African red slip ware

This study investigates African Red Slip Ware (ARS), kitchen ware and lamps from Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg/Bavaria). The aim is to better understand both the settlement and economic history of the provincial capital of Raetia via its pottery assemblage. Analysis of the material offers further information on typology, chronology, provenance and quantity. Ceramic products from North and Central Tunisian pottery production centres are dateable from the late 1st to the first half of the 5th century AD. A selection of ARS and lamp fragments was subjected to chemical analyses by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) to examine provenance and mechanisms of supply. North African cooking ware is represented with only a few fragments that are associated with an influx of people into the province with Mediterranean cooking habits. The relatively high number of lamps in Augusta Vindelicum is attributed to the demand of a wealthy clientele in the provincial capital. Following the section on typology and chronology, the state of research on Late Roman features and small finds from both sides of the Roman town wall of Augsburg is summarized. This forms a basis of discussion for the continuity of settlement and the expansion of Augsburg in Late Antiquity. The distribution of African ceramics in Augsburg is then presented on chronologically differentiated maps. These indicate that there was no reduction in settlement during the 4th and first half of the 5th centuries. The final chapter examines distribution patterns of North African ceramics in Raetia. The quantity and variety of forms in Augsburg stand out in particular within the overall ceramic assemblage of Raetia. This is in part due to continued intensive excavation. It is argued that the large amount of North African ceramics in the provincial capital is evidence for a local demand for high-quality tableware. Furthermore, in contrast to most Raetian sites, Augsburg offers a statistically significant amount of North African ceramics. The chronologically important material is a crucial archaeological source for long-distance trade and the history of Augusta Vindelicum. It also serves as a reference for cross-regional comparative studies.

Reviews:
M.-A. Haldimann, Rez. zu Ferdinand Heimerl, Nordafrikanische Sigillata, Küchenkeramik und Lampen aus Augusta Vindelicum/Augsburg. Jahrbuch Archäologie Schweiz 98, 2015, 278.
H. G. Cesteros, Rez. zu Ferdinand Heimerl, Nordafrikanische Sigillata, Küchenkeramik und Lampen aus Augusta Vindelicum/Augsburg. Bonner Jahrbücher 215, 2015, 511–512.
J. Lund, A meticulous study of N African pottery from Augsburg (Raetia). Journal of Roman archaeology 29,2, 2016, 855–857.
M. Auer, Rez. zu Ferdinand Heimerl, Nordafrikanische Sigillata, Küchenkeramik und Lampen aus Augusta Vindelicum/Augsburg. Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblätter 82, 2017, 234–236.

The human settlement of the Pelagie Islands is marked by discontinuity from the prehistory to the modern era.
The location of the islands in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea gives them a strategic relevance as a landing point along the maritime trading routes but at the same time both the geographic isolation and the exiguity of the resources severely interfere with a durable settlement.
Every time that the archaeological research confirmed the human presence on the islands, it can be always connected to the broader events affecting more generally the Mediterranean basin. So it is in the prehistory, when the islands are involved in the Mediterranean overseas trade earlier for obsidian and later for metal supply or during the Roman Empire, when the marine resources were exploited on large scale, or even in the Late Antiquity when a whole community in disagreement with the central power for religion and politics exiled itself to the border of the Vandalic Reign.

In un noto passo di Plinio il Vecchio si fa riferimento ad alcune città la cui nobilitas sarebbe dovuta alla produzione di ceramica da mensa d'uso comune (Naturalis Historia, XXXV, 160-161) 1 . È l'unica produzione dell'artigianato ceramico romano che merita una menzione da parte degli autori antichi, e quello pliniano è anche il più lungo passo che noi possediamo, cui vanno accostate altre sporadiche citazioni 2 , fino al tardo Isidoro di Siviglia, del VII sec. 3 Plinio parla dei Samia Vasa, cioè i Vasi di Samo, termine con cui gli autori antichi identificavano, sottolineandone l'origine orientale, quella particolare produzione ceramica nota in letteratura archeologica come terra sigillata 4 .

