Peter PuchalaRelated papers
Recent experience of BioREGIO Carpathians project: IUCN categorization of species occuring in the Carpathian region of Hungary
In conservation biology increasingly more countries are using the IUCN categorization (IUCN category and criteria) to describe species occurrence and population dynamics. Although, the evaluation process of the categories is strict, the category and criteria might change, due to different spatial levels (continent, country, region), which often provide basis for considerable debates, like in the BioRegio Carpathians SEE. The basic aim of the program is to manage and conserve protected areas and natural resources in the Carpathian region, therefore increase the attractiveness of the area. Our aim with this study is to demonstrate the difficulties of the assessment and to draw attention to potential pitfalls. We have evaluated IUCN categories for 46 fish, 13 mammal and four bird species. Based on our result we can state that we usually do not even have enough verified data to evaluate the exact IUCN categories for more studied and well known taxa like mammals or birds. Primary reason for this is the lack for sufficient data (area, population size, population decrease/increase) that is needed for an accurate evaluation.
From Red Lists to Species of Conservation Concern
Conservation Biology, 2004
National red lists of threatened animal and plant species prepared according to the criteria of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) adequately reflect the extinction risk of species within a country but cannot be used directly to set conservation priorities. In particular, the significance of national populations for the conservation of the species as a whole is not taken into account. We present a procedure that can be used to assess national responsibility based on the national red-list status of a species, the international importance of the national population, and the species' "historical rarity" status. We distinguished five responsibility classes for breeding birds: B1, threatened species with internationally important populations in Switzerland; B2, threatened species with internationally less important populations; B3, nonthreatened species with internationally important populations; B4, nonthreatened species with internationally less important populations; and B5, species that have never been common in Switzerland. Two responsibility classes were distinguished for birds occurring in Switzerland as visitors: G1, species with large concentrations in Switzerland and an unfavorable conservation status in Europe, and G2, species with large concentrations in Switzerland and a favorable conservation status in Europe. Two additional classes (G3 and G4) for visiting species occurring in internationally less important numbers are possible but were not analyzed in detail. Responsibility classes B1, B2, B3, G1, and G2 were defined as species of national conservation concern. We developed the method for birds in Switzerland, but it can be used in other countries and for other taxonomic groups as well. It is particularly suitable where national red lists are established according to IUCN guidelines.
AS WE SEE IT:Harmonization of Red Lists in Europe: some lessons learned in the Netherlands when applying the new IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 3.1
Endangered Species Research, 2007
Species Conservation Profiles compliant with the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Biodiversity data journal, 2016
č
CARPATHIAN RED LIST
OF FOREST HABITATS
AND SPECIES
CARPATHIAN LIST OF
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
(DRAFT)
THE STATE NATURE CONSERVANCY
OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
2014
CARPATHIAN RED LIST
OF FOREST HABITATS AND SPECIES
CARPATHIAN LIST OF
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
(DRAFT)
PUBLISHED BY
THE STATE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
2014
Table of contents
Draft Red Lists of Threatened Carpathian Habitats and Species
and Carpathian List of Invasive Alien Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Draft Carpathian Red List of Forest Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Red List of Vascular Plants of the Carpathians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Draft Carpathian Red List of Molluscs (Mollusca). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Red List of Spiders (Araneae) of the Carpathian Mts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Draft Red List of Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Carpathians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
© Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky, 2014
Red List of Grasshoppers, Bush-crickets and Crickets (Orthoptera)
of the Carpathian Mountains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Editor: Ján Kadleтík
Available from: Štátna ochrana prírody SR
Tajovského 28B
974 01 Banská Bystrica
Slovakia
Draft Red List of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Carpathian Mts. . . . . . . . . . 200
Draft Carpathian Red List of Fish and Lamprey Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
ISBN 978-80-89310-81-4
Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Amphibians (Lissamphibia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Program švajčiarsko-slovenskej spolupráce
Swiss-Slovak Cooperation Programme
Slovenská
republika
Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Reptiles (Reptilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Draft Carpathian Red List of Birds (Aves). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Mammals (Mammalia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Draft List of Invasive Alien Species of the Carpathian Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
This publication was elaborated within BioREGIO Carpathians project supported by South East Europe Programme
and was financed by a Swiss-Slovak project supported by the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union and
Carpathian Wetlands Initiative.
DRAFT RED LISTS OF THREATENED
CARPATHIAN HABITATS AND SPECIES
AND CARPATHIAN LIST OF INVASIVE
ALIEN SPECIES
Ján Kadle ík (editor)
1. Introduction
The Carpathian Mountains, ranging across seven countries from the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania and the small part of Serbia, are
Europe’s last great natural area with rich biodiversity and
diversified landscapes1. They host a unique natural and
cultural diversity, exceptional at the European scale and
are recognized as one of the biodiversity hotspots. Ongoing socioeconomic changes and environmental impacts
influence this sensitive ecological system in the region and
call for further joint action2.
This publication is result of the activities of the Work
Package 3 of the project Integrated management of biological
and landscape diversity for sustainable regional development and
ecological connectivity in the Carpathians3 (“BioREGIO Carpathians”) funded from the South East Europe Transnational Cooperation Programme. The activitity was lead
during 2011 – 2014 by the State Nature Conservancy of
the Slovak Republic as a partner of the project. The publication was prepared in cooperation with the other project
Development of nature conservation and protected areas in Slovak
Carpathians funded from the Swiss-Slovak Cooperation
Programe4 and provides first draft lists of threatened habitats and species native to the Carpathians and the list of
invasive alien species in the Carpathian region as a basis
for further consultation and finalization for final approval by the Carpathian Convention bodies and following
activities.
Assessment was made for selected taxonomic groups for
which we expected to have sufficient data to synthesise
and communicate on the conservation status (mammals,
birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, butterflies, orthopterans, dragonflies, spiders, molluscs and vascular plants),
using IUCN Red List categories and criteria (version 3.1)
(IUCN 2012a). The innovative approach was used when
developing the Red List for habitats for which there are
still only draft guidelines prepared by IUCN. Because of
delays in contracting the specialists for the Red List of
non-forest habitats, in this publication only Red List of
forest habitats is included. The Red List of non-forest
habitats will be available on the relevant web sites of the
projects.
Red Lists are lists of animal and plant species, plant communities, habitats and habitat complexes that are either
collapsed, extinct, have disappeared or are endangered.
The Red List is a tool to inform and catalyse action for biodiversity conservation and policy change, critical to protecting the natural resources. It provides information on
population size and trends, geographic range and habitat
needs of species5.
For the purposes of regional conservation assessments
there are important reasons to assess species΄ extinction
risk and publish Red Lists within specific geographically defined areas and special guidelines were produced by
IUCN to assist in the application of the IUCN Red List
Categories and Criteria at regional levels (IUCN 2012b).
The Red Lists have many uses in conservation including:
• Conservation planning – informing species-based
conservation actions and identifying important sites
for conservation.
• Decision-making – influencing conservation decisions at multiple scales, from environmental impact assessments to international multilateral environmental
1
http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/black_sea_basin/danube_carpathian/blue_river_green_mtn/
http://www.bioregio-carpathians.eu/
3
http://www.bioregio-carpathians.eu/
4
http://www.sopsr.sk/web/?cl=10705
5
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/our_work/the_iucn_red_list/
2
5
•
agreements.
Monitoring – indicating the current status of species
and revealing trends in their extinction risk over time,
to track progress towards biodiversity targets6.
To assess current and potential future threats to the biological diversity, ecosystems, habitats or species of the
Carpathians caused by introduction or release of invasive
alien species (IAS) within the national territory of each
Party and to prevent introduction or realease of IAS or to
harmonize and coordinate measures and common actions
it is necessary first to identify such species which are likely
to have adverse environmental impacts that could affect
the biological diversity, ecosystems, habitats or species of
the Carpathians. Therefore the first List of Invasive Alien
Species was elaborated for further consultation and development.
This initiative:
• makes a contribution to the implementation of provisions of the Carpathian Convention;
• makes a contribution to the Global and European
Red Lists by adding Carpathian species and habitats,
and to the European Lists of Invasive Alien Species;
• provides the basis for a consolidated Carpathian lists
as a baseline for monitoring the success of future conservation action;
• is a mechanism for species conservation and management of invasive species in the region; and
• communicates the best possible consensus information on habitats and species status to Conventions and
governments to promote conservation action on the
ground.
The initiative tried to mobilize existing knowledge on species status which is sometimes dispersed or unpublished,
and to make it available for conservation purposes. Unfortunately from different reasons we could not ensure
full participation of all appropriate experts and scientists,
but with support from about 100 specialists from all Carpathian countries we received the good basis for further
development of lists of threaned habitats, threatened
species and of invasive alien species in the Carpathian
Mountains.
2. Assessments
2.1 Objectives of the assessment
The objectives of regional assessments can be defined e.g.
according to FREYHOF & BROOKS (2011):
• To contribute to regional conservation planning
through the provision of a baseline dataset describing
the conservation status of the regions species.
• To identify those geographic areas and habitats that
6
7
6
•
•
need conservation measures to prevent extinctions
and ensure that species reach and maintain a favourable conservation status.
To identify the major threats and propose mitigating
measures and conservation actions to address them.
To strengthen the network of experts focused on
conservation of species in the region, so that the assessments can be kept up-to-date, and expertise be targeted to address the highest conservation priorities.
To work on hamononized policies and measures aiming
at the prevention of introduction of invasive alien species
(IAS) which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts and to take measures for their controla or eradication at regional level, it is crucial to identify those species
and assess their potential to affect biological diversity in
the region.
2.2 Background
The Parties to the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians
(Kyiv, Ukraine; 2003 – the “Carpathian Convention”) according to its Article 4 on Conservation and sustainable use
of biological and landscape diversity agreed to pursue policies
aiming at conservation, sustainable use and restoration
of biological and landscape diversity throughout the Carpathians. They commited themselves to take appropriate
measures to ensure a high level of protection and sustainable use of natural and semi-natural habitats, their continuity and connectivity, and species of flora and fauna
being characteristic to the Carpathians, in particular the
protection of endangered species, endemic species and
large carnivores. The Parties shall pursue policies aiming
at the prevention of introduction of alien invasive species, their control or eradication. Another obligation is to
develop and/or promote compatible monitoring systems,
coordinated regional inventories of species and habitats,
coordinated scientific research, and their networking.
These provisions are further elaborated in obligatory articles of the Protocol on Conservation and Sustainable
Use of Biological and Landscape Diversity to the Carpathian Convention (Bucharest, 2008; the “Protocol”) with
objective to enhance the conservation, restoration and
sustainable use of biological and landscape diversity of
the Carpathians, bringing benefits to present and future
generations. To achieve these objectives, the Parties shall
harmonise and coordinate their efforts and cooperate on
conservation, maintenance and sustainable use of natural
and semi-natural habitats and conservation and sustainable use of species of flora and fauna, they should cooperate especially on the development, harmonization and
implementation of relevant management plans aimed at
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/our_work/the_iucn_red_list/
http://www.carpathianconvention.org/documents-carpathian-convention.html
achieving common standards for protection and sustainable use of habitats and species, prevention of introduction of invasive alien species which might threaten ecosystems, habitats or species native to the Carpathians, their
control or eradication. Another field is development and/
or promotion of compatible biodiversity indicators and
monitoring systems, of coordinated regional inventories
of species and habitats, development and/or promotion
of coordinated scientific research programs and projects,
etc.
According to the Article 8 of the Protocol (Conservation,
maintenance, restoration and sustainable use of natural and seminatural habitats) and the Article 12 (Conservation of endangered
species including endemic species, and large carnivores of the Carpathians) the Conference of the Parties shall adopt a list of
endangered natural and semi-natural habitat types native
to the Carpathians (Carpathian Red List of Habitats) and
a list of endangered flora and fauna species native to the
Carpathians (Carpathian Red List of Species) based on
internationally recognized principles and criteria.
According to the Article 13 (Prevention of the introduction of
invasive alien species and/or genetically modified organisms threatening ecosystems, habitats or species, their control or eradication)
each Party shall pursue policies aiming at the prevention
of introduction or release of invasive alien species (IAS)
which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts
that could affect the biological diversity, ecosystems, habitats or species of the Carpathians, including early warning
on occurrence of new invasive alien species on its territory. The Parties shall take measures to prevent introduction
or release of IAS and, if need be, control or eradication
of such species.
In the Article 18 (Compatible monitoring and information systems) the Parties agreed to cooperate to develop a joint
information system on biological and landscape diversity
in the Carpathians and to support coordinated regional
inventories of species and habitats of the Carpathians.
The implementation document for the above mentioned obligations of the Contracting Parties to the Carpathian Convention is the Strategic Action Plan adopted in
20118.
Action 2.1. (The elaboration of the Carpathian Red List of Habitats) and Action 3.1. (Carpathian Red List of Species elaboration) of the Strategic Action Plan require
• Compile and analyse scientific data, national inventories and maps of natural and semi-natural habitats
and concerning flora and fauna species native to the
Carpathians, in particular endangered species including endemic species and large carnivores, within the
national territory of each Party;
• Elaborate the proposal of the Carpathian Red List
of Habitats, including endangered natural and seminatural habitat types native to the Carpathians, which
8
either are in danger of disappearance in their natural
range, or have a small natural range following their
regression or by reason of their intrinsically restricted
area, or present outstanding examples of typical characteristics of the Carpathian region - to be adopted
by the Conference of the Parties, and revised every
twelve years.
• Prepare the proposal of the Carpathian Red List of
Species based on compilation and analysis of scientific data and national inventories concerning endangered species, including endemic flora and fauna species
native to the Carpathians, and large carnivores and
following internationally recognized principles and
criteria (e.g. IUCN Red List Criteria) to be adopted
by the Conference of the Parties, and revised every
twelve years.
Action 5.1. asks to develop national policies and/or strategies targeted at the prevention of introduction or release
of invasive alien species which are likely to have adverse
environmental impacts that could affect the biological diversity, ecosystems, habitats or species of the Carpathians
in the national territory; or, if such policies and/or strategies are already in place - evaluate their effectiveness and
implementation up to date.
Action 9.1. requires to cooperate with scientific and other
relevant institutions on:
a) Elaboration of guidelines on harmonisation of environmental monitoring programmes of the Parties in
the Carpathians, in particular those concerning habitats and species native to the Carpathians, with the
objective to ensure data comparability;
b) Preparation of the proposals for common monitoring
programs to be jointly undertaken in the Carpathians
by the Parties, in particular those concerning endangered natural and semi-natural habitat types listed in
the Carpathian Red List of Habitats and listed in the
Carpathian Red List of Species.
Finally Action 9.2. assesses duties to cooperate to develop a joint information system on the state of biological
and landscape diversity in the Carpathians, based on the
relevant existing Clearing House Mechanisms, including
national results of the public research provided by the
Parties and results of the common scientific programs
and projects jointly undertaken in the Carpathians by the
Parties, a joint biodiversity information system should be
established.
These were the reasons why the development of the Carpathian Red List of threatened habitats and species and
the List of Invasive Alien Species of the Carpathians were
included as important activity to the project “Integrated
management of biological and landscape diversity for sustainable regional development and ecological connectivity
in the Carpathians” (BioREGIO Carpathians).
http://www.carpathianconvention.org/documents-thematic-areas.html
7
The activity was coordinated by the Project Partner 9 –
the State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic in
Banská Bystrica and other relevant project partners were
involved (Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Szent István University – Hungary, Environmental Information Centre UNEP/GRID Warszaw – Poland,
Regional Environmental Protection Agency Sibiu and
Iron Gates Natural Park Administration – Romania, National Forest Centre – Slovakia, Public Enterprise Djerdap
National Park – Serbia and Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
– Ukraine) which engaged about 100 experts working on
threatened habitats, species and invasive alien species of
plants and animals.
The first Carpathian List of Endangered Species was
compiled by Z. J. Witkowski, W. Król and W. Solarz (WITKOWSKI et al. eds 2003) and published more than 10 years
ago by the Carpathian Ecoregion Initiative, WWF and
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of
Sciences. This Red List also covered only part of the Carpathians΄ taxonomic groups and compiled information
on red listed taxa and valuable plant alliances in particular
Carpathian countries without assessment expressed clearly in used criteria on regional level.
Ivan Vološтuk (Vološтuk ed. 1996) compiled lists of threatened plants and vertebrates of 17 Carpathian national
parks.
Within limited time, funding, expertise and data available
in the BioREGIO project our ambition was to prepare
at least first drafts of the Red List of forest habitats and
non-forest habitats, Red List of vascular plants, of Vertebrates and selected groups of Invertebrates, and the
List of Invasive Alien Species for further improvements
and approval by the Carpathian Convention Contracting
Parties.
We understand that there is much to be done and to increase the number of species assessed, improving the
taxonomic coverage and thus providing a stronger base
to enable better conservation and policy decisions in the
Carpathian region. Additional projects for further harmonization of data sets and compiling of lists of threatened
There are not many comprehensive regional Red Lists developed in Europe so far.
IUCN and the European Commission have been working
together on an initiative to assess around 6,000 European
species according to IUCN regional Red Listing Guidelines. To date, European regional assessments have been
completed for mammals, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies,
dragonflies, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial
molluscs as well as for selected saproxylic beetles, and vascular plant species. Currently there are assessing also pollinators (bees and bumblebees), priority medicinal plants
and marine fishes and reassessing all birds9.
The Mediterranean Red List is an on-going process that
aims at assessing the conservation staFigure 1 Map of the Carpathian eco-region as used in the CBIS.
tus of the fauna and flora of the Mediterranean region considered also as
a biodiversity hotspot. This initiative
highlights the species that are threatened with extinction at the Mediterranean level (e.g. mammals, reptiles,
amphibians, freshwater and marine
fishes, freshwater molluscs, dragonflies, and selected groups of vascular
plants) – so that appropriate regional
and local conservation action can be
taken to improve their status10.
Another regional Red Lists exist for
sea basins - Black Sea Red Data Book11
and Baltic Sea Red Lists of biotopes12
and species13 (HELCOM 2013a, b).
All these initiatives have been implemented in specific long-term projects
with involvement of a number of
specialists and funding from different
sources.
9
http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/europe
http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/mediterranean
11
http://www.grid.unep.ch/bsein/redbook/index.htm
12
http://helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/red-list-of-biotopes-habitats-and-biotope-complexes/
13
http://helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/red-list-of-species
14
www.carpates.org/cbis/orogs.html
taxa in the Carpathians are necessary.
The collected data will be integrated in the Carpathian
Joint Biodiversity Information System (CJBIS).
2.3 Assessment Methodology
species assessments. For biotopes (habitats), which would
have collapsed only in the region, we allocated category
Regionally Collapsed (RC). Biotopes (habitats) in the territory of the Carpathians that have not been evaluated at
all belong to the category Not Evaluated (NE). Biotopes
(habitats), which are not included in the territory of the
Carpathians, are classified Not Applicable (NA) (BARANсOK et al. 2014).
2.3.1 Geographic scope
The boundaries of the Carpathians as used for the purpose of this assessment are shown in
Figure 2 Structure of the proposed IUCN Red List categories for non-forest biotopes
Figure 1. This map was used in previ(habitats) in the Carpathians by Barančok et al. (unpublished)
ous projects for development of the
Carpathian Biodiversity Information
System (CBIS)14. This includes borders of 309 orographic units (in eastern Czech Republic, south-eastern
Poland, most of Slovakia, northern
Hungary, western Ukraine, big part
of Romania and small part of eastern
Serbia), and the organisation of data
collection could be compatible with
previous Carpathian projects.
2.3.2 Habitats/biotopes assessment
The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems
Categories and Criteria (RODRIGUES
et al. 2011) were only proposed in the
time of developing the Carpathian
Red List of habitats. The draft methodology was adapted to the Carpathians to assess the risk
of collapse of the forest and non-forest habitat types, or
whether they are vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered, assessing losses in area, degradation or other
major changes such as conversion15. The present assessment can be considered as a case study to classify and list
the ecosystems and document their status and so highlight best practices in ecosystem management.
The proposed IUCN Red List categories for habitats are
similar to those used by the IUCN for the assessment of
species (IUCN 2001). The structure of the categories and
their relation can be found in Fig. 2. The threatened habitats are categorized either as Critically Endangered (CR),
Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU). Habitats that just
fail to meet the criteria of the threatened categories are
classified Near Threatened (NT) and ecosystems that
unambiguously meet none of the criteria are Least Concern (LC). Habitats that are in a state of their ecological
optima and are without threat, are classified as Ecologically Satisfactory (ES). Analogous to the species categories,
an additional category Data Deficient (DD) is given to
biotopes (habitats) for which too few data exist to apply any criterion. Biotopes (habitats) that have collapsed
throughout their distribution area are categorized Collapsed (CO), which corresponds to the category Extinct in
In order to create the Carpathian Red List of threatened
biotopes (habitats) the development of national red lists
of biotopes (habitats) was proposed. The special forms
and database were developed for forest and non-forest
habitats to collect data from all Carpathian countries with
the agreed structure, consistent with the Guidelines for
Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels
(IUCN 2003) and categories and criteria proposed for use
in developing a red list of ecosystems by RODRIGUES et
al. (2011).
Biotopes (habitats) in categories CO, RC, CR, EN, VU,
NT, LC, ES and DD were selected as a basis for creation of draft Carpathian Red List. Final categorisation of
the biotopes (habitats) on Carpathian level was done after
common consultations and workshops of expert teams.
2.3.3 Species assessment
The conservation status of the Carpathian species at regional level was assessed using the 2001 IUCN Red List
Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1 (IUCN 2001, 2012a) and
the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at
Regional Levels (IUCN 2003, 2012b).
The structure of IUCN Red List categories at regional
level is the following:
10
8
15
http://www.iucnredlistofecosystems.org/
9
Figure 3. IUCN Red List categories for species at regional level (IUCN 2012b).
In the preparatory phase of the assessment the project
partners were asked to use the most recent version of
the national Red List or to create / update national Red
Lists of Carpathian species using consistent Guidelines
for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional
Levels (IUCN 2003, 2012b).
The idea was to make an overview of all taxa (checklists)
that are categorised in every Carpathian country. National
lists of these taxa from each country were included in the
on-line data forms developed specially for this project in
order to harmonise data collection and assessment procedure and documentation (Fig. 4).
Figure 4. Structure of the on-line form for species assessment.
10
11
Figure 5. Example of the data evaluated at national level.
12
13
Evaluation on regional level took into consideration the information of Global Red List16 and of European red lists17 .
Figure 6. The database allows to compare results and to generate maps.
2.3.4 Invasive Alien Species assessment
For compiling the Carpathian List of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) were used flora and fauna databases, catalogues
or lists of alien species or lists of IAS already existing in
the project countries.
For alien species or IAS were used definitions of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) for the purpose of
the CBD Guiding Principles for the Prevention, Introduction and
Mitigation of Impacts of Alien Species that Threaten Ecosystems,
Habitats or Species (annexed to CBD Decision VI/23)18 as
follows:
- alien species: a species, subspecies or lower taxon,
introduced outside its natural past or present distribution, includes any part, gamets, seeds, eggs or propagules of such species that might survive and subsequently reproduce;
-
-
-
invasive alien species: an alien species whose introduction and/or spread threaten biological diversity;
introduction: the movement by human agency, indirect or direct, of an alien species outside of its natural
range (past or present). This movement can be either
within a country or between countries or areas beyond
national jurisdiction.
intentional introduction: the deliberate movement
and/or release by human of an alien species outside
its natural range
unintentional introduction: all other introductions
which are not intentional
For listing a particular species the assessment of the
species was done and it took into account its taxonomic
identity, time of immigration and invasion status. When
defining the status of a species in a region/country some
factors were taken into account: origin status (whether the
taxon is native or alien to the region/country), residence
status (when was the taxon introduced and what its position is in the invasion process) and invasion status (what is
the degree of its naturalization and possible invasion).
The species were assessed in categories as casual alien species (not established), naturalized alien species (rare and local),
and invasive alien species (a naturalized species that produces reproductive offspring, often in very large numbers,
and thus have the potential to spread over a considerable
area19.
To establish the database on IAS the on-line form was
developed, too.
Assessed were vascular plants, vertebrates and some
groups of invertebrates. Species identified as invasive in
one of the Carpathian countries were assessed as candidates for the Carpathian List. These were evaluated according to criteria as: number of countries/orographical
units and area occupied by the species, impacts on biodiversity (or human health and economy), in some cases
invasive potential of the species.
3. Results
The assessments were organized by team leaders focu-
sed on forest habitats (Ivor Rizman), non-forest habitats (Peter Baranтok), vascular plants (Peter Turis, Pavol
Eliáš jun.), molluscs (Ѽubomíra Vavrová), spiders (Peter
Gajdoš), dragonfies (Dušan Šácha), orthopterans (Anton
Krištín), butterflies (Henrik Kalivoda), fish and lamprey
species (Ján Košтo), amphibians, reptiles (Peter Urban),
birds (Peter Puchala) and mammals (Peter Urban), and on
Invasive Alien Species (Ema Gojdiтová).
3.1. Number of red listed and of invasive alien species
Final versions of the Carpathian Red List and the List of
Invasive Alien Species are the result of a scientific consensus reached by participating experts. It will be publicised on BioREGIO and Carpathian Convention websites
for following discussion and updating. These are the lists
of Carpathian habitats and taxa classified in categories,
described by criteria, data on endemism and listings in
other Conventions (Bern Convention, Bonn Convention)
and EU directives (Habitats Directive, Birds Directive).
Documentation to each categorised species and distribution maps (mostly on level of orographic units) in the
Carpathians are in the databases. The list of IAS listed the
species identified in most of the Carpathian countries as
invasive and causing problems.
16
www.iucnredlist.org
www.iucnredlist.org/europe and http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist
18
http://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=7197
17
14
19
http://www.bioregio-carpathians.eu/key-outputs-and-publications.html
15
This report is the first summary of the draft red lists of
habitats and species and of the black list of invasive alien
species of the Carpathians on which the Carpathian Convention can build.
The overview of the results of assessments of the risk of
collapse/extinction of habitats and species at the regional
(Carpathian) level is in the Table 1.
Figure 7. The database helps in compiling statistical data.
Forty forest habitat types were classified in some of the
categories of threat, while 105 non-forest habitat types
are threatened in the Carpathian region. 21 vascular plant
species already disappeared from the region and 13 species are probably regionally extinct in the Carpathians. Additional about 450 plant species are considered threatened
in the region. In the selected groups of invertebrates are
threatened 37 species of molluscs, 166 species of spiders
(5 regionally extinct), 9 species of dragonflies, 20 species
of orthopterans, 52 species of butterflies (and 2 are regionally extinct). The most threatened group of vertebrates
are birds (27 species and 1 regionally extinct), fishes (25
species, 2 regionally extinct), mammals (22 species), for
reptiles were identified 7 threatened species and for amphibians 6 species.
This information will help to put national conservation
priorities into a Carpathian context, thus maximising the
effectiveness of local and national conservation measures, and facilitating the development of integrated regional conservation strategies.
As for the invasive alien species in the final table were
included identified vascular plants, molluscs, malacostracans (a group of crustatians), orthopterans, true bugs
(Hemiptera), butterflies, beetles, reptiles and mammals.
Table 1: Threatened categories of habitats and species assessed in the Carpathians
Groups assessed
Forest habitats
Non-forest habitats
Vascular plants
Mollusca
Araneae
Odonata
Orthoptera
Lepidoptera
Petromyzontes, Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
IUCN “threatened” categories
CO, EX, (EX?) RC, RE, (RE?) CR (CR(PE))
EN
0
0
13
10
0
0
10
26
(1)
20 (13)
95 (3)
135
0
0
1
6
0
5
8
44
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
10
0
2
0
25
0
2
2
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
5
14
1
0
2
3
VU
17
69
219
30
114
5
10
27
16
6
3
8
17
Legend: CO = Collapsed (for habitats); EX = Extinct; EX? = probably extinct (for species); RC = Regionally Collapsed; RE = Regionally Extinct; RE? = probably regionally extinct; CR = Critically Endangered; CR(PE) = Critically Endangered (possibly extinct);
EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable
16
Groups assessed
Vascular plants
Mollusca
Malacostraca
Orthoptera
Hemiptera
Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Osteichthyes
Reptilia
Mammalia
Table 2: Invasive alien plant and animal species in the Carpathians
Number of
species
37
11
1
1
2
6
4
10
1
4
The list of invasive alien species includes 77 taxa (37 plant
species and 40 animal species). From plant species, 32 are
herbs and 5 woody plants. Majority of animal species are
Invertebrates, 14 arthropods and 11 molluscs are listed.
The most numerous group of invasive Vertebrates are
fishes (with 10 species on the list).
3.2 Major threats identified in the different assessments
Some species and habitat types have naturally restricted
range and they occur in low densities with limited dispersal and these are especially sensitive to any change in
the habitat structure or in the surrounding areas. Other
species or habitats are relatively well distributed but are
facing increasing pressure. Main threats to species in the
Carpathians are:
• Habitat loss, degradation, destruction, fragmentation
or alteration
– deforestation, intensive logging, decreasing of
area of virgin and old-growth forests, removal of
dead wood from forests;
– afforestation of non-forest areas, e.g. dry rocky
habitats, wet grasslands, changes in land use, agriculture intensification, overgrazing on one hand
and land abandonment on the other, decline in
traditional farming and management, grass cutting
•
•
•
•
•
and grazing and following succession leading to
overgrowing by shrubs and trees, etc.;
– forest fires;
– changes in character of water bodies and sediments, water regime mismanagement, loss of temporary freshwater habitats, e. g. seasonal ponds
and other wetlands, water abstraction building of
migration barriers, fragmentation of rivers, dam,
hydropower construction;
– water pollution;
– degradation of wetlands generally, or some specific habitats, e.g. springs, peat excavation;
– intensive fish farming;
– human settlement expansion, infrastructure development;
– climate change and resulting habitat changes
Human disturbance – tourism, rock climbing, paragliding, winter sports and infrastructure (roads, hotels
etc.);
Air pollution;
Use of pesticides, especially insecticides and other
chemicals, pest control;
For many vertebrates road mortality, hunting, animal
crime – poaching, illegal shooting, poisoning, deliberate persecution; for birds collisions with electric lines;
Introduction and expansion of alien species.
17
4. Recommendations and conclusions and future
challenges
The Red Lists of Carpathian habitats and species are important source of information on the current status of
habitat types and populations of threatened species in the
region. The list could be an essential guide to conservation efforts focused on threatened habitats and species. As
several times mentioned above the present lists are drafts
based on recently available data and knowledge that are in
many cases not sufficient for objective assessment. Future
research should be focused on collecting data necessary
for the habitats and species classification according to the
IUCN Red List Criteria. It is important to regularly monitor the ecosystems, species, their population size and
trends as well as quality of their habitats. Priority should
be given to habitats and species classified as threatened
(category CR, EN and VU) and those of the European
and national importance.
The special consideration should be given to alien species
identified as invasive and causing biodiversity, health, economic or other difficulties and impacts.
The presented lists can be very useful guide for common
action of all Carpathian countries and for developing
of thematically focused strategies on Carpathian level.
It would also help to monitor conservation actions and
their results.
These assessments are now submitted for review, especially by specialists (e.g. members of IUCN SSC Specialist
Groups) and experts with sufficient overview and information on Carpathian-wide or European situation of the
groups or species concerned, with the hope that national
supporting information can be improved any time in the
project database, but the wider regional knowledge is applied. Updating on species distribution, population size
and trend and threats are activities we should focus on.
Revision of the compiled red lists and the list of invasive
alien species is expected to be done every twelve years20,
however for some groups it may be too long period when
these are under stronger pressure, or are spreading dramatically and would require more frequent review. During the BioREGIO project it was possible to elaborate
red lists only for the limited number of animal groups
and it is necessary to continue in this work in follow-up
projects (at least for other relatively well-studied groups).
It is strongly recommended to involve from the very beginning relevant data holders (scientific institutions and
experts) with scientific approach and good motivation for
the most comprehensive results and using of the as complete data as possible.
During elaboration of red lists there was identified necessity for further work on endemic species. Endemism was
one of the attributes considered in assessing the conser-
20
vation status of Carpathian taxa and compiling the final
tables of threatened species. However there is not harmonized approach to and understanding of the endemics in
the Carpathian countries and the approaches vary much
in the region. So far there is not elaborated comprehensive study on the Carpathian-wide endemic taxa, however compiling and analysis of data concerning endemic
species is included as one of the actions (Action 3.1.) of
the Strategic Action Plan for the Implementation of the
Biodiversity Protocol to the Carpathian Convention.
Increasing recognition of the impact of invasive alien
species will lead to developing the indicators of biological
invasions (EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY 2012). This
case study can help in the development of reliable indicators based on the impact of IAS and in common interpretation of invasiveness and methodological approaches
and finally in prioritisation of actions in the Carpathians.
4.1 Prioritizing of efforts for assessing and reassessing species taxonomic groups and habitat types
Carrying out Red List assessments for all species within
taxonomic groups that contain many species requires considerable effort and resources. In the near future however
there will be necessary to mobilise funds not only for further first assessments for other taxonomic groups characteristic for the Carpathians, but also for reassessments
of the submitted groups of species and habitats and this
means that this should be the permanent part of the work
plan of the Carpathian Convention, but also of its parties.
This is vital for using the IUCN Red List as an indicator
of biodiversity trends over time. So it is important to design the assessment and reassessment programmes within
the Carpathian Convention to be sustainable and cost-effective. To achieve this it will be necessary to establish the
permanent working group (sub-group) on Carpathian Red
Lists (and on Invasive Alien Species) and to include in the
biodiversity strategy and work plan request to continue in
assessing published literature (scientific and popular) and
unpublished reports on Carpathian habitats and species,
to involve key experts (e.g. through workshops, by email,
and/or open-access web-based discussion fora) in these
processes, analysing monitoring datasets to determine
population trends, assessing remote-sensing data to determine rates of habitat loss, promoting, advocating, supporting and or/funding fieldwork to gather new relevant
data on threatened habitats, species, but also on invasive
alien species.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all experts who provided data on
habitats and species in their countries, commented the
lists or organized work of specialists (their names are in-
Action 3.1.d) of the Strategic Action Plan for the Implementation of the Protocol on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological and Landscape
Diversity to the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians
18
cluded in respective articles of this publication), to habitats and taxonomic groups team leaders for compiling the
lists which you can find in the following parts and to my
colleagues from the Slovak State Nature Conservancy for
their technical and organisation help and support, namely
Alexander Kürthy and Tereza Thompson.
References
BARANсOK, P., KOLLÁR, J., BARANсOKOVÁ, M. & KRAJсÍ,
J. (2014). Red List of the Carpathian Non-forest Biotopes (Habitats). Draft methodology (Ms)
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2012). The impacts
of invasive alien species in Europe. EEA, Copenhagen,
114 pp.
FREYHOF, J. & BROOKS, E. (2011). European Red List of
Freshwater Fishes. Luxemburg: Publication Office of
the European Union.
HELCOM (2013). Red List of Baltic Sea underwater
biotopes, habitats and biotope complexes. Baltic Sea
Environmental Proceedings No. 138.
to the IUCN Red List criteria for ecosystems and their
proposed adaptation to the HELCOM Red List assessments. Scientific foundations for an IUCN Red List of
Ecosystems. Unpublished.
RODRÍGUEZ J.P., RODRÍGUEZ-CLARK, K.M., BAILLIE,
J.E.M., ASH, N., BENSON, J., BOUCHER, T., BROWN, C.,
BURGESS, N.D., COLLEN, B., JENNINGS, M., KEITH, D.A.,
NICHOLSON, E., REVENGA, C., REYERS, B., ROUGET, M.,
SMITH, T., SPALDING, M., TABER, A., WALPOLE, M., ZAGER, I. & ZAMIN, T. (2011). Establishing IUCN Red List
Criteria for Threatened Ecosystems. Conservation Biology, Volume 25, No. 1, 21–29.
VOLOŠсUK, I. (ed.) (1996). Red data book, Lists of threatened plants and animals of the Carpathian National
Parks and reserves. ACANAP, Tatranská Lomnica.
WITKOWSKI Z. J., KRÓL W. & SOLARZ W. (eds) (2003).
Carpathian List of Endangered Species. WWF and
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Vienna-Krakow, 64 pp.
HELCOM (2013). HELCOM Red List of Baltic Sea
species in danger of becoming extinct. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 140.
IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. ii +
30pp. Downloadable from http://www.iucnredlist.org/
documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf
IUCN (2003). Guidelines for Application of IUCN
Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 3.0. IUCN
Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
IUCN (2012a). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria:
Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and
Cambridge, UK: IUCN. Available at www.iucnredlist.
org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria
IUCN (2012b). Guidelines for Application of IUCN
Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 4.0. Gland,
Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. Available at
www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categoriesand-criteria
KEITH, D.A., RODRÍGUEZ, J.P., RODRÍGUEZ-CLARK, K.M.,
AAPALA, K., ALONSO, A., ASMUSSEN, M., BACHMAN, S.,
BASSETT, A., BARROW, E.G., BENSON, J.S., BISHOP, M.J.,
BONIFACIO, R., BROOKS, T.M., BURGMAN, M.A., COMER, P.,
COMÍN, F.A., ESSL, F., FABER-LANGENDOEN, D., FAIRWEATHER, P.G., HOLDAWAY, R.J., JENNINGS, M., KINGSFORD,
R.T., LESTER, R.E., MAC NALLY, R., MCCARTHY, M.A.,
MOAT, J., NICHOLSON, E., OLIVEIRA-MIRANDA, M.A., PISANU, P., POULIN, B., RIECKEN, U., SPALDING, M.D. & ZAMBRANO-MARTÍNEZ, S. (2012). Updated IUCN Red List
criteria for ecosystems and their proposed adaptation
to the HELCOM Red List assessments. Introduction
19
Table 1: Used Criteria and Sub-criteria for Red List Status a (RODRIGUEZ et al. 2011)
DRAFT CARPATHIAN RED LIST
OF FOREST HABITATS
Criterion
Compiled by Ivor Rizman
Contributors to the compiling of the Red List: Réka Aszalos (Hungary), Wojciech Mróz, Monika
Szewczyk (Poland), Iovu Biris (Romania), Ivor Rizman, Ľudovít Vaško (Slovakia), Dejan Bakovic
(Serbia), Myroslav Kabal, Mykola Voloshchuk (Ukraine)
Methodology for compiling the Carpathian Forest
Habitats “Red List”
To establish the Red List of Forest Habitats we adopted
proposed methodology of IUCN and published by RODRIGUEZ et al. (2011) (Table 1). For considering only Carpathians level on Criterion D we lower the world limits
proportionally. For non-endemic habitats we lower the limits twice and for endemic ones we use the limits from the
proposed Rodriguez limits. Criterion C we did not use.
For Criterion A Short-term decline (in distribution or
ecological function) were used only estimations and data
of country experts, because no real data exist in these
countries. The Natura 2000 habitat mapping and monitoring is only starting in these years and the local (mostly
short time) studies are not fully usable for country level
estimation.
