes influencing the consumers' buying behaviour towards the selected brands. The study investigated how consumers' associate the attributes in different dimensions with reference to leading shampoo brands. The study revealed that the consumers perceive the selected brands equally and positively as far as their usage is considered. Positioning of these brands effectively influences the consumers' and their buying behaviour and they plan and project the campaigns in accordance with the consumers' perception.

The purpose of this study is to determine the antecedents of consumers’ perception towards online advertising in Malaysia. This research has been developed a framework by reviewing the existing literatures available in the same field. Altogether 526 respondents have been selected as a final sample size. This research uses survey method in this study because my purpose of the study is to generalize the findings from the sample to population. The current study used Statistical Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and AMOS Software Package to analyze the data. The results of this study provide evidence that increased consumer perception is associated with increased online advertising. There is a direct positive, significant relationship between consumer perception and online advertising of the respondents in the online advertising in Malaysia. It was also found that all sub dimensions of consumer perception positively and significantly affect to online advertising and its dimensions. Besides, the results indicated the significant positive relationships between consumer perception and consumer acceptance. On the other hand, a significant weak relationship was found between consumer acceptance and online advertising. However, the consumer satisfaction has not correlated significantly with online advertising of the respondents in the online advertising in Malaysia. Future studies can be extended to check the applicability and relevance of consumer perception within Malaysia using different samples from different sectors, occupations and so on.

In marketing literature, the study of service quality has focused on customer evaluation. The knowledge of consumer perceptions with regard to this complex construct constitutes powerful information for measuring company performance and for managing strategic projects. This fact is a ...

The purpose of this research is identifying the link between a global brand perception and the consumer buying behaviour analyzing in particular a unique business brand: Virgin. Virgin group is a British branded venture capital conglomerate with successful business in the five continents. It is a recognized brand that with the charismatic influence of its founder Sir Richard Branson has built up an iconic brand that is not just a global brand but an intergalactic brand indeed this because with Virgin Galactic is the first company in the world that will take tourists to the space.

Sladjana Starcevic (2006), "Subliminalna propaganda", Teme, vol. 30, No. 2, str. 265-277 
APSTRAKT: Od kada se prvi put pojavio pojam "subliminalna propaganda", nije prestao da okupira pažnju, kako teoretičara tako ni praktičara. Istina je da su istraživanja godinama menjala pravac kretanja, da je bilo perioda i velike halabuke i perioda zatišja, da su pojedine teorije postavljane i isto tako obarane. Sve to već traje više od četiri decenije, a pitanje još uvek nije dobilo konačan odgovor. U ovom članku se sumiraju rezultati psiholoških istraživanja vezanih za subliminalnu percepciju, prvenstveno u kontekstu privredne propagande. Iako je objava da propagandisti mogu manipulisati našim ponašanjem ugrađivanjem skrivenih poruka izazvala veliku paniku među ljudima za sada ipak stoji zaključak da svesno razmišljanje organizuje i vodi većinu aspekata našeg ponašanja, pa čak i aspekte koji su podsvesni. Subliminalni stimuli se smatraju slabim i privremenim, te iako je identifikovan njihov uticaj na neke aspekte ponašanja, uticaj u kontekstu propagande, izbora marke među alternativama i uopšte potrošnje, još uvek nije dokazan.
SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2146891
Pristup clanku: http://teme.junis.ni.ac.rs/teme2-2006/teme2-2006-07.pdf
Pristup broju casopisa u kojem je objavljen clanak: http://teme.junis.ni.ac.rs/teme2-2006/teme2-2006.html
SCindeks: http://scindeks.ceon.rs/article.aspx?query=ISSID%26and%264203&page=6&sort=8&stype=0&backurl=%2Fissue.aspx%3Fissue%3D4203

This research focuses on consumer perceptions that are developed on the basis of a firm's advertising appeals as well as other factors. In conceptualizing brand-image perceptions, the authors extend the frequent use of productrelated images to include corporate and country images attached to brands. The authors report findings based on secondary economic and cultural data at the macro level and the results of a global brand-image survey conducted in the top 20 international automobile markets at the individual level The findings suggest that while consumers' attitudes toward corporate image and country image exert main effects on their brand purchase behavior, the effects of certain product-image appeals are moderated by sociodemographics and national cultural characteristics. The empirical results are broadly supportive of the proposed hypotheses and provide a consumer-based extension of Roth ' s work on global brand image.

Here the study tried to explore the influence of celebrity endorsement on the consumers’ Ad perception and brand loyalty for Fast – Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). To understand consumer perception and brand loyalty attributes such as attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise were used. A questionnaire was floated pertaining above attributes where the respondents were supposed to rate from least likely to most likely. The survey was done using non-probability convenience sampling and around 216 responses were collected between June- July in the year 2020. To analyze the data regression analysis and independent t-test was performed. The findings suggested that the Gender of the consumer is an important aspect to understand the consumer perception of a celebrity-endorsed FMCG whereas Occupation is playing an important role which helps in maintaining a brand loyalty towards celebrity endorsed FMC

To explore the potentials of organic agriculture, it is important to know how consumers, as well as producers, relate to food quality and food system issues. A consumer survey from the Hamar region in Southern Norway provided information on a number of these issues, and a rapid food system appraisal and a seminar revealed concerns among organic farmers in the region. Multivariate analyses showed that traditional food quality aspects such as freshness and taste, called``observation traits,'' were important to all consumers. In addition, those who purchased organic foods were more concerned about ethical, environmental, and health issues, called``re¯ection traits''. Three consumer orientations in the food market were identi®ed. Consumers with a``practical'' orientation were less likely, and those with a``local'' orientation in the food market were more likely, to buy organic food, while``social'' considerations were equally important to all. The results indicate that many interests of organic farmers coincide with concerns among those who buy organic food, and that these are more complex than the formal rules for organic agriculture. This may provide a basis for identifying common goals and improving communication and cooperation between consumers and producers in order to further develop the organic food system. [Note that organic agriculture is called``ecological agriculture'' in the Nordic Region.] #

Packaged food products are now available in supermarkets which has increased consumer choice. In addition, competition between packaged food products has also increased. The consumers decision making process is strongly infl uenced by product packaging. Thus, the aim of the study is to measure the eff ect of product packaging (i.e. packaging color, packaging material, font style, packaging design and printed information) on consumer purchase intentions. Consumers of packaged foods in Karachi belonging to the age group of 18-35 years were surveyed through a questionnaire adapted from the earlier studies. The sample size for the study was 278 comprising a response rate of 95%. Preliminary statistical investigation consisted of reliability, validity and normality analyses. The developed hypotheses were empirically examined through regression analysis. The results suggest that all the hypotheses were accepted. The results also indicate that product packaging has a signifi cant eff ect o...