2. yüzyıldan itibaren endüstriyel ölçekte üretilmeye başlanan Afrika Kırmızı Astarlı seramikleri, önce Batı Akdeniz daha sonra da Doğu Akdeniz'de pazar hakimiyetini ele geçirmiştir. Bu seramikler Batı Anadolu kıyılarında da sıkça ele geçmektedir. Roma döneminde üretime başlamış ve daha sonra üretimlerini imparatorluğun sınırlarına kadar göndermeyi başarmış bu Geç Roma seramikleri, 1. yüzyıldan 8. yüzyıl başlarına kadar üretimlerine devam etmişlerdir. Özellikle 3. yüzyılın sonlarında başlayan yükselişleri, 4. yüzyılda doruk noktasına ulaşmıştır. Kuzey Afrika'da bugünkü Tunus ve Cezayir civarında üretilen bu kaplar özellikle üretildikleri bölgede seramik pazarını üretimin sona ermesine kadar domine etmişlerdir. Buna karşılık Geç Antik Dönem'de önemli bir seramik üretim merkezi olan Batı Anadolu kıyılarında farklı bir senaryo karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Her ne kadar 5. yüzyılla birlikte Afrika Kırmızı Astarlı seramiklerinin yoğunluğunda düşüş yaşansa da Phokaia üretimi seramikler pazarı tamamen ele geçirememiştir. Batı Anadolu'daki bu seramiklerin dağılımı incelenirken, bu dağılımı etkilemiş olabilecek ekonomik ve siyasi olaylar göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Bu bağlamda 2. yüzyıl ve 7. yüzyıl arasındaki dönem siyasi ve ekonomik olarak incelenmiştir. Batı Anadolu kıyılarında bugüne kadar yayınları yapılmış Afrika Kırmızı Astarlı seramikleri baz alınarak yapılan araştırmada, bu seramiklerin bölgesel olarak dağılımı ile dönemlere göre ithalinde gösterdiği yoğunluk değişikliklerinin araştırılması oluşturulmaktadır.

African Red Slip wares, which started to be produced on the industrial scale from 2nd century onwards, first had the market dominance in the Western Mediterranean and later in the Eastern Mediterranean. It is also commonly encountered in the Western Anatolian coasts. This Late Roman pottery group, which started production in the Roman period and later managed to send their goods to the edges of the empire, continued their production from the beginning of the 1st century to the 8th century. Their increase started at the end of the 3rd century, and reached its peak in the 4th century. These wares, produced in North Africa, around Tunisia and Algeria, have dominated the ceramic market in the region until the end of production. On the other hand, a different scenario is encountered in the Western Anatolian coasts, which is an important center of pottery production in the Late Antiquity. Even though the density of African Red Slip Ware is declining with the 5th century, LRC productions couldn't fully dominate the market. In examining the distribution of these ceramics in Western Anatolia, economic and political events that may have affected this distribution were taken into account. In this context, the period between 2nd century and 7th century was examined politically and economically. In the research conducted based on African Red Slip Ware, which have been broadcasted on the coasts of Western Anatolia, it is aimed to investigate the distribution of these ceramics by regional distribution and the changes in density according to periods.

At the end of the last century archaeological excavations near the modern harbour in Lampedusa discovered a large hypogeal cemetery still unknown in its full extension.
Inside the catacomb a conspicuous number of graves lay arranged in three different levels of burials: most of archaeological finds coming from deepest ones, engraved in rock, are African red-slip lamps with Christian iconography suggesting spreading Christianity among island inhabitants.
Evidence of Pantellerian ware and late roman eastern amphorae inside the hypogeum, both probably related to burial rites, reveals vitality of Lampedusa along maritime trade routes crossing the Mediterranean in late Roman and early Byzantine periods.

HEROM is a journal presenting innovative contributions to the study of material culture produced, exchanged, and consumed within the spheres of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman world. The journal publishes papers in the full range of the scholarly field and in all relevant academic disciplines within the arts, humanities, social sciences and environmental sciences. HEROM creates a bridge between material culture specialists and the wider scientific community, with an interest in how humans interacted with and regarded artefacts from the late 4th century BC to the 7th century AD.