For Criterion B Historical decline (in distribution or ecological function) we collected data for current distribution
of all EUNIS habitat types occurred in the countries and
for historical data we used the country maps of potential
vegetation. We are aware that this is not the same as the
habitats distribution 500 years ago, but it considers the
overall decline, through human influence. Especially in
the Carpathians, where mostly forest communities would
potentially occurred, this approach is good for considering total historical decline.
For sub-criteria which deal with a reduction or likely reduction of ecological function we collected the data about
current status of forest habitats. Under status A (the best
status of habitat) we consider virgin forests and old growth forests. In some types there are no residues of such
types of forests at all. This fact reflects strong reduction
of ecological function. In some types, experts also considered the fact of forest health status (Picea forests, Pinus
forest etc.) Experts also consider spreading of invasive
and alien species in floodplain forests.
For collecting data about threats we used the list of threats of Natura 2000 Standard Data Form.
Not all countries provided the data into database. There
are missing data for the Czech Republic at all, and from
some countries we have only partial data without distribu-
20
tion. But for establishing the preliminary list we consider
the collected data as sufficient (the full data-sets from Romania, Hungary, and Slovakia, partly from Poland, Ukraine and Serbia).
The collected list of forest EUNIS habitats (communities) was merged to appropriate upper level of EUNIS
catalogue. So similar units where merged into one unit
when it was possible, and lower units were included into
the same IUCN status category.
Weaknesses of this Red List (methodological approaches
and results):
The data about all distribution (past, current future) are
only experts opinions, in most countries there was no
real vegetation mapping. The monitoring of habitats only
started in some countries and there are no exact data
about short time decline and about the decline in function at all.
Our approach mostly considers the data about total historical decline.
We did not consider the fact that some habitats are (strictly) protected by law currently and included into some category of protected areas.
We also did not consider that some forest habitats are
protected against human influence, because they are included into protective forest category and also the fact
that forest cover and status is regulated and “protected”
also by forestry law.
The list should be considered as very preliminary Red
List, which should be commented and revised according
to new data and adapted list of limits and criteria and sub
criteria. The list was created with respect of precautionary
principle of the Carpathians Convention.
Collected data from countries can be found in the database and after two expert meetings in Banska Bystrica
merged and evaluated data were filled in also for the Carpathian level in this structure:
1. Potential area of distribution in hectares according to
maps of potential vegetation for forest habitats (alliances) or estimated area of distribution 500 years ago.
2. Estimated area 50 years ago
A: Short-term decline
(in distribution or ecological
function) on the basis of
any sub-criterion
B: Historical decline (in
distribution or ecological
function) on the basis of
either sub-criterion 1 or 2
C: Small current distribution
and decline (in distribution
or ecological function) or
very few locations on the
basis of either sub-criterion
1 or 2
Sub-criterion - Statusb
1. observed, estimated, inferred or suspected decline in distribution of
≥80% - CR,
≥50% - EN, or
≥30% - VU
over the last 50 years.
2. projected or suspected decline in distribution of
≥80% - CR,
≥50% - EN, or
≥30% - VU
within the next 50 years.
3. observed, estimated, inferred, projected, or suspected decline in distribution of
≥80% - CR,
≥50% - EN, or
≥30% - VU
over any 50-year period, where the period must include both the past and the future
4. relative to a reference state appropriate to the ecosystem, a reduction or
likely reduction of ecological function that is
(a) very severe, in at least one major ecological process, throughout ≥80% of its
extant distribution within the last or next 50 years - CR;
(b1) very severe, throughout ≥50% of its distribution within the last or next 50
years - EN
(b2) severe, in at least one major ecological process, throughout ≥80% of its distribution within the last or next 50 years - EN;
(c1) very severe, in at least one major ecological process, throughout ≥30% of its
distribution within the last or next 50 years - VU
(c2) severe, in at least one major ecological process, throughout ≥50% of its distribution within the last or next 50 years - VU
(c3) moderately severe, in at least one major ecological process throughout ≥80%
of its distribution within the last or next 50 years - VU
1. estimated, inferred, or suspected decline in distribution of
≥90% - CR,
≥70% - EN, or
≥50% - VU
in the last 500 years
2. relative to a reference state appropriate to the ecosystem, a very severe
reduction in at least one major ecological function over
≥90% - CR,
≥70% - EN, or
≥50% - VU
of its distribution in the last 500 years.
1. extent of occurrencec estimated to be
≤100 km2 - CR,
≤5,000 km2 - EN, or
≤20,000 km2 - VU
and at least one of the following:
(a) observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected continuing decline in distribution,
(b) observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected severe reduction in at least one major
ecological process,
(c) ecosystem exists at only one location - CR,
5 or fewer locations - EN, or
10 or fewer locations - VU
or
21
D: Very small current
distribution
2. area of occupancyc estimated to be
≤10 km2 - CR,
≤500 km2 - EN, or
≤2000 km2 - VU
and at least one of the following:
(a) observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected continuing decline in distribution,
(b) observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected severe reduction in at least one major
ecological process,
(c) ecosystem exists at only one location - CR,
5 or fewer locations - EN, or
10 or fewer locations - VU
≤5 km2 - CR,
≤50 km2 - EN, or
≤100 km2 - VU,
and serious plausible threats, but not necessarily evidence of past or current decline
in area or function.
a) Based on the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2001) and other systems proposed to date (Nicholson et al. 2009).
b) Abbreviations: CR, critically endangered; EN, endangered; VU, vulnerable.
c) See IUCN (2001, 2010b) for guidelines on measuring extent of occurrence and area of occupancy.
[Correction added after publication 5 November 2010: Errors in the second column of Criterion D were amended.]
3. Estimated area 10 years ago
4. Current area
5. Status A – area (in forest the area of primeval (virgin)
forest)
6. Estimated trend in the next 10 years
• - Trend negative
• -- accelerated negative within the last 10 years
• +/- Trend largely stable
• + Trend positive
• ++ accelerated positive in the next 10 years
• ? Trend cannot be determined
7. Estimated trend in the next 10 years
8. Evaluating of regenerability
• N - Not regenerable
• M - Minimal regenerability (> 150 years)
• V - Very limited regenerability (15-150 years)
• L - Limited regenerability (up to 15 years)
• X - Ranking not meaningful
9. Endemic Alliance in the Carpathians
• Y - yes
• N - no
10. Negative Threats to the area or status – maybe possible to fill more than one but according to some possible (prepared) values
11. Proposed IUCN Category in the Country (not for
Orographic unit)
12. Used sub criterion by Rodriguez
13. Name of the national expert
Carpathian Endangered Forest Habitats
G1.1112 - Eastern European poplar-willow forests
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1 ≥ 90, B2 ≥ 90 %, A3 ≥ 50 %, A2 ≥ 50 %,
A4a, D ≤ 2500 ha
22
Arborescent galleries of tall Salix alba, Salix fragilis, Salix
x rubens, Populus nigra and sometimes Populus alba, lining
lowland, hill or submontane rivers of nemoral and boreonemoral Eastern Europe and of eastern and southeastern
Central Europe, including eastern Germany, the Baltic
States, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the nemoral
parts of Danubian and Balkan states, nemoral Belarus,
the Ukraine and Russia, east to Bashkiria.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (PL, RO, SK): 900 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The few remaining semi-natural floodplain forests, particularly in complex with natural accompanying vegetation,
are very endangered and worthy of protection.
Estimated trend in the next 10 years: - Trend negative
The main threats are direct devastation of the alluvial vegetation during any works connected with river bed regulation, flood prevention, dams and roads construction,
drainage, expansion of invasive alien species and non-native tree species, wood plantations.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Cease cultivation, safeguard the water balance; protection
of semi-natural stands.
G1.1213 - Hercynio-Carpathian grey alder galleries
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: B1 ≥ 70%, B2 ≥ 70%,
Alnus incana galleries of the montane rivers of the western
and northern Carpathians and of the Hercynian ranges
of the Bohemian Quadrangle.
G1.1141 - Pannonic willow and poplar-willow galleries
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: B1 ≥ 70%, D ≤ 2500 ha
Riverine willow-poplar woodlands: Growing on the lower
parts of floodplains, these hygrophilous, Salix and Populus
dominated forests presently still get regular flooding.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, RO): 1160 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The few remaining semi-natural floodplain forests, particularly in complex with natural accompanying vegetation,
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (PL, SK): 5844 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Natural and semi-natural remnants of grey alder forests
only rarely occur and are severely endangered.
Causes of endangerment are clearing, spruce plantation,
grazing, infrastructure development (dams, roads...), stream regulations.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Maintaining the natural tree species composition and water regime of the area. Selection and total protection of
semi-natural typical remnants.
G1.1214 – Eastern Carpathian grey alder galleries
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: B1 ≥ 70, B2≥50%, Dendemic ≤ 5000 ha
are greatly endangered and worthy of protection.
The main threats are drainage, invasive alien species, wood
plantations, spreading of non-native tree species.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Cease cultivation, safeguard the water balance; protection
of semi-natural stands.
Alnus incana galleries along the upper reaches of Eastern
Carpathian valleys, with regional species Telekia speciosa,
Petasites kablikianus, Symphytum cordatum, Pulmonaria rubra,
Leucanthemum waldsteinii, which replace the pioneer willow
scrubs of the Salici purpureae-Myricarietum.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (RO): 600 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Natural and semi-natural remnants of grey alder forests
only rarely occur and are severely endangered.
Causes of endangerment are clearing, spruce plantation,
23
grazing, infrastructure development (dams, roads...), stream regulations.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Maintaining the natural tree species composition and water regime of the area. Selection and total protection of
semi-natural typical remnants.
G1.21 – Riverine Fraxinus – Alnus woodland, wet at
high but not at low water
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: B1≥70%, B2≥70%
Riparian forests of Fraxinus excelsior and Alnus glutinosa,
sometimes Alnus incana, of middle European and northern Iberian lowland or hill watercourses, on soils periodically inundated by the annual rise of the river level,
but otherwise well-drained and aerated during low-water;
they differ from riparian alder woods within units G1.41
and G1.52 by the strong representation in the dominated
layers of forest species not able to grow in permanently
waterlogged soils.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.211: [Fraxinus] – [Alnus] woods of rivulets
and springs
24
G1.2111: Sedge ash-alder woods
G1.2112: Fontinal ash-alder woods
G1.2113: Cabbage thistle ash-alder woods
G1.2114: Hillside spring ash-alder woods
G1.2115: Great horsetail ash-alder woods
G1.2116: Dacio-Moesian ash-alder woods
G1.212: [Fraxinus] - [Alnus] woods of fast-flowing rivers
G1.2121: Collinar stream ash-alder woods
G1.2122: Submontane Hercynian stream ash-alder
woods
G1.2123: Pre-Carpathian stream ash-alder woods
G1.213: [Fraxinus] - [Alnus] woods of slow rivers
G1.2131: Central European slow river floodplain
woods
G1.2132: West European tall herb ash-alder woods
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, PL, RO, SK): 8000 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Representative stands of these site-determined permanent communities are still to be found in some regions
in small areas, nevertheless the ash-alder forest should be
considered as a quite severely endangered form. Its habitat is still being deforested and used as grassland to the
extent that small residual strips are all that remain along
the river courses.
Main threats are droughts and less precipitation, running
water course regulations and ground water table lowering.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Preservation of alluvial plains by different kinds of protective measures is required.
G1.2233 - Pannonic ash-oak-alder forests
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1≥90%, A4a, D ≤ 2500 ha
Riverine gallery forests of the Pannonic region, characteristic of the Danube basin, north to the lower Morava,
of the Tisza basin and of the Danube-Tisza interfluve.
They are dominated by Quercus robur and Fraxinus angustifolia ssp. pannonica, sometimes with Ulmus laevis, Alnus
glutinosa, Carpinus betulus and, in the wettest parts, Populus
alba. The shrub layer includes Acer campestre, Acer tataricum,
Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus monogyna, Corylus avellana, Ulmus
minor. The herb layer is dominated by Carex acutiformis,
Carex elata, Carex riparia, Urtica dioica, Urtica kioviensis in the
wetter belt („Fraxino pannonicae-Alnetum“), by Deschampsia
cespitosa, Veratrum album, Polygonatum latifolium, Symphytum
officinale otherwise.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, RO, SK): 2210 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The few remaining semi-natural floodplain forests, parti-
cularly in complex with natural accompanying vegetation,
are greatly endangered and worthy of protection.
Threats – drainage, wood plantations, invasive alien species, Pathogens / parasites, infrastructure development
(dams), change of water regime
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of semi-natural stands. Maintaining the natural
tree species composition and water regime of the area.
Flood plains in the eastern part of the Danube plains (Romania).
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (RO): 650 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
All alluvial forests have been damaged; some well-preserved alluvial forest stands are especially worthy of protection, particularly in complex with the natural accompanying vegetation.
Main threats are droughts and less precipitation, running
water course regulations and ground water table lowering,
wood plantations, poor recruitment/ reproduction/ regeneration.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Strict protection of the semi-natural remnants.
G1.411 – Meso-eutrophic swamp alder woods
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1≥90%, A1≥80%, D≤250 ha
Riverine forests of Quercus robur, Quercus pedunculiflora,
Fraxinus angustifolia, Fraxinus pallisiae, Ulmus minor and Ulmus effusa of the great floodplains of the lower Danube,
with Cornus sanguinea, Viburnum opulus, Frangula alnus, Crataegus monogyna in the shrub layer and Rubus caesius, Lysimachia nummularia, Glechoma hederacea, Convallaria majalis in the
herb layer. Diagnostically important species are Fraxinus
pallisae, Quercus pedunculiflora, Fraxinus angustifolia subsp.
Mesotrophic and meso-eutrophic Alnus glutinosa swamp
woods of middle European and western Siberian, nemoral and sub-boreal, marshy depressions, with Carex elongata, Thelypteris palustris, Dryopteris cristata, Osmunda regalis, Solanum dulcamara, Calystegia sepium, Ribes nigrum, Calamagrostis
canescens and often, in acidocline variants, Betula pubescens.
The constancy of Carex elongata is characteristic on the
continent, less so in Britain. Tall sedges, Carex paniculata,
Carex acutiformis, Carex elata, often dominate the herb layer
in the most humid types.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.4112: Elongated-sedge swamp alder woods
G1.4115: Eastern Carpathian [Alnus glutinosa] swamp
woods
danubialis, Quercus robur; Asperula taurina, Asparagus tenuifolius, Carex tomentosa, Euphorbia palustris.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, RO, SK): 200 ha
G1.2234 – Getic oak-elm-ash forests
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1≥90%, A4a, D ≤ 2500 ha
25
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Semi-natural stands with an intact water balance are rare,
and usually preserved only in small areas; often a defective
water balance.
Main threats are drainage, groundwater subsidence, eutrophication; forest clearance, stand transformation: forest
grazing, pasturing, straw meadows; crop field utilisation
after drainage and upheaval.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Strict protection of all semi-natural remnants; regeneration by planting of black alder and natural succession where an intact water balance occurs or after rehydration.
G1.42 – [Quercus] swamp woods
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: B1 ≥ 90, D ≤ 2500 ha, C1c5
Quercus robur-dominated woods of inundated depressions
of the Sarmatic region, west to lowlands of eastern Poland and Slovakia, with an accompanying species cortège
composed of elements of the Alnetalia glutinosae, Molinietalia, Phragmitetalia, Caricetalia fuscae and, to a lesser extent,
Vaccinio-Piceetea and Querco-Fagetea.
G1.5 – Broadleaved swamp woodland on acid peat
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1≥90%, D≤250 ha
Broadleaved woodland on wet acid peat, dominated by
Betula pubescens or rarely Alnus glutinosa, sometimes with an
admixture of conifers or shrubby Salix species. Sphagnum
spp. are normally prominent in the ground vegetation.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.51: Sphagnum [Betula] woods
G1.52: [Alnus] swamp woods on acid peat
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, RO, SK): 140 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Semi-natural stands with an intact water balance are rare,
and usually preserved only in small areas; often a defective
water balance.
Main threats are drainage, groundwater subsidence, eutrophication; forest clearance, stand transformation: forest
grazing, pasturing, straw meadows; crop field utilisation
after drainage and upheaval.
in some cases Quercus robur, in the canopy.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.6115: Pannonic collinar woodrush beech forests
For the collinar Western Carpathian acidophilous Fagus sylvatica forests miss in EUNIS appropriate
subunit.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, RO, SK): 85500 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 5000 ha (RO)
tural stands are worthy of protection as stable structures
and gene reserves.
Main threats are transformation of semi-natural forests
into forestry, changes in economic use, alteration of sites,
clear-cutting, eutrophication (fertilisers) and pollution.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Semi-natural silviculture; natural forest reserves and regeneration areas; the plantation of autochthonous firs
should be considered.
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Only a few semi-natural stands are preserved.
Causes of endangerment are transformation of semi-natural forests into coniferous plantations.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of representative semi-natural forest areas.
G1.65 – Medio-European subalpine [Fagus] woods
G1.6121 – Hercyno-Alpine montane woodrush beech
forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%, B2≥50%
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (RO): 1600 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Semi-natural stands with an intact water balance are rare,
and usually preserved only in small areas; often a defective
water balance.
Causes of endangerment
Main threats are droughts and less precipitation, running
water course regulations and ground water table lowering.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Strict protection of all semi-natural remnants.
26
Required measures for protection and restitution
Strict protection of all semi-natural remnants; regeneration by planting of black alder and natural succession where an intact water balance occurs or after rehydration.
G1.611 – Medio-European collinar woodrush beech
forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
Acidophilous Fagus sylvatica forests of the lesser Hercynian
ranges and Lorraine, of the collinar level of the western
greater Hercynian ranges, the Jura and the Alpine periphery, of the western sub-Pannonic and the intra-Pannonic hills, not or little accompanied by spontaneous conifers, and generally with an admixture of Quercus petraea, or
Acidophilous forests of Fagus sylvatica, Fagus sylvatica and
Abies alba or Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Picea abies of the
montane and high montane levels of the eastern greater
Hercynian ranges, the Thüringian Forest, the Swabian and
Franconian Jura, the Alps, where they are mostly expressed in the eastern Alps, and, in a dry version, in some
parts of the western intermediate Alps, the Carpathians
and the Bavarian Plateau, including, in particular, the remarkable near-natural montane woodrush beech forests
of the Bayerischer Wald.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (PL, SK): 81000 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 50 ha – SK, PL ?
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Frequently converted into spruce forests. All nearly-na-
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
Fagus sylvatica woods usually composed of low, low-branching trees, with much sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), situated near the tree limit, mostly in low mountains with
oceanic climate of Western Europe and of central and
northern Central Europe, in particular the Vosges, Black
Forest, Rhön, Jura, outer Alps, Central Massif, Pyrenees,
the mountains of the Bohemian Quadrangle, and, very
locally, the Carpathians. The herb layer is similar to that
of the forests of unit G1.63 or locally of unit G1.61 and
contains elements of the adjacent open grasslands.
27
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (PL, SK): 8284 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 262 ha - SK
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Habitats often degraded by forest management and natural disasters.
Frequently converted into spruce forests, occupying an
area of natural forest stands, clear-cutting and transformation to a forest monocultures, building of recreational
facilities (ski resorts), natural disasters. Main threats are
extreme environmental conditions, poor regeneration of
beech.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Preservation of all semi-natural stands and regeneration
of degraded forests as much for their erosion and avalanche protective functions as for any other reason.
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Main threats are converting into spruce forestry, occupying an area of natural forest stands, clear-cutting and
transformation to a forest monocultures, building of recreational facilities (ski resorts), natural disasters, extreme environmental conditions and poor regeneration of
beech.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Semi-natural cultivation of the forest; semi-natural remnants of the unit as a characteristic community of the
montane landscape is worthy of protection wherever it
is encountered.
G1.6D3 – East Carpathian subalpine beech forests
Xerophile, neutrophilous Quercus pubescens and Quercus virgiliana woods distributed in insular patches on steep south-facing slopes of intra-Carpathian hills of Romania, in
particular, of the foothills bordering the lower Danubian
basin of Romania, with Cotinus coggygria, Amygdalus nana,
Cornus mas in the shrub layer and Astragalus monspessulanus, Carex humilis, Dictamnus albus, Geranium sanguineum,
Astragalus austriacus in the herb layer.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (RO): 500 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
Local Fagus sylvatica and Fagus sylvatica-Picea abies forests of
the tree-limit in the upper montane or subalpine level of
the high southern Carpathians, developed where subalpine Picea abies forests do not form an uninterrupted zone,
less well individualised than more western formations of
the Aceri-Fagion, though, like them, characterized by the
admixture of Acer pseudoplatanus in the canopy and of
Adenostyletalia megaphorb species in the understorey.
G1.7374 – Pannonian [Quercus pubescens] woods
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
Pannonian mixed flowering ash-downy oak forests (Quercus pubescens, Quercus polycarpa, Quercus petraea, Quercus dalechampii) with Fraxinus ornus, Cotinus coggygria, Vicia sparsiflora, Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. collinus.
Diagnostically important species: Quercus pubescens, Prunus
mahaleb, Fraxinus ornus; Cotinus coggygria, Hippocrepis emerus;
Coronilla coronata, Vicia sparsiflora, Lathyrus pannonicus subsp.
collinus, Carex halleriana, Piptatherum virescens, Mercurialis ovata.
G1.7373 – Intra-Carpathian insular [Quercus virgiliana] woods
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1 ≥ 50, Dendemic≤500 ha
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, RO, SK): 19450 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 32 ha - HU, SK
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Semi-natural stands have diminished substantially, potentially endangered.
Main threats are clearing, grazing, timber use.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of semi-natural stands.
G1.769 – Getic sub-continental thermophilous oak
woods
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.6D31: Dacian subalpine beech-spruce forest
G1.6D32: Dacian subalpine gooseberry beech forests
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (RO): 12000 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 3500 ha
28
G1.7692: Getic early sedge [Quercus frainetto] forests
G1.7693: Getic crocus [Quercus frainetto]-[Quercus
cerris] forests
G1.7694: Getic [Q. frainetto]-[Q. cerris]-[Q. petraea]
forests
G1.7695: Getic [Quercus frainetto]-[Quercus petraea]
[s.l.] forests
G1.7696: Pre-Carpathian [Quercus cerris]-[Quercus
petraea] [s.l.] forests
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Current distribution of the habitat covers less than 500
ha. Main threats are clearing, excessive use for low forest
management, fires, poor recruitment/ reproduction/ regeneration.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of the few remaining semi-natural forests,
ecological restitution of degraded forests.
Sub-continental thermo-xerophile Quercus frainettoQuercus cerris-Quercus petraea forests of the foothills
bordering the lower Danube depression of southern Romania, with the continental Acer tataricum and lacking typically sub-Mediterranean species such as Carpinus orientalis
and Ruscus aculeatus.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.7691: Getic white cinquefoil [Quercus cerris] forests
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, RO, SK): 160950 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Very degraded as a result of low forest management, cleared forests, greatly endangered at the northern edge of
the range. In the past some surfaces of this habitat were
replaced with Scots pine or black locust plantations.
Main threats are low forest management, transformation,
oak decline, invasive alien species, change in native species
dynamics (directly impacting habitat).
Required measures for protection and restitution
Semi-natural stands of all geographic variants with endangered species should be protected.
G1.7A11 – White cinquefoil oak woods
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
East Central European oak and pine-oak forests (Quercus
petraea, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris), mostly with Potentilla
alba, Molinia arundinacea, Frangula alnus.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, SK): 91400 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
29
Current area (HU, RO, SK): 2525 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Most forests have been transformed into arable land. Semi-natural stands are very rare.
Causes of endangerment are agricultural use, transformation on a forest monocultures and spread of non-native
tree species, invasive alien species, change in native species dynamics.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection is necessary. Regeneration of semi-natural forests by natural succession and promotion of indigenous
tree species, particularly oaks.
G1.7C2 – [Carpinus orientalis] woods
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Most forests have been transformed into arable land.
Semi-natural stands are relatively rare, degraded by low
forestry, and commercial forestry, and have often been
converted into coniferous tree plantations.
Main threats are transformation on a forest monocultures
and spread of non-native tree species, invasive alien species, change in native species dynamics.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of the still remaining semi-natural forests and
regeneration of semi-natural forests by natural succession and promotion of indigenous tree species, particularly
oaks.
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: D≤2500 ha
Carpinus orientalis-dominated facies of thermophilous woods of the Balkan Peninsula, south to Greece. The main
distribution area in the Carpathians of this habitat is SW
of Romania, as the most northern irradiations and extensions of the habitat.
G1.7A12 – Tartar maple steppe oak woods
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1≥90%, D≤ 5000 ha, A2≥50%
Xero-thermophile oak woods constituting the climax
woodland element of the Pannonian and Ponto-Sarmatic wooded steppe biome, with a flora richer in southern,
Euxinian and Sarmatic elements than that of the cinquefoil oak woods.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (RO): 1500 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Few semi-natural stands remain preserved.
Main threats are related to its distribution in very small
areas, grazing, burning down, soil erosion and landslide.
Required measures for protection and restitution
The main part of the current distribution of the habitat is
included in protected areas and Natura 2000 sites.
G1.7C4 – Thermophilous [Tilia] woods
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
30
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
a) Tilia tomentosa-dominated facies of mixed deciduous
forests of southern Central Europe and the northern
and middle part of the Balkan Peninsula, mostly within the Quercion frainetto environment, but also locally
developed in conjunction with eastern Carpinion betuli
forests.
b) Loosely closed forests mainly of Tilia platyphyllos and
Fraxinus excelsior developed on shallow soils of exposed crests of limestone mountains (more rarely on andesite rocks) of the Northern Hungarian Range, with
an herb layer of Brachypodium pinnatum, Galium erectum,
Cruciata glabra, Digitalis grandiflora, Erysimum odoratum,
Sisymbrium strictissimum, Aconitum anthora, accompanied
by endemics among which Hesperis vrabelyiana, Carduus collinus and by other regionally rare species with
disjunct distribution, such as Waldsteinia geoides, Melica
altissima, Carex brevicollis. They constitute relict forests,
most probably of the Boreal era, and are of great biological value.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.7C41: Silver lime woods
G1.7C42: Oro-Pannonic steppe ash-lime woods
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, RO): 8200 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (RO): 10 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Current distribution covers less than 10 ha (0.1 km2) and
consists of few small locations in Cernei Mountains and
Banatului Mountains.
Causes of endangerment are scattered and fragmented
distribution and very small populations.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection is necessary.
G1.7D – [Castanea sativa] woodland
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: B1 ≥ 70, A4b1, A4b2
Supra-Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean Castanea
sativa-dominated forests and old established plantations
with semi-natural undergrowth.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (RO): 6500 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Required measures for protection and restitution
G1.7C5 – [Celtis australis] woods
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: D≤250 ha, B1 ≥ 50
Thermophilous woods dominated by, or rich in, Celtis australis. Forests dominated by Celtis australis may have been
an important component of Mediterranean woodland, in
particular in North Africa, but appear to have been destroyed almost everywhere and to be represented only by
individual trees and small stands.
31
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
In the last two decades the populations of sweet chestnut
trees were strongly affected by chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica). There are ongoing projects for biological
control of the disease which damages chestnut trees. This
habitat distribution consists of 2 major locations: In Baia
Mare-Baia Sprie and in Northern part of Gorj County.
The current distribution of the habitat covers about 65
km2 in the Romanian Carpathians.
Causes of endangerment are change in native species dynamics (directly impacting habitat) and pathogens / parasites. In the last two decades the populations of sweet
chestnut trees were strongly affected by chestnut blight
(Cryphonectria parasitica).
Required measures for protection and restitution
Both major distribution centres of this habitat are included in Natura 2000 sites (Arboretele de castan comestibil
de la Baia Mare and Nordul Gorjului de Vest).
G1.871 – Woodrush oak forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
Mesophile, meso-xerophile or meso-hygrophile, mesothermal acidophilous forests of Quercus petraea or sometimes Quercus robur, of central European or northwestern
medio-European affinities, usually with Luzula luzuloides,
distributed in the Western and Central European Hercynian ranges and their periphery, the northern and northeastern Alpine periphery and the northern and western
Carpathian periphery.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.8712: Central European dyer‘s greenweed oak forests
G1.8713: Pre-Carpathian beech-sessile oak forests
G1.8714: Central European hygrophile acidophilous
oak forests
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
32
Current area (HU, RO, SK): 74500 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 2500 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Causes of endangerment are clearing, transformation
into agriculturally useful areas, and poor regeneration of
the sessile oak and coniferous plantations. In the past important surfaces of this habitat were replaced with Scots
pine or black locust plantations.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of semi-natural stands, protection should be
given priority over utilisation.
mesotrophic soils of subcontinental and continental northern and Central Europe and of Eastern Europe. Carpinus betulus is generally present in their western representatives, widespread in Central Europe and western Eastern
Europe. They are richer in lime, Tilia cordata, than the subAtlantic forests of units G1.A13, G1.A14 and 41.25. They
are of more northern character in their area of mutual
approach than the Balkanic forests of unit G1.A1C. Their
southern limit of occurrence follows the Carpathian arc,
the northern rim of the Podolian plateaux, and, farther
east, the southern limit of nemoral forests.
Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus angustifolia, Ulmus minor forests of deep nutrient-rich gley
soils of the Pannonic plains and hills of Styria, the Burgenland, the Alföld, the northern Hungarian Sator Range,
the western Slovakian Danube plain and the eastern Slovakian lowlands, often developed in contact with riverine forests of the Alno-Padion, occupying slightly higher
ground, Pannonic vicariant of the Illyrian forests of unit
G1.A1A2. Carex brizoides, Anemone nemorosa, Corydalis solida, Galanthus nivalis are abundant in the herb layer, which
is particularly rich in vernal ephemerals, including Gagea
G1.8A – Continental [Quercus petraea] forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (RO): 48000 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Main threats are poor regeneration of the sessile oak. In
the past important surfaces of this habitat were replaced
with Scots pine or black locust plantations.
Required measures for protection and restitution
1.1.1. – Development
1.1.2. – Implementation
3.8. – Conservation measures
4.1. – Maintenance/Conservation
4.2. – Restoration
4.4.3. – Management
5.4. – Recovery management
5.5. – Disease, pathogen, parasite management
G1.A16 – Sub-continental [Quercus] – [Carpinus betulus] forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%, A4c1
Quercus robur or Quercus petraea forests of eutrophic or
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.A164: Peri-Carpathian lime-oak-hornbeam forests
G1.A166: Carpathian hairy sedge oak-hornbeam forests
G1.A167: Sub-Pannonic primrose oak-hornbeam forests
G1.A168: Central sub-Carpathian oak-hornbeam forests
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU, PL, RO, SK): 268200 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 42 ha - SK
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Causes of endangerment are cultivation of non-indigenous tree species, change in native species dynamics (directly impacting habitat), Poor recruitment/reproduction/regeneration, invasive alien species, formerly clearing
for agricultural use.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Preservation and restoration of semi-natural stands. Naturally oriented forest management.
G1.A1B1 – Pannonic hygrophile ash-oak-hornbeam
forests
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1≥90%, B2≥90%
spathacea, Gagea lutea, Gladiolus imbricatus, Cyclamen purpurascens, Crocus neapolitanus, Erythronium dens-canis, Helleborus
dumetorum, Adoxa moschatellina, Anemone ranunculoides, Ranunculus ficaria, Scilla vindobonensis, Leucojum vernum.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (HU): 220 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
In Hungary and further south the forests have been greatly hampered by man. Remnants of semi-natural forests
are scattered to almost completely absent and are at great
peril because of the general lowering of the groundwater
table. Sometimes only scrub remnants remain preserved
at the edges of the flumes.
Causes of endangerment are transformation into agriculturally useful areas (clearing, habitat drainage, water
regulation, melioration), cultivation of non-indigenous
tree species, change in native species dynamics (directly
impacting habitat), poor recruitment/ reproduction/ regeneration, invasive alien species.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of representative semi-natural stands.
G1.A1C – Southeastern European [Quercus] – [Carpinus betulus] forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%
33
Forests of Carpinus betulus and Quercus robur, Quercus petraea or Quercus dalechampii, sometimes with Quercus cerris
or Quercus frainetto, of the flanks and piedmont of the
eastern and southern Carpathians and of the plateaux of
the western Ukraine; azonal, often isolated oak-hornbeam woods of the Moesian Quercion frainetto zone, of
the eastern Pannonic and western Pontic steppe woods
zone and of the pre-Pontic hills of south-eastern Europe. They are characterized by an admixture of sub-Mediterranean Quercion frainetto species, and, in the east, of
Euxinian species.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G1.A1C1: Dacian oak-hornbeam forests
G1.A1C2: Moldo-Muntenian oak-lime-hornbeam forests
G1.A1C3: Moesian oak-hornbeam forests
G1.A1C4: Southern Sarmatic oak-lime-hornbeam forests
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (SK, UA): 1650 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Semi-natural stands are rare and usually preserved only
in small areas. Causes of endangerment are fir decline,
presumably due to increasing air pollution from industrial
emissions. Transformation of fir forests into spruce plantations. Poor recruitment/ reproduction/ regeneration
increasing - gnawing by forest animals, clear-cutting.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Preservation and restoration of semi-natural stands. Naturally oriented forest management.
G3.13 – Acidophilous [Abies alba] forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%, B2≥50%, A4c1
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (RO): 95000 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Main threat for the habitat is related to poor fruits production and regeneration of oak, change in native species
dynamics (directly impacting habitat), small scale, selecting logging, drought.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of representative semi-natural stands. Naturally oriented forest management.
G3.12 – Calciphilous [Abies alba] forests
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1 ≥ 70, D≤ 2500 ha, A4a
Abies alba and Abies alba-Picea abies forests developed on
calcareous soils.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
34
Abies alba and Abies alba-Picea abies forests developed on
acid soils of the Alps, the Dinarides, the Carpathians, the
Pyrenees, the Jura, the Hercynian ranges and the northern
Apennines, within the biogeographical range of beech forests of the Fagion medio-europaeum, of the Fagion illyricum or
of the Fagion dacicum.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G3.132: Acidophile Hercynio-Alpine fir forests
G3.1321: Peri-Alpine acidophile fir forests
G3.1323: Dacian acidophile beech fir forests
G3.134: Holy Cross fir forests
G3.135: [Bazzania] fir forests
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (PL, RO, SK): 83200 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 1085 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Most stands have been transformed for almost pure spruce or spruce-larch-plantations.
Causes of endangerment are fir decline, presumably
due to increasing air pollution from industrial emissions.
Transformation of fir forests into spruce plantations.
Poor recruitment/ reproduction/ regeneration increasing
- gnawing by forest animals, clear-cutting.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of the remaining semi-natural stands.
tance for nature conservation: Carpathian spruce forest
type, biotope of more important species, a water and soil
protective function
Causes of endangerment are increasing pollution due to
industrial emissions, clear-cutting, building of recreational facilities, fires, occupying an area of natural forest
stands, atmospheric pollution, windstorm, climate changes, pathogens / parasites / pests (Ips typographus), use of
insecticides.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of the remaining natural stands.
G3.1B62 – Eastern Carpathian subalpine spruce forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B2≥50%
Subalpine Picea abies forests of the northern Eastern, the
eastern and the southern Carpathians of the Ukraine and
Romania.
G3.1B61 – Western Carpathian subalpine spruce forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B2≥50%, A4c2
Subalpine Picea abies forests of the northwestern and northern Carpathians of Poland and Slovakia, partly with
Abies alba, with Luzula luzulina, Soldanella carpatica, often in
combination with tall-herb-spruce forests.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (PL, SK): 37000 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 1200 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Poland: the altitude-zonal climax-community was preserved quite well in many places until recently, but is now
greatly endangered. A characteristic and protection worthy community in its entire area of distribution; Slovakia:
potentially endangered by pollutant emissions. Impor-
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (RO): 525000 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 41000 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
Mainly intensely used; only a few semi-natural forests have
been preserved; very important for maintaining the water
balance and soil protection in the mountains. Causes of
endangerment are increasing pollution due to industrial
emissions, clear-cutting, building of recreational facilities,
fires, occupying an area of natural forest stands, atmospheric pollution, windstorm, climate changes, pathogens/
parasites / pests (Ips typographus), use of insecticides, cattle
grazing and uprooting for grazing.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of the semi-natural remnants.
G3.1C6 – Inner Carpathian spruce forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: B1≥50%, A4c2, Dendemic ≤ 5000 ha
35
Picea abies forests of the montane and collinar levels of
the inner basin of the Slovakian Carpathians, formed
along the Poprad River valley between the High Tatras
and the Low Tatras and subjected to a climate of high
continentality.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (SK): 2900 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (SK): 870 ha
Primeval virgin forest: ? ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The habitat has very limited distribution (limited just to
Tatra National Park). However there are no present threats (due to high protection regime), it is endemic habitat
for the Carpathians. There are no exact data but distribution of arolla in the last centuries was bigger and decreased due to use of arolla timber. Despite of its small area
it is very important vegetation type for biodiversity of
upper tree-line in the Tatra Mountains. The main threats
are increasing environmental pollution, particularly from
the air.
Required measures for protection and restitution
All patches are strictly protected within the Tatra National
Park.
G3.442 – Carpathian relict calcicolous [Pinus sylvestris] forests
Red List Status: VU
Criterion: Dendemic ≤ 5000 ha
Local mixed forests of Pinus cembra, Picea abies and Pinus
mugo, of the lower subalpine level (1650 – 1500 m), with
regional species Rhododendron myrtifolium, Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Melampyrum saxosum, Soldanella hungarica ssp. major,
Campanula abietina.
Isolated, calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests of the western
Carpathians, related to the spring heath Scots pine forests
of the Alpine area, limited to a few small enclaves in the
Strazov mountains, the Velka Fatra, the Pieniny (Pinus sylvestris-Calamagrostis varia community, Pinus sylvestris-Carex
alba community), the Slovakian inner-Carpathian basins
and the Slovakian Erzgebirge. Erica herbacea and Polygala chamaebuxus are absent; the undergrowth includes a
number of species of continental distribution and xerothermic affinities, some, western Carpathian endemics;
characteristic are Linum flavum, Carex humilis, Carex alba,
Calamagrostis varia, Pulsatilla slavica, Thymus carpathicus, Primula auricula ssp. hungarica, Globularia aphyllanthes, Campanula carpatica, Festuca tatrae.
Taxonomic note
Habitats of the Romanian Carpathians should be classified as:
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G3.2531: Eastern Carpathian larch forests
G3.2532: Eastern Carpathian arolla forests
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (RO): 3900 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 1500 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The main threats are tree-cutting, tourism facilities for
winter sport practices, road construction.
