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BAR S2833 Il paesaggio di Nora (Cagliari – Sud Sardegna) by Cristina Nervi. British Archaeological Reports; 9781407315225, 2016. Order Online: www.barpublishing.com This book studies the imported and local pottery from 238 BC to 700 AD that was recovered during a survey of the territory of Nora (Cagliari - South Sardinia) in diachronic and synchronic terms. The pottery provides a stimulus for the reconstruction of the development of the territory of Nora, underlining the presence of farms, villas, necropolises and quarries, which were located in the land behind Nora. The huge quantity of pottery, coming from the whole Mediterranean area, covers a rich and varied spectrum, which reveals the different attitudes of each historical period, from the first arrival of the Romans in Sardinia till Late Antiquity, just before the Arab occupation of the island. This book studies the imported and local pottery from 238 BC to 700 AD that was recovered during a survey of the territory of Nora (Cagliari - South Sardinia) in diachronic and synchronic terms. The pottery provides a stimulus for the reconstruction of the development of the territory of Nora, underlining the presence of farms, villas, necropolises and quarries, which were located in the land behind Nora. The huge quantity of pottery, coming from the whole Mediterranean area, covers a rich and varied spectrum, which reveals the different attitudes of each historical period, from the first arrival of the Romans in Sardinia till Late Antiquity, just before the Arab occupation of the island.
“After Aristaeus, the Iberians moved to Sardinia under Norax as leader of the expedition, and they founded the city of Nora the first …on the island… " (Pausania, X, 17,5). The antiquity of the settlement on the Capo di Pula is also confirmed by the famous stele on which a "temple of the head of NGR that is in Sardinia” is mentioned. Was Nora already a city during the eight and seventh century B.C.? What is the precise significance of a commemorative stele the inscription on which is considered a referring to the name of the first city “NGR”? Should we read this as the result of a rapid transposition in the topographical, architectural and political organisation of a first settlement of oriental urban character? Can a settlement already be considered a “city”, while it is completely oriented seawards and has little relation to the hinterland? What role did the first colonists’ memories of Levantine cities play in the organisation of the new settlement? And what has archaeology got to tell us about all this? This paper discusses problems in defining concepts abaout what constitutes a city, considering Nora as a key site for the larger Phoenician colonial urban phenomenon, even if well embedded in its specific territorial, socio-economical, cultural and geographical context. Data of earlier researches (necropolis and tofet) are analyzed together with new information stemming from recent excavations and surveys. The image of the city derived from this analysis is that of a settlement evincing various forms of urban development. During Archaic period the development of the urban space and architecture appears more “spontaneous”, evoking economical and social structures of oriental origin. In the Carthaginian period, the urban development appears increasingly “planned”, being influenced by the relationship with the north-African metropolis, but also by renewed contacts with Phoenicia.
LANX. Rivista della Scuola di Specializzazione in Beni Archeologici - Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013
Nora, sette punti di vista sulla città Nora con i suoi oltre cent'anni di ricerche e scavi, appena percepibile alla fine dell'Ottocento e oggi percorribile lungo vie, case, piazze, monumenti. Nora capace di pionieristiche indagini all'epoca di Vivanet, Spano, Nissardi e poi dagli anni '90 del Novecento interessata da ricerche stratigrafiche d'avanguardia. Nora con il suo rapporto inestricabile con l'ambiente, il paesaggio, i monumenti circostanti: una città che è anche un inscindibile contesto e un frammento di paesaggio archeologico. Nora che attrae turisti e visitatori per i suoi resti straordinari ma anche per l'impareggiabile posizione protesa nel mare, circondata da spiagge, rocce, lagune. Nora capace oggi di coniugare progresso ed ampliamento dell'indagine archeologica con intense campagne di conservazione e restauro dei suoi delicatissimi monumenti. Nora dove al tramonto regna il silenzio, interrotto dallo stridente richiamo dei gabbiani, e capace di fare risuonare ancora, tra le pietre del teatro, la voce della più sublime poesia. Nora che vuole essere un potente attrattore turistico salvaguardando la sua integrità e il suo straordinario equilibrio. Ci sono poche realtà archeologiche in Sardegna che si presentano multiformi e articolate per ampiezza di attività, varietà di interessi, articolazione di significati come la splendida città incastonata lungo la costa meridionale dell'isola; e poche a presentare, anche per la Soprintendenza, un così ampio e articolato ventaglio di impegni e iniziative. Al punto che lo stimolante richiamo, assunto a titolo di questa giornata di studio, alle sette città che costituiscono il palinsesto di una storia urbanistica estremamente articolata, può essere utilmente declinato per provare a schematizzare i differenti settori che coinvolgono l'operato dell'organismo di tutela in un impegno quotidiano e costante e ordinare i capitoli di un'attività peraltro estremamente interrelata. Le ricerche e gli scavi Ormai da oltre un ventennio l'impresa degli scavi norensi rappresenta non solo un importantissimo progresso nella comprensione delle dinamiche storiche e urbanistiche dell'antica città, ma un vero e proprio modello di ricerca interistituzionale, finalizzato alla condivisione e alla diffusione delle conoscenze tra tutti i soggetti implicati in questa attività; insieme alla Soprintendenza infatti sono
Geo-archeologia, 2006
ASSOCIAZIONE GEO-ARCHEOLOGICA ITALIANA L'Associazione Geo-Archeologica Italiana riunisce cultori di scienze geologiche, paleontologiche, mineralogiche, speleologiche e archeologiche. Essa è stata costituita allo scopo di promuovere la ricerca e lo studio di materiali relativi alle scienze summenzionate e delle corrispondenti aree di provenienza, nonché la disamina di nuovi mezzi per la loro tutela e conservazione.