The publications of J.W. Hayes, J.W. Salomonson and the “Atlante delle forme ceramiche I” (EAA) remain the main sources of reference for any study of ARS ware of the 3rd century. The classification of fabrics, as instituted by A. Carandini, L. Saguì and S. Tortorella in 1981 on the basis of the material from excavations at Ostia, is not always straightforward in its application to North African sigillata of fabrics A (A1, A2, A1/2) and A/D, as well as C (C1, C2, C3) and C/E. As the centres of production of types A and A/D, presumed in the hinterland of Carthage, remain undiscovered, any judgement on the development of sigillata in the 3rd century is made more difficult. Yet it remained beyond doubt that the high-quality, plain or appliqué-decorated sigillata of fabric C1-C3 (including A/C, the so-called el-Aouja ware)  was produced in central Tunisian workshops.
Notable progress was achieved by the British-Tunisian survey, which located several new production centres in central Tunisia. Yet the repertoire of forms and decorations of the workshops at Djilma and Sidi Marzouk Tounsi, presented in 1990, is by no means representative, especially for the 3rd century. Furthermore, the outset of production was not defined, while the organisational structures as well as the reasons for the foundation of these pottery production centres remain unclear.
Different approaches with varying methodology, however, enable a more extensive appraisal and presentation of the range of forms and decorations of the 3rd century, which is to be attempted here. Utilizing archaeometric investigations such as quantitative chemical analyses of main and trace elements, it was possible to form reference groups specific to each pottery workshop. Earlier A/D forms as well as C1 and C2 forms are in evidence for Djilma, while no C1 forms with appliqués were found. For Sidi Marzouk Tounsi, on the other hand, there are only the characteristic open C1 and C2 forms, as well as few thin-walled closed el-Aouja forms (C1). Both chemical analysis and the use of C1 appliqués on the C3 goblet Löffler 591 have shown Sidi Marzouk Tounsi as the only production centre for appliqué decorated C1 and C2 sigillata (el-Aouja ware) in central Tunisia. This means that plain and appliqué decorated sigillata was produced in different workshops (officinae) at this site since the early 3rd century – and not since the mid 3rd century as previously believed. It is reasonable to propose continuous development throughout the 3rd century. Obviously a wide range of forms was produced here, while the manufacturing potential of the site enabled cutting edge development, perfection, modification and combination of various techniques of decoration – from feather-rouletting and appliqué decoration to incised and stamped decoration.

In this paper, I evaluated the African Red Slip ware found in Soli Pompeiopolis, an important port city of the Plain Cilicia Region. African Red Slip Ware is the second common group among the Late Roman pottery from the 1999-2019 excavations of the Colonnaded Street, Necropolis and Soli Mound. These pottery groups were found mainly from the Colonnaded Street. 109 sherds were identified from this group. This rich group of finds leads to a form repertoire consisting of 20 forms. In this study, the form repertoire of the group is generally evaluated depending on the typology of Hayes. One form which isn’t in that typology is evaluated depending on the typology of Mackensen. All of the detected forms are plates, bowls and lids used in food service. If we evaluate the forms in this group according to their function, we can see plates, bowls and lids of different sizes,were preferred instead of the closed vases of the African Red Slip Ware. This pottery repertoire shows us that low-income people preferred these vases. Besides that, the lack of more elaborate barbotine, appliqué or moldmade relief wares provides insight on the life standards of the Soli Pompeiopolis people. These vases which imitated metal vases with both their forms and decorations were produced from the middle of the 1st century AD to the end of the 7th century AD in the workshops of central and north Tunusia in the North Africa. In Soli Pompeiopolis, African Red Slip Ware samples from the 1st century AD to the 4th century AD are few in number. This data shows that the city had a trade relation with the North Africa from the last quarter of the 1st century AD onwards. Quantity and form diversity of African Red Slip Ware in Soli Pompeiopolis began to increase in the 5th century AD. They are most common in the city during the 6th century AD. From the 7th century AD onwards, African Red Slip Ware number in Soli Pompeiopolis was seriously decreased. This situation is probably a negative result of the Arabic Raids of the 7th century AD. The data also shows us the city survived the Arab Raids and continued to use its port.