G3.4C8: East Carpathian [Sesleria] Scots pine forests
G3.4CA: East Carpathian [Daphne blagayana] Scots
pine forests
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (PL, RO, SK): 4150 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 350 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The habitat has limited distribution. It is endemic habitat
for the Carpathians. Despite of its small area it is very
important vegetation type for biodiversity of calcicolous
G3.253 – Eastern Carpathian larch and arolla forests
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: B1≥70%, Dendemic ≤ 5000 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The main threats are wind damage and bark beetle plagues, use of insecticides, increasing stress from air pollution related to industry and traffic, soil acidification, clearcutting, tourism - building of recreational facilities.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Semi-natural stands are worthy of protection (genetic origin of the local populations and ecotypes).
Required measures for protection and restitution
Being a natural habitat placed at the upper limit of forests,
no management measures are needed. Due to this fact,
this habitat is rarely ever protected. They have an important role against soil erosion.
G3.251 – Western Carpathian larch and arolla forests
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: Dendemic ≤ 5000 ha, B1≥70%
montane forests. Habitat is not used. Due to its lack of
exploitability it is semi-natural to natural in nature almost
everywhere. The main threats are forests fires and the forests stands should be injured by soil erosion, collection
of rare species.
Required measures for protection and restitution
This being a natural habitat growing on rocky ground, no
management measures are needed. Prohibiting the collection of Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, medicinal plant (Scăriţa-Belioara). Restrictions for collecting Daphne blagayana, ornamental plant (Cozia).
G3.562 – Banat pine forests
Red List Status: EN
Criterion: A4a, Dendemic ≤ 5000 ha
Relict thermophile forests of Pinus banatica (Pinus nigra var.
banatica) developed on calcareous substrates of the montane level of the Southern Carpathians, in particular, of
the Banat, with Genista radiata, Fraxinus ornus, Cotinus coggygria, Biscutella laevigata, Ceterach officinarum, Festuca xanthina,
Seseli rigidum, Campanula kladniana, Centaurea rhenana and
Campanula divergens.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: yes
Current area (RO): 3200 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 500 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The main threats to Pinus nigra forests include unsustainable cutting for production purposes (particularly timber),
the spread of exotic species, defoliation by insect pests
(especially Thaumetopoea pityocampa), over grazing, fires and
genetic pollution.
Required measures for protection and restitution
Entire area covered by habitat is included in protected
areas.
Timberline silicicolous Larix decidua and Pinus cembra formations of the Tatras.
36
37
G3.977 – Alpino-Carpathian yew woods
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: A1≥ 80, B1≥90, D ≤ 250 ha
Taxus baccata woods of the Alpine system and of the Carpathians, in part rare facies of the yew-beech formations,
in part amphibolite-colonizing woods with Picea abies and
Fraxinus excelsior and Juniperus sabina.
Taxonomic note
Forest communites with a rare occurence of yew include
into the G1.6612 Medio-European yew steep slope beech
forests.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (SK): 250 ha (from other countries data are
missing)
Primeval virgin forest: 50 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
The most important factor effecting viability of yewtree populations is damaging fully-grown and especially
young yew-trees by deer game. Particularly adverse situation occurs when young trees are being grazed by animals. Another important factor is decline of quality of
tree-top, decline of blossom and fertility of yew-trees in
result of increased density of forest vegetation. The vegetation suffers from light shock when circled out and
dies back gradually. As a consequence of stagnation of
natural regeneration of yew-tree, heavy fragmentation of
the occurrence, small number of trees in one location,
improper application of forest-economic practices, many
populations of yew-tree are endangered by extinction.
Required measures for protection and restitution
The close to nature and sustainable management in the
forest, the natural tree species conservation, the support
of forest regeneration and the follow protection of seedlings against the game.
G3.E – Nemoral bog conifer woodland
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1≥90%, B2≥90%, A4a
38
Woods of Pinus spp. or Picea spp., sometimes mixed with
Betula pubescens, colonizing bogs and fens in the nemoral
zone. Conifer-dominated bog woodland occurs mainly in
the boreal and boreonemoral zones, but extends into the
nemoral, wooded steppe and steppe zones.
Taxonomic note
Habitat includes the following sub-units:
G3.E1: [Pinus mugo] bog woods
G3.E2: Nemoral [Pinus sylvestris] mire woods
G3.E211: Inland northern bilberry Scots Pine mire
woods
G3.E5: Nemoral peatmoss [Picea] woods
G3.E51: Peri-Alpine peatmoss spruce woods
G3.E6: Nemoral bog [Picea] woods
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (PL, RO, SK): 11350 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 1050 ha
The current distribution of this habitat covers around
74 km2 in Romanian Carpathians. In this habitat type has
been included also the habitat type Norway spruce forests with Sphangnum spp. (R4210) because sometimes
the transition between 91D0* and 9410 is not evident
and environmental conditions and vegetation structure is
close to 91D0*. Otherwise, the surface area of 91D0* is
around 30 – 35 km2.
G4.71 – Subcontinental nemoral [Pinus] – [Quercus]
forests
Red List Status: CR
Criterion: B1 ≥ 50, D ≤ 250 ha
Acidophilous forests in which Quercus petraea is associated
in the main canopy with Pinus sylvestris, characteristic of
siliceous bedrock, gravels, loams, moraines, with shallow,
often podsolised soils, on relatively dry, often south-facing slopes and hilltops of the collinar and submontane
levels of the Bohemian quadrangle, the Carpathians, the
eastern Alps and their associated plateaux.
Geographical distribution in the Carpathians
Endemic habitat: no
Current area (SK): 50 ha
Primeval virgin forest: 0 ha
Assessment rationale and causes of endangerment
There are only fragments of boreal - continental forests
in the West Carpathian area. It is a rare biotope in this
area. Causes of endangerment: fires.
Required measures for protection and restitution
They are not endangered at present. The most of them
are classified as protected forests. It is necessary to keep
the origin status of this biotope in consideration of the
rare occurrence.
References
General:
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SK: Rizman Ivor ([email protected]), Vaško Ѽudovít
([email protected])
SR: Bakovic Dejan ([email protected])
UK: Kabal Myroslav ([email protected]), Voloshchuk
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(2006). Fыgetele din Masivul Ceahlыu, Analele UniversitыҚii „нtefan Cel Mare“ Suceava, vol. 1, silviculturы,
Suceava, p. 5-22.
ZANOSCHI, V. (1971). Flora оi vegetaҚia Masivului Ceahlыu. Rezumatul tezei de doctorat, Universitatea.
Slovakia
JASÍK, M., POLÁK, P. (eds) (2011). Pralesy Slovenska.
FSC Slovensko, Banská Bystrica.
MICHALKO, J., MAGIC, D., BERTA, J., MAGLOCKÝ, Š. &
ŠPÁNIKOVÁ, A. (1986). Geobotanická mapa сSSR. Slovenská socialistická republika, 1 : 200.000. [Geobotanical Map of Czechoslovakia, Slovak Socialist Republic].
– Bratislava (Veda Publ.), 162 pp., 12 maps.
STANOVÁ, V., VALACHOVIс, M. (eds) (2002). Katalóg Biotopov Slovenska. DAPHNE - Inštitút aplikovanej ekológie, bratislava, 225 pp.
Map of potential vegetation 1:500 000 (Atlas krajiny
Slovenskej republiky. Bratislava: Ministerstvo životného
prostredia SR; Banská Bystrica: SAŽP, 2002).
Digital forest type map (National Forest Centre, 2011).
Forest inventory database and maps 1998 - 2008 (National Forest Centre).
Serbia
LAKUŠIп, D., BLAŽENсIп, J., RANєELOVIп, V., BUTORAC,
B., VUKOJIсIп, S., ZLATKOVIп, B., JOVANOVIп, S., ŠINŽAR-SEKULIп, J., ŽUKOVEC, D., пALIп, I. & PAVIпEVIп, D.
(2005). Habitats of Serbia – Manual with descriptions
and basic facts. - In: Lakušiр, D. (ed.): Serbian Habitats,
Results of the project “Harmonization of the national
habitat nomenclature with standards of the international community”, Institute of Botany and Botanical
Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, the University of Belgrade, Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Serbia.
POPESCU, G. (1978). Studii fitocenologice asupra fыgetelor din bazinul hidrografic al BistriҚei-Vâlcii. Analele
Univ. Craiova, 9(19), Craiova, p. 75-79.
POPESCU, G. (1981). ContribuҚii la studiul fitocenologic
al pыdurilor de fag din bazinul hidrografic al BistriҚeiVâlcii. Analele Univ. Craiova, Biol., Agron., Hortic.,
12(22), Craiova, p. 9-17.
POPESCU, G. (1984). Rыоinoasele in zona dealurilor din
zona dealurilor din SubcarpaҚii Orientali de mijloc. Editura Ceres, Bucureоti, p. 343.
POPESCU-ZELETIN, I. & BÎNDIU, C., M., V. (1975). Caracteristici ecologice ale brыdeto-fыgetelor pluriene de la
Sinaia. Raport оtiinҚific, Institutul de cercetыri оi amenajыri silvice, Bucureоti, 52 pp.
PURCELEAN, н. (1965). Fыgetul montan nud din bazinul
Table 2: Summary of numbers of forest habitats within each category of threat
IUCN Red List categories
Extinct (EX)
Extinct in the Wild (EW)
Critically Endangered (CR)
Endangered (EN)
Vulnerable (VU)
Near Threatened (NT)
Least Concern (LC)
Data Deficient (DD)
Total number of habitats assessed
No. of forest habitats
13
10
17
4
9
1
54
No. of endemic forest habitats
2
3
5
4
1
10
41
42
Table 3: Endemic habitats and conversion between EUNIS habitat classification and other classifications
EUNIS
Endemic habitat
CM system
Natura
Pal. Hab
G1.1112 - Eastern European poplar-willow forests
no
Salicion albae
91E0*
44.132 - Eastern European poplar-willow forests
G1.1141 - Pannonic willow and poplar-willow galleries
no
Salicion albae
91E0*
44.1161 - Pannonic willow and poplar-willow galleries
G1.1213 - Hercynio-Carpathian grey alder galleries
no
Alnion incanae
91E0*
44.2 Boreo-alpine riparian galleries
G1.1214 - Eastern Carpathian grey alder galleries
yes
Alnion incanae
91E0*
44.2 Boreo-alpine riparian galleries
G1.21 - Riverine Fraxinus - Alnus woodland, wet at high
but not at low water
no
Alnion incanae
91E0*
44.3 Middle European stream ash-alder woods
G1.2233 - Pannonic ash-oak-alder forests
no
Alnion incanae
91F0
44.4 Mixed oak-elm-ash forests of great rivers
G1.2234 - Getic oak-elm-ash forests
no
Alnion incanae
91F0
G1.411 - Meso-eutrophic swamp alder woods
no
Alnion glutinosae
-
44.91 Alder swamp woods
44.434 Getic oak-elm-ash forests
G1.42 - [Quercus] swamp woods
no
Genisto germanicae-Quercion
9190
44.94 Oak swamp woods
G1.5 - Broadleaved swamp woodland on acid peat
no
Betulion pubescentis
91D0*
G1.611 - Medio-European collinar woodrush beech forests
no
Luzulo-Fagion
9110
41.111 Medio-European collinar woodrush beech forests
G1.6121 - Hercyno-Alpine montane woodrush beech forests
no
Luzulo-Fagion
9110
41.1121 Hercyno-Alpine montane woodrush beech forests
44.A1 Sphagnum birch woods
G1.65 - Medio-European subalpine [Fagus] woods
no
Fagion - Acerenion
9140
41.15 Medio-European subalpine beech woods
G1.6D3 - East Carpathian subalpine beech forests
yes
Symphyto cordati-Fagion
91V0
41.1D3 East Carpathian sub-alpine beech forests
G1.7373 - Intra-Carpathian insular [Quercus virgiliana] woods
yes
Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae
91AA*
G1.7374 - Pannonian [Quercus pubescens] woods
no
Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae
91H0*
41.7374 Pannpnian white oak woods
G1.769 - Getic sub-continental thermophilous oak woods
no
Quercion confertae cerris
91M0
41.769 Getic sub-continental thermophilous oak woods
G1.7A11 - White cinquefoil oak woods
no
Potentillo albae-Quercion
91I0*
41.7A11 Western white cinquefoil sessile oak woods
G1.7A12 - Tartar maple steppe oak woods
no
Aceri tatarici-Quercion
91I0*
41.7A2 Tartar maple steppe oak woods
G1.7C2 - [Carpinus orientalis] woods
no
G1.7C4 - Thermophilous [Tilia] woods
no
Tilio-Acerion
9180
G1.7C5 - [Celtis australis] woods
no
Celto-Juglandetum regiae
-
G1.7D - [Castanea sativa] woodland
no
Castaneo-Quercion
9260
41.9 Chestnut woods
G1.871 - Woodrush oak forests
no
Genisto germanicae-Quercion
91I0*
41.571 Woodrush oak forests
G1.8A - Continental [Quercus petraea] forests
no
Galio-Carpinetum
9170
-
41.7373 Intra-Carpathian insular [Quercus virgiliana] woods
41.822 Helleno-Balkanic oriental hornbeam woods
41.84 Thermophilous lime woods
41.85 Nettle-tree woods
G1.A16 - Sub-continental [Quercus] - [Carpinus betulus] forests
no
Carpinion betuli
91G0*
41.26 Sub-continental oak-hornbeam forests
G1.A1B1 - Pannonic hygrophile ash-oak-hornbeam forests
no
Quercion robori-Carpinenion
91G0*
41.2B1 Pannonic hygrophile ash-oak-hornbeam forests
G1.A1C - Southeastern European [Quercus] - [Carpinus betulus] forests
no
Dacian oak & hornbeam
91Y0
41.2C4 Southern Sarmatic oak-lime-hornbeam forests
G3.12 - Calciphilous [Abies alba] forests
no
Galio-Abietenion
-
41.12 Calciphile medio-European fir forests
G3.13 - Acidophilous [Abies alba] forests
no
Galio-Abietenion
-
42.13 Acidophile medio-European fir forests
G3.1B61 - Western Carpathian subalpine spruce forests
yes
Vaccinio-Piceion
9410
42.2161 Western Carpathian subalpine spruce forests
G3.1B62 - Eastern Carpathian subalpine spruce forests
yes
Vaccinio-Piceion
9410
42.2162 Eastern Carpathian subalpine spruce forests
G3.1C6 - Inner Carpathian spruce forests
yes
Vaccinio-Piceion
9410
42.2161 Western Carpathian subalpine spruce forests
G3.251 - Western Carpathian larch and arolla forests
yes
Vaccinio-Piceion
9420
42.351 Western Carpathian larch and arolla forests
G3.253 - Eastern Carpathian larch and arolla forests
yes
Vaccinio-Piceion
9420
42.353 Eastern Carpathian larch and arolla forests
G3.442 - Carpathian relict calcicolous [Pinus sylvestris] forests
yes
Pulsatillo slavicae-Pinion
G3.562 - Banat pine forests
yes
91Q0
42.542 Carpathian relict calcicolous pine forests
9530*
42.662 Banat pine forests
42.A77 Alpino-Carpathian yew woods
G3.977 - Alpino-Carpathian yew woods
no
Cephalanthero-Fagion
9150
G3.E - Nemoral bog conifer woodland
no
Sphagnion medii, Piceion excelsae
91D0*
G4.71 - Subcontinental nemoral [Pinus] - [Quercus] forests
no
Pino-Quercion
-
44.A Birch and conifer mire woods
43.5 Subcontinental nemoral pine-oak forests
43
RED LIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS
OF THE CARPATHIANS
Figure 2: Map of the Carpathians (according to RUFFINI F. V.,
STREIFENEDER T. & EISELT B., 2006: Implementing an international mountain convention. An approach for the delimitation of
the Carpathian Convention area. European Accademy, Bolzano/
Bozen, 119 pp.).
Compiled by Peter Turis
Authors / Contributors: Peter Turis, Pavol Eliáš jun. (Slovakia), András Schmotzer, Gergely Király (Hungary), Erika Schneider (Romania), Hanna Kuciel, Monika Szewczyk (Poland), Alla Kozurak,
Tatiana Antosyak, Mykola Voloshchuk (Ukraine), Predrag Lazarević (Serbia), Pavel Lustyk (Czech
Republic)
Depending on the border demarcation, the Carpathian
Mts occupy about 210,000 km2, and the width ranges up
The Carpathians constitute one of the largest and best
to 60 – 300 km (KONDRACKI 1989, KRÁL 1999). The major
preserved European mountains. Opinions on precise depart is located in Romania (about 55% of the total area),
marcation of about 1,500 km long mountain system vary
much less in Slovakia (about 17%), Ukraine (about 10%),
according to different authors. Part of the authors (e.g.
Poland (about 9%), Hungary (about 4%), the Czech ReKONDRACKI 1989) sees them as a massif starting in Auspublic (about 3%) and Austria (less than 1%) (KONDRACKI
tria and continuing through the Czech Republic, Slovakia,
1989). From the orographic and phytogeographical point
Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Romania up to the Danube
of view, the Carpathians are usually divided into Western
River on the border with Serbia. They incorporate there
Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians and Southern Carpaalso the relatively large Transylvanian tableland in Romathians, the boundaries between these units vary according
nia (Fig. 1). Other authors (e.g. POSEA 2006) do not consito respective views (e.g. KLIMENT 1999).
der the Transylvanian tableland as part of the Carpathian
The Carpathians are the northernmost and easternmost
Mountains and they include here only significant mounmountain massif of the Central Europe extending up to
tains rising from the surrounding areas situated below in
about 70 m above sea level on the banks of the Danube in
Romania (Fig. 2). Another authors (e.g. KRÁL 1999) assithe Iron Gates to 2,655 m asl in highest mountains in the
gned to the Carpathians also the area behind the Kazan
Tatras. It represents a corridor linking the Alps with the
breakthrough of the Danube in eastern Serbia (Fig. 3).
Balkan Mts. They are typical band-pass mountains with a
Exceptionally, hills in the northwest ness of Bulgaria are
significant presence of flysch in the outer zone, metamorregarded as part of the Carpathian Mountains as well (e.g.
phosed, crystalline, or extremely rugged calcareous rocks
CANKOV 1974).
in the central zone and the Neogene
volcanics in the inner zone (KONDRACFigure 1: Map of the Carpathians (according to KONDRACKI 1989).
KI 1989, KRÁL 1999). Several stages
of the Quarternary glaciations (KONDRACKI 1989) left significant geomorphological traces in the highest part
of the massif. Anthropogenic use of
the Carpathian area has not reached
significant level compared with the
mountains of the Western Europe
and it had more or less extensive character to the mid-20th century. Medieval Wallachian colonization was an
important phenomenon in the colonization of Carpathian mountain landscape aimed at obtaining meadows
and pastures for livestock.
The flora of the Carpathians is considered very rich due to the natural
and climatic conditions, geographical
country these Red Lists were generated from 70-ties of
the last century (Czech Republic: сEғOVSKÝ et al. 1979,
HOLUB et al. 1979; Hungary: RAKONCZAY 1990; Poland: JASIEWICZ 1981, ZARZYCKI & KAүMIERCZAKOWA 1993; Romania: BOнCAIU et al. 1994, DIHORU & DIHORU 1994, OLTEAN
et al. 1994, DIHORU & NEGREAN 2009; Serbia: STEVANOVIп
et al. 1996, STEVANOVIп 1999; Slovakia: MAGLOCKÝ 1983;
Ukraine: SITNIK 1980; former Czechoslovakia: сEғOVSKÝ
et al. 1999) and they were later rewritten, or supplemented in view of the continuing devastation of the natural
environment (Czech Republic: PROCHÁZKA et al. 1983,
HOLUB 2000, GRULICH 2012; Hungary: KIRÁLY 2007; Poland: ZARZYCKI 1986, ZARZYCKI & SZELьG 1992, 2006,
Psephellus trinervius – critically endangered (CR) species marginally
extending into Romanian Carpathians, photo: P. Turis
Introduction
44
location and historical development. Within about 12,500
taxa of vascular plants recorded throughout Europe
(WWF & IUCN 1994), 3,895 taxa are known from the
Carpathians (TASENKEVICH 1998), among which 482 taxa
are exclusively Carpathian endemics (TASENKEVICH 2003).
Therefore, the Carpathians are included among the key
Palearctic mountain eco-regions (WEBSTER et al. 2001) and
they represent one of the 24 phyto-diversity centres of
Europe (WWF & IUCN 1994).
Changes associated with industrialization and agricultural
use of Carpathian countries around the mid-20th century
lead to gradual anthropisation of the territory, which hit
original flora in varying intensity. The Red Lists of plants
or plant Red Books have begun to highlight this escalating threatening of flora of these countries. Within each
Figure 3: Map of the Carpathians (according to KRÁL 1999).
KAүMIERCZAKOWA & ZARZYCKI 2001; Slovakia: MAGLOCKÝ
& FERÁKOVÁ 1993, FERÁKOVÁ et. al. 2001; Ukraine: ŠELJAG-SOSONKO 1996, DIDUCH 2009). In these works, the
authors evaluated together taxa present not only in the
Carpathians, but also in other parts of the country.
Red Lists of plants or Red Books of plants exclusively
for the Carpathian region were published only occasionally (MIREK & PIћKOҕ-MIRKOWA 1992, KRICSFALUSY et al.
1999, KRICSFALUSY & BUDNIKOV 2007, MIREK & PIћKOҕMIRKOWA 2008). Only Tasenkevich tried the Carpathianwide approach to the assessment of vulnerability of flora
when preparing two similar versions of red lists of plants
within the project of the Carpathian EcoRegion Initiative
and WWF – Danube-Carpathian Programme (TASENKEVICH 2002, 2003). Their update was needed because of
the diversity of data on which assessment was based and
changes in the guidelines of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for application of red
list criteria.
45
The present Red List of vascular plants of the Carpathians was developed within the project ‘BioREGIO Carpathians‘ (http://www.bioregio-carpathians.eu) in 2011
– 2013. The partner organizations of the project (State
Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic and the National Forest Centre in Slovakia, National Foundation for
Environmental Protection Environmental Information
Centre UNEP/GRID-Warsaw in Poland, Duna-Ipoly
National Park Directorate and the Szent István University in Hungary, Carpathian Biosphere Reserve in Ukraine,
Piatra Craiului National Park Administration, Maramures
Mountains Nature Park Administration, Iron Gates Nature Park Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency Sibiu in Romania, Public Enterprise Djerdap
National Park in Serbia) developed the red lists for the
Carpathian parts in respective countries, using the specialists’expertise. The aim of the project was to create
red lists of vascular plants, several animal groups, forest
habitats, non-forest habitats and the list of invasive alien
plants and animals.
REGIO Carpathians‘ project a common definition of the
Carpathians was established (Fig. 4), outline of which coincides with the boundaries declared by Král (KRÁL 1999).
In Romania, the territory under evaluation was later modified – the Transylvanian tableland was excluded.
Application of IUCN categories and criteria
Internationally binding Red List Guidelines and Criteria
Figure 4: Map of the Carpathians (according to ‚BioREGIO Carpathians‘ project, http://www.bioregio-carpathians.eu/tl_files/
bioregio/donwnloads_resources/Key%20Outputs%20and%20
Publication/Bioregio_WP3_Methodology_RedListVascularPlant_EndangeredSpecies.pdf).
experts from particular countries used already published
documents (available only for Poland and Ukraine; MIREK & PIћKOҕ-MIRKOWA 1992, KRICSFALUSY et al. 1999,
KRICSFALUSY & BUDNIKOV 2007, MIREK & PIћKOҕ-MIRKOWA 2008), or they used published national red lists of
plants (for other countries) from which taxa absent in the
Carpathian part of the state were excluded. Based on the
current field research or detailed taxonomic studies these
initial lists were complemented by adding other taxa, or
reduction of included taxa.
All native taxa (excluding interspecific hybrids) present in
the respective region were included to ‘national lists‘, inDaphne arbuscula – endemic vulnerable (VU) species of Slovakian
Western Carpathians, photo: P. Turis
Methods
The compilation of the Red List of vascular plants of the
Carpathians (the ‘Carpathian list‘) preceded the formation of red lists of vascular plants of the Carpathian parts
of respective Carpathian countries (the ‘national lists‘),
which represented the basis for development of the final
‘Carpathian list‘.
Rhododendron myrtifolium – least concern (LC) species of Eastern
and Southern Carpathians, photo: P. Turis
Geographical scope
For solving the above-mentioned objective of the ‘‘BioPapaver tatricum subsp. fatraemagnae – endemic endangered (EN)
taxon of Slovakian Western Carpathians, photo: P. Turis
46
tegories VU, EN, CR, CR(PE), RE?, RE and EX? *.
There are included not only categories of threat and
criteria for taxa at the Carpathian-wide level, but also at
the national level, which shows the regional differences
in threat. Presence of not threatened taxa in individual
countries (i.e. not included in the ‚national lists‘) is in the
‚Carpathian list‘ indicated by ‘+‘. Information about the
presence of taxa helps to better understand a category
assignment on the Carpathian-wide scale.
Evaluation of the category of threat of individual taxa
within the whole Carpathians is mainly based on their distribution. Taxa present in single country has been assigned
category of threat proposed by this country. For other
taxa, the number of known sites and vulnerability of their
habitats has been taken into account in particular.
Special symbols indicate endemic species, neophytes,
the occurrence of taxa on predominantly anthropogenic habitats, taxa common in neighbouring regions, but
only marginally extending into the Carpathians and taxa
protected by international instruments (Bern Convention, Natura 2000). Neophytes are according to the works
of PROTOPOPOVA 1991, BALOGH et al. 2004, MEDVECKÁ et
al. 2012, PYŠEK et al. 2012, endemic taxa follow STOYKO
& TASENKEVICH 1993, KLIMENT 1999, BERNÁTOVÁ 2002,
KRICSFALUSY & BUDNIKOV 2002, BERNÁTOVÁ & MÁJOVSKÝ
2003, BERNÁTOVÁ et al. 2003, DVOғÁKOVÁ 2003, PIћKOҕMIRKOWA & MIREK 2003, CHRTEK & MRÁZ 2007, KLIMENT
& BERNÁTOVÁ 2008, and HURDU et al. 2012. In the ‘Car-
defined by IUCN in versions 3.1 and 4.0 (IUCN 2012a,
2012b) have been respected in the threat assessment of
taxa included in ‘national lists‘ and ‘Carpathian list‘. Categories Extinct (EX), Regionally Extinct (RE), Critically
Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU),
Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern (LC), Data Deficient (DD), Not Applicable (NA) and their content are
used in accordance with these guidelines. Missing taxa, for
which there is some low probability of recurrence, were
distinguished from the category of extinct (EX, RE). For
those taxa, unofficial categories ‘Critically Endangered
(possibly extinct)‘ [CR (PE); taxa not confirmed in evaluated area for less than 25 years], and ‘probably extinct‘
[globally EX?, in regional scale RE?; taxa not confirmed in
the evaluated area for 25 to 50 years]. So category RE was
applied here to taxa not confirmed in the assessed area for
over 50 years. The category Least Concern (LC) was used
in the ‘national lists‘ for common or abundant taxa in any
orographic unit of evaluated country. In the ‘Carpathian
list‘, it was used for common or abundant taxa in at least
one country. Similarly, category Data Deficient (DD) was
applied for taxa with lack of data necessary for the evaluation, or for taxa with unclear taxonomic position.
Principles for elaboration of the Red Lists of vascular plants in particular Carpathian countries
During the processes of ‘national lists‘ elaboration, the
cluding steady hybridogenous species and archaeophytes.
Neophytes were assigned only in case of naturalized rare
taxa that do not behave as invasive at regional level and if
they occur in up to 5 locations.
Inclusion of taxa of apomictic genera in those ‘national
lists‘ was very diverse and it expressed levels of obtained
data necessary for the assessment of their threat and rareness. For example, genus Alchemilla was assessed only
in Poland, Rubus only in the Czech Republic, Taraxacum
in the Czech Republic, Poland and partly also in Slovakia,
Hieracium and Pilosella only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and Sorbus only in Slovakia.
When assessing the conservation status of taxa, sites with
demonstrably non-originating occurrence were excluded.
Taxa with temporary incidence reported in previous national lists in the EX category were included only if their
occurrence was demonstrable (e.g. by herbarium specimens).
Principles for elaboration of the Red List of vascular
plants of the Carpathians
Taxonomic structure of the ‘Carpathian list‘ form individual
taxa from ‘national lists‘ which were evaluated in IUCN ca-
*
see comment about participation of the Czech Republic in the ‘BioREGIO Carpathians‘ project in the chapter ‘Note‘
47
pathian list‘ no endemic species of the Czech Republic
(KAPLAN 2012) is included.
Nomenclature of included taxa
Individual countries enrolled taxa in ‘national lists‘ according to the nomenclature under their own generally accepted and used resources (Czech Republic: DANIHELKA
et al. 2012; Hungary: KIRÁLY 2009; Poland: MIREK et al.
2002, PIћKOҕ-MIRKOWA & MIREK 2003, MIREK & PIћKOҕMIRKOWA 2008, KAүMIERCZAKOWA & ZARZYCKI in prep.;
Romania: OPREA 2005, CIOCÂRLAN 2009; Serbia: JOSIFOVIп
1970–1977, SARIп & DIKLIп 1986, SARIп 1992, STEVANOVIп
1999, 2012; Slovakia: MARHOLD et al. in prep.; Ukraine:
MOSYAKIN & FEDORONCHUK 1999). Taxa are referred to
the level of subspecies. Subspecies are not specified when
the species does not have lower taxonomic unit described,
or if it is the nominate subspecies.
Figure 5: Percentage of taxa classified in particular categories of
threat in the Red List of vascular plants of the Carpathians (abbreviations used: see the text).
Euro+Med PlantBase are mentioned repeatedly.
The names of taxa according to Euro+Med PlantBase
are also referred to the level of subspecies, except of cases, when subspecies are not distinguished in any of the
country, and therefore could not have been clearly identified (see e.g. Aethionema saxatile, etc.). For the same reason
some taxa can be listed simultaneously at species and subspecies level, but both names represent different taxa in
‘national lists‘ (see e.g. Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. pannonicus
and L. pannonicus subsp. collinus).
Note
For the initial absence of the Czech Republic in the project ‘BioREGIO Carpathians‘ this country has not developed its own ‘national list‘. The involvement of the
Czech Republic at a final stage of the ‘Carpathian list‘
elaboration was addressed by adding those threatened
taxa that do not occur in other countries. Therefore, taxa
evaluated in the ‘Carpathian list‘ disregard the presence
and the level of threat / no threat in the Carpathian part
of the Czech Republic.
ted in category RE, 13 taxa in the category RE?, 3 taxa
in the category CR(PE), 95 taxa in the category CR, 135
taxa in the category EN and 219 taxa in the category VU.
Furthermore, there are 388 taxa listed in the category
NT, 199 in the category LC and 18 taxa were evaluated
as DD. Categories ratio is shown in Fig. 5. The final form
of the ‘Carpathian list‘ is based on proposals drawn up by
individual Carpathian countries (http://www.sopsr.sk/
symfony-bioregio/botany), a part of the ‘national lists‘ is
published (TURIS et al., 2014). Overview of taxa and representation of IUCN categories in the ‘national lists‘ (status
to August 22nd, 2013) is shown in Table 2.
From the 3,895 taxa mentioned in the Carpathians (TASENKEVICH 1998), 1,152 (29.6%) are included in the proposed
‘Carpathian list‘, 103 of them are regarded as Carpathian
endemics (21.4 %). In addition, 37 taxa of the ‘Carpathian
list‘ are included in Appendix I (strictly protected species) of the Convention on the Conservation of European
Betula humilis – critically endangered (CR) species of Ukrainian
and Romanian Eastern Carpathians, photo: P. Turis
Results and Discussion
The proposed ‘Carpathian list‘ (Table 1) presents a regional list containing 1,091 taxa reported in the database of
Euro+Med PlantBase (see column ‘EuroMed name‘) and
1,169 taxa recorded in literature sources of various Carpathian countries (see column ‘National name‘).
It is the first Carpathian-wide list of threatened species
according to the IUCN categories and criteria. It includes
one taxon evaluated in the category EX?, 20 taxa evalua-
48
References
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Considering the disunity of use of national nomenclature [see e.g. different author abbreviations to Adenophora
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approaches used for evaluation. Previous Red Lists (Tasenkevich 2002, 2003) were also based on different input
data and therefore the difference in number of evaluated
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be considered as fundamentally important. Only the Red
List elaborated by using the same methodology will allow
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Wildlife and Natural Habitats (http://conventions.coe.
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Comparison of the list developed is possible with only
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evaluated species is partly due to absence of 17 taxa present only in the Serbian part of the Carpathians, which
was not the subject of study in mentioned lists published
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51
Table 1: Red List of vascular plants of the Carpathians
EuroMed name
National name
Acanthus hungaricus (Borbás) Baen.
Acanthus longifolius Host non Poiret
Achillea asplenifolia Vent.
Achillea asplenifolia Vent.
Character
M
Carpathians
category
Carpathians
criteria
VU
B2ab(iv)
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)
B1ac(iv)
Achillea impatiens L.
Achillea impatiens L.
EN
Achillea lingulata Waldst. & Kit.
Ptarmica lingulata (Waldst. & Kit.) DC.
NT
Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh.
Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh.
M
CR
Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii
Ptarmica tenuifolia (Schur) Schur
E
NT
SK
cat
SK
crit
CR
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
SK
pres
HU
cat
HU
crit
HU PL
pres cat
PL PL
crit pres
UA
cat
UA RO
pres cat
VU
RO
crit
EN
RO
pres
RS
cat
RS
crit
+
VU
A1b,c,e;B1;B2b,c,d
B2a; B2b(vi)
+
EN
B1ab(iii,iv)
UA
crit
RS
pres
CZ
cat
CZ
crit
+
B1a; B1c(iv)
A2abcd
+
RE
+
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
(Sch. Bip.) Heimerl
Achillea ptarmica L.
Achillea ptarmica L.
Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit.
Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit.
NT
Aconitum anthora L.
Aconitum anthora L.
Aconitum anthora L.
Aconitum jacquinii Rchb.
E
CR
Aconitum bucovinense ZapaХ.
Aconitum bucovinense ZapaХ.
E
NT
Aconitum lycoctonum L. subsp. lycoctonum
Aconitum lycoctonum L. emend. Koelle subsp.
M
+
VU
B2b(ii,iii)
NT
+
+
LC
+
+
CR B2a; C2a(i)
+
CR
+
+
+
C2a(i)
LC
+
+
EN
A1a
+
VU
B2a
+
RE?
+
C2a(i)
+
+
+
lycoctonum
Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. moldavicum
Aconitum moldavicum Hacq.
E
LC
+
VU
B2b(iii)
+
+
+
Aconitum variegatum L. subsp. gracile
E
LC
+
VU
B2b(iii)
+
+
+
B, E
VU
+
+
H
NT
(Hacq.) Jalas
Aconitum variegatum subsp. gracile
(Rchb.) Gáyer
Aconitum variegatum subsp. valesiacum
(Rchb.) Gáy.
Aconitum lasiocarpum (Rchb.) Gáyer
D2
VU
D2(ii)
VU
D2(i)
CR
(Gáyer) Greuter & Burdet
Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A. DC.
Adenophora liliifolia (L.) Besser
RE
Adenophora liliifolia (L.) Ledeb. ex A. DC.
Adonis flammea Jacq.
Adonis flammea Jacq.
Adonis volgensis DC.
Adonis volgensis Steven
Aegilops cylindrica Host
Aegilops cylindrica Host
A
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
VU
E
A
NT
Aethionema saxatile (L.) W. T. Aiton
VU
+
CR A4; B2b(i,ii,iii,iv); C2b
+
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv)c(ii,iii,iv)
VU
+
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
VU
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
B1ab(iii)
Aethionema saxatile (L.) W. T. Aiton
subsp. saxatile
Aethionema saxatile (L.) R. Br.
CR
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.
B1a; B1c(iii)
DD
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.
N
Agropyron pectinatum (M. Bieb.) P. Beauv.
M
VU
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
CR
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
B2b(ii,iii,iv)
+
+
subsp. pectinatum
Agrostemma githago L.
Agrostemma githago L.
Agrostis alpina Scop.
Agrostis alpina Scop.
Agrostis rupestris All.
Aira elegantissima Schur
A
LC
+
NT
+
Agrostis rupestris All.
LC
+
Aira elegantissima Schur
NT
Ajuga laxmannii (Murray) Benth.
Ajuga laxmannii (L.) Benth.
NT
Ajuga pyramidalis L.
Ajuga pyramidalis L.
VU
Alchemilla crinita Buser
Alchemilla crinita Buser
NT
Alchemilla filicaulis Buser
Alchemilla filicaulis Buser
VU
+
NT
+
+
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii)
+
CR
RE
+
C2a(i)
+
+
+
RE
B1ab(iii)
CR
+
A2e; B1a(i)b(v)
B1ab(iii)
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
Alchemilla glaucescens Wallr.
Alchemilla glaucescens Wallr.
NT
+
CR
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
Alchemilla micans Buser
LC
+
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm.
Alchemilla acutiloba Opiz
NT
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
Alchemilla monticola Opiz
Alchemilla monticola Opiz
NT
Alchemilla hungarica Soó
EN
Alchemilla subcrenata Buser
Alchemilla subcrenata Buser
Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.
Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.
Alisma gramineum Lej.
Alisma gramineum C. C. Gmel.
+
B2ab(iii)
LC
B, H
+
CR
A2c
VU
B1ab(iii)
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
EN
CR
B2a(i)c(ii,iv)
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
Allium angulosum L.
Allium angulosum L.
NT
VU
Allium carinatum L. subsp. carinatum
Allium carinatum L. subsp. carinatum
NT
NT
Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum
Allium cirrhosum Vand.
VU
B1ab(i,iv)
+
+
+
CR
M
Alisma gramineum Lej.
+
+
Alchemilla micans Buser
Alchemilla monticola Opiz
+
+
A2
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
EN
B2b(iii, iv)
+
+
+
+
RE
+
+
+
(G. Don) Bonnier & Layens
52
Allium ericetorum Thore
Allium ericetorum Thore
NT
Allium obliquum L.
Allium obliquum L.
EN
Allium paniculatum L. subsp. paniculatum
Allium paniculatum L. subsp. paniculatum
NT
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v); D
+
B2ac(i)
CR
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,v); D
+
B2a; B2c(i)
+
+
53
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
EN
C2a(ii)
B2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii,v); C2a(ii)
EN
B2a; C2a(ii)
Allium saxatile M. Bieb.
Allium moschatum L.
Allium strictum Schrad.
Allium strictum Schrad.
Allium ursinum L.
Allium ursinum L.
LC
+
Allium victorialis L.
Allium victorialis L.
LC
+
Althaea cannabina L.
Althaea cannabina L.
Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik.
Alyssum utriculatum L.
Alyssum montanum L. subsp. montanum
Alyssum montanum L. subsp. montanum
M
NT
CR
M
NT
VU
CR
B1a(ii)b(iii); D
EN
+
VU
A2abcd
+
+
+
B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)
EN
+
+
+
+
+
+
B1ab(i)
LC
Alyssum tortuosum subsp. heterophyllum Nyár. Alyssum tortuosum Waldst. & Kit.