Settecento-Millecento. Storia, Archeologia e Arte nei "secoli bui" del Mediterraneo. Dalle fonti scritte, archeologicheed artistiche alla ricostruzione della vicenda storica. La Sardegna laboratorio di esperienze culturali, Atti del Convegno (Cagliari, 17-19 ottobre 2012), a cura di R. Martorelli, 2013
Riassunto. Il contributo sintetizza in chiave storica i dati editi relativi alla lunga fase di transizione vissuta dalla città e dal territorio di Nora fra la tarda antichità e l'alto Medioevo. La documentazione esaminata consiste in gran parte nei risultati delle ricerche condotte nell'ultimo ventennio dalle Università di Genova, Milano, Padova, Pisa, Venezia e Viterbo e dalla Soprintendenza Archeo logica di Cagliari e Oristano. Grande rilevanza nella formazione dell'abitato altomedievale rivestono la progressiva destrutturazione dell'assetto urbano di età romana e lo sviluppo di nuove forme di edilizia abitativa. Nell'area necropolare suburbana si afferma il polo cultuale di Sant'Efisio, mentre nel territorio vari indizi confermano una sostanziale continuità di vita sino alla fine del VII secolo.
The study, based on the archeological records emerged from recent excavations, suggests a new reading of the foundation of the colony of Nora and of its development in the Phoenician and Punic phase. At the moment, the most ancient evidences of a settled presence in the area concern the structures brought to light beneath the Roman Forum, which may be dated in keeping with the materials found between the vii and the vi centuries B.C. Such elements clash with the historical sources which consider Nora as the most ancient city in Sardinia, and with an exceptionally interesting epigraphic document, the “Stele of Nora”, which may be dated between the second half of the ix century and 740-730 b.c. The author of this communication believes that the dichotomy between such data is only apparent and that it may be solved by considering Nora’s promontory as an area frequented by the Phoenicians since the beginning of their presence in the central-western Mediterranean by virtue of the strategic position on the route linking Tyrus and Cadiz. For a long period of time therefore Nora’s promontory looks like an important location where Phoenician merchants and local people can intermingle, a location organized around a sacred place maybe initially characterized only by the epigraph. Later on, probably around the middle of the vii century b.c., a real colony was founded which presents an indisputably mercantile vocation, whose widespread activities touched the middle Tyrrhenian coasts of the Italian peninsula, Spain and Carthage. Such characteristics can also be observed in the study of the territory in the vicinity of the colony, which does not display an intensive exploitation until the iv century b.c. The radical change that took place in this period must be ascribed to Carthage’s policy which on the one hand imparts an intense development to the settlement, now discernible especially in the building of sacred edifices and necropolises, and on the other hand initiates an intensive farming in Nora’s plain with the creation of numerous farmsteads.
FOLD&R Fasti On Line Documents & Research, 303, 2014
Milan University began research at Nora in autumn 2002 continuing the project begun by Venice University, directed by Prof. Giorgio Bejor. The area in question is situated at the heart of the Roman city: the central insula of the peninsula, between the theatre and the so-called Temple of Eshmun, partially occupied by the grand Central Baths and numerous houses with standing remains, excavated and consolidated by the Superintendent Gennaro Pesce at the end of the 1950s. From 2006 onwards, the research followed two lines of investigation looking at the central residential structures and beginning the examination of the peripheral areas, which had not been excavated since the 1950s. The latter included the coastal strip overlooking the south bay (occupied by numerous houses known as “case a mare”), which was documented and analysed in order to gain a better understanding of the city’s road network, and to make visiting the site easier. The four campaigns undertaken in the years 2007-2010, aimed to clarify the occupation phases of the monumental Central Baths in order to define its architectural development and above all to reconstruct the dynamics of its transformation over the centuries. The stratigraphy showed at least two occupation phases distinguished by paved and plastered rooms, pre-dating the Bath’s construction, and belonging to the mid 2nd century A.D. houses. Thus, the recent excavations have documented the complex stratigraphy of this area from the early imperial period until the 7th century A.D., showing the continuity of the city’s occupation from the Phoenician period until the threshold of the late antiquity.
Annali. Istituto Italiano di Numismatica, 2018
Gli scavi archeologici effettuati dall’Università di Padova nel settore orientale dell’antica Nora hanno portato alla scoperta di un interessante gruppo di Antoniniani, che arricchisce qualitativamente la documentazione numismatica proveniente dal sito, ma pone anche notevoli questioni interpretative. Le monete infatti sono evidentemente sigillate in uno strato di malta che ne rendeva impossibile il recupero. Non si può trattare dunque di un ripostiglio, ma con ogni probabilità il nucleo va inteso come un deposito rituale connesso con una delle fasi dell’edificio in cui è stato scoperto. Considerata la composizione, il deposito può essere datato con grande precisione, tra la fine del 282 e l’inizio del 283 d.C., nel pieno di una fase di evoluzione urbana della città antica.
Giorgio Bejor. The area in question is situated at the heart of the Roman city: the central insula of the peninsula, between the theatre and the so-called Temple of Eshmun, partially occupied by the grand Central Baths and numerous houses with standing remains, excavated and consolidated by the Superintendent Gennaro Pesce at the end of the 1950s. From 2006 onwards, the research followed two lines of investigation looking at the central residential structures and beginning the examination of the peripheral areas, which had not been excavated since the 1950s. The latter included the coastal strip overlooking the south bay (occupied by numerous houses known as "case a mare"), which was documented and analysed in order to gain a better understanding of the city's road network, and to make visiting the site easier.
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