There are more than 90 Roman rural sites on the island of Brač. In eighteen of them, African imports have been identified, including amphorae, African Red Slip Ware and cooking ware. African imports to the island began in the 2 nd century and lasted till the 7 th century, with an increase during the 3 rd and 4 th centuries. Finds suggest that oil and salsamenta were dominant among the imported goods, with smaller quantities of wine. The typology of finds does not differ from that of other eastern Adriatic sites. Results obtained so far are not sufficient to make definite conclusions and there are many questions to be answered, including: what did the local economy look like before? Why does import of these goods start at all? Did the local economy collapse or was this import so aggressive that local economies were not competitive? There is also the possibility that the buyers simply had a desire for diversity on their table. The final destination of these African goods may have been other locations in inland Dalmatia and/or Pannonia that were no longer supplied with, for example, Istrian oil.

This study presents four case studies that elaborate on the results of two field survey projects (the Astura and the Nettuno surveys) that were carried within the ambit of the Pontine Region Project. These comprise 1) revisits to previously mapped sites, 2) the study of a local museum collection, 3) intensive on-site surveys and 4) small-scale excavations at a reference site for the Late Roman and Early Medieval period. The results obtained provide detailed insight the settlement dynamics for the study area and increase the potential of the dataset to approach different aspects of the Roman economy (such as trade, town-countryside relations, demography). At the same time, the study contributes to our understanding of biasing factors associated with archaeological survey.

Fragmentarily preserved vessels of Late Roman red slip wares imported from distant production centres: Pontic, Aegean and North African, selected from the pottery materials collected during the excavations carried out recently near Basilica A in Tropaeum Traiani, were analyzed and discussed in order to obtain important chronological indicators for the studies on the identified contexts, and to show the significance of the location of the investigated settlement at the crossroads of the two principal communication lines in Scythia Minor for the inland distribution of commodities imported from overseas. The highest class red slip pottery finds were divided according to the identified wares originating from different
production centres, and to their specific forms. They are presented in typo-chronological sequences within the wares, while the wares are discussed according to their presence in Tropaeum Traiani: from the most numerous to the least frequently encountered finds. Altogether 132 fragments of imported Late Roman red slip ware vessels were identified. The most numerous were the imports from the Aegean workshops: Late Roman C / Phocaean Red Slip ware (98 fragments) and Late Roman Light Coloured ware (21 fragments). It is important to note that the products from the most distant workshops in Northern Africa - African Red Slip ware (10 fragments) were found more frequently than those from the north-eastern Anatolia, called Pontic Red Slip ware (5 fragments). It clearly indicates that the most significant part of the analyzed pottery was transported together with the strategically important supplies along the western coast of the Black Sea to Scythia Minor from the central part of the empire. The diachronic overview of the discussed finds shows that the first Late Roman red slip vessels began to be brought from the Aegean to Tropaeum Traiani around the late fourth or early fifth century. The significant increase of these imports took place in the second half of the fifth century and the regular overseas supplies lasted until the early seventh century, with their intensification in the first half of the sixth century. The obtained results reflect the settlement activity in and around the excavated part of Tropaeum Traiani and match the general picture of the distribution of the imported red slip vessels along the principal routes of Scythia Minor to its numerous economic and military centres, in the discussed period.

Keywords: Tropaeum Traiani, Scythia Minor, Late Antiquity, red slip pottery, road system, long-distance trade