+
+
+
+
CR
C2b
+
CR
B2a; B2c(iii)
+
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
subsp. heterophyllum Nyár.
Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman,
NT
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Orchis coriophora L.
EN
B2b(ii, iii); B2c(iii,iv);
RE
+
NT
C2b
Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman,
CR
A2acd; B2a(i)(i,ii,iii,iv)
EN
A2abcd
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R. M. Bateman, Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R. M. Bateman,
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
NT
CR B1ab(i,ii,iv,v)
+
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Anacamptis morio (L.) R. M. Bateman,
LC
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Orchis morio L.
+
+
EN A2a; C2a(i)
+
Anacamptis morio (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
VU
+
A2abcd
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Anacamptis palustris subsp. elegans (Heuff.)
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv)c(iii,iv)
R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon &
M. W. Chase
Anacamptis palustris subsp. elegans (Heuff.)
CR
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii,iv)c(iv)
R. M. Bateman, A. M. Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Orchis elegans Heuff.
VU
Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R. M. Bateman,
CR
B2b(iii, iv); B2c(iii)
+
B1ab(iii,iv)c(iv)
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase subsp. palustris
Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R. M. Bateman,
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)c(iv); D
A. M. Pridgeon & M. W. Chase subsp.
palustris
Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R. M. Bateman,
CR
A4abcd
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
CR
B2a; C2a(ii)
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich.
Orchis palustris Jacq.
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich.
NT
VU A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii,iv)c(iv); C1+C2b
VU
B2b(iii); C1
Anagallis minima (L.) E. H. L. Krause
Centunculus minimus L.
NT
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
CR
A4
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii)
CR
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv)
EN
B2b(i,iii,iv)+c(ii,iii,iv);
Andromeda polifolia L.
Andromeda polifolia L.
NT
Androsace maxima L.
Androsace maxima L.
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv)c(iii,iv)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
C2b
Androsace obtusifolia All.
Androsace obtusifolia All.
LC
LC
Androsace villosa L.
Adrosace villosa L. subsp. arachnoidea
NT
VU
EN C2a(i); D
+
D2(i,ii)
+
(Schot, Nyman & Kotschy)
Andryala laevitomentosa (Nyár.) Greuter
Andryala levitomentosa (Nyár.) P. D. Sell
Anemone narcissiflora L.
Anemone narcissiflora L.
Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm.
Angelica palustris (Besser) Hofm.
Anchusa azurea Mill.
Anchusa azurea Mill.
Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link.
Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link.
Antennaria carpatica (Wahlenb.)
Antennaria carpatica (Wahlenb.)
Bluff & Fingerh.
Anthemis cretica subsp. carpatica
B, E
CR
B2ab(ii)
LC
+
B, H
CR
A
VU
B1ab(i,iv)
CR
B2ab(ii); C2a(ii)
E
LC
E
NT
+
VU
VU
B2ab(i, ii, iv)
CR
B2a; C2a(ii)
B2a; B2b(ii)
CR
B1a; B1c(iii)
+
B1ac(iii)
+
CR
A2abcd
+
+
+
CR
C2a(i)
CR
B2ab(iv,v)
+
Bluff & Fingerh.
Anthemis carpatica Waldst. & Kit ex Willd.
+
(Willd.) Grierson
Anthericum liliago L.
Anthericum liliago L.
NT
Apera interrupta (L.) P. Beauv.
Apera interrupta (L.) P. Beauv.
VU
Aphanes arvensis L.
Aphanes arvensis L.
A
Aphanes australis Rydb.
Aphanes australis Rydb.
Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. & Reut.) Rothm.
54
A, M
RE
B1ab(iii)
NT
EN
EN
B1ab(iii,iv)c(iv)
CR
B1ab(iii,iv)
CR
D
+
+
RE
RE
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,iii,iv)c(iv)
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR
D
55
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Aquilegia nigricans Baumg.
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
EN
D
VU
A3cd
VU
A1b,c,d;A2b,c,d;
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
DD
Aquilegia nigricans Baumg.
Aquilegia nigricans Baumg. subsp. nigricans
Aquilegia nigricans subsp. subscaposa
+
+
E
CR
B2a; B2c(iii)
(Borbás) Soó
Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur
Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur
Arabidopsis halleri (L.)
Cardaminopsis halleri (L) Hayek
E
NT
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
LC
+
+
CR
B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)
+
+
+
+
VU
A3c; D2
+
+
+
O‘Kane & Al-Shehbaz
Arabis alpina L.
Arabis alpina L.
Arabis nova Vill.
Arabis nova Vill.
Arabis pauciflora (Grimm) Garcke
Arabis pauciflora (Grimm) Garcke
Arabis planisiliqua subsp. nemorensis
Arabis nemorensis (Hoffm.) W. D. J. Koch
N
M
LC
NT
CR
RE
RE
EN
A2ac; B2ab(ii,iii,v)
EN
D2
VU
B2a(ii)b(iii)c(iv)
+
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,v)
(Hoffm.) Soják
Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit.
Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit.
Arctostaphylos alpinus (L.) Spreng.
Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.
N
NT
VU
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
LC
Arenaria grandiflora L. subsp. grandiflora
Arenaria grandiflora L.
CR
Arenaria procera subsp. glabra
Arenaria procera subsp. glabra (Williams) Holub
RE
+
D2(i,ii)
+
+
VU
C2a(i)
B2b,c,e
M
B2ab(iii)
NT
EN
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
+
(Williams) Holub
Armeria alpina Willd.
Armeria alpina Willd.
EN
B2ab(iii)
Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd.
Armeria barcensis Simk.
CR
B1ab(iv)
Armeria elongata (Hoffm.) K. Koch
EN
B2ab(iii,iv)
+
CR
B1a; B1b(iv)
subsp. barcensis (Simonk.) P. Silva
Armeria maritima subsp. elongata
EN
B2ab(iii, iv)
+
(Hoffm.) Bonnier
Armoracia macrocarpa (Willd.) Baumg.
Armoracia macrocarpa (Waldst. & Kit.)
B, M
RE
RE
Kit. ex Baumg.
Arnica montana L.
Arnica montana L.
NT
Artemisia alba Turra
Artemisia alba Turra
VU
B1ab(iii,v)
+
Artemisia austriaca Jacq.
Artemisia austriaca Jacq.
A, M
VU
B2ab(ii,iii,iv)
Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronniger
Artemisia pancicii Ronniger ex
H*
CR
B1ab(iii,v); C2a(i)
EN
CR
VU
A2abcd
+
B2ab(iii, v); D
+
A2ace; B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,v)
+
+
CR B1a(ii)b(iii,v); C2a(i)
Danihelka & Marhold
Asperula arvensis L.
Asperula arvensis L.
CR
B1ab(i,ii,iii)c(iv)
RE
Asperula neilreichii Beck
Asperula neilreichii Beck
A
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)
EN
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.
LC
Asplenium onopteris L.
EN
C1
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)
+
B1a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
+
NT
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
EN
A2abcd
+
+
subsp. adiantum-nigrum
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum subsp. onopteris
EN
C1
CR
C2a(i)
(L.) Heufl.
Asplenium adulterinum Milde
Asplenium adulterinum Milde
Asplenium ceterach subsp. bivalens
Asplenium ceterach subsp. bivalens
(D. E. Mey.) Greuter & Burdet
H
NT
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii); D
CR
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
+
+
(D. E. Mey.) Greuter & Burdet
Asplenium cuneifolium Viv.
Asplenium cuneifolium Viv.
NT
Asplenium lepidum C. Presl subsp. lepidum
Asplenium lepidum C. Presl subsp. lepidum
EN
B1ab(v); D
Asplenium platyneuron (L.)
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) .
CR
D
Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
CR
CR
+
EN
B2a; D1
EN
B2b(iii, iv); C2a(i)
+
CR
C2a(i)
D
Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.
Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.
LC
+
Asplenium viride Huds.
Asplenium viride Huds.
LC
+
Aster alpinus L.
Aster alpinus L.
LC
+
+
VU
B2a
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
+
CR B1ab(iii,iv,v)
+
A2abcd
+
Astragalus australis (L.) Lam.
Astragalus krajinae Domin
E
NT
Astragalus austriacus Jacq.
Astragalus austriacus Jacq.
M
NT
Astragalus danicus Retz.
Astragalus danicus Retz.
VU
Astragalus dasyanthus Pall.
Astragalus dasyanthus Pall.
M
EN
Astragalus depressus L.
Astragalus depressus L.
EN
B1ab(i)
Astragalus exscapus L.
Astragalus exscapus L.
M
VU
A3cd
Astragalus frigidus (L.) A. Gray
Astragalus frigidus (L.) A. Gray
Astragalus glycyphylloides DC.
Astragalus glycyphylloides DC. subsp. serbicus
M
VU
CR
D
B, E
EN
B1ac(i)
EN
B1a; B1c(i)
E
EN
B1ac(iii)
EN
B1a; B1c(iii)
EN
B1a(ii)b(iii)
B1ab(iii)
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
C1
RE
EN
C1
RE?
VU
A3cd
+
CR
NT
+
LC
+
VU
D
C2a(i)
+
+
B1ab(ii)
VU
B1
(Reichenb.) Vasiр & Niketiр
56
Astragalus penduliflorus Lam.
Astragalus penduliflorus Lam.
Astragalus pseudopurpureus Guоul.
Astragalus pseudopurpureus Gusuleac
Astragalus roemeri Simonk.
Astragalus roemeri Simonkai
NT
NT
+
CR B2a; C2a(i)
57
EuroMed name
Astragalus vesicarius L. subsp. vesicarius
National name
Character
Astragalus vesicarius L. subsp. albinus
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
VU
D2
VU
D2
+
EN
B1
(Waldst. & Kit.) Braun-Blanq.
Astragalus vesicarius L. subsp. vesicarius
Astragalus vesicarius L. subsp. vesicarius
VU
D2
Athamanta turbith subsp. hungarica
Athamanta hungarica Borbás
E
VU
B1ab(i)
A
DD
VU
D2(i)
(Borbás) Tutin
Atriplex rosea L.
Atriplex rosea L.
Atropa belladonna L.
Atropa belladonna L.
LC
Aubrieta columnae Guss.
Aubrieta columnae Guss. subsp. croatica
CR
VU
B2a(i)c(ii,iv)
+
+
+
+
+
VU
+
A2abcd
+
C2a(i)
CR
C2a(i)
(Schott, Nyman & Kotschy)
Barbaraea stricta Andrz.
Barbaraea stricta Andrz.
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton subsp. lepuznica
Bassia sedoides (Pall.) Asch.
Bassia sedoides (Pall.) Asch.
NT
E
+
CR
B2ac(iii)
CR
C1; D
+
+
+
CR
C2b
CR
B2a; B2c(iii)
(Nyár.) Soó
M
Bellardiochloa variegata (Lam.) Kerguélen
CR
C1; D
NT
Bellardiochloa variegata (Lam.) Kerguélen
VU
D1+D2(i)
+
Bellardiochloa violacea (Bellardi) Chiov.
EN B2a; C2a(i)
Betula humilis Schrank.
Betula humilis Schrank.
CR
B2ac(iii)
Betula kotulae Zaver.
Betula obscura Ԑ. Kotula
EN
B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
EN
A2abcd
+
+
B2a; B2c(iii)
CR
B1a; B1c(i)
Betula nana L.
Betula nana L.
CR
B1ac(i)
Betula oycoviensis Besser
Betula ×oycoviensis Besser
VU
B1ab(iii)
Betula pubescens Ehrh.
Betula pubescens Ehrh.
LC
Bifora radians M. Bieb.
Bifora radians M. Bieb.
Biscutella laevigata L.
Biscutella laevigata L.
LC
+
CR
Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth.
Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth
LC
+
CR
D1
+
+
+
Blysmus compressus (L.) Link
Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz.
LC
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt)
Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt)
A
RE
CR
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
RE
VU
+
NT
CR
VU
C2a(ii)
B2a; C1; C2a(i)
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,iii,iv)c(iii,iv)
+
+
+
+
+
+
A2c; B2a(i,ii,iv,v);
+
EN
A4abc
+
+
+
+
C2a(i); D
T. V. Egorova
DD
EN
B2a(ii)b(ii,v)c(iv)
A, M
VU
B2ac(ii,iii,iv)
VU
B2a(i,ii)c(ii,iii,iv)
A
CR
B2ac(iv); C2b
CR
B2a(i)c(iv); C2b
M
VU
B1ab(i)
CR
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv)
+
+
+
T. V. Egorova
Bolboschoenus yagara (Ohwi)
Bolboschoenus yagara (Ohwi)
Y. C. Yang & M. Zhan
Y. C. Yang & M. Zhan
Bombycilaena erecta (L.) Smoljan.
M
Bombycilaena erecta (L.) Smoljan.
Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Ångstr. Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Ångstr.
RE
Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.
LC
Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.
Botrychium matricariifolium W. D. J. Koch
B
EN
+
RE
+
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
Botrychium matricariifolium (A. Braun ex Döll)
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v)
+
W. D. J. Koch
Botrychium matricariifolium (Retz.) A. Braun
RE
Botrychium matricariifolium A. Br. ex Koch
CR
C2a(i)
CR
A4abc
Botrychium ramosum (Roth) Asch.
Botrychium multifidum (S. G. Gmel.) Rupr.
Botrychium multifidum (S. G. Gmel.) Rupr.
CR
B
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.
VU
B1ab(iii,v)
VU
B2ac(ii)
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.
CR
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D
CR
B2a; B2b(iii); C1
+
RE
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. in Schrad.
Brassica elongata Ehrh. subsp. elongata
Brassica elongata Ehrh. subsp. elongata
Bromus pannonicus Kumm. & Sendtn.
Bromus pannonicus Kum. & Sentn.
Bromus secalinus L. subsp. secalinus
Bromus secalinus L. subsp. secalinus
B1a; B1c(ii)
VU
M, N
RE
A
NT
VU
Bupleurum longifolium L.
Bupleurum longifolium L.
LC
Bupleurum pachnospermum Panтiр
Bupleurum pachnospermum Panрiр
VU
Bupleurum praealtum L.
Bupleurum praealtum L.
Bupleurum ranunculoides L.
Bupleurum ranunculoides L.
E
NT
Bupleurum rotundifolium L.
Bupleurum rotundifolium L.
A
NT
Bupleurum tenuissimum L.
Bupleurum tenuissimum L.
A
VU
Calamagrostis canescens (Weber) Roth
Calamagrostis canescens (Weber) Roth em. Druce
NT
Calamagrostis purpurea subsp. phragmitoides
Calamagrostis phragmitoides Hartm.
CR
Calla palustris L.
NT
B2a; B2c(ii)
RE
B2ab(iii,iv)
EN
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
+
C1
NT
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
VU
C2a(i)
VU
C1
+
EN B2a; C1a(i)
+
NT
+
B1ab(i,iii)
+
+
CR
B2a(i)b(i,iii)
+
CR
B2a(i)b(i,iii)
+
C2a(ii)
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
CR
C2a(ii)
CR
B1ab(i,iii)
VU
A4bcd
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(Hartm.) Tzvelev
Calla palustris L.
VU
A2ac;
B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)+B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
58
Callianthemum coriandrifolium Rchb.
Callianthemum coriandrifolium Rchb.
NT
Callitriche hamulata Kütz ex W. D. J. Koch
Callitriche hamulata W. D. J. Koch
EN
Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
LC
LC
B2ac(iii,iv)
EN
+
NT
B2a(ii)c(iii,iv)
+
CR
C2a(ii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
B1;B2b,c
59
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. subsp. alyssum Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. subsp. alyssum
Camelina alyssum subsp. integerrima
(сelak.) Smejkal
Camelina alyssum subsp. integerrima
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
VU
B1a; B2b(iii)
A, M
RE
RE
A
RE
RE
RE
RE
RE
(сelak.) Smejkal
Camelina rumelica Velen. subsp. rumelica
Camelina rumelica Velen. subsp. rumelica
M
CR
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz subsp. sativa
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz subsp. sativa
A
RE
B1ab(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
RE
CR
Camelina sativa subsp. zingeri
Camelina sativa subsp. zingeri (Mirek) Smejkal
N
RE?
RE?
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
+
+
(Mirek) Smejkal
Campanula carpatica Jacq.
Campanula carpatica Jacq.
E
LC
Campanula crassipes Heuff.
Campanula crassipes Heuff.
E
VU
Campanula kladniana (Schur) Witasek
Campanula kladniana (Schur) Witasek
E
NT
Campanula latifolia L.
Campanula latifolia L.
+
VU
+
+
EN
B2b(iii)+c(iv)
VU
A4cd
B1a; B1c(i)
A4abcd
+
+
+
+
+
NT
Campanula macrostachya Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
Campanula macrostachya Kit.
Campanula rapunculus L.
Campanula rapunculus L.
NT
Cardamine dentata Schult.
Cardamine dentata Schult.
VU
B1ab(iii,iv)
EN
B1a(i)b(i,iii)
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
+
Cardamine enneaphyllos (L.) Crantz
Dentaria enneaphyllos L.
LC
Cardamine glauca Spreng. ex DC
CR
Cardamine parviflora L.
Cardamine parviflora L.
Carduus collinus Waldst. & Kit.
Carduus collinus Waldst. & Kit.
LC
+
Carduus defloratus subsp. summanus
Carduus crassifolius Willd. subsp. glaucus
LC
+
M
+
+
Cardamine glauca DC.
(Pollini) Arcang.
A4abcd
EN
NT
Campanula macrostachya Willd.
EN
B1ab(i)
+
+
C2a(i)
NT
+
+
EN
+
VU B2a; C2a(i)
EN
A2ac; B2a(iii)
+
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
+
CR
B1a; B1c(iv)
CR
C2a(i)
EN
C2b
D
EN
+
(Baumg.) Kazmi
Carduus hamulosus Ehrh.
Carduus hamulosus Ehrh.
Carex appropinquata Schumach.
Carex appropinquata Schumach.
M
NT
CR
B1ab(i)
Carex atrofusca Schkuhr
Carex atrofusca Schkuhr
VU
D2
Carex bicolor All.
Carex bicolor All.
EN
B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)
Carex bigelowii subsp. dacica (Heuff.)
Carex dacica Heuff.
NT
Carex bigelowii Torr. ex Schwein. subsp. rigida
NT
RE
VU
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii,iv)
VU
D2(i,ii)
VU
+
+
EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
VU
B2a
EN
B2a
+
EN
C2a(i)
+
+
T. V. Egorova
Carex bigelowii subsp. rigida
W. Schultze-Motel
+
+
W. Schultze-Motel
Carex brevicollis DC.
Carex brevicollis DC.
LC
VU
D2(i,ii)
Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.
Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.
NT
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
LC
+
CR
+
C2a(ii)
+
VU
+
A2abcd
Carex canescens L.
Carex canescens L.
LC
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
Carex cespitosa L.
Carex cespitosa L.
LC
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
Carex davalliana Sm.
Carex davalliana Sm.
LC
+
RE
Carex depressa subsp. transsilvanica
Carex depressa Link subsp. transsylvanica
NT
(Schur) T. V. Egorova
+
VU
NT
+
A4abcd
+
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iv)
+
+
+
CR
C2b
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(Schur) T. V. Egorova
Carex diandra Schrank
Carex diandra Schrank
NT
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
Carex dioica L.
Carex dioica L. subsp. dioica
NT
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
Carex echinata Murray
Carex echinata Murr.
LC
Carex elongata L.
Carex elongata L.
NT
Carex ericetorum Pollich
Carex ericetorum Pollich
VU
Carex firma Host
Carex firma Host
LC
Carex fritschii Waisb.
Carex fritschii Waisb.
RE?
Carex fuliginosa Schkuhr
Carex fuliginosa Schkuhr
NT
Carex halleriana Asso
Carex halleriana Asso
NT
Carex hartmanii Cajander
Carex hartmannii Cajander
NT
CR
+
+
B1ab(iii)
C2a(ii)
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
RE?
+
+
+
+
+
CR B2a; B2c(ii); C2a(i)
RE?
+
CR
Carex heleonastes L. f.
Carex heleonastes L. f.
Carex hordeistichos Vill.
Carex hordeistichos Vill.
Carex hostiana DC.
Carex hostiana DC.
NT
Carex chordorrhiza L. f.
Carex chordorrhiza L. f.
VU
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh.
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh.
Carex limosa L
Carex limosa L.
Carex loliacea L
Carex loliacea L.
CR
B2ac(iii); C2a(i)
Carex magellanica subsp. irrigua
Carex magellanica subsp. irrigua
EN
B1ab(iii)
M
CR
+
B2a(ii)b(iii)
VU
A1abc
+
+
+
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
C2a(ii)
CR
NT
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii)
NT
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
EN
NT
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
RE
B1ab(iii)
+
C2a(ii)
+
+
+
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
CR
C2a(i)
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR
B2a; B2c(iii);
C2a(i)
(Wahlenb.) Hiitonen
60
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii); C1+C2a(ii)
+
(Wahlenb.) Hiitonen
Carex melanostachya M. Bieb. ex Willd.
Carex melanostachya M. Bieb. ex Willd.
NT
VU
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv)
Carex parviflora Host
Carex parviflora Host
NT
VU
D2(i,ii)
+
CR
C2a(i)
+
Carex pauciflora Lightf.
Carex pauciflora Lightf.
NT
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii); C1+C2a(ii)
EN
A2a
+
VU
A1abcd
+
61
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carex pediformis subsp. rhizodes
Carpathians
category
Carpathians
criteria
VU
B1ab(iii)
SK
cat
SK
crit
SK
pres
HU
cat
HU
crit
HU PL
pres cat
PL PL
crit pres
UA
cat
UA
crit
UA RO
pres cat
RO
crit
RO
pres
RS
cat
RS
crit
RS
pres
CZ
cat
CZ
crit
EN
B2a(ii)c(ii,iii)
(Meinsh.) H. Lindb.
Carex pediformis C. A. Mey. subsp. rhizodes
CR
C2a(i)
(Blytt) A. Linb. fil.
Carex rhizina Lindb.
VU
Carex pseudocyperus L.
Carex pseudocyperus L.
NT
Carex pulicaris L.
Carex pulicaris L.
EN
A2ac; B2ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Carex pyrenaica Wahlenb.
Carex pyrenaica Wahlenb.
VU
B1ab(iii)
RE
Carex rostrata Stokes
Carex rostrata Stokes
LC
Carex rupestris All.
Carex rupestris All.
NT
Carex strigosa Huds
Carex strigosa Huds.
NT
Carex supina Wahlenb.
Carex supina Wahlbg.
VU
Carex umbrosa Host
Carex umbrosa Host
NT
Carex vaginata Tausch
Carex vaginata Tausch
CR
Carthamus lanatus L.
Carthamus lanatus L.
NT
Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv.
Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv.
NT
Caucalis platycarpos L.
Caucalis platycarpos subsp. muricata
A
NT
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
B2a(i)b(iii)
B2ab(iii)
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
CR
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
EN
EN
C2a(ii); D1
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
B2a
+
EN
+
D
NT
+
+
+
+
RE
+
LC
+
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii)
+
+
EN
+
+
NT
B1ab(iii)
B2a; B2b(iii)
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(i,ii,iii)
+
VU
VU
VU
+
B2b(iii, iv)
B1a(i)b(i,iii)c(iv)
+
+
+
+
+
(сelak.) Holub
Centaurea affinis Friv. subsp. affinis
Centaurea affinis Friv.
CR
B2ab(iv)
Centaurea chrysolepis Vis.
Centaurea chrysolepis Vis.
M
VU
B1ab(ii)
Centaurea phrygia subsp. rarauensis
Centaurea carpatica (Porcius) Porcius subsp.
E
CR
E
VU
(Prodan) Dostál
Centaurea phrygia subsp. ratezatensis
(Prodan) Dostál
B2a; B2b(iv)
D
CR
D
D1
VU
D1
VU
B1
rarauenssis (Prodan) Ciocarlan
Centaurea pseudophrygia C. A. Mey. subsp.
ratezatensis (Prodan) Ciocarlan
Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. solstitialis
Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. solstitialis
Centaurium litorale subsp. compressum
Centaurium litorale subsp. compressum
(Hayne) Kirschner
CR
A, N
NT
EN
CR(PE)
A2ac; B1ab(iii)
EN
+
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii)
(Hayne) Kirschner
Сephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce
Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce
LC
+
+
+
EN
A1abc
+
Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch
Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch
LC
NT
+
+
+
VU
A2abc
+
LC
Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.
Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.
LC
NT
+
+
VU
A2abcd
+
VU
B1
Cephalaria pastricensis Dörfl. & Hayek
Cephalaria pastricensis Dörfl. & Hayek
EN
B1
M
Cerastium alpinum L.
EN
CR B2a; C2a(i)
B1ab(iii)
LC
NT
Cerastium alpinum L.
CR(PE)
+
Cerastium alpinum L. s. str.
CR
Cerastium anomalum Schrank
Dichodon viscidum (M. Bieb.) Holub
Cerastium carinthiacum Vest
Cerastium latifolium L.
M
VU
Cerastium cerastoides (L.) Britton
Dichodon cerastioides (L.) Rchb.
NT
Cerastium uniflorum Clairv.
Cerastium uniflorum Clairv.
NT
Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser
NT
D2
EN
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
VU
D2(i)
B2a
+
+
+
VU
+
+
D2(i)
VU
+
EN
A4abc
+
B2a
NT
Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth
M, N
Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser
A
Chaerophyllum hirsutum L.
Chaerophyllum hirsutum L.
Chaerophyllum nodosum (L.) Crantz
Myrrhoides nodosa (L.) Cannon
VU
+
+
LC
A, N
VU
+
D1+2
VU
Chamorchis alpina (L.) Rich.
Chamorchis alpina (L.) Rich.
NT
NT
Chenopodium foliosum Asch.
A, N
NT
CR
B2a(i,ii)b(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i,ii); D
Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.) Aellen
Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.) Aellen
M, N
EN
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. P. C. Barton
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. P. C. Barton
A3c; C2a(ii)
+
+
+
EN
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v); D2(i)
Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich
Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich
VU
D2(i,ii)
Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin.
Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin.
LC
VU
B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
Cicuta virosa L.
Cicuta virosa L.
NT
EN
B2a(iv)b(iii,iv,v)
Cimicifuga europaea Schipcz.
Cimicifuga europaea Schipcz.
NT
+
+
+
EN B2a; C2a(i)
+
+
+
B2ac(ii,iii)
NT
VU
CR
D1+D2(i,ii)
Chenopodium foliosum Asch.
B
A3c
RE
D2
CR
C1
+
+
CR
C2a(i)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR
A3c; B2ab(ii,iii,iv);
CR
A3c; B2ab(ii,iii,iv);
+
+
C2a(i); D
+
C2a(i); D
62
Circaea alpina L.
Circaea alpina L.
LC
+
Cirsium acaule Scop. subsp. acaule
Cirsium acaule Scop.
NT
+
Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop.
Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop.
LC
+
Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.
Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.
LC
+
Cirsium waldsteinii Rouy
Cirsium waldsteinii Rouy
NT
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl
Clematis alpina (L.) Mill.
Clematis alpina (L.) Mill.
Clematis integrifolia L.
Clematis integrifolia L.
M
EN
A2ac; B1ab(iii,iv)
VU
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,v)
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
LC
M
NT
B1a(i)b(iii)
B2ab(i,ii,iv); C2a(ii)
+
EN
+
VU
A4c; C1
VU
B2a
C2a(i)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
VU
CR
EN
A3c
+
+
63
EuroMed name
Clinopodium thymifolium (Scop.) Kuntze
National name
Micromeria thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch
Cochlearia borzeana (Coman & Nyár.) Pobed. Cochlearia borzeana (Coman & Nyár.) Pobed.
Cochlearia tatrae Borbás
Character
Cochlearia tatrae Borbás
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
EN
A4cd; C2a(ii)
EN
C2b
EN
A4cd; C2a(ii)
E
EN
C2b
E, H*
NT
NT
RE
Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl
Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl
B, H
RE
Colchicum arenarium Waldst. & Kit.
Colchicum arenarium W. & K.
B, H
RE
Colchicum autumnale L.
Colchicum autumnale L
LC
Comarum palustre L.
Comarum palustre L.
NT
Conioselinum tataricum Hoffm.
+
VU
B2a
+
RE
+
VU
+
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
NT
VU
A1abcd
+
+
+
+
+
NT
Conioselinum tataricum Hoffm.
NT
+
VU
B2a
+
Conioselinum vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell.
CR
Conringia austriaca (Jacq.) Sweet
Conringia austriaca (Jacq.) Sweet
M
EN
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort.
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort.
A
NT
A2ac; B1ab(iii)c(iv)
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii)c(iv); D
RE
CR
A2ac; B1a(ii)b(iii,iv)c(iv)
RE
Consolida regalis subsp. paniculata (Host) Soó Consolida regalis subsp. paniculata (Host) Soó
A
DD
VU
B1b(iii)c(iii,iv)
Convolvulus cantabrica L.
Convolvulus cantabrica L.
M
NT
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel.
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel.
Corispermum nitidum Kit. ex Schult.
Corispermum nitidum Kit. ex Schult.
Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch.
Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch.
LC
VU
+
+
+
+
+
CR(PE)
A
C2a(i)
EN
B2c(iii, iv); C2b
+
VU
+
+
+
+
+
A2abc
+
+
CR(PE)
B1ab(i)c(iv)
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)c(iii)
+
+
subsp. squamatus
Cortusa matthioli L.
Cortusa matthioli L. subsp. pubens
NT
+
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
+
(Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Jáv.
Corydalis capnoides (L.) Pers.
Corydalis capnoides (L.) Pers.
NT
Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv.
Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. B.
VU
Cotoneaster tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl.
Cotoneaster tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl.
Crambe tataria Sebeók
Crambe tataria Sebeók
Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand.
Crepis jacquinii Tausch
Crepis mollis (Jacq.) Asch.
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
EN
NT
+
EN
+
Crataegus lindmanii Hrabўtová
VU
B1ab(iii)
Crepis jacquinii Tausch
LC
+
+
Crepis mollis (Jacq.) Asch.
LC
+
+
Crepis nicaeensis Pers.
Crepis nicaeensis Balb.
Crepis pannonica (Jacq.) C. Koch
Crepis praemorsa (L.) Walther
Crepis praemorsa (L.) Tausch
Crepis pulchra L.
Crepis pulchra L.
Crepis sibirica L.
Crepis sibirica L.
Crocus vernus (L.) Hill subsp. vernus
Crocus banaticus J. Gay
Crupina vulgaris Cass.
Crupina vulgaris Cass.
N
A2ae; D
A2ac; B1ab(i,iii)
EN
A2ac; B2ab(ii,iii)
A2ac; B2ab(iii,iv)
EN
A2ac; B2ab (iii; iv)
LC
E
NT
VU
+
B1ab(iii,iv)
VU
VU
D2(i,ii)
EN
B1a(i)b(i,iii,iv)+B2a(i)b(i,iii,iv)
+
CR
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
VU
B1a(ii)b(i,iv)
C2a(i,ii)
+
+
CR
C2a(i)
+
+
CR B2a; C2a(i)
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
NT
Crypsis alopecuroides
+
VU
NT
+
A3c,d
EN
A
+
B2a
A3cd
EN
+
+
RE
EN
+
B2a; B2b(iv)
EN
Crepis pannonica (Jacq.) K. Koch
H
NT
B2ab(iii,iv)
A4abcd
+
+
RE
+
B1ab(iii)
(Piller & Mitterp.) Schrad.
Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterpac.) Schrad. M
VU
Heleochloa alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterp.)
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
Host ex Roem.
Cryptogramma crispa (L.) Hook.
Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R. Br. ex Hook.
Cuscuta epilinum Weihe
Cuscuta epilinum Weihe
VU
B1ab(i,iv)
CR
A2ac; B1ab(i)
A
RE
Cuscuta epilinum Weihe ex Boenn.
Cuscuta lupuliformis Krock.
Cuscuta lupuliformis Krock.
Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Á. Löve & D. Löve
Centaurea triumfettii All.
Cynoglottis barrelieri (All.) Vural & Kit Tan
Anchusa barrelieri (All.) Vitman
Cypripedium calceolus L.
Cypripedium calceolus L.
Cystopteris fragilis subsp. alpina (Lam.) Hartm. Cystopteris regia (L.) Desv.
RE?
RE
M
NT
M
VU
B, H
NT
CR
RE
A4ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv)
LC
+
B2ab(ii,iii,iv)
RE
NT
+
NT
+
+
+
VU
VU
B2b(ii,iii,iv)
EN
A1; B2b(ii, iii, iv)
+
B2a
+
+
VU
+
C2a(i)
+
+
CR
D
+
VU
A4abc
+
Cystopteris montana (Lam.) Desv.
Cystopteris montana (Lam.) Bernh. ex Desv.
LC
+
+
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
Cystopteris sudetica A. Braun & Milde
Cystopteris sudetica A. Braun & Milde
NT
+
+
VU
+
Cytisus austriacus var. rochelii (Wierzb.) Cristof.
DD
Cytisus rochelii (Wierzb.) Rothm.
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
Chamaecytisus rochelii (Wierzb.) Rothm.
Cytisus podolicus BХocki
A4abc
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
Chamaecytisus podolicus (BХocki) Klask.
VU
Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó
Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó
NT
Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó
Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó
LC
Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. cruenta
Dactylorhiza cruenta (O. F. Müll.) Soó
D2
+
CR(PE)
VU
B2b(ii, iii); C2b
+
VU
D2
VU
A2abcd
LC
+
+
+
CR(PE)
(O. F. Müll.) P. D. Sell
Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. cruenta
(O. F. Müll.) P. D. Sell
64
Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. haematodes
(Rchb.) Soó
EN
B1ab(i)
CR
A2ace; B2a(i)b(iii,v)c(iv);
+
C1
65
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.)
Carpathians
category
Carpathians
criteria
SK
cat
SK
crit
SK
pres
HU
cat
HU
crit
HU PL
pres cat
PL PL
crit pres
UA
cat
UA
crit
UA RO
pres cat
RO
crit
RO
pres
RS
cat
+
NT
RS
crit
RS
pres
CZ
cat
CZ
crit
NT
Soó subsp. incarnata
Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.)
+
+
CR
Soó subsp. incarnata
B2a;
C2a(i)
Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó
Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. ochroleuca.
(Wüstnei ex Boll)
EN
Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó subsp.
EN
B1ab(iii)
VU
A2e; B2b(iii,v)c(iv)
VU
A2e; B2b(iii,v)c(iv)
CR
A2e; B2ab(iii)c(iv); C1
CR
A2e; B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv); C1
CR
A2e; B2ab(iii)c(iv)
CR
A2e; B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
EN
A2e; B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
CR
A2e; B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv); C1
A4abcd
RE
+
ochroleuca (Boll) P. F. Hunt & Summerh.
P. F. Hunt & Summerh
Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pulchella
(Druce) Soó
Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. elodes
(Griseb.) Soó
Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. ericetorum.
Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pulchella
+
(Druce) Soó
Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. elodes
(Griseb.) Soó
Dactylorhiza ericetorum (E. F. Linton) Aver.
(E. F. Linton) P. F. Hunt & Summerh
Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó
NT
subsp. maculata
Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó
VU
Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó subsp. maculata
Dactylorhiza maculata subsp.
E
A2abcd
+
LC
NT
transsilvanica (Schur) Soó
Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. transsilvanica
+
(Schur) Soó
Dactylorhiza transsilvanica (Schur) Aver.
Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.)
Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.)
P. F. Hunt & Summerh.
P. F. Hunt & Summerh.
Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó
LC
Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó
LC
NT
+
VU
B2b(ii, iii); C2b
+
VU
B2b(ii, iii); C2b
EN
+
DD
+
VU
A2abcd
+
VU
A2abcd
+
VU
A2abcd
+
A2a;
C2a(i)
Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R. M. Bateman, Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.
LC
+
VU
B2b(iii, iv); C1
EN
A4c; C2a(ii)
+
VU
B1
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Daphne arbuscula сelak.
Daphne arbuscula сelak.
Daphne cneorum L.
Daphne cneorum L.
NT
Daphne laureola L. subsp. laureola
Daphne laureola L.
VU
B1ac(iv)
Delphinium elatum L.
Delphinium elatum L. subsp. nacladense
CR
B1ab(iii)
Dianthus barbatus subsp. compactus
Dianthus barbatus subsp. compactus
B, E, H*
E
VU
B1ab(i,iv)
VU
B1a(i)b(i,iv)
VU
B1a(i)b(i,iii,iv)
+
VU
CR
(ZapaХ.) Holub
(Kit.) Heuff.
Dianthus carthusianorum L.
(Kit.) Thaisz
VU
B1;C2a;D2
VU
B1
VU
B1
VU
B2c
VU
A1a,b,c,e;A2b,c;
B2a;
C2a(i)
NT
VU
B2a(i)b(iii)
+
+
+
(Kit.) Heuff.
Dianthus carthusianorum L. subsp. saxigenus
E
NT
EN
(Schur) Jav.
Dianthus collinus subsp. glabriusculus
B1a; B1c(iv)
B2a;
+
C2b
Dianthus collinus subsp. glabriusculus
VU
B1ab(i)
B2ac(ii)
EN
B2a(i)b(iii,iv)
+
+
(Kit.) Thaisz
Dianthus henteri Griseb. & Schenk
Dianthus henteri Heuff. ex Griseb. & Schenk E
VU
Dianthus nitidus Waldst. & Kit.
Dianthus nitidus Waldst. & Kit.
B, E, H*
NT
Dianthus pelviformis Heuff.
Dianthus pelviformis Heuffel
M
VU
B1ab(ii)
Dianthus petraeus subsp. orbelicus
Dianthus petreus Waldst. & Kit. subsp.
CR
B2ac(iii)
(Velen.) Greuter & Burdet
orbelicus (Velen.) Greuter & Burdet
CR
B2ac(ii)
Dianthus pinifolius subsp. serbicus Wettst. Dianthus pinifolius Sm. subsp. serbicus Wettst.
Dianthus praecox Kit. subsp. praecox
Dianthus plumarius L. subsp. praecox
Dianthus praecox subsp. pseudopraecox
Dianthus praecox subsp. pseudopraecox
VU B2a; B2c(ii)
+
E
NT
E
VU
B1ab(iii)
VU
B1ab(iii)
RE
CR B2a; B2c(iii)
CR B2a; B2c(ii)
+
EN
A4cd; B2ab(ii,iii)
+
(Kit. ex Schult.) Domin
(Novák) KmeҜová
VU
B1a(ii)b(iii)
(Novák) KmeҜová
Dianthus serotinus Waldst. & Kit.
Dianthus serotinus Waldst. & Kit.
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
Dianthus superbus L. subsp. superbus
Dianthus superbus L. subsp. superbus
B
NT
EN
B2a(i)b(iii,iv)
+
Doronicum clusii (All.) Tausch
Doronicum stiriacum (Vill.) Dalla Torre
LC
LC
Doronicum hungaricum Rchb. f.
