GREEN TECHNOLOGY HYDROGEN SOLAR POWER PLANT

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1997

We report on the performance, safety, and maintenance issues of a photovoltaic (PV) power plant which uses hydrogen energy storage and fuel cell regenerative technology. The facility, located at the Humboldt State University (HSU) Telonicher Marine Laboratory, has operated intermittently since June 1991, and in August 1993 went into full-time, automatic operation. After more than 3900 hours, the system has an excellent safety and performance record with an overall electrolyzer efficiency of 76.7%, a PV efficiency of 8.1%, and a hydrogen production efficiency of 6.2%.

Hydrogen-solar energy system has been regarded as the future energy system that is clean, friendlyenvironment, availability of renewable energy resources and easy to transfer or deliver to the end user. The grid connected solar hydrogen energy system (GCSHES) have the capability of overcoming the problems that occur on the grid connected power system (GCPS) when there is a black out of grid electricity. Moreover, stand alone power system (SAPS) requires batteries and larger hydrogen tank capacity is required for higher energy generation. An experimental GCSHES has been setup and tested. The GCSHES consists of subsystems photovoltaic (PV) array with 40 PV module type multi-crystaline with its capacity of 5000 Wp, inverter capacity of 6000 W, electrolyzer capacity of 19 scf/h, hydrogen tank capacity of 1500 liter and fuel cell of 500 W. The characteristics equation and maximum power output of PV were presented. The monthly efficiency and performance of PV array is 12.7% and 26% respectively, while the efficiency and performance of inverter is 95.1% and 98%, respectively. The efficiency of electrolyzer subsystem and fuel cell is 51% and 25%, respectively. The techno economical analysis indictated that the pay back period of this system is 18 years.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Advanced Materials Letters, 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013

The Combined Hydrogen, Heat and Power (CHHP) system consists of a molten carbonate fuel cell, DFC300. DFC300 consumes biogas, and produces electricity and hydrogen. The high temperature flue gas can be recovered for useful purposes. During the hydrogen recovery process, the anode exhaust gas (37.1% H 2 O, 45.9% CO 2 , 5.7% CO, and 11.2% H 2) is sent through a water gas shift (WGS) reactor to increase the hydrogen and carbon dioxide composition, and then water is removed in a vaporeliquid separator. The remaining hydrogen and carbon dioxide mixture gas is separated using a 2-adsorber pressure swing adsorption unit under 1379 kPa. Resulting hydrogen can achieve 99.99% purity, and it can be stored in composite hydrogen storage tanks pressurized at 34,474 kPa. Hydrogen is produced at a rate of 2.58 kg/h. The produced hydrogen is filled into transportable hydrogen cylinders and trucked to a residential community 7.5 km away from the CHHP site. The community is powered by fuel cells to supply electricity to approximately 51 apartments. A heat recovery unit to produce steam and hot water recovers hot air exhaust from the DFC300, having a total heating value of 405 MJ/h. The greenhouse employs a twophase steam heating system. Hot water supply is mainly needed for the CHHP education center. DFC300 produces electricity at a maximum capacity of 280 kW. A substation is built to set up the interconnections. Power poles and power lines are built to distribute electricity to the CHHP system, the education center, and the greenhouse. The overall electricity consumption of the CHHP system is 86 kW, and the greenhouse consumes 40 kW. Therefore, an aggregate of 154 kW of power can be used to provide power to the UC Davis campus.

Solar-hydrogen systems for remote area power supply (RAPS) are a promising zeroemission alternative to existing diesel and battery-based systems. Considerable research and development work has been done on the main components of such systems -solar photovoltaic arrays, electrolysers, hydrogen storages and fuel cells -but relatively little work on an overall system control unit that optimises unattended operation. The present paper therefore focuses on the design of such a control unit for a solar-hydrogen RAPS system employing a PEM electrolyser, compressed gas or metal-hydride hydrogen storage, a PEM fuel cell and inverter. The proposed system configuration includes a load splitter so that only surplus PV power over the instantaneous load is fed to the electrolyser to generate hydrogen for storage, as well as, to achieve matching the power requirement of the load. Control functions such as load splitting, power matching, switching between hydrogen production by the electrolyser and storage, water and temperature management, safety monitoring and system responses in the event of detected hydrogen leaks are identified and defined.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1994

This paper describes the status of a photovoltaic hydrogen energy system development project at Helsinki University of Technology at the end of June 1992. The objective of the project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a 100~ o self-sufficient energy system based on solar photovoltaics (PV) and hydrogen technology. Basically, PV electricity is used to produce electrolytic hydrogen, which is stored over the season to be converted back to electricity in a fuel cell. The pilot plant has been designed for a 1-2 kWh day-1 constant electric load in the climate of Helsinki (60°N). The work so far has included component and subsystem testing, as well as optimization of the total system and its control through comprehensive numerical modelling. Experimental results are given for the electrolyser performance as well as for a 1 month operation of the hydrogen production subsystem. The numerical simulation shows excellent agreement with measurements and is used to predict the pilot plant performance over a 1 year time period.

Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in Engineering Physics, 2015

The work done in this thesis aims to automate an experimental setup which mimics the acquisition of solar power, converts it into hydrogen and later use of the hydrogen to generate electric power. The generation and conversion of the Hydrogen was done using proton exchange membrane (PEM) cells. The automation of the setup was done through control and data acquisition routines. Some parallel testing was done regarding hydrogen generation through PEM water electrolysis, under a pulsed DC regime, varying the frequency and the shape of the signal. In none of the tests has the electrolyser’s efficiency been higher than that at constant DC conditions.

2020 International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP), 2020

PT PJB UP Paiton is a coal-fired power plant which has chlorination plant as auxiliary system. This chlorination plant has by-product hydrogen gases that produced 36 $\mathrm{m}^{3}$ per hour. It potentially utilized for generating electricity as renewable energy since it come from sea water electrolysis process. The proposed technology to convert hydrogen gases into electricity is hydrogen-fuel cell. Using electrochemical process, the hydrogen gases will turn into electricity which has efficiency up to 78.95%. The produced electricity will use for generating coal-fired power plant equipment that leads to reduce KWh import. The potential electricity produced around 67.09 KWh which equal for saving money as much as Rp 1,429,493,942.00 in a year. Despite of using hydrogen as renewable energy for reducing import KWh, it will claim as minimizing the carbon footprint. Total CO2 could banish is around 213.75 kg $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}_{2}/$year.

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, 2005

The hydrogen economy is still at the beginning, but society, innovation, and the market push inexorably toward hydrogen, inspiring the idea to build an energy-integrated system that can satisfy, in an independent way, the energy needs of small-sized consumers. The technologies used for the system design are already available in the market and, at least for the standard solutions, sufficiently mature. The innovation consists of an integration, optimization, and industrialization of this modular system, which is an electric zeroemissions generator, giving 3.5 kW p as an output power. This is the only system able to produce its own fuel, guaranteeing renewable and clean energy, available where and when you want. This system is constituted by a polymer membrane electrolyzer, a metal hydrides tank (which absorbs and desorbs hydrogen), and a polymer fuel cell (PEM). The system modularity can also satisfy higher energy requirements, and the low-pressure hydrogen storage system through metal hydrides guarantees the system safety.