Resumen: La prospección sistemática del gran castrum de La Marañosa, un emplazamiento encastillado y amurallado de más
de 10 ha de extensión, situado en el municipio de San Martín de la Vega (Madrid), dominando las márgenes del rio Jarama, ha
arrojado un importante conjunto de materiales entre los que sobresalen desde elementos de prestigio como vidrios o cerámicas de
importación hasta piedras de molino de origen volcánico, objetos de un comercio a media y larga distancia, que dan testimonio
de una ocupación al menos desde mediados del siglo V d. C. a época medieval cristiana (s. XII) en secuencia discontinua. De
este amplio conjunto, que está siendo objeto de un detallado estudio hemos seleccionado una muestra de productos cerámicos
de fábrica mediterránea, raros e incluso inéditos en contextos del centro peninsular, por la novedad que aportan para el conocimiento
de la penetración de importaciones tardías en estos territorios, en particular TSA C/D, D2 y LRC.
Summary: The hillfort of La Marañosa extends over more than ten hectares at San Martín de la Vega (Madrid). It is settled
in a dominant position above the banks of the Jarama river. Systematic surveys have revealed an impressive material record,
from glass objects to imported pottery wares, volcanic rotary querns and other objects that come from long and medium range
exchange networks. It was discontinuously occupied since the mid 5th century to the medieval christian period (12th c. AD).
From the wide archaeological repertoire currently under study, we have selected a sample of mediterranean wares. They are scarce
or absent in usual contexts from inner Hispania. They are therefore a novelty and provide data to better assess the extent of late
imports in these territories, especially ARS C/D, D2 and LRC wares.

The part of the momograph is devoted to sites and pottery contexts of Crimea dated from the second half of the VIIth to the late IXth century A.D. Pottery contexts of the second half and late VIIth, first half of the VIIIth, second half of the VIIIth, first half of the IXth and the second half of the IXth centuries AD are examined in details

In the 2012 and 2013 excavation seasons at Assos, the western side of the Hellenistic era North Stoa was excavated to understand the chronology of the building from the stratigraphy of the  ll. Finds dating to the Late Roman period (mid­ late 2nd to mid-late 4th century) were found on a later  oor of the stoa. These Late Roman  nds were covered by a layer of soil 0.45-0.50m deep which concealed Early Byzantine pottery dated from the mid-late 4th to the 6th/7th century. This Early Byzantine layer was covered by rubble in the 6th century which concealed a variety of discoveries from the Classical period to the 6th-7th century. The Early Byzantine layer, however, revealed less complex finds. Some 54.47 % of the wares consisted of red slip table ware, while the rest consisted of coarse wares, storage / transport vessels, oil lamps and earlier unguentaria and black glazed wares.
Phocaean Red Slip Ware from the period between the second half of the 4th and the 6th /7th century is the most common table ware (90.56%). African Red Slip Ware imported from North African workshops between the 4th and the 6th centuries is another red slip table ware and constitutes 4.61 % of the total. Light Colored Ware, for which the Cnidian region is suggested as the production center, is a less common red slip table ware with 0.86%. Overall, 10.85% of the pottery consists of cooking ware including cooking pots and casseroles. Similar examples known as the Aegean type are found in the 5th century context of Corinth and Messene. Other forms found were the lids of cooking ware (2.54%) and kitchen ware (5.92%). Bowls or basins with an averted rim, which have incised decoration depicting waves, parallel lines or notches, are common amongst the kitchen ware. Similar kitchen ware from Ephesus, Miletus and Parion is dated to the 5th-6th century. 10.04% of the pottery is storage/trans- port vessels. The most common LRA 1 amphora has a nearly cylindrical neck ending, a concave rim, and a thick handle. The LRA 1 type of amphorae is known to have originated in Cilicia and Cyprus.