+
+
+
+
EN
+
A3bcd
+
NT
Doronicum hungaricum Rchb. f.
EN
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv); C2a(i)
+
CR B2ab(iv,v)
Doronicum hungaricum (Sadl.) Rchb.
+
B2b,c,d
Draba aizoides L.
Draba aizoides L.
NT
Draba aizoides subsp. beckeri (A. Kern.) Draba aizoides subsp. beckeri (A. Kern.)
Hörandl & Gutermann
Draba dorneri Heuff.
66
+
EN
B2ab(iii)
CR
B1ac(iii)
EN
+
CR B1ab(iii,iv,v)
+
+
B2a(ii)b(iii)
Hörandl & Gutermann
Draba dorneri Heuff.
B, E, H
CR B1a; B1c(iii)
67
EuroMed name
Draba dubia Suter
National name
Character
Draba dubia Suter
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
NT
NT
+
EN
B2a;
+
C2a(i)
Draba fladnizensis Wulfen
Draba fladnizensis Wulfen
VU
C2b
Draba haynaldii Stur
Draba haynaldii Stur
E
CR
B2ac(iii)
Draba lasiocarpa subsp. klasterskyi
Draba lasiocarpa subsp. klasterskyi
E
CR
B2ab(ii,iii,iv)
(Chrtek) Chrtek
Draba lasiocarpa Rochel subsp.
VU
D1+D2(i,ii)
CR
C2b
CR B2a; B2c(iii)
CR
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv)
(Chrtek) Chrtek
Draba lasiocarpa Rochel subsp. lasiocarpa
NT
VU
A4c; C1
+
+
+
+
lasiocarpa
Draba muralis L.
Draba muralis L.
M
NT
VU
Draba nemorosa L.
Draba nemorosa L.
M, N
NT
LC
Draba pacheri Stur
Draba pacheri Stur
RE
RE
B2b(ii,iii)c(iii,iv)
+
+
+
EN
B2a;
+
+
C2a(i)
Draba siliquosa M. Bieb.
NT
Draba siliquosa Clairv.
CR
B2a;
C2a(i)
Draba siliquosa M. Bieb.
Draba simonkaiana Jáv.
Draba simonkaiana Jáv.
EN
E
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
+
B1ac(iii)
Draba tomentosa Clairv.
Draba tomentosa Clairv.
Dracocephalum austriacum L.
Dracocephalum austriacum L.
B, H
VU
B1ab(i,iv,v)
Dracocephalum ruyschiana L.
Dracocephalum ruyschiana L.
B
EN
A2ac; B1ab(iii)
Drosera intermedia Hayne
Drosera intermedia Hayne
EN
B1ab(iii)c(i)
B1ab(iii,iv,v)c(iii)
CR B1a; B1c(iii)
NT
+
CR
B2a(i)b(ii,iv,v)
EN B2a; C2a(i)
CR
A2ac
CR
C2a(i)
CR
B1a; B1c(i)
CR A2ac; B2ab(iii); C2a(ii)
+
+
Drosera longifolia L.
Drosera anglica Huds.
VU
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
Drosera rotundifolia L.
Drosera rotundifolia L.
NT
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
Dryas octopetala L.
Dryas octopetala L.
LC
LC
Drymocallis rupestris (L.) Soják
Drymocallis rupestris (L.) Soják
NT
VU
Drymochloa drymeja
Festuca drymeja Mert. & W. D. J. Koch.
LC
Dryopteris affinis subsp. borreri
VU
B1ab(i)
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
EN
A3cd
+
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
EN
A4abcd
+
VU
A4abcd
CR B1a; B1c(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
(Mert. & W. D. J. Koch) Holub
Dryopteris borreri (Newman)
Oberh. & Tavel
Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray
Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray
VU
Dryopteris villarii
Dryopteris villarii (Bellardi)
RE
(Bellardi) Schinz & Thell.
Echinops ritro subsp. ruthenicus
(M. Bieb.) Nyman
EN
D1
CR
C1; D1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(Newman) Fraser-Jenk
EN
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv)
RE
(Bellardi) Schinz & Thell. subsp. villarii
Echinops ritro subsp. ruthenicus
CR
B2ab(iii); C2a(i)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii); C2a(i)
(M. Bieb.) Nyman
Edraianthus serbicus Petroviт
Edraianthus serbicus (Ker.) Petroviр
EN
B1ab(ii)
Elatine alsinastrum L.
Elatine alsinastrum L.
M
VU
A4ac; B1ac(iii)
Elatine ambigua Wight
Elatine triandra Schkuhr var. pedicellata
DD
EN
VU
A4acd; B2a,c
+
CR
C2a(i)
CR
C2a(i)
B1
Rouy & Fouc.
Elatine hexandra (Lapierre) DC.
Elatine hexandra (Lapierre) DC.
CR
C2a(i)
Elatine hydropiper L.
Elatine hydropiper L.
EN
B1ab(i)c(iii,iv)
+
Elatine triandra Schkuhr
Elatine triandra Schkuhr
EN
B1ab(i)c(iii,iv)
+
Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch
Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch
B, H
NT
VU
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iii,iv)
VU
B2a(i)b(iii,v)c(iv)
VU
C2b
EN
+
B2a;
CR
C2a(i)
CR
C2a(i)
+
+
C2a(i)
Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. & Schult. Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. & Schult.
VU
Empetrum nigrum L. subsp. nigrum
Empetrum nigrum L. subsp. nigrum
NT
VU
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(i,iv); D2(i)
Epilobium nutans F. W. Schmidt
Epilobium nutans F. W. Schmidt
NT
Epilobium palustre L.
Epilobium palustre L.
LC
Epipactis albensis Nováková & Rydlo
Epipactis albensis Nováková & Rydlo
VU
B2ab(iii,v)c(iv)
+
B2ac(iii,iv)
Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser
Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser
LC
Epipactis exilis P. Delforge
CR
B2ab(iii,iv); C2b
Epipactis greuteri
Epipactis greuteri H. Baumann & Künkele
EN
D
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz
LC
Epipactis voethii Robatsch
NT
Epipactis leutei Robatsch
EN
Epipactis futakii Mereѓa & PotҦтek
EN
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN C2a(i)
+
Epipactis exilis P. Delforge
+
+
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
+
EN
B2c(iii, iv); C2b
+
+
+
+
+
EN
A2abcd
+
VU
A3abcd
+
CR B2a, B2b(iii, iv), C2b
EN
D
+
H. Baumann & Künkele
Epipactis helleborine (L.)
+
+
+
+
+
LC
Crantz subsp. helleborine
Epipactis helleborine (L.)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
B2ab(iii)c(iv)
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
B1ab(iv)
EN
D
Crantz subsp. helleborine
Epipactis helleborine subsp. leutei
(Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis leptochila subsp. futakii
EN
C2a(i)
(Mereѓa & Potucek) Kreutz
68
69
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Epipactis leptochila (Godfery) Godfery
Carpathians
category
Carpathians
criteria
SK
cat
SK
crit
VU
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
SK
pres
HU
cat
HU
crit
VU
C2b
HU PL
pres cat
PL PL
crit pres
UA
cat
UA
crit
UA RO
pres cat
RO
crit
RO
pres
RS
cat
RS
crit
EN
B1
RS
pres
CZ
cat
CZ
crit
NT
Epipactis leptochila (Godfery) Godfery
+
Epipactis leptochila (Godfery)
Godfery subsp. leptochilla
Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta
Epipactis neglecta (Kümpel) Kümpel
NT
VU
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
+
Kümpel
Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw.
Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw.
NT
Epipactis nordeniorum Robatsch
Epipcatis nordeniorum Robatsch
VU
Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz
Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz
LC
Epipactis placentina
Epipactis placentina Bongiorni & Grünager
EN
LC
+
C2a(i)+2b
NT
B1ab(iii)c(iv)
EN
+
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
+
VU
C2a(i), C2b
VU
A1; B2b(ii, iii, iv)
CR
B2a, C2a(ii)
EN
B2a
DD
+
+
VU
A2abc
+
+
+
VU
A1abc
+
+
+
CR
A2abc
Bongiorni & P. Grünanger
Epipactis purpurata Sm.
Epipactis purpurata Sm.
NT
NT
Epipactis purpurata Sm.
Epipactis pseudopurpurata Mereѓa
NT
VU
Epipactis tallosii
Epipactis tallosii A. Molnár & Robatsch
NT
+
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
+
VU
B2a; B2b(iv)
A. Molnár & Robatsch
Epipogium aphyllum Sw.
Epipogium aphyllum Sw.
NT
+
CR
B2a, B2c(iv)
Equisetum hyemale L.
Equisetum hyemale L.
NT
NT
+
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
VU
B2a
Equisetum sylvaticum L.
Equisetum sylvaticum L.
LC
+
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
Equisetum variegatum
Equisetum variegatum Schleich.
NT
+
EN
D1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F. Weber & D. Mohr
Erigeron alpinus L.
NT
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
Erigeron alpinus L.
Erigeron alpinus L. subsp. intermedius
+
CR
(Schleich.) PawХ.
+
B2a;
C2a(i)
Erigeron atticus Vill.
Erigeron atticus Vill.
NT
Eriophorum angustifolium Honck.
Eriophorum angustifolium Honck.
LC
Eriophorum gracile Roth
DD
+
+
CR
VU
B2a, B2c(iv)
D
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
NT
Eriophorum gracile W. D. J. Koch
RE
Eriophorum gracile W. D. J. Koch ex Roth
CR
Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe
Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe
Eriophorum vaginatum L.
Eriophorum vaginatum L.
Erodium ciconium (L.) L’Hér.
Erodium ciconium (L.) L’Hér.
M
EN
M
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
LC
LC
B1ab(i)c(iii,iv)
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
Eryngium planum L.
Eryngium planum L.
NT
VU
B2b(i,iii,iv)
Erysimum crepidifolium Rchb.
Erysimum crepidifolium Rchb.
NT
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
Erysimum marschallianum M. Bieb.
Erysimum marschallianum Andr. ex Bieb.
NT
Erysimum pallidiflorum Jáv.
E
VU
+
+
VU
B2a, B2c(iv)
+
EN
B2a; C2a(ii)
+
+
VU
B2ab(iii)
+
+
RE?
RE?
A2ac; B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)
Erysimum pallidiflorum Szépl. ex Jáv.
VU
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v);
C2a(i)
Erysimum wittmannii Zaw.
EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii)
+
subsp. pallidiflorum (Jáv.) Jáv.
Erysimum pieninicum (ZapaХ.) PawХ.
Erysimum pieninicum (ZapaХ.) PawХ.
B, E, H*
VU
B2ab(ii); C2a(i)
VU
B2a;
C2a(i)
Erythronium dens-canis L.
Erythronium dens-canis L.
LC
VU
D2(i,ii)
Euphorbia angulata Jacq.
Euphorbia angulata Jacq.
NT
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(iii)
Euphorbia carpatica Wol.
Euphorbia carpatica Wol.
E
M
VU
+
+
A1abcd
+
+
Euphorbia lucida Waldst. & Kit.
Euphorbia lucida Waldst. & Kit.
Euphorbia myrsinites L. subsp. myrsinites
VU
B1ab(i)
Euphorbia nicaeensis All.
Euphorbia glareosa subsp. pannonica
EN
B1ab(i)
CR
B1a(ii)b(iii)
CR
B1ab(iii)
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)
EN
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v);
subsp. nicaeensis
B2a; B2b(iii)
NT
Euphorbia myrsinites L.
Euphorbia seguieriana Neck.
EN
NT
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
CR B1a; B1c(iii)
+
+
EN B2a; B2c(ii)
+
+
(Host.) Kuzmanov
Euphorbia sequieriana subsp. minor
(Sadler) Domin
Euphorbia sojakii (Chrtek & KҔísa)
Dubovik
Euphorbia austriaca subsp. sojakii
E
NT
Chrtek & KҔísa
Euphorbia verrucosa L.
Euphorbia verrucosa L.
Euphrasia exaristata Smejkal
Euphrasia exaristata Smejkal
Euphrasia micrantha Rchb.
Euphrasia pectinata Ten.
+
C2a(i)
RE
E
RE
VU
B1ab(iii,v)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,v)
Euphrasia micrantha Rchb.
EN
B2ab(iii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
Euphrasia stricta subsp. pectinata
CR
B2ab(iii)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii)
EN
A2ac; B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)
EN
CR
B2a
(Ten.) P. Fourn.
Euphrasia slovaca subsp. pseudomontana
(Klášt.) Dostál
Euphrasia stipitata Smejkal
70
Euphrasia slovaca subsp. pseudomontana
(Klášt.) Dostál
Euphrasia stipitata Smejkal
A2ac;
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
E
EN
B2ab(iii,v)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,v)
71
EuroMed name
Ferula heuffelii Heuff.
National name
Character
Ferula heuffelii Griseb. ex Heuffel
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
VU
B1ab(i)
VU
B1
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
EN B2a; B2c(iii);
D
Ferula sadleriana Ledeb.
Ferula sadleriana Ledeb.
Festuca alpina Suter subsp. alpina
Festuca alpina Suter subsp. alpina
B, H*
VU
B1ab(iii)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii); C2a(i); D
EN
B2ab(iii,v); C2a(i)
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,v); C2a(i)
Festuca amethystina L.
Festuca amethystina L.
NT
Festuca filiformis Pourr.
Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.
VU
+
EN
B2ab(ii,iii)
EN
B2a; B2b(iii); D1
+
B1ab(i)
Festuca heterophylla Lam.
Festuca heterophylla Lam.
Festuca porcii Hack.
Festuca porcii Hack.
E
NT
LC
+
Festuca stricta subsp. saxatilis (Schur)
Festuca saxatilis Schur
E
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)
B2ab(ii)
CR
B2a(ii)b(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(ii); D
CR
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
C2a(i)
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
EN
+
A2abcd
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
+
Foggi & Signorini
Festuca vojtkoi Penkzsa
Festuca vojtkoi Penksza
VU
Filago germanica (L.) Huds.
Filago vulgaris Lam.
NT
Fraxinus ornus L.
Fraxinus ornus L.
Fritillaria meleagris L.
Fritillaria meleagris L.
NT
EN
A2ac
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
Gagea bohemica (Zauschn.)
Gagea bohemica (Zauschn.)
NT
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
VU
B2a(i)b(iv,v)
Schult. & Schult. f.
N
VU
LC
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
+
VU
+
A2abcd
+
Schult. & Schult. f. subsp. bohemica
Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl.
LC
Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl.
+
Ornithogalum pannonicum Chaix
Gagea pusilla (F. W. Schmidt) Sweet
B2a; D2
+
+
NT
RE
Gagea pusilla (F. W. Schmidt)
LC
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
+
+
Schult. & Schult. f.
Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb.
Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb.
NT
Galatella cana (Waldst. & Kit.) Nees
Aster sedifolius L. subsp. canus
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
Galatella villosa (L.) Rchb. f.
Aster oleifolius (Lam.) Wagenitz
EN
B2ab(iii)
Galium abaujense Borbás
Galium abaujense Borbás
E
NT
Galium baillonii D. Brândzǎ
Galium bailloni Brandza
E
EN
Galium boreale subsp. exoletum
Galium boreale subsp. exoletum
EN
B2ab(iii)
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
VU
B2b(i,ii,iii,iv)
EN
B2ab(iii)
+
+
(Waldst. & Kit.) Merxm.
(Klokov) Soják
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
+
C2a(i)
+
EN
C2a(i)
(Klokov) Soják
Galium divaricatum Lam.
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
Galium divaricatum Lam.
Galium divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam.
RE
M
RE
Galium lucidum All.
Galium lucidum All.
VU
Galium pumilum Murray
Galium pumilum Murray
NT
Galium tenuissimum M. Bieb.
Galium tenuissimum M. Bieb.
Galium tricornutum Dandy
Galium tricornutum Dandy
Galium valdepilosum Heinr. Braun
Galium valdepilosum Heinr. Braun
A
+
B1ac(i)
VU
CR
NT
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)c(iv)
NT
CR
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iii,iv)
EN
B2a
+
B1a; B1c(i)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
B2ab(iii)
subsp. valdepilosum
Genista tinctoria L.
Genista oligosperma (Andrae) Simonk.
Genista tinctoria L.
Genista ovata subsp. mayeri (Janka) Nyman
Genista sagittalis L.
Genistella sagittalis (L.) Gams
Genista subcapitata Panтiр
Genista subcapitata Panтiр
Gentiana acaulis L.
Gentiana acaulis L.
E
NT
RE
NT
M
VU
+
Gentiana lutea L.
NT
NT
NT
Gentiana pneumonanthe L.
Gentiana pneumonanthe L.
NT
VU
Gentiana punctata L.
Gentiana punctata L.
LC
NT
Gentiana pyrenaica L.
Gentiana laciniata Kit. ex Kanitz
VU
Gentianella amarella subsp. lingulata
Gentianella amarella subsp. lingulata
NT
Gentianella austriaca
(A. Kern. & Jos. Kern.) Holub
VU
B2b(iii)
+
CR
A2abcd
+
VU
A2abcd
+
EN
A2abcd
+
CR
C1
VU
Gentiana nivalis L.
(C. Agardh) Holub
+
NT
Gentiana lutea L.
Gentianella amarella subsp. lingulata
CR B2ab(ii,iii)
B1ab(ii); D2
Gentiana nivalis L.
(C. Agardh) Holub
+
RE
+
+
B2a(i)b(i,iii,iv,v)
+
+
+
+
A2abcd
EN
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
+
+
VU
A4abcd
VU
A2abcd
B1;D2
NT
+
+
+
+
(C. Agardh) Holub
Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner
EN
B2b(iii)c(ii,iii,iv)
EN
B2b(iii)+c(ii,iii,iv)
VU
B2b(iii)c(ii,iii,iv)
VU
B2b(iii)+c(ii,iii,iv)
subsp. livonica (Ledeb.) Dostál
Gentianella austriaca
+
+
(A. Kern. & J. Kern.) Holub
Gentianella tenella (Rottb.) Börner
Gentianella tenella (Rottb.) Börner
NT
Geranium bohemicum L.
Geranium bohemicum L.
VU
Geranium rotundifolium L.
Geranium rotundifolium L.
Geranium subcaulescens DC.
Geranium cinereum Cav. subsp. subcaulescens
Geranium sylvaticum L.
Geranium sylvaticum L.
N
+
B1ab(iii)
NT
CR
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)c(ii,iii,iv)
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
VU
B2a
+
+
+
B2ab(iv); D
+
CR B2a; B2b(iv);
(L ‚Her. ex DC.) Hayek
D
LC
+
CR
B2ab(i,ii,v);
+
+
+
C1a(i,ii); D
72
73
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
Geum aleppicum Jacq.
Geum aleppicum Jacq.
NT
+
EN
B2b(iii)
Geum rivale L.
Geum rivale L.
LC
+
CR
B2ab(iii); C2a(ii)
+
Gladiolus imbricatus L.
Gladiolus imbricatus L.
LC
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
Gladiolus palustris Gaudin
Gladiolus palustris Gaudin
CR
A4; D1
Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph
Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph
H
EN
A, M
NT
B1ab(iii)
CR
A4ac;
+
+
VU
+
A1abcd
+
+
DD
+
+
+
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv)c(iii,iv)
Glaux maritima L.
Glaux maritima L.
EN
Globularia bisnagarica L.
Globularia bisnagarica L.
LC
Glyceria declinata Bréb.
Glyceria declinata Bréb.
VU
Glyceria nemoralis
Glyceria nemoralis
NT
(R. Uechtr.) R. Uechtr. & Körn.
Gnaphalium hoppeanum W. D. J. Koch
Gnaphalium hoppeanum W. D. J. Koch
NT
Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br.
LC
Gratiola officinalis L.
Gratiola officinalis L.
M
NT
Gymnadenia carpatica (Zapal.)
Nigritella carpatica (ZapaХ.)
E
CR
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
B2ab(iii)
CR B2a; B2c(vi)
+
VU
B2a; B2bb(iii)
+
+
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
+
+
+
+
+
EN
B2a(ii)b(ii,iv,v)
VU
Ca(i)
+
VU
+
B1a(i)b(iii)
VU
A2abc
+
+
+
C2b
CR
C2b
VU
A3bcd
+
Teppner, Klein & Zagulski
Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br.
Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br.
LC
Gymnadenia frivaldii Hampe ex Griseb.
Pseudchorchis frivaldii (Hampe ex Griseb.)
CR
Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) Rich.
Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) R ch.
LC
Gypsophila fastigiata subsp. arenaria
Gypsophila fastigiata subsp. arenaria
EN
(Waldst. & Kit.) Domin
EN
(Uechtr.) Uechtr. & Koern.
Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br.
Teppner & E. Klein
B2ab(iii,iv,v)
+
+
+
+
C2a(i)
CR
+
B2ab(iii)
EN
EN
B2b(iv); C2a(i)
+
LC
C2a(i)
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
B2a(ii)b(iii)
(Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Domin
Gypsophila paniculata L.
Gypsophila paniculata L.
Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz
Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz
M
VU
LC
B2ab(iii,iv,v)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
VU
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
Hammarbia paludosa (L.) Kuntze
Hammarbia paludosa (L.) Kuntze
EN
C2a(i)
Hedysarum hedysaroides (L.)
Hedysarum hedysaroides (L.) Schinz & Thell.
LC
+
Helianthemum alpestre (Jacq.) Dunal subsp.
LC
+
+
EN B2ab(i,iii,iv)
+
CR
CR
C2a(i)
A4abcd
+
Schinz & Thell.
Helianthemum alpestre subsp. rupifragum
(A. Kern.) Jáv.
Helictochloa compressa (Heuff.)
VU
B2a
+
rupifragum (A. Kern.) Jáv.
Helictotrichon compressum (Heuff.) Henrard
VU
Avenula planiculmis (Schrad.)
NT
B2ab(iii)
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
Romero Zarco
Helictochloa planiculmis (Schrad.)
Romero Zarco
Helictochloa pratensis subsp. hirtifolia
(Podp.) Romero Zarco
Helictotrichon desertorum subsp.
basalticum (Podp.) Holub
+
VU D2; C
+
+
W. Sauer & Chmelitschek var. planiculmis
Avenula pratensis subsp. hirtifolia
VU
D1+2
EN
B2ab(iii)
VU
D1+D2(i,ii)
(Podp.) Holub
Helictotrichon desertorum subsp. basalticum
(Podp.) Holub
Heliotropium europaeum L.
Heliotropium europaeum L.
Helleborus purpurascens Waldst. & Kit.
Helleborus purpurascens Waldst. & Kit.
A
LC
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub
Helosciadium nodiflorum (L.)
Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag.
RE
RE
Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag.
RE?
RE?
Hepatica nobilis Schreb.
LC
LC
N
VU
+
+
B1ab(v)c(iv)
CR
+
+
VU A1a; B2a
+
+
+
B2a(ii)c(iv)
+
W. D. J. Koch
Helosciadium repens (Jacq.)
W. D. J. Koch
Hepatica nobilis Schreb.
+
EN
A4c; B2ab (iii,iv);
+
+
+
+
C2a(ii)
Heracleum carpaticum Porcius
Heracleum carpaticum Porcius
Herminium monorchis (L.) R. Br
Herminium monorchis (L.) R. Br.
E
CR
B1ac(iii)
NT
+
CR
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv);
EN B2ab(iii,iv,v)
CR B1a; B1c(iii)
+
C2a(i)+C2b
Herniaria hirsuta L.
Herniaria hirsuta L.
Herniaria incana Lam.
Herniaria incana Lam.
Hesperis matronalis subsp. candida
Hesperis matronalis L. subsp. vrabelyiana
(Schulzer, Kanitz & Knapp) Thell.
A
VU
B1ab(i)
NT
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
RE
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
EN
B2ab(i, ii, v)
E
EN
B2ab(i,ii,v)
E
VU
B2ab(iii,iv,v)
VU
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
VU
D2
VU
D2(i,ii)
+
+
+
+
(Schur) Soó
Hesperis slovaca (F. DvoҔák) F. DvoҔák
Hesperis slovaca (F. DvoҔák) F. DvoҔák
Hieracium austrotatricum Szelэg
Hieracium austrotatricum Szelэg
Hieracium bifidum Hornem.
Hieracium bifidum Hornem.
M
RE?
M
RE?
RE?
subsp. stolanum Zahn
Hieracium bupleuroides C. C. Gmel.
Hieracium bupleuroides C. C. Gmel.
Hieracium jurassicum Griseb.
Hieracium jurassicum Griseb.
LC
+
EN
C2a(i, ii)
+
+
RE?
subsp. papyraceum (Zahn) NN
Hieracium krizsnae Lengyel & Zahn
74
Hieracium krizsnae Lengyel & Zahn
EX?
EX?
75
EuroMed name
Hieracium mlinicae (Hruby & Zahn)
Chrtek f. & Mráz
National name
Character
Hieracium mlinicae (Hruby & Zahn)
E
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
VU
D2
VU
D2(i,ii)
D1+2
VU
D1+D2(i,ii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
Chrtek f. & Mráz
Hieracium piliferum Hoppe
Hieracium piliferum Hoppe
VU
Hieracium piliferum subsp. glanduliferum
Hieracium glanduliferum Hoppe
RE?
Hieracium barbatum Tausch
EN
CR
D
RE?
(Hoppe) Zahn
Hieracium racemosum subsp. barbatum
B2ab(ii); C2a(i)
EN
(Froel.) Zahn
B2a;
C2a(i)
Hieracium slovacum Chrtek f.
Hieracium slovacum Chrtek jun.
VU
D2
VU
D2(i,ii)
Hieracium sparsum subsp. silesiacum
Hieracium silesiacum E. Krause
E
VU
D2
VU
D2(i)
Hieracium vierhapperi (Zahn) Szelэg
VU
D2
VU
D2(i,ii)
Hierochloë australis (Schrad.)
EN
B2ab(iii)
H
EN
B2ab(iii)c(iii,iv)
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iii,iv)
RE
B, H
VU
B1ab(iii)c(iii,iv)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iii,iv)
EN
CR B2a; D
(E. Krause) Zahn
Hieracium sparsum subsp.
+
vierhapperi Zahn
Hierochloë australis (Schrad.)
Roem. & Schult.
Roem. & Schult.
Himantoglossum adriaticum H. Baumann Himantoglossum adriaticum H. Baumann
Himantoglossum caprinum
Himantoglossum caprinum
(M. Bieb.) Spreng.
(M. Bieb.) Spreng.
Hippocrepis comosa L.
Hippocrepis comosa L.
LC
Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emeroides
Coronilla emerus L. subsp. emeroides
VU
B2ac(iii)
VU
B1ab(iii)
EN
CR
B1ab(i,iii)
RE
(Boiss. & Spruner) Lassen
Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen
B2b(iii); C2a(i)
+
+
+
VU
D1
VU B2a; B2c(iii)
(Boiss. Spruner) Hayek
Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen subsp. emerus
D
+
subsp. emerus
Hippuris vulgaris L.
Hippuris vulgaris L.
Hornungia petraea (L.) Rchb.
Hornungia petraea (L.) Rchb.
M
NT
Hottonia palustris L.
Hottonia palustris L.
NT
Huperzia selago (L.) Schrank & Mart.
Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh.
LC
EN
RE
+
+
RE
VU
A4ac
+
+
EN
C1; C2b
+
EN
B2ab(i, ii, v)
B2a(i,ii)b(iv)c(ii,iii,iv)
EN B1a; B1c(iii)
+
VU
+
A4abcd
+
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.
EN
B2ab(iii)
EN
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L.
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L.
VU
B1ab(i)
CR(PE)
Hypericum elegans Willd.
Hypericum elegans Stephan ex Willd.
VU
B1ab(i,ii,v)
Hypericum rochelii Griseb. & Schenk
Hypericum rochelii Griseb. & Schenk
EN
B2ac(iii)
EN B2a; B2c(iii)
Hypericum umbellatum A. Kern.
Hypericum umbellatum A. Kern.
CR
B2ac(iii)
CR B2a; B2c(iii)
Hypochaeris glabra L.
Hypochaeris glabra L.
Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica
Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica
(Waldst. & Kit.) Hegi
(Waldst. & Kit.) Hegi
Iris graminea L.
Iris graminea L.
Iris graminea L.
Iris pseudocyperus Schur
Iris humilis Georgi
NT
RE
H
NT
VU
M
NT
H
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
B2a(i)b(ii,iii)c(iv)
NT
VU
B1; C1
+
+
RE
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
D
Iris humilis Georgi
EN
Iris arenaria W. & K.
CR
Iris pumila L.
Iris pumila L. subsp. pumila
LC
Iris reichenbachii Heuff.
Iris reichenbachii Heuff.
VU
Iris sibirica L.
Iris sibirica L.
NT
M
VU
DD
+
+
+
B1ab(i)
B1ab(iii)
CR B2a; B2c(ii)
VU
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
Iris spuria L. subsp. spuria
Iris spuria L. subsp. spuria
CR
B1a(ii)b(iii)
Iris variegata L.
Iris variegata L.
LC
VU
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
Isatis praecox Tratt.
Isatis praecox Kit. ex Tratt.
NT
VU
B1a(i)b(iii); C2a(i); D2(i)
+
Isatis tinctoria L.
Isatis tinctoria L.
NT
Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br.
Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br.
VU
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
EN
Jacobaea abrotanifolia subsp. carpathica
Senecio carpathicus Herbich
LC
+
A2ac; B2ab(iii,iv,v)
D
D1
VU
+
VU
A3abcd
EN
B2c; E
+
+
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
A3c
+
+
+
+
+
EN B2ab(ii,iii)
+
(Herbich) B. Nord. & Greuter
Jacobaea aquatica (Hill) G. Gaertn. & al. Senecio aquaticus Hill
EN
Jacobaea erucifolia subsp. tenuifolia
NT
B1ac(iv)
EN
B1ac(iv)
EN B2a; B2c(iv);
D
Jacobaea erucifolia subsp. tenuifolia
(J. Presl & K. Presl)
(J. Presl & K. Presl)
B. Nord. & Greuter
B. Nord. & Greuter
Jacobaea paludosa (L.)
G. Gaertn. & al. subsp. paludosa
Jasione montana L.
Jacobaea paludosa (L.) P. Gaertn.,
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(i,ii); D
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
+
+
B. Mey. & Scherb. subsp. paludosa
Jasione montana L.
NT
Jovibarba globifera subsp. hirta (L.) J. Parn. Jovibarba hirta (L.) Opiz
76
B2ab(i,ii)
EN
LC
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
A4abcd
+
+
Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh. ex Hoffm.
Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh. ex Hoffm.
VU
B1ab(iii)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii)
+
Juncus castaneus Sm.
Juncus castaneus Sm.
EN
A2ac; B1ab(iii,iv,v)
CR
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
+
Juncus gerardii Loisel. subsp. gerardii
Juncus gerardii Loisel. subsp. gerardii
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
+
M
NT
+
+
77
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
Juncus jacquinii L.
Juncus atratus Krock.
NT
Juncus minutulus (Albert & Jahand.)
Juncus minutulus Krecz. & Gontsch.
DD
Juncus sphaerocarpus Nees
Juncus sphaerocarpus Nees
NT
Juncus squarrosus L.
Juncus squarrosus L.
VU
A2ac; B2ab(iii,iv)
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv)
Juncus subnodulosus Schrank
Juncus subnodulosus Schrank
EN
B1ab(i)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
Juncus thomasii Ten.
Juncus thomasii Ten.
NT
+
+
+
CR B1a; B1c(ii);
Prain
C2a(i)
CR
A2ac;
EN
B2a; B2c(iv)
+
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v)v(iv)
+
RE
+
+
+
+
Juncus triglumis L.
Juncus triglumis L.
NT
VU
D2(i)
CR
B2a
+
+
Juniperus sabina L.
Juniperus sabina L.
NT
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,v)
EN
B2a
+
+
Klasea lycopifolia (Vill.)
Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) A. Kern.
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii)c(iv);
+
+
H*
EN
A2ac; B2ab(iii)c(iv)
Serratula radiata (Waldst. & Kit.) M. Bieb.
EN
B2ab(ii,iii)
Knautia dipsacifolia Kreutzer
NT
Á. Löve & D. Löve
Klasea radiata (Waldst. & Kit.)
CR
A2ac; C2a(ii)
EN
B2ab(ii,iii)
CR
A2ac; B2ab (v);
EN
B2b,c,d; E
EN
A1c; B1;B2c;
C2a(i); D
Á. Löve & D. Löve
Knautia dipsacifolia Kreutzer
+
+
C2a(i); D
Kobresia myosuroides (Vill.) Fiori
Elyna myosuroides (Vill.) Fritsch
NT
Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack. Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack.
VU
Laburnum alpinum (Mill.)
RE?
Bercht. & J. Presl
Laburnum alpinum (Mill.)
B1ac(i)
VU
D2(i,ii)
VU
D2(i)
+
CR B2a; B2c(ii)
RE?
Berchtold & J. Presl
Laburnum anagyroides Medik.
Laburnum anagyroides Medik.
Lactuca saligna L.
Lactuca saligna L.
Laphangium luteoalbum (L.) Tzvelev
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.)
Lappula heteracantha subsp. heterocarpa
Lappula heteracantha subsp. heterocarpa
M, N
NT
A
LC
+
+
C2a
VU
B1ab(i,iii)
VU
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(i,iii,iv)
+
CR
B2a(ii)b(i,ii,iii)
+
A2ac;
+
+
+
+
Hilliard & B. L. Burtt
(Klokov & Artemczuk) Holub
Larix decidua var. polonica (Wóycicki)
M
NT
EN
(Klokov & Artemczuk) Holub
+
B2a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
Larix polonica Racib.
NT
+
CR B1ac(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
Ostenf. & Syrach
Laserpitium archangelica Wulfen
Laserpitium archangelica Wulfen
NT
+
Laserpitium prutenicum L.
Laserpitium pruthenicum L.
NT
+
Lathyrus aphaca L.
Lathyrus aphaca L.
M, N
Lathyrus laevigatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Gren.
NT
EN B2a; D
VU
B2b(i,iii,iv)
CR(PE)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
NT
Lathyrus laevigatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Fritsch
+
Lathyrus laevigatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Gren.
VU
B2a(i)b(iii)
Lathyrus pallescens (M. Bieb.) K. Koch
Lathyrus pallescens (M. Bieb.) K. Koch
EN
Lathyrus palustris L.
Lathyrus palustris L.
NT
B1ab(i)
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
CR
+
Lathyrus pannonicus subsp. collinus
Lathyrus lacteus (M. Bieb.) Wissjul.
NT
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
EN
A4bc
+
A3c; C2a(ii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
(J. Ortmann) Soó
Lathyrus pannonicus (Jacq.) Garcke
Lathyrus pannonicus (Jacq.) Garcke
Lathyrus pisiformis L.
Lathyrus pisiformis L.
Lathyrus sphaericus Retz.
Lathyrus sphaericus Retz.
Lathyrus transsilvanicus (Spreng.) Fritsch
M
EN
B1ab(i)
CR
B2a(i)b(iii,iv)
EN
B1ab(i,iii)
CR
B2a(i)c(iv); C2a(i); D
M
VU
B2ab(i,iii,iv)
RE
E
NT
Lathyrus transsilvanicus (Spreng.) Fritsch
VU
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(i,ii,iii,iv,v);
EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii)
VU
B2b(i,iii,iv)
EN
A2ac; B2ab (iii,v);
C2a(i)
+
C2a(ii)
Lathyrus transsilvanicus (Spreng.) Rchb.
Lathyrus venetus (Mill.) Wohlf.
Lathyrus venetus (Mill.) Wohlf.
Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix
Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix
CR
LC
A, N
CR
VU
B1ab(i)
+
Leontopodium alpinum Cass.
Leontopodium alpinum Cass.
Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvelev
M
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
Leucojum aestivum L.
Leucojum aestivum L.
M
VU
B1ab(iv)
Leucojum vernum L.
Leucojum vernum L.
NT
Ligularia carpathica (Schott) Pojark.
Ligularia carpathica (Schott) Pojark.
NT
EN
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii)c(iv)
NT
VU
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v)
Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.
Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.
Lilium bulbiferum L.
NT
B, H
+
RE
Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvelev
Lilium bulbiferum L.
+
CR
B2a(iv)b(ii)
+
VU
B2ab(i, ii, iii, iv)
VU
B2a; B2b(iv)
+
NT
A2abc
D1+D2(i,ii)
+
CR
A4abcd
EN
A1abcd
+
VU
A4abcd
+
+
CR B2a; D
+
CR
B2a; B2b(iii)
CR
B2a;
+
+
EN
B1 ab; B2ab
+
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
+
+
C2a(i)
Lilium jankae A. Kern.
B
Lilium carniolicum Bernh. subsp. jankae
VU
C2a(i)
VU
C2a(i)
(A. Kerner) Ascherson & Graebner
Lilium jankae A. Kern.
78
DD
79
EuroMed name
National name
Lilium martagon L.
Lilium martagon L.
LC
Linaria alpina (L.) Mill.
Linaria alpina (L.) Mill.
VU
Linaria angustissima (Loisel.) Borbás
Character
M
Carpathians
category
Carpathians
criteria
SK
cat
SK
crit
C2a(i)
CR
D
VU
B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
SK
pres
HU
cat
HU
crit
+
HU PL
pres cat
PL PL
crit pres
+
+
UA
cat
UA
crit
VU
Aabcd
UA RO
pres cat
VU
RO
crit
RO
pres
RS
cat
+
LC
RS
crit
RS
pres
CZ
cat
CZ
crit
C2a(i)
NT
Linaria pallidiflora (Lam.) Valdés
+
+
+
Linaria angustissima (Loisel.) Borbás
DD
subsp. strictissima
Linaria arvensis (L.) Desf.
Linaria arvensis (L.) Desf.
Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox
Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox
A
RE
RE
B, M, N
NT
VU
D2(i,ii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(i,ii,iv)
Linnaea borealis L.
EN
VU
C2a(ii); C2b
+
Linnaea borealis L.
CR B2ab(iii,iv)
Linnaea borealis L. subsp. borealis
Linum hirsutum subsp. glabrescens
CR
Linum hirsutum subsp. glabrescens
(Rochel) Soó
(Rochel) Soó
Linum trigynum L.
Linum trigynum L.
A
+
B1ab(iv); C2a(i)
EN
B2ab(ii,iii,iv)c(ii,iii)
EN
VU
B1ab(i)
CR
+
C2a(i)
B2a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,iv)c(ii,iii)
A2ac;
RE
+
+
B1a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)c(iv)
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.
Lloydia serotina (L.) Rchb
Lloydia serotina (L.) Rchb
Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv.
Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv.
Lolium remotum Schrank
Lolium remotum Schrank
Lolium temulentum L.
Lolium temulentum L. subsp. temulentum
B, H
VU
B1ab(iii)c(iv)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)c(iv); C2a(ii)
LC
+
NT
A
CR
A, M
NT
EN
B1ab(i,iii)
+
DD
+
+
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
VU
A2abcd
+
RE
CR
+
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv);
RE
+
+
+
C2a(ii)
Lonicera alpigena L.
Lonicera alpigena L.
VU
B1ab(i)
Lonicera caerulea L.
Lonicera caerulea L.
VU
B1ab(iv)
Lonicera nigra L.
Lonicera nigra L.
LC
Lotus borbasii Ujhelyi
Lotus borbasii Ujhelyi
NT
Lotus maritimus L.
Tetragonolobus maritimus (L.) Roth
NT
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
+
Lotus pedunculatus Cav.
Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr
NT
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
+
CR
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
CR B2ab(ii,iii)
+
+
VU
A4abcd
+
VU
A1abcd
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott
DD
Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub
Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub
EN
Lycopodium alpinum L.
Diphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub
NT
Lycopodium annotinum L.
Lycopodium annotinum L.
LC
Lycopodium clavatum L.
Lycopodium clavatum L.
LC
Lycopodium complanatum L.
VU
D2(i,ii)
+
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
+
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
CR
B2a; D1
VU
B2b(i,ii)
+
+
VU
C1b
+
+
DD
A2ac; B1ab(iii,iv,v)
+
LC
+
EN
C2a(i)
+
+
VU
B2a; B2c(iv)
+
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
+
+
+
+
+
EN
B2b,c,d,e
VU
B1
NT
Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub
VU
B2a(i)b(iii)
+
Diphasium complanatum (L.) Rothm.
Lycopodium issleri (Rouy) Domin
Diphasiastrum issleri (Rouy) Holub
CR
C2a(i)
Lycopodium zeilleri (Rouy)
Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub
VU
B2ab(ii)
RE
RE
CR
C2a(i)
VU
B2a
DD
+
CR B2ab(ii,iii,iv)
Greuter & Burdet
Lysimachia nemorum L.
Lysimachia nemorum L.
LC
Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.
Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.
NT
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.
Malcolmia orsiniana (Ten.) Ten.
Malcolmia orsiniana (Ten.) Ten. subsp.
+
EN
LC
M
VU
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v)
+
RE
+
+
NT
EN C2a(i); D
CR
C2b
VU B2a; B2c(ii)
EN
C2a(i)
+
B2ab(ii)
serbica (Panтiр) Greuter & Burdet
Marrubium vulgare L.
Marrubium vulgare L.
A
NT
Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv.
Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv.
M
VU
Medicago prostrata Jacq.
Medicago prostrata Jacq.
Medicago rigidula (L.) All.
Medicago rigidula (L.) All.
Melampyrum barbatum Waldst. & Kit.
Melampyrum barbatum Waldst. & Kit.
ex Willd. subsp. barbatum
80
B1a(i)b(iii)
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)
N
NT
VU
A2ac;
ex Willd. subsp. barbatum
EN
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
B2ab(i, ii, iv)
+
+
+
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v)c(iv)
E
NT
E
NT
Melica altissima L.
Melica altissima L.
N
LC
Melilotus altissimus Thuill.
Melilotus altissimus Thuill.
M
VU
Menyanthes trifoliata L.
Menyanthyes trifoliata L.
LC
Minuartia glaucina DvoҔáková
Minuartia glaucina DvoҔáková
NT
Minuartia glomerata (M. Bieb.) Degen
Minuartia glomerata (M. Bieb.) Degen
VU
(Nyman) Mattf.
+
VU
Melampyrum herbichii WoХ.
Minuartia laricifolia subsp. kitaibelii
+
B1a(i)b(iii)
NT
Melampyrum saxosum Baumg.
(Kit.) Hand.-Mazz.
A2ad; B2a(ii)b(ii,iv)
NT
Melampyrum saxosum Baumg.
Minuartia hirsuta subsp. frutescens
VU
EN
M, N
Melampyrum herbichii WoХ.
subsp. pannonica Letz
B1ab(iii)
VU
A2ce; B2a(i,ii)b(iii)
+
VU
A2acd; B2ab(i,ii,iii)
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
VU
A2acd; B2a(ii)b(i,ii,iii)
+
+
B1ab(iii)
VU
B2b(i,ii)
B2a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
VU
A2ac; B2b(ii,iii)
+
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
+
VU
A2ace; B2a(i)b(iii,v);
+
+
subsp. pannonica Letz
Minuartia frutescens (Kit. ex Schult.)
NT
Tuzson ex Degen
Minuartia laricifolia (L.) Schinz & Thell.
C2a(i)
LC
+
+
CR
C1a(i)
subsp. kitaibelii (Nyman) Mattf.
81
EuroMed name
Minuartia setacea (Thuill.) Hayek
National name
Character
Minuartia setacea (Thuill.) Hayek
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
CR
A4abc
+
CR
A3bc
+
NT
+
E
NT
+
E
EN
A2ac
Minuartia viscosa (Schreb.) Schinz & Thell. M
EN
B1ab(i)
Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern subsp. verna Minuartia pauciflora (Kit. ex Kanitz)
+
CR A2a; B2a
+
+
+
DvoҔaková
Minuartia verna subsp. oxypetala
Minuartia oxypetala (WoХ.) Kulcz.
(WolХ.) G. Halliday
Minuartia viscosa (Schreb.)
RE
+
Schinz & Thell.
Moehringia muscosa L.
Moehringia muscosa L.
LC
Moenchia mantica (L.) Bartl.
Moenchia mantica (L.) Bartl. subsp. mantica M, N
LC
+
VU
A4ac; C2a(i)
RE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
subsp. mantica
Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray
Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray
Montia arvensis Wallr.
Montia arvensis Wallr.
Montia fontana L.
Montia fontana L.
LC
+
CR(PE)
VU
A2ac;
CR
B1ab(iii)c(iii,iv)
Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.
Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.
A
Myosotis discolor Pers.
VU
A4acd; C2a(i)
+
+
A2ac;
+
+
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iii,iv)
LC
+
+
EN
A1abcd
+
+
NT
Myosotis discolor Pers. subsp. discolor
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
Myosotis discolor Pers.
Myosotis laxa subsp. caespitosa
+
CR(PE)
EN B1a; B1c(iv)
Myosotis caespitosa Schultz
NT
EN
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)
Myosotis stenophylla Knaf
NT
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)c(iv);
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)
+
+
+
+
(Schultz) Nordh.
Myosotis stenophylla Knaf
C2a(i)b(iv)
Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv.
Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv.
NT
VU
A1ac; B1a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
Myriophyllum verticillatum L.
Myriophyllum verticillatum L.
NT
VU
B2a(i,ii)c(iii,iv)
Narcissus poeticus subsp. radiiflorus
Narcissus angustifolius Curtis
B
VU
CR
D1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
A4abcd
VU
A4abcd
+
+
(Salisb.) Baker
Nasturtium officinale (L.) R. Br.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
LC
Neotinea ustulata (L.) R. M. Bateman,
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)c(iii,iv)
+
+
+
+
NT
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Orchis ustulata L.
VU
B2a; B2b(iii)
CR
C2a(i)
+
Neotinea ustulata (L.) R. M. Bateman,
EN
LC
A2abcd
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase
Neotinea ustulata (L.) R. M. Bateman,
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
Pridgeon & M. W. Chase subsp. ustulata
Neottia cordata (L.) Rich
Listera cordata (L.) R. Br
NT
+
+
CR
A4abc
Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich.
Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich.
LC
+
+
+
VU
A2abcd
+
LC
Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh.
Listera ovata (L.) R. Br
LC
+
+
+
VU
A2abcd
+
LC
Nepeta rtanjensis Diklic & Milojevic
Nepeta rtanjensis Dikliр & Milojeviр
Noccaea banatica (R. Uechtr.)
Thlaspi dacicum Heuff. subsp. banaticum
F. K. Mey.
CR
E
NT
B, E, H
NT
+
B2ac(ii,iii)
CR
B2c
VU B2a; B2c(iii)
(R. Uechtr.) Jáv.
Noccaea jankae (A. Kern.) F. K. Mey.
Thlaspi jankae A. Kern.
Noccaea kovatsii (Heuff.) F. K. Mey.
Thlaspi kovatsii Heuff. subsp. schudichii
VU
B2a(i)b(iii)
Noccaea montana (L.) F. K. Mey.
Thlaspi montanum L.
EN
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.
M
NT
EN
A2acd
Nymphaea alba L.
Nymphaea alba L.
M
NT
RE
DD
CR(PE)
NT
EN
+
LC
CR
+
B2ab(i, ii, iii, v)
+
(Soó) Soó
Odontites vernus (Bellardi) Dumort.
Odontites verna (Bellardi) Dumort.
Oenanthe banatica Heuff.
Oenanthe banatica Heuff.
Oenanthe fistulosa L.
Oenanthe fistulosa L.
Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb.
Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb. subsp. silaifolia
M
B2ab(iii,iv,v)
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii); D
NT
M
NT
Omphalodes scorpioides (Haenke) Schrank Omphalodes scorpioides (Haenke) Schrank
NT
Onobrychis montana DC.
Onobrychis montana DC.
NT
Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Roth
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod.
Ononis pusilla L.
Ononis pusilla L.
B2b(i,ii)
+
VU
B2b(i,ii)
+
VU
A4acd
CR(PE)
VU
D2(i)
CR
A2ace; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
CR
B2a(i)b(ii,iii); D
VU
Onosma arenaria Waldst. & Kit.
CR
B2ab(ii,iii); D
VU
C2a(i)
VU
B1ab(i,iii); C2a(i)
CR
B2a(i)b(ii,iii)
VU
A4acd; C2a(i)
EN
B1ab(iii)
CR
B2a(i)b(ii,iii)
EN
B2ab(iii)
Onosma tornensis Jáv.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Onosma arenaria Waldst. & Kit. subsp.
tuberculata (Kit.) Rauschert
+
+
D2
Onosma arenaria Waldst. & Kit.
Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp.
+
+
VU D2; C
+
NT
+
+
+
LC
M
VU
Onosma pseudoarenaria Schur subsp.
pseudoarenaria
82
EN
VU
C2a(i)
pseudoarenaria (Schur) Jáv.
Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. tuberculata
(Kit.) Rauschert
Onosma tornensis Jáv.
B, E, H*
83
EuroMed name
Onosma visianii Clementi
National name
Character
Onosma visianii Clementi
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
VU
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
VU
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
EN
A2ac;
+
B2ab (i,ii,iii,iv)
Ophrys apifera Huds.
Ophrys apifera Huds.
NT
VU
B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
CR
B2b(v); B2c(iv);
+
C2a(i)
Ophrys apifera Huds.
EN
B1ab(iii,v)c(iv)
Ophrys holoserica (Burm. f.) Greuter
CR
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv)
Ophrys holosericea Burm. f.
CR
A2;
B2a; B2b(v)
Ophrys fuciflora (F. W. Schmidt)
Ophrys fuciflora (F. W. Schmidt) Moench
CR
A2; B2ab(v)
CR
Moench subsp. fuciflora
Ophrys holosericea subsp. holubyana
A2;
B2a; B2b(v)
Ophrys holubyana András.
VU
A2ac; B1ab(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
VU
A2ac; B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
(András.) Dostál
Ophrys insectifera L.
LC
Ophrys insectifera L.
NT
+
CR
B2a; C2a(i)
EN C2a(i)
DD
Ophrys muscifera Hudson
Ophrys scolopax subsp. cornuta (Steven)
Ophrys cornuta Steven
CR
C2a(i)
EN
B1ab(iii)c(iv)
CR
C2a(i)
CR
C2a(i)
CR
C2a(i)
E. G. Camus
Ophrys sphegodes Mill.
Ophrys aranifera Huds.
Ophrys sphegodes Mill.
Orchis mascula (L.) L. subsp. mascula
CR
Orchis mascula (L.) L.
VU
Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa
B2a(i)b(iii)c(iv); D
CR
B2a; C2a(i)
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
VU B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
LC
(Mutel) Hegi
Orchis mascula L. subsp. signifera (Vest) Soó
+
VU
B2a; B2c(iv)
+
Orchis signifera Vest
+
EN
A1abcd
Orchis militaris L.
Orchis militaris L.
LC
NT
+
CR B2a; D
VU
A2abcd
+
Orchis pallens L.
Orchis pallens L.
LC
NT
+
VU
CR
C2b
+
Orchis purpurea Huds.
Orchis purpurea Huds.
LC
NT
+
EN
CR
A3bc
+
+
+
+
A2a;
+
C2a(i)
B2a;
C2a(i)
Orchis simia Lam.
Orchis simia Lam.
VU
B1ac(i,iv)
Orchis spitzelii W. D. J. Koch
Orchis spitzelii W. D. J. Koch
EN
D
EN
RE
Oreochloa disticha (Wulfen) Link
Oreochloa disticha (Wulfen) Link
LC
Ornithogalum comosum L.
Ornithogalum comosum Torn.
EN
B1ab(i)
VU
A2ac; B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)c(iv)
Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum A. Kern.
CR
B2a; B2c(iv); D1
D
+
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum subsp.
CR
sphaerocarpum (A. Kern.) Hegi
+
CR
C2a(ii)
+
+
+
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(i,iii,iv,v);
C1+C2a(ii)
Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum A. Kern.
VU
Orobanche alba Willd.
Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd.
NT
Orobanche alsatica Kirschl.
Orobanche alsatica Kirschl.
NT
Orobanche alsatica Kirschl.
B2a; B2c(iv)
+
VU
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
VU
B1a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)
+
+
VU
D2
+
+
+
+
+
+
NT
Orobanche mayeri (Suess. & Ronniger) Bertsch
Orobanche mayeri (Suess. & Ronniger)
CR C2a(i)b;
Bertsch & F. Bertsch
Orobanche arenaria Borkh.
Phelipanche arenaria (Borkh.) Pomel
Orobanche artemisiae-campestris Gaudin
Orobanche artemisiae-campestris
D
NT
M
EN
B1ab(iii)
VU
B1ab(iii,iv,v); C2(b)
EN
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
CR
B2a(i,ii)b(iii); D
+
+
Vaucher ex Gaudin
Orobanche artemisiae-campestris Gaudin
Orobanche picridis F. W. Schultz
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
ex W. D. J. Koch
Orobanche picridis F. W. Schultz
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)
CR
B2a;
C2a(i)b
Orobanche cernua Loefl.
Orobanche cernua L. in Loefl.
Orobanche coerulescens Stephan
Orobanche coerulescens Stephan
M
Orobanche elatior Sutton (sensu orig.)
CR
D
EN
B1ab(iii,iv)
CR
CR
B2a(i)b(iii,iv)
D1
RE
+
NT
Orobanche elatior Sutton
EN
B2a;
+
C2a(i)
Orobanche elatior Sutton (sensu orig.)
84
CR
Orobanche flava F. W. Schultz
Orobanche flava Mart.
Orobanche gracilis Sm.
Orobanche gracilis Sm.
M
VU
Orobanche teucrii Holandre
Orobanche teucrii Holandre
M
DD
B2a(i,ii)b(iii); D
LC
+
+
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
VU
B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(iii); D
VU
D2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
85
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
EN
B2b,c; C1
EN
B2b,c,d
VU
B1a(ii)b(iii)
VU
B1a(ii)b(iii)
Osmunda regalis L.
Osmunda regalis L.
RE?
Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill
Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill
LC
Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC.
RE?
+
+
EN B2ab(ii,iii)
+
NT
subsp. campestris
Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. subsp. tatrae
VU
B2a
+
(Borbás)
Oxytropis campestris subsp. tatrae (Borbás)
E
VU
D2(i)
Dostál
Oxytropis carpatica R. Uechtr.
Oxytropis carpatica R. Uechtr.
Oxytropis halleri W. D. J. Koch
Oxytropis halleri Bunge
E
NT
+
VU
C2a(i)
NT
+
VU
C2a(i)
Oxytropis neglecta Ten.
Oxytropis neglecta Ten.
CR
B1ac(i)
Oxytropis pilosa (L.) DC.
Oxytropis pilosa (L.) De Cand.
VU
B1ab(iii)
Paeonia daurica Andrews
Paeonia corallina Retz.
EN
B2ab(ii,iii)
Paeonia tenuifolia L.
Paeonia tenuifolia L.
B
CR
A3cd
Papaver argemone L.
Papaver argemone L.
A
Papaver dubium subsp. confine
Papaver confine Jord.
+
+
+
CR
EN
CR
+
A3cd
NT
CR
A2ac
+
DD
VU
A2ce;
+
CR
(Jord.) Hörandl
B1a; B1c(i)
D1
+
+
+
+
B2(ii)b(i,iii,iv)c(iii)
Papaver dubium L. subsp. dubium
Papaver dubium L. subsp. dubium
A
NT
Papaver tatricum (A. Nyár.) Ehrend.
Papaver tatricum (A. Nyár.) Ehrend.
E
NT
Papaver tatricum (A. Nyár.) Ehrend.
Papaver tatricum subsp. fatraemagnae
E
EN
Parnassia palustris L.
Parnassia palustris L.
LC
Paronychia cephalotes (M. Bieb.) Besser
Paronychia cephalotes (M. Bieb.) Bess.
NT
Pastinaca hirsuta Panтiр
Pastinaca hirsuta Panтiр
M
VU
B1ab(ii,iii)
Pedicularis baumgartenii Simonk.
Pedicularis baumgartenii Simonk.
E
CR
B1ac(iii)
B1ab(iii)
B2a(i)b(i,ii,iv); D
+
VU
subsp. tatricum
+
B2a;
C2a(i)
Bernátová
B2ab(iii,iv,v)c(iii,iv);
EN
C2a(i)
Pedicularis comosa L. subsp. comosa
Pedicularis comosa L. subsp. comosa
VU
Pedicularis hacquetii Graf
Pedicularis hacquetii Graf
NT
Pedicularis kaufmannii Pinzger
Pedicularis kaufmannii Pinzger
CR
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)c(iii,iv);
C2a(i)
+
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
VU
B2ab(iii, iv)
+
+
+
+
VU
B1
CR B1a; B1c(iii)
CR
C2a(i)
NT
+
VU
B2a; C2a(i); D
CR
B2a
+
+
+
+
+
B2a;
C2a(i); D
Pedicularis oederi Vahl
Pedicularis oederi Vahl
NT
Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L.
Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L.
VU
Pedicularis sylvatica L.
LC
A2ac; B1ab(iii,iv,v)
+
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
VU
B2a(i)b(i,iii,iv)
+
CR
C1
RE
+
+
CR
C2b
CR
C2a(i); C2b
NT
EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
Pedicularis sylvatica L.
Pedicularis sylvatica L. subsp. sylvatica
Petrocallis pyrenaica (L.) R. Br.
Petrocallis pyrenaica (L.) W. T. Aiton
VU
Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link
Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link
NT
Peucedanum arenarium
Peucedanum arenarium Waldst. & Kit.
M
CR
Waldst. & Kit. subsp. arenarium
D2
A2ad; B2ab(iii);
VU
D2(i)
VU
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
CR
A2ad; B2a(ii)b(iii);
C2a(ii)
+
+
+
+
C2a(ii)
Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
LC
+
VU
B2a; B2c(iv)
+
+
+
Phyteuma orbiculare L.
Phyteuma orbiculare L.
LC
+
VU
B2ab(iii)
+
+
+
Pilosella echioides (Lumn.) .
Pilosella echioides (Lumn.)
F. W. Schultz & Sch. Bip
M
NT
VU
Pilosella euchaetia (Nägeli & Peter) Soják
Pilosella euchaetia (Nägeli & Peter) Soják
VU
B1ab(iii)
Pilosella fallacina (F. W. Schultz)
VU
B1ab(iii)
+
+
D2
+
F. W. Schultz
Pilosella guthnickiana (Hegetschw.) Soják
Pilosella guthnickiana (Hegetschw.) Soják
VU
Pilosella iserana (R. Uechtr.) Soják
Pilosella callimorpha (Nägeli & Peter) Soják
RE?
CR
B1b(iii)c(iii)
Pilosella rothiana (Wallr.)
VU
D2
Pilosella rothiana (Wallr.)
VU
D2(i,ii)
+
RE?
Pilosella pilosellina (F. W. Schultz) Soják Pilosella pilosellina (F. W. Schultz) Soják
F. W. Schultz & Sch. Bip.
D2(i,ii)
F. W. Schultz & Sch. Bip.
Pilosella fallacina (F. W. Schultz)
F. W. Schultz
+
RE
CR
VU
D2(i,ii)
B1b(iii)c(iii)
+
F. W. Schultz & Sch. Bip.
Pilosella stenosoma (Nägeli & Peter) Soják
Pilosella stenosoma (Nägeli & Peter) Soják
RE?
Pinguicula alpina L.
Pinguicula alpina L.
LC
Pinguicula vulgaris L.
RE?
NT
+
NT
+
+
VU
A4abc
+
VU
A4abc
+
NT
Pinguicula vulgaris L.
Pinguicula vulgaris L. subsp. bicolor (WoХ.)
CR
B2a
Á. Löve & D. Löve
Pinus cembra L.
Pinus cembra L.
NT
Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana
Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana
DD
(Lamb.) Holmboe
Pistorinia hispanica (L.) DC.
86
NT
+
+
EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
+
(Lamb.) Holmboe
Sedum antiquum Omelcz. & Zaverucha
EN
A1c,d,e;
B1;B2c,d
NT
+
CR
A4abcd
+
87
EuroMed name
Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius
(M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn.
National name
Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius
Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit.
Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit.
Plantago argentea Chaix
Plantago atrata subsp. carpatica
Plantago atrata Hoppe subsp. carpatica
(Soó) Soó
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
VU
D2
CR
C2b
VU
D2
NT
(M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn.
Plantago argentea Chaix
Plantago maritima subsp. ciliata Printz
Character
M, N
NT
E
NT
M
EN
+
+
+
+
VU
B2a;
+
+
+
C2a(i)
Plantago maxima Juss. ex Jacq.
Plantago schwarzenbergiana Schur
Plantago schwarzenbergiana Schur.
Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich.
Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich.
LC
Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb.
Platanthera chlorantha (Cust.) Rchb.
LC
Pleurospermum austriacum (L.) Hoffm.
Pleurospermum austriacum (L.) Hoffm.
NT
Poa babiogorensis
Poa babiogorensis
Poa nemoralis subsp. carpatica V. Jirásek
+
(Soó) Soó
Plantago maritima subsp. salsa (Pall.) Soják
Plantago maxima Jacq.
Bernátová, Májovský & Obuch
CR(PE)
NT
B2ab(iii,iv,v)
EN
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
RE?
M
VU
RE?
D2
VU
NT
CR
D
Poa carpatica subsp. supramontana Bernátová, E
VU
D1+2
VU
D1+D2(i,ii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,v); C2a(ii)
+
+
+
+
VU
A2abcd
+
LC
+
+
+
EN
A4abcd
+
LC
+
E
D2
CR
A2ac; B2a (ii,iii)
+
CR
+
+
D
Bernátová, Májovský & Obuch
+
Májovský, Kliment & Topercer
Poa margilicola Bernátová & Májovský
Poa margilicola Bernátová & Májovský
E
EN
B2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii)
Poa rehmannii
Poa rehmannii (Asch. & Graeb.) Wolosz.
E
VU
B1ac(ii)
Poa remota Forselles
Poa remota Forselles
LC
Poa seiunta Bernátová,
Poa sejuncta Bernátová, Májovský & Obuch E
VU
D1+2
VU
B1ab(i)
CR(PE)
CR
A4abcd
VU
B2a; B2c(ii)
(Asch. & Graebn.) Wolosz.
+
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
D1+D2(i,ii)
Májovský & Obuch
Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC.
Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC.
CR
Podospermum roseum (Waldst. & Kit.)
Scorzonera rosea Waldst. & Kit.
NT
CR
Gemeinholzer & Greuter
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. subsp.
tetraphyllum
+
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv);
+
C2a(i); D
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. subsp.
A, N
EN
A2ac; B1ab(ii,iii,iv)
EN
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv)
VU
B1ab(iii)c(iii,iv)
+
tetraphyllum
Polycnemum arvense L.
Polycnemum arvense L.
Polycnemum heuffelii Láng
Polycnemum heuffeli Láng
A, M
CR
LC
+
Polygala amara L.
Polygala amara L.
LC
+
VU
B2ab(i,,iii)
Polygonum bistorta L.
Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp.
LC
+
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii)
B2ab(ii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
RE
CR
B2ab(ii)
+
Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée
Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée
LC
+
EN
B2b(iii, iv); D1
+
+
+
Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth
Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth
LC
+
EN
D1
+
+
+
+
Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) Woyn.
Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) Woyn.
LC
EN
D1
+
+
+
Pontechium maculatum (L.)
Echium maculatum L.
VU
A4cd; C2b
EN
B2a; B2b(iv)
H
NT
VU
Böhle & Hilger
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)c(iv);
+
C2a(i),b; D2(i)
Potamogeton acutifolius Link
Potamogeton acutifolius Link
VU
B1ab(i)
CR
B2a(iv)c(iv)
Potamogeton alpinus Balb.
Potamogeton alpinus Balb.
VU
B1ab(i)
CR
B2a(iv)b(iv)
Potamogeton compressus L.
Potamogeton compressus L.
CR
B1ab(i)
RE
Potamogeton gramineus L.
Potamogeton gramineus L.
VU
B1ab(i)
EN
B2a(i,ii)c(ii,iv,v)
Potamogeton obtusifolius
Potamogeton obtusifolius
VU
B2ab(iii,iv)
CR
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv)
Mert. & W. D. J. Koch
Mert. & W. D. J. Koch
Potentilla anglica Laichard
Potentilla anglica Laichard
VU
B1ab(i)c(ii)
Potentilla haynaldiana Janka
Potentilla haynaldiana Janka
CR
B1ac(i)
+
+
+
+
CR
+
C2b
+
RE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR B2a; B2c(ii);
C2a(i)
+
Potentilla micrantha DC.
Potentilla micrantha Ramond ex DC.
LC
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
Potentilla patula Waldst. & Kit.
Potentilla patula Waldst. & Kit.
NT
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
DD
EN
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v); D
subsp. patula
EN
Potentilla pedata Willd. ex Nestl.
Potentilla pusilla Host
Potentilla pusilla Host
Primula acaulis (L.) L.
Primula vulgaris Huds.
Primula auricula L. subsp. serratifolia
Primula auricula L. subsp. serratifolia
D
+
+
+
+
M
NT
LC
E
VU
+
+
+
+
+
RE
CR
B2a; B2c(i)
VU
C2a(i)
+
C2a(i)
+
+
CR
B1;B2e;C2a,b;
D
(Rochel) Jav.
Primula farinosa L.
NT
Primula farinosa L. subsp. farinosa
VU
B2a(i)b(iii)
CR A1a; B2a
DD
Primula farinosa L.
Primula halleri J. F. Gmel.
CR
C2b
NT
Primula halleri J. F. Gmel. subsp. halleri
RE
Primula halleri J. F. Gmel.
Primula halleri subsp. platyphylla O. Schwarz
88
B1a; B1c(i)
subsp. patula
Potentilla pedata Willd.
(Rochel) Jav.
CR
EN
VU
A4abcd
+
D2(i)
89
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
category
Primula minima L.
Primula minima L.
Primula wulfeniana Schott subsp.
Primula baumgarteniana Degen & Moesz
Carpathians
criteria
B, E
CR
C2a(i)
Pritzelago alpina subsp. dubia (PawХ.) Soják Pritzelago alpina subsp. dubia (PawХ.) Soják
VU
D2
Prunus padus subsp. borealis
Padus petraea Tausch
NT
Prunus tenella Batsch
Prunus tenella Batsch
NT
Psephellus trinervius (Willd.) Wagenitz
Centaurea trinervia Stephan ex Willd.
CR
Pseudorchis albida (L.)
Pseudorchis albida (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve
LC
Pulmonaria angustifolia L.
Pulmonaria angustifolia L.
NT
Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austriaca
Pulsatilla scherfelii (Ullep.) Skalický
LC
+
NT
+
LC
SK
cat
SK
crit
LC
SK
pres
HU
cat
HU
crit
HU PL
pres cat
PL PL
crit pres
+
+
UA
cat
UA
crit
VU
A2abcd
UA RO
pres cat
RO
crit
RO
pres
RS
cat
RS
crit
VU
B2c;B3b; C1
EN
B2b,c,d
VU
B2a,b,c;E
RS
pres
CZ
cat
CZ
crit
+
CR
C2a(i)
baumgarteniana (Degen & Moesz) Lüdi
VU
D2(i)
+
VU
B2a
+
(A. Blytt) Nyman
CR
B1a(ii)b(iii)
+
+
C2a(i)
CR
+
+
VU
A4abc
VU
A4abcd
C2a(i)
+
Á. Löve & D. Löve
EN
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
+
Aichele & Schwegler
Pulsatilla halleri subsp. slavica
Pulsatilla slavica G. Reuss
B, E, H*
EN C2a(ii);
(G. Reuss) Zämelis
Pulsatilla montana subsp. bulgarica
Rummelsp.
D
Pulsatilla montana (Hoppe) Reichnb.
EN
B2ab(ii)
subsp. bulgarica Rummelsp.
Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill.
Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill.
Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill.
Pulsatilla pratensis subsp. flavescens (Hazsl.)
Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill.
Pulsatilla zimmermannii Soó
Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill.
Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill.
B, H
NT
M
EN
B1ab(ii,iii,v)
CR
B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v); D
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,v)
EN
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,v)
CR
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v); D
EN
B2a(ii)b(v); C2a(i)
+
+
+
+
Holub
M
NT
EN
B2a;
C2a(i)
Pulsatilla vulgaris subsp. grandis
Pulsatilla grandis Wender.
LC
Pycreus flavescens (L.) Rchb.
Cyperus flavescens L.
VU
Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
NT
+
+
+
CR
C2b
(Wender.) Zämelis
Pyrola rotundifolia L.
Pyrola rotundifolia L.
Pyrus spinosa Forssk.
Pyrus nivalis Jacq.
B1ab(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
LC
A
EN
+
C2a(i); D
Quercus cerris L.
LC
Quercus frainetto Ten.
Quercus frainetto Ten.
LC
Radiola linoides Roth
Radiola linoides Roth
EN
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
B2ab(iii,v); D2
Ranunculus altitatrensis Paclová & Murín Ranunculus altitatrensis Paclová & Murín
E
VU
Ranunculus carpaticus Herbich
Ranunculus carpaticus Herbich
E
NT
Ranunculus flabellifolius Reichenb.
Ranunculus flabellifolius Heuff. in Rchb.
VU
Ranunculus glacialis L.
Ranunculus glacialis L.
NT
Ranunculus illyricus L.
Ranunculus illyricus L.
Ranunculus lateriflorus DC.
Ranunculus lingua L.
Ranunculus lingua L.
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
+
Quercus cerris L.
Ranunculus lateriflorus DC.
CR
CR
B2c(iii,iv)
+
+
+
B2a; B2b(iv)
+
+
+
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
+
+
EN
C2a(i); D1
+
VU
A2e; B2a(i)b(iii)
CR
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)c(iii,iv)
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,v); D2(i)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,v); C2a(ii)
+
+
+
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv)
Ranunculus millefoliatus Vahl
Ranunculus millefoliatus Vahl
EN
B1ab(i)
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Vill.
VU
D2
Ranunculus peltatus subsp. baudotii
Batrachium baudotii (Godr.) F. W. Schultz
EN
B1ab(iii)
CR
+
EN
C2a(ii)
+
+
+
+
+
EN
+
LC
+
+
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv),
+
+
+
C2a(i)
RE
+
+
CR
B2a(i,ii)c(iv)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v)
B1
C2a(i)
RE
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v);
+
+
+
RE
CR
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Vill.
A2abcd
+
VU
NT
EN
+
+
B1ab(i)c(iv)
+
+
B1ab(ii)
LC
M
VU
VU
VU
EN
B1ab(i)
+
D1; D2
+
(Godr.) C. D. K. Cook
Ranunculus polyphyllus Willd.
Ranunculus polyphyllus Waldst. & Kit.
EN
B1ab(i)
Ranunculus pygmaeus Wahlenb.
Ranunculus pygmaeus Wahlenb.
M
EN
B2ab(iii,iv,v)
Ranunculus reptans L.
Ranunculus reptans L.
EN
B1ab(iii,v)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,v); D
Ranunculus rionii Lagger
Batrachium rionii (Lagger) Nyman
NT
VU
B2a(i,ii)c(ii,iii,iv)
Ranunculus thora L.
Ranunculus thora L.
NT
NT
Reseda phyteuma L.
Reseda phyteuma L.
A, M
VU
B1ab(i)
CR
EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)+2c(iv)
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
A2ace; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv);
A2abcd
VU
C2a(i)
VU
C2a(i)
+
C2a(i)
Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. subsp. saxatilis
Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. subsp. saxatilis
M
Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Pollich
EN
B2ab(iii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
NT
Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Polich.
+
Rhinanthus alectorolophus Pollich
+
Rhinanthus borbasii (Dörfl.) Soó
Rhinanthus borbasii (Dörfl.) Soó
DD
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)
Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen.
Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen.
M
NT
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
Rhodiola rosea L.
Rhodiola rosea L.
LC
LC
Rhododendron myrtifolium
Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott & Kotschy
LC
Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja
EN
+
VU
+
+
RE
+
+
B2b(iii, iv)
+
+
CR
A4abcd
+
VU
A4abcd
+
+
Schott & Kotschy
Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja
90
A2ac; B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
91
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)c(iv)
+
VU
C2a(i); D1
+
+
+
VU
B1;B2c,e;
VU
B2a; D1
+
+
+
Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl
Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl
NT
Ribes alpinum L.
Ribes alpinum L.
LC
Ribes nigrum L.
Ribes nigrum L.
NT
Ribes petraeum Wulfen
Ribes petraeum Wulfen
LC
Ribes spicatum E. Robson
Ribes spicatum Robson
DD
VU
C2a(i)
+
VU
B2a; B2c(iv)
C2a
+
Rorippa pyrenaica (All.) Rchb.
Rorippa pyrenaica (All.) Rchb.
NT
VU
B1a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
Rosa arvensis Huds.
Rosa arvensis Huds.
M
NT
VU
D1+ D2(i,ii)
Rosa glauca Pourr.
Rosa glauca Pourr.
N
NT
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
Rubus chamaemorus L.
Rubus chamaemorus L.
RE
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR
+
CR
C1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR
C2a(i); D
B2a;
Rubus portae-moravicae Holub & Trávn. Rubus portae-moravicae Holub & Trávn.
VU
B2ab(iii)
VU
B2a(ii)b(iii)
Rubus senticosus Weihe
Rubus senticosus Weihe
EN
B2ab(iii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
Ruscus hypoglossum L.
Ruscus hypoglossum L.
NT
C2a(i); D
Sagina apetala Ard.
VU
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,v)
CR
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
Sagina apetala Ard.
+
Sagina apetala Ard. subsp. apetala
Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl subsp. nodosa
Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl subsp. nodosa
VU
VU
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii)
Sagina subulata (Sw.) C. Presl
Sagina subulata (Sw.) C. Presl
NT
VU
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(i,iii,v)
+
Sagittaria sagittifolia L.
Sagittaria sagittifolia L.
M
LC
VU
B2a(iv)b(iv)
+
Salicornia perennans Willd.
Salicornia prostrata Pall.
M
RE
Salix alpina Scop.
+
B1ab(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
CR
C1a(i)
CR
B1a; B1c(i)
+
RE
LC
Salix jacquinii Host
Salix alpina Scop.
+
Salix aurita L.
Salix aurita L.
LC
Salix bicolor Willd.
Salix phylicifolia auct.
NT
Salix hastata L. subsp. hastata
Salix hastata L. subsp. hastata
LC
Salix helvetica Vill.
Salix helvetica Vill.
NT
Salix herbacea L.
Salix herbacea L.
LC
Salix lapponum L.
Salix lapponum L.
CR
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
Salix myrtilloides L.
Salix myrtilloides L.
CR
A2ace; B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v); D
Salix pentandra L.
Salix pentandra L.
LC
Salix retusa L.
Salix kitaibeliana Willd.
Salix retusa L.
Salix retusa L.
E
VU
+
NT
LC
Salix starkeana Willd.
EN
VU
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv)
+
+
EN
LC
+
EN B2a; D
LC
+
CR
+
+
+
+
Saponaria bellidifolia Sm.
Saponaria bellidifolia Sm.
CR
C2a(i)
+
+
VU
A2abc
+
RE
VU
RE
+
B2a(i)b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
A4abcd
+
B1ab(iii)
EN
B2a(i,ii),b(iii); D
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
CR
M
NT
VU
+
+
Salix livida Wahlenb.
Salvia aethiopis L.
C2a(i)
B2a
A2ace; B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v); D
LC
Salix starkeana Willd.
Salvia aethiopis L.
CR
CR B2ac(i,ii,iv)
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
B2ab(iii)
+
C2b
+
B1ab(i)
EN B1a; B1c(i);
+
C2(i)
Saussurea alpina (L.) DC.
Saussurea alpina (L.) DC.
Saussurea porcii Degen
NT
E
CR
NT
+
+
EN B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)
+
B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
Saussurea porcii Degen
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
Saussurea serrata Stankov & Taliev
RE?
Saussurea pygmaea (Jacq.) Spreng.
Saussurea pygmaea (Jacq.) Sprengel
NT
+
Saxifraga adscendens L.
Saxifraga adscendens L.
LC
+
ENB2a; C2a(i)
CR
A2ac;
+
+
+
B2ab (ii,iii)+c(iv);
C2a(i)
Saxifraga aizoides L.
Saxifraga aizoides L.
LC
Saxifraga androsacea L.
Saxifraga androsacea L.
LC
LC
Saxifraga bryoides L.
Saxifraga bryoides L.
NT
LC
Saxifraga bulbifera L.
Saxifraga bulbifera L.
LC
+
Saxifraga carpatica Sternb.
Saxifraga carpatica Sternb.
NT
+
Saxifraga cernua L.
Saxifraga cernua L.
NT
Saxifraga cymbalaria L. subsp. cymbalaria
Saxifraga cymbalaria L.
EN
B2ac(iii)
CR
B2ac(i); D
Saxifraga hirculus L.
B, H
VU
+
+
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
+
+
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
+
D2(i,ii)
+
+
+
VU
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
CR
C1
+
EN
A4abcd
+
C2a(i)
+
EN B2a; B2c(iii)
Saxifraga hirculus L. subsp. hirculus
RE
Saxifraga hirculus L.
92
+
EN B2a; B2c(i); D
Saxifraga luteoviridis Schott & Kotschy
Saxifraga luteo-viridis Schott & Kotschy
NT
Saxifraga mutata L.
Saxifraga mutata L.
VU
Saxifraga oppositifolia L.
Saxifraga oppositifolia L.
LC
B2ab(iii,v); D2
VU
CR B1b(i,ii,iii.iv,v)
+
DD
+
B2a(i)b(iii,v); D2(i,ii)
+
+
+
93
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
Saxifraga pedemontana subsp. cymosa Engl. Saxifraga pedemontana All. subsp. cymosa Engler
NT
Saxifraga retusa Gouan
Saxifraga retusa Gouan
NT
Scabiosa canescens Waldst. & Kit.