Dm. 32,0 cm; Wandstärke: 0,6 cm; muscheliger Bruch. Ton u. Eng. stark durch sekundären Brand verfärbt: 7.5YR 5/0-7.5YR 5/4-5/6. 8 RS eines Tellers Hayes 61 B Nr. 30/Bonifay sig. 38 (= Hayes 61 B Var. B2) (Abb. 4,2) Dm. 28,5 cm; Wandstärke: 0,6-0,7 cm; muscheliger Bruch. Ton u. Eng. 2.5YR 5/8. Ware: D 2 ; Provenienz: Nordtunesien. Probe 362; Lab. Nr. X312 (Tabelle). FO. Westliches Plateau, Schnitt I, aus kiesig-humoser Schicht. Lit. Pohl 1969a, 104; Pohl 1969b, 163 Taf. 31,7. AO. ASM Inv. Nr. 1954,25. 9 RS eines Tellers Hayes 61 B Nr. 30/Bonifay sig. 38 (= Hayes 61 B Var. B2) (Abb. 4,3) Wandstärke: 0,5-0,6 cm; muscheliger Bruch. Ton u. Eng. 2.5YR 5-6/8. Ware: D 2 ; Provenienz: Nordtunesien. Wandstärke: 0,7 cm; muscheliger Bruch. Ton u. Eng. 2.5YR 5/8. Ware: D 2 ; Provenienz: Nordtunesien. Probe 364; Lab. Nr. X314 (Tabelle). FO. Schnitt K4, südl. Erweiterung. 11 RS eines Tellers Hayes 61 B Nr. 30/Bonifay sig. 38 (= Hayes 61 B Var. B2) (Abb. 4,5) Wandstärke: 0,5 cm; muscheliger Bruch. Ton u. Eng. 2.5YR 5-6/8. Ware: D 2 ; Provenienz: Nordtunesien. Probe 365; Lab. Nr. X315 (Tabelle). FO. Schnitt I, aus Schuttschicht der Umfassungsmauer. Pohl 1969a, 99, wo dieses Stück Schnitt F 3 zugewiesen wurde. AO. ASM Inv. Nr. 1954,15.

Knidos, situated at the southwestern tip of Asia Minor is a city with double-view and a grid (hippodamic) plan, located on two harbors. A building complex has been discovered in the south of the city consisting of seven juxtaposed quadrilateral Rooms and 4 sub-places belonging to the first three of these rooms at a distance of 45 meters from the starting point of the street which is called “Harbor Street”. This complex, which was constructed as part of a major renovation in the second quarter of the fourth century BC, was used for a row of shops in line. The changes in the plan and architectural factors detected on the site indicate that the building called “Room 4,” which is the main focus of this study, had a different function during the Roman Imperial period. This structure, which had been used as a modest shop during the late Classical and Hellenistic periods, became a splendid heroon with Corinthian distyle in antis during the late Antonine period. The heroon  consisted of two sections, a rectangular planned Room, and a platform where the tomb of the heroon’s owner was located as well as a rectangular niche. “Room 4” was later turned into a workshop and/or
shop with some changes during Late Antiquity. Although the current data show that the heroon was turned into a workshop,
archaeological excavations could not identified what kind of a workshop or shop it was. However, the duct system, amphorae placed in it, the high-temperature furnace in the corner of the structure, heavy iron dross, a depot and containers for storage, and spatheia amphorae containing yellow paint indicate manufacturing activities based on a heating and cooling system. The transformation of the structure from heroon to workshop/shop is traced by the archaeological data, particularly coins found there, which show that this change took place around the first quarter of the fifth century AD. The data regarding the use of the workshop/shop are verified as reliable, again thanks to the coins. Bronze
coins found in amphora nests and on the ground provide information about the last use of the structure. Based on these and extensive ceramic findings, the workshop/shop was used during the sixth century AD and abandoned in the mid-seventh century. Ceramic findings are directly connected to the last use of the structure, dated to the seventh century AD, are divided into four groups: fine ware (26%), cooking ware (12%), plain ware (26%), and amphorae (36%). The densest group that was brought to light was amphorae with 36%. This ratio should be deemed normal considering the storage, production, and commercial functions of the structure. This study offers new suggestions for the compromised dating of some forms found in the structure (African Red-Slip Hayes Form 109). The idea that spatheia amphorae, directly related to the original use phase of the workshop/shop in Late Antiquity, could have also been used for the transport of paint (sulfur or perite) can be discussed. This study provides some evaluations made based on daily usage types or secondary uses of some amphorae (spatheion) in antiquity. In this study, new suggestions about usage and contents of spatheion amphorae were given in the light of chemical analyzes. According to chemical analysis, three amphoras contain sulfur or perite. Similarly, the study focuses on secondary-use stoppers/pessoi samples
formed by using pieces of terracotta pots or amphorae.

After the second quarter of the 3rd century, no-red clay, relief-decorated lamps of type Deneauve VIII B were made and produced as red slipped lamps in two sigillata potteries in Central Tunisia (so-called surmoulage) (fig. 4, 1.2). These predecessors of the novel red slipped lamps made of red clay of types Atlante I-IV A (fig. 3), were produced in a sort of typological experimental phase from around AD 230/250. The lamps, which were mainly produced in the workshops at Henchir el Guellal near Djilma, often depict decorative motifs based on pagan gods, but also amphitheatre and circus themes. These motifs can be found on high quality, applique-decorated red slipped vessels in fabric C 1/2 (or El Aouja sigillata), made in the well-known potteries of Sidi Marzouk Tounsi. Further appliqués were then moulded from these vessels. One example is the depiction of Prometheus, chained to the rock, on a lamp type Atlante IV A Var., which is an otherwise unknown motif on red slipped lamps. The identical image can be found on a sigillata jug in fabric C 1/2 (figs. 5-6). The lamp can be dated to the last third of the 3 rd or the early 4 th century AD.

Abkürzungen siehe Verzeichnis S.673. Die Inventarnummer (AO. Musée de Carthage, Depot der DAI-Grabung) setzt sich aus der Fund stelle M I oder M Ila-c (vgl. S. 43 ff., bes. $oAbb. 10), dem Jahr der Prospektion und der Objektnummer zusammen. Die Farbangaben in den Katalogen A-F beziehen sich auf die Munsell Soil Color Charts (1975 edition): 510 und des Borstenkamms auf dem Rücken sowie des Ringelschwanzes mit den beiden Hoden. Maxima le Höhe noch 1,85 cm.-Fuchs mit langem, buschi gem Schwanz nach rechts laufend. Maximale Höhe noch 1,5 cm. Auf der ungleichmäßigen, leicht wel ligen Unterseite mit dem Stilus freihändig einge ritztes Haus-oder Wildschwein nach rechts ste hend. H. 1,65 cm; L. 2,7 cm. Graffito von zwei vor Katalog der Arbeitsgeräte dem Brand verursachten breiteren Scharten in der hinteren Hälfte beeinträchtigt. An den Schmalseiten der Matrize zur oberen Kante hin bis 0,5 cm breite, leicht angeschrägte Ab glättspuren. H. der Matrize 6,8 cm; Br. noch 4,9 cm; Stärke 1,5-1,6 cm.

This paper is a first attempt at the review and 'seriation' of the main pottery contexts used for the dating of the ARS, LRC and LRD from c. AD 200 to c. AD 700. A series of 105 key contexts from sites scattered across the Mediterranean are summarised and discussed on the basis of the working document prepared in 2008 for the first session of the LRFW1 workshop.

Augusta Vindelicum/Augsburg offers a significant assemblage of
African Red Slip Ware, cooking ware and lamps from the late 1st to the first half of the 5th century AD. This paper concentrates on the
range and origin of North African pottery from Augsburg as
well as on chemical analyses with wavelength-dispersive
X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF). Distribution
patterns of African Red Slip Ware in Raetia will also be discussed.

Lo scavo di emergenza di via Caprera ha restituito un’interessante quantità di sigillata africana. Dei 244 frammenti rinvenuti, per 56 campioni è stato possibile riconoscere il tipo morfologico e la produzione di appartenenza. Sono attestate le produzioni A, C e D, quest’ultima risulta essere preponderante rispetto alle altre. Interessante è la totale assenza della fabbrica A/D così come la presenza di due forme di imitazione. Lo stato di conservazione del materiale non ha permesso il recupero di forme intere e anche i frammenti ricomponibili sono poco numerosi.