Scabiosa canescens Waldst. & Kit.
NT
Scabiosa columbaria subsp.
Scabiosa columbaria L. subsp.
DD
+
VU
+
B2a;
+
C2a(i)
pseudobanatica (Schur) Jáv. & Csapody
VU
E
VU
B1ab(iii,iv)
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
EN
pseudobanatica (Schur) Jáv.
Scabiosa triandra L.
M
VU
A2ac; B2ab(iii,iv)
VU
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
Scandix pecten-veneris L.
Scandix pecten-veneris L. subsp.
A
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)c(iii);
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)c(iii);
pecten-veneris
C2b
Scheuchzeria palustris L.
EN
B2a(ii)b(i,ii)
VU
C2b
D
NT
Scheuchzeria palustris L.
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
EN B2ab(ii,iii,iv)
Scheuchzeria palustris L. subsp. palustris
EN
Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla
Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla
Schoenus ferrugineus L.
Schoenus ferrugineus L.
NT
Schoenus nigricans L.
Schoenus nigricans L.
EN
B1ab(iii)
Scilla bifolia L.
Scilla vindobonensis Speta
VU
D2
Scleranthus perennis L. subsp. perennis
Scleranthus perennis L. subsp. perennis
LC
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
Scleranthus verticillatus Tausch
Scleranthus verticillatus Tausch
NT
EN
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv)c(iv)
A
VU
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
CR
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv)
EN
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(ii,iv,v)
Scopolia carniolica Jacq.
Scopolia carniolica Jacq.
NT
Scorzonera hispanica L.
Scorzonera hispanica L.
NT
Scorzonera parviflora Jacq.
Scorzonera parviflora Jacq.
Scutellaria alpina L.
Scutellaria alpina L. subsp. alpina
Scutellaria altissima L.
Scutellaria altissima L.
Scutellaria supina L.
Scutellaria supina L.
Securigera elegans (Panтiт) Lassen
Sedum annuum L.
M
N
B2ab(iii)
VU
EN
EN
B2ab(iii,iv)
CR
B2ac(i)
LC
D
Securigera elegans (Panтiт) Lassen
VU
B1ab(iv)
Sedum annuum L.
NT
Sedum dasyphyllum L. subsp. dasyphyllum
Sedum dasyphyllum L.
VU
Selaginella selaginoides (L.)
Selaginella selaginoides (L.)
LC
+
B2a
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
A2ce; B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
VU
+
A3bc
+
RE
VU
D2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
VU
A3cd
+
LC
+
+
CR
B2c; C2b
+
+
+
CR
B2a; B2c(i)
CR
D
+
+
VU
+
+
+
CR
EN
+
B1; B2a
+
EN B2ab(ii,iii,iv)
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii, iv,v); C2a(i)
+
+
B1ab(i)
+
EN
+
+
VU
+
C2b
A2abc
+
+
Beauv. ex Mart. & Schrank
Selinum dubium (Schkuhr) Leute
NT
Selinum dubium (Schkuhr) Thell.
VU
A3cd
Cnidium dubium (Schkuhr) Thell.
Sempervivum carpathicum subsp.
+
+
B2ab(iii,iv); D
Scabiosa triandra L.
Schrank & Mart.
+
A3c, d;
Sempervivum carpathicum subsp.
+
E
VU
heterophyllum (Hazsl.) Letz
heterophyllum (Hazsl.) Letz
Sempervivum marmoreum Griseb.
Sempervivum marmoreum Griseb.
NT
Sempervivum matricum Letz
Sempervivum matricum Letz
NT
Sempervivum montanum L.
Sempervivum montanum L.
E
NT
Senecio doria L.
Senecio doria L.
M
LC
Senecio sarracenicus L.
Senecio sarracenicus L.
NT
Senecio squalidus subsp. rupestris
Senecio rupestris Waldst. & Kit.
NT
B2ab(iii,v); C2a(i)
VU
B2a(i)b(iii,v); C2a(i)
VU
B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
+
CR
A2c; B2a(ii)b(iii)
+
+
VU
A3c
+
EN
A2
EN
D
+
CR
A4abc
+
+
+
+
RE
+
+
(Waldst. & Kit.) Greuter
Senecio umbrosus Waldst. & Kit.
Senecio umbrosum Waldst. & Kit. s. str.
LC
Seseli gracile Waldst. & Kit.
Seseli gracile Waldst. & Kit.
NT
Seseli hippomarathrum Jacq.
Seseli hippomarathrum Jacq.
LC
Seseli leucospermum Waldst. & Kit.
Seseli leucospermum Waldst. & Kit.
VU
Seseli pallasii Besser
Seseli pallasii Besser
NT
Seseli peucedanoides (M. Bieb.) Koso-Pol.
VU
+
RE
+
+
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
CR
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v)c(iv); C2a(i)
EN
B1
+
C2a(ii)
VU
C2a(ii)
+
+
+
A3cd; B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)c(iv);
C2a(i)
Seseli peucedanoides (M. Bieb.) Koso-Pol.
Gasparrinia peucedanoides (M. Bieb.) Thell.
Sesleria caerulea (L.) Ard.
Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schult.
LC
Sesleria coerulans Friv.
Sesleria bielzii Schur
NT
+
Sesleria heuflerana Schur
Sesleria heufleriana Schur.
NT
Sesleria sadlerana Janka
Sesleria sadleriana Janka
EN
B1ab(iii)
CR
B2a(i,ii)b(iii)
Sesleria uliginosa Opiz
Sesleria uliginosa Opiz
VU
A2ac; B1ab(i,iii,iv,v)
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
Sibbaldia procumbens L.
Sibbaldia procumbens L.
NT
CR
B2a(i)b(iii); D
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
VU
A3cd
EN
B2a; B2b(iii)
+
+
VU C2a(ii)
+
VU
B1; B2a
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR B2a; B2c(ii);
C2a(ii)
94
Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell.
Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell.
LC
Silene bupleuroides L. subsp. bupleuroides
Silene bupleuroides L. subsp. bupleuroides
VU
Silene conica L.
Silene conica L.
M
NT
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)c(iv)
Silene gallica L.
Silene gallica L.
A
NT
CR
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
VU
+
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
CR
B2ab(ii, v)
VU
B2ab(i, ii, iii)
B2a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
95
EuroMed name
National name
Silene lerchenfeldiana Baumg.
Silene lerchenfeldiana Baumg.
Silene nivalis (Kit.) Rohrb.
Silene nivalis (Kit.) Rohrb.
Character
Silene nutans subsp. dubia (Rohrb.) ZapaХ.
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
VU
B1ac(ii)
VU B1a; B1c(ii)
E
VU
B2ac(iii)
VU B2a; B2c(iii)
E
NT
Silene nutans subsp. dubia (Herbich) ZapaХ.
CR
B2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii); D
+
Silene dubia L.
Silene rupestris L.
Silene rupestris L.
Silene zawadzkii Herbich
Silenanthe zawadskii (Herbich) Griseb. &
E
NT
Sisymbrium austriacum Jacq.
Sisymbrium austriacum Jacq.
N
VU
D1+2
M
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
VU
B1ab(i)
EN
A3cd
E
CR
D
CR
D
E
CR
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);
CR
B2a(i)b(i,ii,iii,iv,v);
CR
C2a(i); D1
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(i,iii,iv,v)
EN
B2a
subsp. austriacum
+
EN C2a(i)
CR
B2ac(i)
CR
B2a; B2c(i)
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
VU
+
D1+D2(i,ii)
+
subsp. austriacum
Sisymbrium polymorphum (Murray) Roth Sisymbrium polymorphum (Murr.) Roth
Sium sisarum L.
Sium sisarum L.
Soldanella pseudomontana F. K. Mey.
Soldanella pseudomontana subsp. pieninica
+
+
+
Hrouda & Kochjarová, ined.
Sorbus atrimontis Májovský,
Sorbus atrimontis Bernátová & Májovský
Bernátová & Topercer
Sorbus austriaca subsp. hazslinszkyana
C2a(i)
Sorbus hazslinszkyana (Soó) Májovský
C2a(i)
NT
+
(Soó) Kárpáti
Sorbus borbasii Jav.
Sorbus borbasii Jav.
Sorbus buekkensis (Soó) Soó
Sorbus buekkensis Soó
Sorbus caeruleomontana Májovský,
Sorbus caeruleomontana
Bernátová & Topercer
E
VU
B1ac(i)
VU
B2ab(ii); D1
E
CR
B2ab(i,iii,v); C2a(ii)
E
EN
VU
CR
B1a; B1c(i)
B2a(ii)b(i,iii,v); C2a(ii)
Bernátová & Májovský
Sorbus carpatica Borbás
Sorbus zolyomii (Soó) Kárpáti
Sorbus dacica Borbas
Sorbus dacica Borbas
Sorbus graeca (Spach) Schauer
Sorbus graeca (Spach) Lodd. ex Schauer
Sorbus haljamovae Májovský,
Sorbus haljamovae Bernátová & Májovský
NT
+
NT
E
VU
+
B2ac(ii)
B2ab(iii); C2a(i); D1+2
EN B2a; B2c(ii)
CR
B2a(i)b(i,iv,v); C2a(i); D
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(iii); C2a(i);
Bernátová & Topercer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
D1+D2(i)
Sorbus chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz
Sorbus chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz
NT
+
Sorbus javorkae (Soó) Kárpáti
Sorbus javorkae (Soó) Kárpáti
NT
+
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(i,iii,iv,v)
+
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(i,iii,iv,v)
+
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(i,iii,iv,v)
Sorbus margittaiana (Jáv.) Kárpáti
Sorbus margittaiana (Jáv.) Kárpáti
E
EN
B2ab(i,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(i,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
Sorbus montisalpae Májovský,
Sorbus montisalpae Bernátová & Májovský
E
EN
B2ab(i,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(i,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
CR
B2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,v); C2a(ii)
CR
B2b(i,ii,iv,v); C2a(ii)
CR
B2b(i,ii,iv,v); C2a(ii)
VU
B2ab(iii); C2a(i); D1+2
VU
B2a(i,ii)b(iii); C2a(i);
VU
B1ab(iii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii); C2a(ii)
VU
B2a
EN
C2a(i)
Bernátová & Topercer
Sorbus pannonica Kárpáti
Sorbus thaiszii (Soó) Kárpáti
Sorbus pekarovae Májovský & Bernátová
Sorbus pekarovae Májovský & Bernátová
E
E
Sorbus scepusiensis Kovanda
Sorbus scepusiensis Kovanda
Sorbus sooi (Máthé) Kárpáti
Sorbus sooi (Máthé) Kárpáti
Sorbus zuzanae Májovský,
Sorbus zuzanae Májovský & Bernátová
NT
NT
E
Bernátová &Topercer
Sparganium angustifolium Michx.
D1+D2(i)
Sparganium angustifolium F. Michx.
CR
B2a;
DD
C2a(i); D
Sparganium emersum Rehmann
Sparganium emersum Rehmann
NT
Sparganium natans L.
Sparganium natans L.
EN
B2ab(iii)
EN
B2a(i)b(iii)
+
Spergula pentandra L.
Spergula pentandra L.
EN
B1ab(i,iii)c(iii,iv)
CR
D
Spiraea media Schmidt subsp. media
Spiraea media Schmidt subsp. media
LC
VU
B2a; B2b(iv)
+
RE
+
+
+
VU
B2a;
+
C2a(i)
Spiraea salicifolia L.
Spiraea salicifolia L.
VU
Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall.
Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall.
NT
B1ab(i,iii)
RE
Stachys alpina L.
Stachys alpina L.
LC
+
Staphylea pinnata L.
Staphylaea pinnata L.
NT
+
Stellaria longifolia Willd.
Stellaria longifolia H. L. Mühl. ex Willd.
VU
CR
A2ac; B1ab(i,iii,iv)
VU
+
A2ac
CR A2a; B2a
RE
EN
C2a(ii)
+
+
A2ac; B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv)
+
CR
EN
+
A4abcd
B2a;
+
+
+
+
C2a(i); D
Stellaria palustris Hoffm.
NT
Stellaria palustris Retz.
VU
Stellaria palustris Ehrh. ex Hoffm.
Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. & Kit
Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. & Kit
EN
Stipa dasyphylla (Lindem.) Trautv.
Stipa dasyphylla (Czern. ex Lindem) Trautv.
NT
Stipa eriocaulis C. Koch
NT
Stipa crassiculmis subsp. euroanatolica
EN
B1ab(iii)c(ii)
EN
C2a(ii)
(P. A. Smirn.) Tzvelev
+
RE
+
Stipa eriocaulis Borbás
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv)
B1ab(i)
Stipa pulcherrima subsp. crassiculmis
Stipa transcarpatica Klokov
96
VU
+
CR
+
+
RE
+
B2a(ii)b(iii); D
EN B2a; B2c(ii);
Martinovský
C2a(ii)
Stipa transcarpatica Klokov
Stipa zalesskii Wilensky
Stipa smirnovii Martinovský
Suaeda prostrata Pall.
Suaeda prostrata Pall.
+
VU B2a; B2c(ii)
H*, M
RE
M
RE
EN
C2a(ii)
RE
RE
97
EuroMed name
National name
Succisella inflexa (Kluk) G. Beck
Succisella inflexa (Kluk.) Beck
Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.
Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.
Taraxacum austrinum G. E. Haglund
Taraxacum austrinum G. E. Haglund
(sect. Palustria)
Taraxacum erythrocarpum
Kirschner & Štўpánek
(sect. Erythrocarpa)
Taraxacum gelertii Raunk.
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
+
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
LC
B, E, H
+
NT
VU
A4abcd
+
VU
A4abcd
+
RE?
RE?
(sect. Palustria)
Taraxacum erythrocarpum
E
EN
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
EN
B1a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)
Taraxacum gelertii Raunk. (sect. Naevosa)
EN
B2ab(iii,iv)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
Taraxacum gibberum Markl. (sect. Ruderalia)
VU
B2ab(iii,iv)
VU
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
Taraxacum kernianum Hagend. & al.
EN
B2ab(iii,iv)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
VU
B2ab(iii)
VU
B2a(ii)b(iii)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
Kirschner & Štўpánek
(sect. Erythrocarpa)
(sect. Naevosa)
Taraxacum gibberum Markl.
(sect. Ruderalia)
Taraxacum kernianum Hagend. & al.
(sect. Hamata)
Taraxacum maricum Vašut & al.
(sect. Erythrosperma)
Taraxacum nigricans (Kit.) Rchb.
(sect. Alpestria)
Taraxacum paludem-ornus
Kirschner & Štepánek
(sect. Palustria)
Taraxacum pieninicum PawХ.
(sect. Erythrocarpa)
Taraxacum pseudohamatum Dahlst.
(sect. Hamata)
Taraxacum quadrans H. Ollg.
(sect. Hamata)
Taraxacum maricum Vašut & al.
(sect. Erythrosperma)
Taraxacum nigricans (Kit.) Rchb.
E
NT
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(iii)
+
+
+
(sect. Alpestria)
Taraxacum paludem-ornans
EN
B2ab(iii,iv)
CR
B2ab(ii); C2a(i); D
Kirschner & Štўpánek
(sect. Palustria)
Taraxacum pieninicum PawХ.
E
CR
(sect. Erythrocarpa)
B2a;
C2a(i); D
Taraxacum pseudohamatum Dahlst.
CR
B2ab(iii,iv)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
Taraxacum quadrans H. Øllg. (sect. Hamata)
CR
B2ab(iii,iv)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
Taraxacum quaesitum
EN
B2ab(iii)
EN
B2ab(iii,iv)
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii,iv)
EN
B2ab(ii); D
(sect. Hamata)
(sect. Hamata)
Taraxacum quaesitum
Kirschner & Štўpánek
(sect. Palustria)
Taraxacum raunkiaeri Wiinst.
(sect. Naevosa)
Taraxacum rupicaprae
Štўpánek & Kirschner
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(iii)
Kirschner & Štўpánek
(sect. Palustria)
Taraxacum duplidentifrons Dahlst.
(sect. Naevosa)
Taraxacum rupicaprae Štўpánek & Kirschner
EN
B2a(i,ii); D
EN
B1a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(iii)
(sect. Alpestria)
(sect. Alpestria)
Taraxacum serotinum (Waldst. & Kit.)
LC
Fisch. (sect. Dioszegia)
Taraxacum serotinum (Waldst. & Kit.) Poir.
VU
Taraxacum serotinum (Waldst. & Kit.) Fisch.
A3cd
+
DD
(sect. Dioszegia)
Taraxacum subpolonicum
Kirschner & Štўpánek
(sect. Palustria)
Taraxacum subpolonicum
EN
B2ab(iii)
Kirschner & Štўpánek
(sect. Palustria)
Taxus baccata L.
Taxus baccata L.
LC
+
VU
B2a; D1
+
Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg.
Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg.
LC
+
EN
A4ac; C2a(i)
+
Tephroseris crispa (Jacq.) Rchb.
Tephroseris crispa (Jacq.) Rchb.
LC
+
VU
B2ab(i, ii, iii, iv, v)
+
+
EN
A4ac; C2a(i)
Tephroseris integrifolia subsp. aurantiaca
EN
A1abcd
+
+
+
EN
B2a,b,c,d,e
+
NT
(Willd.) B. Nord.
Tephroseris aurantiaca (Willd.)
Griseb. & Schenk
Senecio aurantiacus (Hoppe) Less.
EN
B2a;
+
C2a(i)
Tephroseris integrifolia (L.) Holub
subsp. integrifolia
Tephroseris longifolia subsp. moravica
Senecio integrifolius (L.) Clairv.
NT
+
+
subsp. integrifolius
CR
B2a;
+
C2a(i); D
Tephroseris longifolia subsp. moravica Holub E, H
EN
B2ab(iii,v)c(iv)
EN
B2a(i,ii)b(iii,v)c(iv)
Tephroseris papposa (Rchb.) Schur
EN
A2ac; B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v);
EN
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v);
Holub
Tephroseris papposa (Rchb.) Schur
subsp. papposa
98
subsp. papposa
Teucrium botrys L.
Teucrium botrys L.
Teucrium scordium L.
Teucrium scordium L.
Thalictrum flavum L.
Thalictrum flavum L.
C2a(i)
NT
M
+
+
C2a(i)
+
NT
EN
A2cd
NT
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
VU
B2ab(i, ii, iv, v)
+
VU
+
+
+
C2a(i)
+
+
+
+
99
EuroMed name
Thalictrum foetidum L.
National name
Character
Thalictrum foetidum L.
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
+
EN
B2ab(i, ii, iv, v);
NT
+
+
C2a(i)
Thalictrum minus subsp. psudominus
Thalictrum pseudominus Borbás
NT
Thalictrum simplex subsp. galioides
NT
+
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii)
(Borbás) Soó
Thalictrum simplex subsp. galioides
(DC.) Korsh.
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
+
(DC.) Korsh.
Thelypteris limbosperma (All.) H. P. Fuchs Oreopteris limbosperma (All.) Holub
LC
+
CR
D1
+
+
+
Thelypteris palustris Schott
Thelypteris palustris Salisb.
NT
+
VU
B2a; B2c(iv)
+
+
+
Thesium dollineri Murb.
Thesium dollineri Murb.
Thesium pyrenaicum Pourr.
Thesium pyrenaicum Pourr.
Thymus pulegioides subsp. pannonicus
(All.) Kerguélen
CR
M
RE?
B2ab(iii)
RE
Thymus longedentatus (Degen & Urum.) Thymus longedentatus (Degen & Urum.)
Ronniger
M, N
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
RE
RE?
Ronniger
Thymus pulegioides subsp. carniolicus
CR
B2ab(iii)
D2
CR
B2a(i,ii)b(iii)
(Borbás) P. A. Schmidt
Tofieldia pusilla (Michx.) Pers.
Tofieldia pusilla (F. Michx.) Pers.
VU
VU
D2(i,ii)
Tordylium maximum L.
Tordylium maximum L.
NT
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
Trapa natans L.
Trapa natans L.
NT
VU
B2a(i,ii)c(iii,iv)
+
B, M
Traunsteinera globosa (L.) Rchb.
Traunsteinera globosa (L.) Rchb.
LC
+
Trientalis europaea L.
Trientalis europaea L.
NT
+
+
Trifolium badium Schreb.
Trifolium badium Schreb.
+
+
NT
Trifolium lupinaster L.
EN
EN
+
+
+
LC
C2a(i)
+
VU
+
A2abcd
+
+
VU
CR
C2b
A2abcd
+
A2ace; B1ab(iii,v)
Trifolium lupinaster f. angustifolia Litw.
CR B1a; B1c(i);
C2b
Trifolium romanicum Brandza
CR
A2ace; B2a(ii)b(iii,v);
C2a(ii); D
Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.
Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.
LC
+
+
VU
B2a;
+
+
+
C2a(i)
Trifolium retusum L.
Trifolium retusum L.
M
NT
CR(PE)
Trifolium striatum L.
Trifolium striatum L.
M
NT
EN
Trifolium vesiculosum Savi
Trifolium vesiculosum Savi
M, N
CR
B1ab(i)
Triglochin maritima L.
Triglochin maritima L.
VU
A2ac; B1ab(iii,iv,v)
Triglochin palustris L.
Triglochin palustre L.
NT
Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers.
EN
+
A2ac; B2a(i)b(ii,iii)
VU
Trichophorum pumilum (Vahl)
+
+
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
+
VU
A3cd
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
DD
B1ab(iii)
EN B2a; C2a(i)
Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers.
subsp. cespitosum
+
RE
Baeothryon alpinum (L.) T. V. Egorova
Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartm.
+
+
Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartm.
EN
subsp. cespitosum
A2ac; B2ab(ii,iv,v);
EN
B2a(ii)b(iii)
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(ii,iv,v);
C2a(ii)
Trichophorum pumilum (Vahl) Schinz & Thell.
EN
+
C2a(ii)
A2ac; B2ab(iii)
EN
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii)
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
EN
B1a(i)b(iii)
Schinz & Thell.
Trinia glauca (L.) Dumort. subsp. glauca Trinia glauca (L.) Dumort. subsp. glauca
NT
Trinia kitaibelii M. Bieb.
EN
B1ab(iii)
C2a(i)
Trinia ucrainica Schischk.
Tripleurospermum tenuifolium (Kit.) Freyn Matricaria trichophylla (Boiss.) Boiss.
VU
Trollius europaeus L. s. l.
Trollius europaeus L.
LC
+
+
VU
+
Tulipa hungarica Borbás
Tulipa hungarica Borbás
B, E, H
VU
D2
Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm.
Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm.
M
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
EN
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv)
Typha shuttleworthii
Typha shuttleworthii W. D. J. Koch & Sond.
B
VU
B1ab(i)
CR
B2a(i,ii)b(iii)
CR
C2a(i)
+
+
C2a(i)
+
+
+
RE
+
RE
+
+
+
RE?
W. D. J. Koch & Sond.
Utricularia australis R.Br.
Utricularia australis R. Br.
NT
Utricularia bremii Heer
Utricularia bremii Heer
DD
Utricularia minor L.
Utricularia minor L.
VU
Utricularia vulgaris L.
+
+
RE
A2ac; B1ab(iii,iv,v)
EN
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v)
VU
B2a(i,ii)c(ii,iii,iv)
CR
C2a(i)
C2a(i)
VU
A2a
VU B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
+
DD
+
+
+
NT
Utricularia vulgaris L.
+
Utricularia vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert
VU
+
+
Vaccaria hispanica subsp. grandiflora
A
CR
B1ab(i)
RE
+
RE
+
+
+
(Ser. ex DC.) Holub
Vaccinium microcarpum (Rupr.) Schmalh.
NT
Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. ex Rupr.
EN C2a(i)
Vaccinium microcarpus (Turcz. ex Rupr.)
CR
B1a(i)b(iii)
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)
EN
EN
A2abcd
D2
+
Schmalh.
100
Vaccinium oxycoccos L.
Oxycoccus palustris Pers.
LC
Vaccinium uliginosum L. subsp. uliginosum
Vaccinium uliginosum L. subsp. uliginosum
NT
+
VU B2b(iii)
+
+
+
+
+
101
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
Vaccinium vitis- idaea L.
LC
+
VU
B2b(iii, iv); C1
+
+
+
Valeriana dioica subsp. simplicifolia
Valeriana simplicifolia (Rchb.) Kabath
LC
+
CR
B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)
+
+
+
Valeriana officinalis L. subsp. sambucifolia
LC
+
EN
B2ab(ii,iii,iv)
+
LC
+
VU
A3c; C2a(i)
(Rchb.) Nyman
Valeriana officinalis subsp. sambucifolia.
(J. C. Mikan) сelak
Valeriana tripteris subsp. austriaca
E. Walther
Valerianella coronata (L.) DC.
+
(J. C. Mikan) сelak.
Valeriana tripteris L. subsp. austriaca
+
E. Walther
Valerianella coronata (L.) DC.
M
VU
B1ab(i)
EN
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv);
+
+
+
+
+
+
C2b
Veratrum album L. subsp. album
Veratrum album L. subsp. album
LC
VU
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v);
+
+
C2a(i); D1+D2(i)
Veratrum nigrum L.
Veratrum nigrum L.
VU
D2
Verbascum glabratum subsp. brandzae
Verbascum glabratum Friv. subsp. brandzae
VU
B2ac(ii)
(D. Brândzǎ) Murb.
Verbascum lychnitis subsp. moenchii
D2
VU B2a; B2c(ii)
(Franch. ex D. Brândzы) Murb.
Verbascum lychnitis subsp. moenchii
(Schultz) Holub & Mladý
(Schultz) Holub & Mladý
Verbascum speciosum Schrad.
Verbascum speciosum Schrad.
subsp. speciosum
VU
M
RE
RE
NT
VU
B1a(ii)b(iii)
VU
B1a(ii)b(iii)
subsp. speciosum
Veronica acinifolia L.
Veronica acinifolia L.
Veronica agrestis L.
Veronica agrestis L.
A, M
EN
NT
B1ab(iii)
RE
CR
A2ac; B2a(i)b(i,ii,iv,v)
Veronica anagalloides Guss.
Veronica anagalloides Guss.
M, N
NT
VU
B1a(i,ii)c(iii,iv,v)
Veronica aphylla L.
Veronica aphylla L.
NT
Veronica austriaca subsp. jacquinii
Veronica jacquinii Baumg.
VU
CR
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(iii,iv,v)
+
+
A2ac; B1ab(iii,iv,v)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
EN
A4abc
+
+
+
+
+
+
(Baumg.) Eb. Fisch.
Veronica bachofenii Heuff.
Veronica bachofenii Heuffel
NT
Veronica bellidioides L.
Veronica bellidioides L.
EN
Veronica catenata Pennell
Veronica catenata Pennell
Veronica fruticans Jacq.
Veronica fruticans Jacq.
LC
Veronica incana subsp. pallens
Pseudolysimachion incanum subsp. pallens
CR
(Host) Albach
Veronica longifolia L.
M, N
+
B1ab(i)
LC
EN
B1a(i,ii)c(iii,iv,v)
CR
B1a(ii)b(iii)
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
D
+
EN
C1
+
+
RE?
+
+
+
B1ab(iii)
+
CR
+
(Host) Trávníтek
Pseudolysimachion maritimum (L.)
NT
+
+
+
+
+
Á. Löve & D. Löve
Veronica montana L.
Veronica montana L.
Veronica opaca Fr.
Veronica opaca Fr.
Veronica scardica Griseb.
Veronica scardica Griseb.
VU
B2ab(iv)
RE
Veronica spicata subsp. fischeri
Pseudolysimachion spicatum subsp. fischeri
VU
B1ab(iii)
VU
VU
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
(Trávn.) Albach
LC
A
VU
+
B1ab(i,iii)
CR(PE)
VU
B2b(iii, iv)
+
CR
B2a; C1
+
+
+
RE
VU B2a; B2b(vi)
B1a(i)b(iii)
+
Trávníтek
Veronica spuria L.
Pseudolysimachion spurium subsp. foliosum
M
RE
(Waldst. & Kit.) Holub
Pseudolysimachion spurium (L.) Rauschert
Veronica triloba (Opiz) Wiesb.
Veronica triloba (Opiz) Opiz
Veronica urticifolia Jacq.
Veronica urticifolia Jacq.
VU
A, M
DD
EN
LC
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
A2ac; B2(i,ii)b(iii,iv)
+
A2ac;
VU
B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
N
Vicia lutea L.
Vicia lutea L.
VU
C2a(ii)
VU
Vicia narbonensis L.
Vicia narbonensis L.
CR
B1ab(i)
RE
Vicia sparsiflora Ten.
Vicia sparsiflora Ten.
NT
Vicia sylvatica L.
Vicia sylvatica L.
LC
Vinca herbacea Waldst. & Kit.
Vinca herbacea Waldst. & Kit.
Viola alba Besser
Viola alba Besser
NT
Viola alpina Jacq.
Viola alpina Jacq.
VU
Viola ambigua Waldst. & Kit.
Viola ambigua Waldst. & Kit.
Viola biflora L.
Viola biflora L.
LC
Viola dacica Borbás
Viola dacica Borbás
LC
M
M
VU
VU
NT
B2a(i)b(i); D2(i)
EN
A2ac; B2(ii)b(iii,iv)
+
A2ac
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
CR B1ab(iii,iv,v)
RE
+
+
+
+
VU
+
+
VU
B1a(ii)b(iii)+B2a(ii)b(iii)
VU
+
+
+
B2ab(i); D2
+
C2a(ii)
B1a(i)b(iii,iv)
+
NT
B2a;
C2a(i)
EN
A3c, d; B2ab (iii)
B2a(i)b(iii,v); C2a(i);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
D1+D2(i)
Viola elatior Fr.
Viola elatior Fr.
NT
CR
A2ac; B2a(i)b(ii,iii,iv,v);
VU
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
C2a(ii)
102
Viola epipsila Ledeb.
Viola epipsila Ledeb.
Viola grisebachiana Boiss.
Viola grisebachiana Vis.
Viola palustris L. subsp. palustris
Viola palustris L.
LC
Viola persicifolia Schreb.
Viola stagnina KIT.
VU
M
VU
B1ab(iii,v)c(iv)
VU
B2ab(ii)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii,v)
CR B2a; B2c(iv)
VU
+
B1ab(i,iii,iv)
EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
+
+
+
+
B1;D2
CR B2a; B2c(iii)
+
103
EuroMed name
National name
Character
Carpathians
Carpathians
SK
SK
SK
HU
HU
HU PL
PL
PL
UA
UA
UA
RO
RO
RO
RS
RS
RS
CZ
CZ
category
criteria
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit pres
cat
crit
pres cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
pres
cat
crit
EN
A2ac; B2a(ii)b(ii,iii,iv,v)
EN
B2a; B2c(iv)
Viola pumila Chaix
Viola pumila Chaix
NT
Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris
Vitis sylvestris C. C. Gmel.
VU
B1ac(iv)
VU
B1ab(i)
RE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(C. C. Gmel.) Hegi
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray
M
+
Waldsteinia ternata subsp. trifolia
Waldsteinia teppneri Májovský
CR
B2ab(iii)
CR
B2a(ii)b(iii)
Waldsteinia ternata subsp. magicii Májovský
EN
B2ab(ii,iii,v)
EN
B2a(i)b(ii,iii,v)
B1ab(iv); D2
VU
D2(i,ii)
RE
VU
B1a(i)b(iii)
VU
EN B2a; B2c(ii);
C2a(i)
(K. Koch) Teppner
Waldsteinia ternata subsp. trifolia
(K. Koch) Teppner
Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm.
Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm.
NT
Woodsia alpina (Bolton) Gray
Woodsia alpina (Bolton) Gray
VU
Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br.
Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br.
NT
+
+
CR
B2a;
DD
EN
A2; C2b
EN
D
C2a(i)
C1; D1
CR B2a(i);
CR
D
+
C2a(i);
D
Woodsia pulchella Bertol.
Woodsia glabella R. Br. subsp. pulchella
EN
C2b
EN
C2b
(Bertol.) A. & D. Lowe
Xanthium spinosum L.
Xanthium spinosum L.
Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sm.
Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sm.
A, M, N
NT
EN
A2ac; B2a(i,ii)b(iii,iv,v)
+
A
NT
VU
A2ac; B2a(i)b(iii,iv,v)c(iv)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Legend: cat. – category, crit. – criteria, pres. – presence
Table 2: Number of taxa proposed by individual Carpathian countries in the Red List of vascular plants of the Carpathians (according
to status of database http://www.sopsr.sk/symfony-bioregio/botany to August 22nd, 2013).
Country
Czech republic
Hungary
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Ukraine
104
Total number of taxa
26
539
198
187
106
1 001
195
Number of taxa included into Carpathian Red list
26
321
130
159
26
525
180
105
DRAFT CARPATHIAN RED LIST
OF MOLLUSCS (MOLLUSCA)
Compiled by Ľubomíra Vavrová
Authors / Contributors: Ľubomíra Vavrová, Marek iliak, Jozef Šteffek† (Slovakia), Miklós G. Heltai,
Zoltán Fehér (Hungary), Katarzyna Zając, Anna Zięcik, Monika Szewczyk, Piotr Mikolajczyk (Poland), Vasyl Chumak (Ukraine), Angela Banaduc (Romania)
Background
According to the latest IUCN European Red List of
Non-marine Molluscs (Cutellod et al., 2011) in total 854
freshwater molluscs species (including 748 species endemic to Europe) and 1233 terrestrial molluscs species
(including 1161 species endemic to Europe) were assessed using the IUCN Red List Criteria (IUCN 2001).
Number of Carpathian species per category:
Freshwater molluscs: EX (Extinct) – 5, CR (Critically Endangered) – 109, EN (Endangered) – 90, VU (Vulnerable)
– 174, NT (Near Threatened) – 75, LC (Least Concern)
– 190, DD (Data Deficient) – 211
Terrestrial molluscs: EX (Extinct) – 3, CR (Critically Endangered) – 53, EN (Endangered) – 51, VU (Vulnerable)
– 142, NT (Near Threatened) – 182, LC (Least Concern)
– 677, DD (Data Deficient) – 125
The following mollusc species that occur in the Carpathians are listed also in the European list of threatened
species (categories EU / EU27):
Theodoxus prevostianus (EN / EN), Theodoxus transversalis
(EN / EN), Unio crassus (VU / VU), Vertigo angustior (VU
/ VU), Vertigo moulinsiana (VU / VU), Agardhiella tuned
(VU / VU), Bythinella molcsany (VU / VU), Xerocampylaea
zelebori (LC / VU).
Executive summary
In total 357 molluscs species occurring in the Carpathians
were assessed according to the IUCN Red List Criteria
(IUCN 2001). Considering the recent knowledge about
the species populations size and trends and their habitat
quality 37 taxa in total were classified as threatened. These
taxa were classified in the following categories:
CR (1 taxon) - Theodoxus prevostianus
EN (6 taxa) – Alopia maciana, Bythinella molcsanyi, Quickella
106
arenaria, Theodoxus transversalis, Unio crassus, Valvata macrostoma
VU (30 taxa) – Agardhiella tunde, Alopia bielzi clathrata, A. b.
madensis, A. meschendorferi, A. petrensis, A. pomatias, Alzoniella slovenica, Bythinella calimanica, B. viseuiana, B. blidariensis, B.
georgievi, B. falniowski, B. feheri, B. sirbui, B. szarowskae, Cochlicopa nitens, Cochlodina fimbriata remota, Faustina cingulella,
F. rossmäessleri, Gyraulus rossmäessleri, Helicigona kiralikoeica,
Petasina filicina, Pisidium moitessierianum, P. pseudosphaerium,
P. tenuilineatum, Pseudanodonta complanata, Pupilla sterrii, Terrestribythinella baidashnikovi, Theodoxus danubialis, Troglovitrea
argintarui
In total 46 taxa are considered as endemic to the Carpathians. In total 9 taxa are of the European Importance
and are listed in Annexes of the Habitats Directive.
on of the IUCN Red List Criteria to ensure that species
classification at national level will be comparable for all
relevant countries.
References
Assessment methodology
Standard methodology for application of the IUCN Red
List Criteria (IUCN 2001) at regional level was used for
the species classification.
Based on the available data a list of the Carpathian molluscs was elaborated. The list was consulted with experts
from the region. For the assessment the following rules
were set up:
- all species with confirmed occurrence in the Carpathians were classified;
- invasive and non-native species were not classified;
- subspecies were classified only exceptionally;
- if no published data available an expert opinion and
personal database (if existing) were used for the species assessment.
There were complications in application of the IUCN
methodology at national level. For the future assessment
it is necessary to secure that the same methodology is
correctly applied at national levels and that the data are
comparable. This can be done through a training of national experts on using the IUCN methodology.
Taxonomic scope / Habitats categorisation
On the list there are 24 species that are not listed in Fauna
Europea. In addition to that a note on the species synonym is included for 9 species.
Major threats
Annex II – Vertigo angustior, V. geyeri, V. moulinsiana
Annex IV – Theodoxus prevostianus
Annex II and Annex IV – Anisus vorticulus, Bythinella pannonica, Drobacia banatica, Theodoxus transversalis, Unio crassus
Bithynia leachii is classified as DD (Data Deficient) due to
the fact that in the past the species was confused with B.
troschelii. Although there is Oxyloma dunkeri included in the
list and classified as LC, it is not confirmed that this species occurs in the Carpathians. Spelaeodiscus triarius needs
taxonomic revision and therefore is classified as DD.
There were several factors that have impact on the final
classification of the species status in the Carpathians. The
most important factor was lack of recent data on molluscs occurrence in the Carpathians and lack of experts
to consult the species status at the national level. To overcome these difficulties personal records of authors and
their expert opinion were applied in classification of species with absent data. Therefore the presented Red List
of Molluscs for Carpathians needs to be considered as a
draft list. To elaborate a list based on scientific knowledge
it is necessary to focus on research and data collecting.
It is also necessary to train national experts on applicati-
Red List Criteria. Overview of the status of molluscs ofthe Carpathians is in Table 1.
Main threats to mollusc species in the Carpathians are:
- logging and removing of dead wood from forests
(threatened are mainly species strictly or very much
bound to forests, e.g. Cochlodina fimbriata remota, Faustina rossmäessleri;
- changes in character of water bodies and sediments
(main threat to Theodoxus transversalis, T. danubialis, T.
prevostianus, Unio crassus);
- degradation of wetlands (e.g. Cochlicopa nitens);
- degradation of specific habitats, e.g. springs (genus
Bythinella sp.).
Conservation/conservation management
It is very important to regularly monitor the species, their population size and trends as well as quality of their
habitats. Priority should be given to species classified as
threatened (category CR, EN, and VU) and those of the
European and national importance.
As mentioned above the presented list is a draft based on
recently available data and knowledge that are in many
cases not sufficient for objective assessment. Future research should be focused also on collecting data necessary for the species classification according to the IUCN
BERAN, L. (2002). Aquatic molluscs of the Czech Republic – distribution and its changes, habitats, dispersal,
threat and protection, Red List. Sborník pҔírodovўdného klubu v Uh. Hradišti, Supplementum 10, 258 pp.