The study presents a summary of the development over 500 years of the high-quality North African red slip ware, a fineware which was mainly used as tableware. The masterful handicraft of several large pottery production centres in one of Rome’s economically most important provinces, Africa Proconsularis, is particularly well reflected in the exceptional relief-decorated wares. The study focuses on the rare appliqué-decorated north Tunisian red slip ware of the late 2nd/early 3rd century and also the wide range of forms and decorations of the appliqué-, relief- and stamp-decorated red slip ware of the early 3rd to mid 6th century, produced in Sidi Marzouk Tounsi, the most important pottery production centre in central Tunisia which operated for at least 350 years. Production at this site included lamps and terracotta figurines in red slip ware as well, but in particular a wide variety of plain and decorated red slip ware vessels made not only for a regional market, but for Mediterranean long-distance trade.
Research is based on the exceptionally extensive collection accumulated by K. Wilhelm mainly between 1960 and 1995. The material is presented in a catalogue containing 138 vessels and 104 fragments, including several unique vessel forms and a series of unknown appliqués and stamp types. For comparison, some important, but partially unpublished vessels and fragments in several European, North American and North African museums and private collections were additionally taken into account.
For the first time, the decoration schemes and also the vessel forms of an appliqué-decorated pottery produced in a north-eastern and in another central Tunisian production centre throughout the late 2nd and 3rd century, are classified and clearly represented. The research also succeeded in defining the late phase of the so-called El Aouja ware and highlights the stylistic development leading to the appliqué-decorated red slip ware of the 4th century. Moreover, the analysis of the appliqué and relief decoration with pagan, allegoric and early Christian motifs emphasises an iconographic transformation over the centuries based on the visible change in the figural scenes. Of utmost importance is the fact that the production centre at Sidi Marzouk Tounsi clearly survived the Vandal rule of the provinces Africa and Byzacena (429-533/534). Alongside the late relief-decorated red slip wares, there is now also evidence for the production of mould-made, relief-decorated red slip ware platters and several specific forms with mainly Christian motifs, far exceeding the previously suggested end of production (c. 430/440) and suggesting an end around the middle of the 6th century.

The first instalment of this essay was intended to explain why archaeologists with an expertise in numismatics justifiably despair of archaeologists who lack numismatic skills. It should be clear to those who read it that 4th century coins had a long use life and were dominant in 5th c. contexts. Dominant to the extent that in most contexts no 5th c. coins are present and in those instances where they do occur, some scholars may argue that they are intrusive. This instalment is about how to identify 4th c. coins used and deposited in the 5th c.

The volume analyzes three contexts of the historic centre of Naples (Girolomini, Santa Patrizia and Piazza Bovio) that provide an insight into a chronological horizon, between the last quarter of the 4th century AD and the first half of the 5th century AD, almost unknown in Naples but of great importance both in terms of material culture and how to organize daily life, for the many clues of those changes that will characterize the second half of the fifth century. The study is based on the analysis of ceramic finds with archaeometrical insights for some classes related both to issues of origin and technological character. From a strictly ceramological and ceramocentric plan, the analysis then moves towards the reconstruction of consumption, convivial and cooking methods, and the definition of the economic landscape on a local, regional and Mediterranean scale. The pottery data are integrated with archeozoological finds and evidence of other classes (such as glass, metals) applying multivariate analysis that leads to new interpretative hypothesis of the ceramic assemblages.

Il volume analizza tre contesti del centro storico di Napoli (Girolomini, Santa Patrizia e Piazza Bovio) che forniscono un insight su un orizzonte cronologico, compreso tra l' ultimo quarto del IV sec. d.C. e la prima metà del V sec. d.C., quasi sconosciuto a Napoli ma di grande rilevanza sia per quanto riguarda la cultura materiale che le modalità di organizzazione della vita quotidiana, per i molteplici indizi di quei cambiamenti che caratterizzeranno la seconda metà del V secolo. Lo studio si basa sull' analisi dei reperti ceramici con approfondimenti archeometrici per alcune classi relativi sia a questioni di provenienza che di carattere tecnologico. Da un piano strettamente ceramologico e ceramo-centrico l' analisi si muove poi verso la ricostruzione dei consumi, delle modalità conviviali e di cottura, e la definizione del paesaggio economico su scala locale, regionale e mediterranea. I dati ceramologici sono integrati con le evidenze archeozoologiche e di altre classi di materiale (vetri, metalli) anche mediante l' applicazione di metodi di statistica multivariata che permettono di guardare ai contesti ceramici con nuove ipotesi interpretative.