CUTTELOD, A., SEDDON, M. & NEUBERT, E. (2011).
European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
DELI, T. & SUBAI, P. (2011). Revision der Vitrea-Arten
der Südkarpaten Rumäniens mit Beschreibung einer
neuen Art (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Pristilomatidae).
Contrib. Nat. Hist. 19: 1–53.
DVOғÁKOVÁ, J., LOŽEK, V., HORSÁK, M. & PECHANEC, V.
(2011). Atlas rozšíҔení suchozemských plžҦ v CHKO
Bílé Karpaty. Acta Carpathica Occidentalis, Supplementum 1, 124 pp.
FALNIOWSKI, A., SZAROWSKA, M. & SIRBU, I. (2009). Bythinella Moquin-Tandon, 1856 (Gastropoda: Rissooidea: Bythinellidae) in Romania: its morphology with
description of four new species. Folia Malacol. 17:
33–48.
FEHÉR, Z., NÉMETH, L., NICOARъ, A. & SZEKERES, M.
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THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 167: 259-272.
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genera Lozekia Hudec, 1970 and Kovacsia Nordsieck,
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Table 1: Overview of the status of molluscs of the Carpathians
Taxon
Category
Criteria
Endemic to
Habitats
Bern
Note
Carpathians Directive Convention
Abida secale secale (Draparnaud, 1801)
DD
Acanthinula aculeata (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Acicula parcelineata (Clessin, 1911)
LC
Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Aegopinella epipedostoma (Fagot, 1879)
NT
VAVROVÁ, Ѽ. (2009). Ekosozologická typizácia malakofauny Slovenska s využitím GIS. Dizertaтná práca,
Ústav ekológie lesa SAV, Zvolen, 90 pp. + mapová príloha.
Aegopinella minor (Stabile, 1864)
LC
Agardhiella parreyssii armata (Clessin, 1887)
LC
WAGNER, J. (1942a). Malakozoologische Mitteilungen
aus den Ost-Karpaten. Fragmenta Faunistica Hungarica, 5: 30–31.
Agardhiella banatica (Zilch, 1958)
NT
WAGNER, J. (1942b). Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der
MolluskenFauna Siebenbürgens und des Partiums. Mathematikai és Természettudományi Értesítő, 61: 385399.
Agardhiella domokosi Subai, 2011
LC
Agardhiella grossui (Zilch, 1958)
NT
Agardhiella incerta Grossu, 1987
LC
Agardhiella lamellata (Clessin, 1887)
LC
WAGNER, J. (1943). Az 1942. évi erdélyi kutatóutak
malakológiai eredményei. Állattani Közlemények, 40:
35–49.
Agardhiella reinhardti (Zilch, 1958)
NT
Agardhiella serbica Subai, 2011
NT
Agardhiella tunde Deli, 2010
VU
Alinda (Alinda) biplicata (Montagu, 1803)
LC
Aegopinella nitens (Michaud, 1831)
LC
Aegopinella pura (Alder, 1830)
LC
Agardhiella parreyssii caesa (Westerlund, 1876)
LC
Agardhiella crassilabris (Grossu & Negrea, 1968)
NT
Alinda (Pseudalinda) stabilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1847)
LC
Alopia (Alopia) bielzii (L. Pfeiffer, 1849)
LC
YES
YES
YES
YES
D2
YES
Alopia (Alopia) bielzii bielzii (L. Pfeiffer, 1849)
LC
YES
Alopia (Alopia) bielzii clathrata (E.A. Bielz, 1856)
VU
YES
Alopia (Alopia) bielzii madensis (C. Fuss, 1855)
VU
YES
Alopia (Alopia) bielzii tenuis (E.A. Bielz, 1861)
DD
YES
Alopia (Alopia) bogatensis (E.A. Bielz, 1856)
NT
YES
Alopia (Alopia) canescens M. von Kimakowicz, 1883 LC
YES
Alopia (Alopia) fussi (M. von Kimakowicz, 1894)
NT
YES
Alopia glauca (Bielz, 1853)
NT
YES
Alopia (Alopia) glorifica (Charpentier, 1852)
LC
YES
Alopia (Alopia) helenae R. von Kimakowicz, 1928
LC
YES
Alopia (Alopia) hildegardae
NT
YES
Alopia (Alopia) lischkeana (Charpentier, 1852)
LC
YES
Alopia (Alopia) livida (Menke, 1828)
LC
YES
Alopia maciana Badarau & Szekeres, 2001
EN
B2aC(iv)
Alopia (Alopia) meschendorferi (E.A. Bielz, 1858)
VU
D2
R. von Kimakowicz, 1931
YES
Alopia (Alopia) nefasta (M. von Kimakowicz, 1894) NT
YES
Alopia (Alopia) nixa (M. von Kimakowicz, 1894)
NT
YES
Alopia petrensis Nordsieck, 1996
VU
synonym Alopia
fussi
108
D2
Alopia (Alopia) plumbea (Rossmässler, 1839)
LC
YES
Alopia soosiana Agócsy & Pócs, 1961
DD
YES
Alopia (Alopia) straminicollis (Charpentier, 1852)
LC
YES
Alopia (Alopia) subcosticollis (A. Schmidt, 1858)
LC
YES
Alopia (Alopia) zagani Szekeres, 1969
DD
YES
109
Taxon
Category
Criteria
Endemic to
Habitats
Bern
Note
Taxon
Category
Criteria
Carpathians Directive Convention
Alopia (Kimakowiczia) glauca (E.A. Bielz, 1853)
NT
Alopia (Kimakowiczia) pomatias (L. Pfeiffer, 1868)
VU
Alzoniella (Alzoniella) slovenica
VU
B2ac(i)(iii)
synonym Alopia
Bythinella dacica Grossu, 1946
NT
YES
Bythinella grossui Falniowski,
NT
YES
EN
B2ab(iii)
Bythinella pannonica (Frauenfeld, 1865)
LC
Bythinella radomanii Falniowski,
NT
Anisus (Anisus) leucostoma (Millet, 1813)
LC
Szarowska & Sirbu, 2009
Anisus (Anisus) septemgyratus (Rossmassler, 1835)
NT
Bythinella viseuiana Falniowski,
Anisus (Anisus) spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Szarowska & Sirbu, 2009
Anisus (Disculifer) vortex (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Bythinella blidariensis Gloer, 2013
Anisus (Disculifer) vorticulus (Troschel, 1834)
DD
Bythinella georgievi Gloer, 2013
VU
D2
YES
Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758)
NT
Bythinella falniowskii Gloer, 2013
VU
D2
YES
Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758)
NT
Bythinella feheri Gloer, 2013
VU
D2
YES
Aplexa hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Bythinella sirbui Gloer, 2013
VU
D2
YES
Argna bielzi (Rossmassler, 1859)
LC
Bythinella szarowskae Gloer, 2013
VU
D2
YES
Arianta aethiops aethiops (M. Bielz, 1851)
LC
Candidula unifasciata (Poiret, 1801)
DD
Carpathica (Carpathica) calophana
NT
LC
Arianta hessei (M. von Kimakowicz, 1883)
NT
Arion (Arion) lusitanicus J. Mabille, 1868
LC
II, IV
YES
VU
D2
YES
VU
D2
YES
synonym Arion
Carpathica stussineri (A.J.Wagner, 1895)
DD
Carychium (Carychium) minimum
LC
Arion (Arion) rufus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
O.F. Muller, 1774
Arion (Carinarion) circumscriptus Johnston, 1828
LC
Carychium (Saraphia) tridentatum (Risso, 1826)
LC
Arion (Carinarion) fasciatus (Nilsson, 1823)
LC
Causa holosericea (S. Studer, 1820)
NT
Arion hortensis Férussac, 1819
LC
Cecilioides (Cecilioides) acicula (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Arion (Carinarion) silvaticus Lohmander, 1937
LC
Cecilioides (Cecilioides) petitiana (Benoit, 1862)
DD
Arion (Kobeltia) distinctus J. Mabille, 1868
LC
Cellariopsis deubeli (A.J. Wagner, 1914)
LC
Arion (Mesarion) fuscus (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Cepaea (Austrotachea) vindobonensis
LC
Balea fallax (Rossmässler, 1836)
LC
(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
Balea jugularis (Vest, 1859)
LC
Cepaea (Cepaea) hortensis (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Balea perversa (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Cepaea (Cepaea) nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Balea viridana (Rossmässler, 1836)
LC
Clausilia (Andraea) dubia Draparnaud, 1805
LC
Bathyomphalus contortus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Clausilia (Clausilia) cruciata (S. Studer, 1820)
LC
LC
Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
DD
YES
in the past very
often
confused with
Clausilia (Clausilia) pumila C. Pfeiffer, 1828
LC
Clausilia (Clausilia) rugosa parvula
LC
Cochlicopa lubrica (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Cochlicopa lubricella (Rossmassler, 1834)
LC
LC
Cochlicopa nitens (M. von Gallenstein, 1848)
VU
Bithynia troschelii (Paasch, 1842)
DD
Cochlodina (Cochlodina) laminata (Montagu, 1803)
LC
Boettgerilla pallens Simroth, 1912
LC
Cochlodina (Paracochlodina) marisi
LC
Borysthenia naticina (Menke, 1845)
DD
(A. Schmidt, 1868)
Bulgarica (Strigilecula) cana (Held, 1836)
LC
Cochlodina (Paracochlodina) cerata
Bulgarica rugicollis (Rossmässler, 1836)
LC
(Rossmassler, 1836)
Bulgarica vetusta (Rossmässler, 1836)
LC
Cochlodina (Paracochlodina) orthostoma
Bithynia troschelii
LC
Bythinella calimanica Falniowski,
VU
Szarowska & Sirbu, 2009
YES
A. Ferussac, 1807
Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bythinella austriaca (Frauenfeld, 1857)
II, IV
YES
(Westerlund, 1881)
YES
vulgare
Bielzia coerulans (M. Bielz, 1851)
Note
YES
LC
Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bern
Szarowska & Sirbu, 2009
Bythinella molcsanyi H. Wagner, 1941
(Lozek & Brtek, 1964)
Ancylus fluviatilis O.F. Muller, 1774
Habitats
Carpathians Directive Convention
cyclostoma
110
Endemic to
B2ab(iii)
LC
LC
(Menke, 1828)
D2
YES
Cochlodina (Stabilea) fimbriata remota Lozek, 1952 VU
Columella aspera Walden, 1966
D2
DD
111
Taxon
Category
Criteria
Endemic to
Habitats
Bern
Note
Taxon
Category
Criteria
Carpathians Directive Convention
NT
Helicigona balcanica (Kobelt, 1875)
DD
Columella edentula (Draparnaud, 1805)
LC
Helicigona kiralikoeica (Kimakowicz, 1890)
VU
Corbicula fluminalis (O. F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Helicigona kollari (Pfeiffer, 1856)
DD
Daudebardia (Daudebardia) brevipes
LC
Helicigona trizona (Rossmässler, 1834)
LC
(Draparnaud, 1805)
DD
Daudebardia nana (Grossu, 1969)
DD
Daudebardia (Daudebardia) rufa (Draparnaud, 1805) LC
synonym D.
cavicola
Deroceras (Deroceras) agreste (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Helicodonta obvoluta (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Helicopsis cereoflava (M. Bielz, 1851)
LC
Helicopsis instabilis (Rossmässler, 1838)
LC
Helicopsis striata (Müller, 1774)
NT
Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758
LC
Helix (Helix) lutescens Rossmassler, 1837
LC
Deroceras (Liolytopelte) bureschi (H. Wagner, 1934) DD
Helix (Helix) pomatia Linnaeus, 1758
LC
Deroceras (Deroceras) laeve (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Herilla ziegleri (Kuster, 1845)
NT
Deroceras occidentale (Grossu & Lupu, 1966)
DD
Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Deroceras (Deroceras) praecox Wiktor, 1966
LC
Amphimelania holandrii (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
NT
Deroceras (Deroceras) reticulatum
LC
D2
Bern
Note
YES
III
synonym
Holandriana
(O.F. Muller, 1774)
holandrii
Deroceras (Deroceras) rodnae Grossu & Lupu, 1965 LC
Chondrina arcadica clienta (Westerlund, 1883)
LC
Deroceras (Deroceras) sturanyi (Simroth, 1894)
LC
Chondrina tatrica Lozek, 1948
NT
Deroceras (Deroceras) turcicum (Simroth, 1894)
LC
Mastus bielzi (M. von Kimakowicz, 1890)
LC
Deroceras zilchi Grossu, 1969
DD
Deroceras (Liolytopelte) moldavicum
LC
Chondrula tridens (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Isognomostoma isognomostomos (Schroter, 1784)
LC
Discus (Discus) ruderatus (W. Hartmann, 1821)
LC
Kovacsia kovacsi (Varga & L. Pinter, 1972)
LC
Discus (Gonyodiscus) perspectivus
LC
Laciniaria plicata (Draparnaud, 1801)
LC
(Megerle von Muhlfeld, 1816)
Discus (Gonyodiscus) rotundatus (O.F. Muller, 1774) LC
DD
Lehmannia horezia Grossu & Lupu, 1962
DD
LC
Lehmannia jaroslaviae Grossu, 1967
DD
Ena montana (Draparnaud, 1801)
LC
Lehmannia macroflagellata Grossu & Lupu, 1962
NT
Fagotia esperi (A. Férussac, 1823)
NT
Lehmannia marginata (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Eucobresia diaphana (Draparnaud, 1805)
DD
Lehmannia medioflagellata Lupu, 1968
DD
Eucobresia nivalis (Dumont & Mortillet, 1854)
DD
Lehmannia nyctelia (Bourguignat, 1861)
LC
Euconulus (Euconulus) fulvus (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Lehmannia valentiana (Férussac, 1822)
DD
Euconulus (Euconulus) praticola (Reinhardt, 1883)
LC
Lehmannia vrancensis Lupu, 1973
DD
Euomphalia strigella (Draparnaud, 1801)
LC
Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Faustina cingulella (Rossmassler, 1837)
VU B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803
LC
Faustina faustina (Rossmassler, 1835)
LC
Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758
LC
Faustina rossmaessleri (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
VU B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
LC
Fruticicola fruticum (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Lozekia deubeli (M. von Kimakowicz, 1890)
LC
Galba (Galba) truncatula (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Lozekia transsylvanica (Westerlund, 1876)
LC
Graciliaria inserta (A. & J.B. Villa, 1841)
DD
Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Granaria frumentum (Draparnaud, 1801)
LC
Macedonica frauenfeldi (Rossmässler, 1856)
LC
Gyraulus acronicus (A. Férussac, 1807)
DD
Macedonica marginata (Rossmässler, 1835)
LC
Gyraulus (Armiger) crista (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Macrogastra (Macrogastra) ventricosa
LC
Gyraulus (Gyraulus) albus (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Gyraulus (Torquis) laevis (Alder, 1838)
LC
Gyraulus riparius (Westerlund, 1865)
DD
II, IV
Laciniaria pseudostabilis (Westerlund, 1901)
Drobacia banatica (Rossmassler, 1838)
Gyraulus (Lamorbis) rossmaessleri (Auerswald, 1852) VU
synonym
Chondrula bielzi
(Grossu & Lupu, 1961)
112
Habitats
Carpathians Directive Convention
Columella columella (G. von Martens, 1830)
Daudebardia langi (Pfeiffer, 1846)
Endemic to
YES
(Draparnaud, 1801)
B2ab(iii)
Macrogastra (Pyrostoma) borealis (O. Boettger, 1878) LC
Macrogastra (Pyrostoma) borealis bielzi
LC
H. Nordsieck, 1993
113
Taxon
Category
Criteria
Endemic to
Habitats
Bern
Note
Taxon
Category
Criteria
LC
(Draparnaud, 1801)
DD
Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855
LC
Pisidium supinum A. Schmidt, 1851
LC
Malacolimax tenellus (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Pisidium tenuilineatum Stelfox, 1918
VU
Mastus transsylvanicus M. von Kimakowicz, 1883
LC
Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Mastus venerabilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1855)
LC
Planorbis (Planorbis) carinatus O.F. Muller, 1774
LC
Mediterranea depressa (Sterki, 1880)
LC
Planorbis (Planorbis) planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Mediterranea inopinata (Ulicny, 1887)
LC
Platyla banatica (Rossmässler, 1842)
LC
Platyla microsphira (Pini, 1884)
DD
synonym Esperiana
Platyla perpusilla (Reinhardt, 1880)
LC
daudebartii
Platyla polita (W. Hartmann, 1840)
LC
Platyla similis (Reinhardt, 1880)
LC
Merdigera obscura (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Fagotia (Microcolpia) daudebartii (Prevost, 1821)
NT
Monacha (Monacha) cartusiana (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Monachoides incarnatus (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Pomatias rivularis (Eichwald, 1829)
LC
Monachoides vicinus (Rossmassler, 1842)
LC
Prostenomphalia carpathica Baidashnikov, 1985
DD
Morlina glabra (Rossmassler, 1835)
LC
Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmassler, 1835)
VU
Musculium lacustre (O. F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Pseudofusulus varians (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
NT
Nesovitrea (Perpolita) hammonis (Strom, 1765)
LC
Pseudotrichia rubiginosa (Rossmassler, 1838)
LC
Nesovitrea (Perpolita) petronella (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
NT
Punctum (Punctum) pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801) LC
Oligolimax annularis (S. Studer, 1820)
LC
Pupilla (Pupilla) alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)
LC
Orcula dolium (Draparnaud, 1801)
LC
Pupilla (Pupilla) bigranata (Rossmassler, 1839)
LC
Orcula jetschini M. von Kimakowicz, 1883
LC
Pupilla (Pupilla) muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Oxychilus (Oxychilus) cellarius (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871)
DD
Oxychilus (Oxychilus) draparnaudi (H. Beck, 1837)
LC
Pupilla (Pupilla) sterrii (Voith, 1840)
VU
Schistophallus (Schistophallus) oscari
DD
Pupilla (Pupilla) triplicata (S. Studer, 1820)
LC
Pyramidula pusilla (Vallot, 1801)
LC
LC
Quickella arenaria (Potiez & Michaud, 1835)
EN
Oxyloma dunkeri (Pfeiffer, 1865)
LC
Radix ampla (W. Hartmann, 1821)
LC
Pagodulina pagodula (Des Moulins, 1830)
DD
Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Perforatella bidentata (Gmelin, 1791)
LC
Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Perforatella dibothrion (M. von Kimakowicz, 1884)
LC
Radix labiata (Rossmassler, 1835)
LC
(M. von Kimakowicz, 1883)
114
Pisidium pulchellum Jenyns, 1832
Macrogastra (Pyrostoma) tumida (Rossmassler, 1836) LC
Oxyloma (Oxyloma) elegans (Risso, 1826)
Petasina (Edentiella) bakowskii (Polinski, 1924)
LC
Petasina (Filicinella) bielzi (E.A. Bielz, 1859)
LC
Petasina (Filicinella) filicina (L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
VU
D2
Habitats
Bern
Note
Carpathians Directive Convention
Carpathians Directive Convention
Macrogastra (Pyrostoma) plicatula
Endemic to
Ruthenica filograna (Rossmassler, 1836)
LC
synonym Trochulus
Ruthenica gallinae (E. A. Bielz, 1861)
DD
bielzi
Segmentina nitida (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Semilimacella bonelli (Targioni Tozzetti, 1873)
LC
D2
A2ace+A4ace
B1a(i)b(iii)
B1+2ab(iii)
Petasina (Petasina) unidentata (Draparnaud, 1805)
LC
Semilimax kotulae (Westerlund, 1883)
NT
Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
NT
Semilimax semilimax (J. Ferussac, 1802)
LC
Pisidium amnicum (O. F. Muller, 1774)
NT
Soosia diodonta (A. Ferussac, 1821)
NT
Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791)
LC
Spelaeodiscus triarius (Rossmässler, 1839)
DD
taxon revision is
Pisidium globulare Westerlund, 1873
DD
Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard, 1823)
LC
Spelaeodiscus (Aspasita) triarius tatricus
DD
taxon revision
Pisidium hibernicum Westerlund, 1894
LC
Pisidium milium Held, 1836
LC
Pisidium moitessierianum Paladilhe, 1866
VU
Pisidium nitidum Jenyns, 1832
LC
Pisidium obtusale (Lamarck, 1818)
Pisidium personatum Malm, 1855
Pisidium pseudosphaerium J. Favre, 1927
VU
needed
(Hazay, 1883)
is needed
Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Sphaerium nucleus (Studer, 1820)
DD
Sphaerium ovale (A. Férussac, 1807)
LC
LC
Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck, 1818)
NT
LC
Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguiere, 1792)
LC
Stagnicola corvus (Gmelin, 1791)
LC
B2ab(iii)
D2
115
Taxon
Category
Criteria
Endemic to
Habitats
Bern
Note
Taxon
Category
Carpathians Directive Convention
Endemic to
Habitats
Bern
Note
Carpathians Directive Convention
Stagnicola palustris (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Vestia (Vestia) turgida (Rossmassler, 1836)
LC
Succinea putris (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Vitrea botterii (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
LC
Succinella oblonga (Draparnaud, 1801)
LC
Vitrea contracta (Westerlund, 1871)
LC
Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay, 1880)
LC
Vitrea crystallina (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Tandonia rustica (Millet, 1843)
DD
Vitrea diaphana (S. Studer, 1820)
LC
Terrestribythinella baidashnikovi Sitnokova,
VU
D2
Vitrea erjaveci (Brusina, 1870)
LC
VU
B2b(i,iii,iv,v)
Vitrea jetschini (Kimakowicz, 1890)
LC
Starobogatov & V. Anistratenko, 1992
Theodoxus danubialis (Pfeiffer, 1828)
Criteria
synonym Vitrea
diaphana erjaveci
Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Theodoxus prevostianus (Pfeiffer, 1828)
CR A4,B1, B2ab(iii,iv)
Theodoxus (Theodoxus) transversalis
EN
B2ab(iii)
Vitrea subcarinata (Clessin, 1877)
LC
IV
Vitrea subrimata (Reinhardt, 1871)
LC
II, IV
Vitrea szekeresi Deli & Subai, 2011
LC
Vitrea transsylvanica (Clessin, 1877)
LC
(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
Troglovitrea argintarui Negrea & Riedel, 1968
VU
Vitrina pellucida (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Trochulus bielzi (A. Schmidt, 1860)
LC
Viviparus acerosus Bourguignat, 1862
LC
Trochulus (Plicuteria) lubomirskii (Slosarski, 1881)
LC
Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813)
LC
Trochulus (Trochulus) hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Trochulus (Trochulus) striolatus danubialis
LC
Xerocampylaea zelebori (Pfeiffer, 1853)
LC
Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828)
LC
Trochulus (Trochulus) villosulus (Rossmassler, 1838) LC
Zebrina detrita (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Truncatellina callicratis (Scacchi, 1833)
Zonitoides (Zonitoides) nitidus (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
D2
YES
(Clessin, 1874)
DD
Truncatellina claustralis (Gredler, 1856)
LC
Truncatellina costulata (Nilsson, 1823)
NT
Truncatellina cylindrica (A. Ferussac, 1807)
LC
Truncatellina opisthodon (Reinhardt, 1879)
DD
Unio crassus Philipson, 1788
EN
Unio pictorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Unio tumidus Philipson, 1788
NT
Urticicola umbrosus (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
LC
Vallonia costata (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Vallonia declivis Sterki, 1893
DD
Vallonia enniensis (Gredler, 1856)
NT
Vallonia excentrica Sterki, 1893
LC
Vallonia pulchella (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Valvata (Cincinna) piscinalis (O.F. Muller, 1774)
LC
Valvata (Tropidina) macrostoma Morch, 1864
EN
Valvata (Valvata) cristata O.F. Muller, 1774
LC
Vertigo (Vertigo) alpestris Alder, 1838
LC
Vertigo (Vertigo) antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
LC
Vertigo (Vertigo) geyeri Lindholm, 1925
NT
YES
A2ace
II, IV
B2ab(iii, iv)
II
Vertigo (Vertigo) modesta arctica (Wallenberg, 1858) LC
116
Vertigo (Vertigo) moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849)
NT
Vertigo (Vertigo) pusilla O.F. Muller, 1774
LC
Vertigo (Vertigo) pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801)
LC
Vertigo (Vertigo) substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
LC
Vertigo (Vertilla) angustior Jeffreys, 1830
LC
Vestia (Vestia) elata (Rossmassler, 1836)
LC
Vestia (Vestia) gulo (E.A. Bielz, 1859)
LC
II
II
117
RED LIST OF SPIDERS (ARANEAE)
OF THE CARPATHIAN MTS.
Compiled by Peter Gajdoš (Slovakia)
Authors / Contributors: Peter Gajdoš (Slovakia), Liviu Aurel Moscaliuc (Romania), Robert Rozwałka
(Poland), Anna Hirna (Ukraine), Zdeněk Majkus (Czech Republic), András Gubányi, Miklós Gábor
Heltai (Hungary), Jaroslav Svatoň (Czech Republic, Slovakia)
Introduction
Methods of Assessments
Spiders, as an integral part of global biodiversity, are very
important component of almost all ecosystems where
they play many important roles as predators and sources
of food for other creatures. Spiders as a group are used as
bio-indicators of environmental quality or in rapid biodiversity measurement. Many spider species are dependent
on original natural ecosystems and their primary threat
is habitat loss and degradation caused mainly by human
activities and factors as urban development, land-use management, pollution, introduction of alien species, collection in some cases, etc. There are also groups of spiders
which are threatened; however, data on their species are
very poor or absolutely missing. In spite of above mentioned facts, spiders receive relatively little attention from the
conservation community. Considering the high diversity
of species presented by 44 450 described species in the
world (PLATNICK 2014), only 32 spider species are listed
in global Red List of IUCN (IUCN 2013) and only 1 of
them lives in the Carpathians (Dolomedes plantarius VU).
The following four steps were used to process the existing
data on spider species (class Arachnida: order Araneae)
present in the Carpathian region in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia:
Red list assessments of the European spider fauna with 4
913 described species (HELSDINGEN 2013) are not elaborated yet and only Red lists of some European countries
are published. Considering Carpathian countries, the Red
Lists exist in the Czech Republic (BUCHAR, RUŽIсKA 2002
and 2005), Poland (STARћGA at al. 2002), and Slovakia
(GAJDOŠ, SVATO҄ 1993, GAJDOŠ et al. 1999 and GAJDOŠ,
SVATO҄ 2001). There also is the Red Book of Ukraine
Carpathians with one spider Carpathonesticus galotshkai
red listed (EVTUSHENKO 2011) and the red book of former Czechoslovakia with 30 listed spider species (BUCHAR
1992). Few species have a legal protection safeguarded; in
Hungary (15 species, only one from Carpathians), in Poland (7 species, including four found in Carpathian Mts.)
and Slovakia (15 species, 13 from Carpathians). Considering the whole Carpathian Mountains, there is only the
Carpathian List of Endangered Species (WITKOWSKI et al.
2003) which includes spiders very marginally. It lists only
17 species in total and with many incorrect data.
118
1. Documenting spider fauna in the studied Carpathian
Mts. Any data available were used, literature sources
(see literature), spider collections in museums, individually owned databases and also own unpublished
data. (In order to find out whether the species belongs
to the Carpathians, an intersection of GIS layer of
orographic units and a point GIS layer of studied sites
was carried out.)
2. Preparing the national Carpathian Red Lists by experts
from individual Carpathian countries. All the spider
species recorded in the Carpathian part of individual
countries were evaluated according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2013) and classified as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near
Threatened (NT), Least Concern (LC) and Data deficient (DD).
3. Uploading of data in the specifically designed online
database for the purposes of BioREGIO Carpathians
project. National data were entered into database as
well as submitted in an Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
4. Preparing the whole Carpathian Red List. All the
1 067 spider species documented in the Carpathian
orogeographic units were evaluated according to the
listing in the national red lists, taking into consideration the IUCN criteria for higher (Carpathian) level.
The taxa in categories VU, EN, CR, RE, were selected
as a basis for elaboration of the draft Carpathian Red
List. Final categorisation (VU, EN, CR, RE) of the
threatened species on Carpathian level was done on
the basis of common consultations and discussions
of the project partners. Check list and also Red List of
the Serbian Carpathians was developed based on data
from a monograph “The spiders of Serbia” (DELTSHEV et al. 2003).
For project purposes, the species nomenclature of Fauna
Europaea was used. As this nomenclature does not accept new trends in taxonomy, the Platnick nomenclature
(2014) - version 14.5 is listed in the Table 1. as well. Some
species were synonymised (brown highlighted row).
The aim was to provide a baseline dataset and information describing the conservation status of the species from
the order Araneae occurring in the Carpathian Mts. in
seven Carpathian countries and which can be used for
conservation purposes on local as well as regional level.
Endemism of Araneae in the Carpathians
Altogether 49 endemic species were found in the Carpathians (4.59% of 1 067) (Table 1). The majority of
“endemic species” is concentrated in Romania (41 species), many of them are East Carpathian endemic species.
From habitat type point of view, many endemic species in
the Carpathians occur in underground habitats, namely in
caves, mining tunnels, etc. In Western Carpathians a few
endemic species live in subalpine zone of the High Tatras
Mts. (e.g. Mecynargus longus, Mughiphantes varians, Walckenaeria suspecta, etc). In Romania, the Carpathian endemic
species are mostly the representatives of two families:
Nesticidae and Linyphiidae, the list being completed by
a locally distributed subspecies of Nemesia (Nemesiidae).
The Nesticidae are highly specialized cave inhabitants
(Nesticus and Carpathonesticus) that seem to be separated
in different mountain ranges by geographical isolation
and also by minute differences in ecological preferences
(DUҙ & DUMA 2013). That concerns the following genera
especially: 11 Carpathonesticus species and 9 Nesticus species
(PLATNICK 2014), the South Carpathians appear to be their
speciation centre. The Linyphiidae are represented by 18
species, most of them forest dwellers, a few cave dwellers
(Troglohyphantes) and also species of the high mountains
like Tenuiphantes fogarasensis (WEISS, 1986). Around half
of them are data deficient, needing sustained further research into their biology and ecology. There is also one
species with doubtful existence: Ceratinella marcui Rosca,
1932 that was not found after its description and whose
type specimens are missing. The most recently described
endemic Linyphiid spider is Scutpelecopsis loricata DUMA &
TANASEVITCH, 2011, known to exist only in a very small
area. Two populations appear to have been sampled, the
distance between the points being of approximately 27
km. Other endemic subspecies from family Nemesiidae
Nemesia pannonica coheni FUHN & POLENEC, 1967 is a rare
and little known Mediterranean soil dweller that has been
Results
Altogether 1 067 spider taxa (ca 21.72% of 4 913 European species) were found in seven Carpathian countries
(CZ, HU, PL, RO, RS, SK, UA). The level of knowledge
on spiders in individual Carpathian countries is different.
The best data are from Slovakia (the SK Carpathian dataset listed more than 95 thousands spider records from
about 4000 localities and from 85 orographic units, Slovakian Carpathians are divided into 86 orographic units).
The highest richness of spider fauna is documented from
Slovak, Czech, Romanian and Poland Carpathians (929,
671, 619 and 570 species, respectively). 386 species were
recorded in the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains. There
are less data available from Hungarian and Serbian Carpathians (182 and 203 species). In summary, the following
numbers of taxa were listed under the categories RE?,
CR, EN, and VU in the National Red Lists: 0 (HU), 14
(UA), 15 (RS), 25 (RO), 86 (PL), 170 (CZ) and 200 species
(SK) (Table 1).
Altogether 185 species (from 1 067 assessed) were included in the Carpathian Red List in categories VU, EN, CR,
RE?. Out of them, 129 threatened species are listed in
category VU, 43 species in category EN, 8 species in category CR and 5 species in category RE? (not recorded for
more than 50 years), Table 1, 2.
Table 1: Number of species recorded in the Carpathians in individual countries and number of species recorded in national and wholeCarpathian Red Lists
Species
Species total
RE?
CR
EN
VU
Total
DD
LC
NT
NE
Total
CZ
671
671
3
28
73
66
170
44
9
63
HU
180+1+?
181
PL
568+2
570
0
20
35
31
86
174
7
33
286
181
119
RO
601+18
619
1
24
25
49
277
13
364
SK
903+26
929
13
27
68
94
200
54
28
72
5
361
RS
193+10
203
1
9
5
15
29
44
UA
383+3
386
1
3
10
14
47
5
14
Carp.
1042+25
1067
5
8
43
129
185
63
95
118
80
461
119
found in the warm habitats of the mountains around the
Danube’s gorges.
All these species are in need of further in-depth research
into their habits and of efficient long term management
of the natural habitats in the area that they occur in, in order to increase the long term residence of the species; habitat conservation is a “sine qua non” condition for protecting valuable taxa, even more so when their biology is
mostly unknown. Special attention should be given to the
scientific exploration of the underground environments
in the Carpathians, there being a good possibility of new
scientific findings and care should be given to any proposal of development of tourism infrastructure in the caves
in the area in order not to modify or destroy valuable and
vulnerable habitats.
Main threats
For most of the red listed species:
– Habitat loss/degradation (afforestation of many forest areas, decreasing of area of virgin forests, changes
in land use, agriculture intensification, abandonment
of traditional management, of grass cutting and grazing and following succession leading to overgrowing
by shrubs and trees, wetland degradation, etc.);
– Air and water pollution;
– Use of insecticides.
For some species:
Restricted range, low densities, limited dispersal.
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ԼԵԷԾՂՀԾ ԽԾ Ա ԸԽԸ ԒԾԴԾԴ Ի ԽԾ-ԒԵՀ ԾԲԸԽՁ ԺԾԳԾ
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(Aranei)
ԚՀԿՂՁԺԾԳԾ
ԱԸԾՁ ԵՀԽԾԳԾ
ԷԿԾԲԵԴԽԸԺ [To the study of the spider (Aranei) fauna of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve] // ԟՀ. Խ Ժ.
ԺԾԽ . ԔԾԽ. Խ . Խ-Ղ Է Կ ԴՁ ԼԺԼԸ Խ Ժ.-ԴԾՁԻ Դ.
ՀԾԱԾՂԸ Է ԿԵՀ ԾԴ 1999-2000 ՀՀ (18-20 ԺԲ ՂԽ 2001
ՀԾԺ ). – ԔԾԽԵ Ժ [Donetsk], p. 15-16.
PROKOPENKO, YE.V. (2001b). Ԛ ԸԷ ԵԽԸ
Խ
Կ ԺԾԲ
(Aranei)
ԚՀԿՂՁԺԾԳԾ
ԱԸԾՁ ԵՀԽԾԳԾ
ԷԿԾԲԵԴԽԸԺ [To the study of the spider (Aranei) fauna of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve] // Ԝ ԶԽՀ.
Խ Ժ.-ԿՀԺՂ. ԺԾԽ . «ԓԾՀԸ Ի ԴԸ». – Ԡ Բ [Rachiv],
2002 - p. 448-452.
PROKOPENKO, YE.V. (2003). Ԛ ԸԷ ԵԽԸ ՀԽԵԾ Խ
ԚՀԿՂ [To the study of the araneofauna of Carpathians] // ԢԵԷ. ԴԾԿ. ԇV Է’ ԷԴ ԣԺՀ. ԵԽՂԾԼԾԻԾԳ. Ղ-Բ
(ԑ Ի ԦԵՀԺԲ, 2003). – ԑ Ի ԦԵՀԺԲ [Bila Tserkva], p.
91-92.
PROKOPENKO, YE.V. & CHUMAK, V.A. (2007).
ԟՀԾԺԾԿԵԽԺԾ ԕ.Ԓ., ԧ ԼԺ Ԓ.Ԑ. ԐԽԽԾՂԸՀԾԲԽԽ Թ
ՁԿԸՁԾԺ Կ ԺԾԲ (Araneae) ԚՀԿՂՁԺԾԳԾ ԱԸԾՁ ԵՀԽԾԳԾ
ԷԿԾԲԵԴԽԸԺ Ը ԺՀԿՂՁԺԾԳԾ Խ ԸԾԽԻ ԽԾԳԾ
ԿՀԸՀԾԴԽԾԳԾ ԿՀԺ [An annoteted list of the spiders
(Araneae) of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and
the Carpathian National Nature Park] // ԘԷԲ. ԥՀ Ժ.
ԽՂԾԼԾԻ. ԾԱ-Բ [The Kharkov Entomological Society
Gazette]. – 2006 (2007). – Ԣ. 14. – 1, 2. – p. 201-218.
LEGOTAY, M. & TARASYUK, H. (1964). ԛԵԳԾՂԹ Ԝ.Ԓ.,
ԢՀՁ Ժ ԓ. Ԕ. ԭԺԾԻԾԳԸ ԵՁԺԾԵ ՀՁԿՀԵԴԵԻԵԽԸԵ
Հ ԽԾ Խ ԟՀԸԺՀԿՂ // ԭԺԾԻ. ԽՁԵԺԾԼ
Ը ԴՀ. ԽԷԵԼԽ
ԱԵՁԿԾԷԲԾԽԾ Խ
ԡԾԲ. ԚՀԿՂ:
ԜՂԵՀ. ԼԵԶԲ ԷԾԲՁԺ. ԺԾԽ . (ԾԺՂ. 1964). – ԣԶԳԾՀԾԴ:
ԣԶԳԾՀԾԴՁԺ. Խ-Ղ, ԗԺՀԿՂՁԺ. ԸԻ. ԒԭԞ, 1964. – p.
54-59.
ROнCA, A. (1930). Contributiuni la cunoasterea Arachnoidelor din Bucovina. Buletinul Facultatii de Stiinte
din Cernauti, IV (2): 201–219.
MELESHUK, L., FEDORIAK, M. & SKILSKIJ, ԇ. (2009).
ԜԵԻԵ Ժ ԛ., ԤԵԴԾՀ Ժ Ԝ., ԡԺԸԻ ՁԺԸԹ Ԙ. 2009.
ԟՀԵԴԲՀԸՂԵԻ Խ Ե ՁԲԵԴԵԽԸ Ծ Կ Ժ (Araneae) ԸԷ
ԳԽԵԷԴ ԴԵԽԴՀԾ ԸԻ Խ
ԿՂԸ ՀԵԳԸԾԽ ԣԺՀԸԽՁԺԸ
ԚՀԿՂ // “Diversitatea, valorificaea rationala si protectia lumii animale”: Simpoz. intern. consacrat din ziua
nasterii prof. univ. Andrei Munteanu (2009; Chisinau).
Chisinau: I.E.P. Stiinta, p. 202-205.
WAJGIEL, L. (1874). Pajќczaki galicyjskie (Arachnoidea
Haliciae). – KoХomyja, 36 pp.
WAJGIEL, L. (1868). Spis pajэków // Sprawozdanie Komisyi fizyograficznej c.k. Towarzystwa naukowego Krakowskiego: MateryaХy do fizyografii Galicyi. – Kraków,
T. 2: 153-155.
NOWICKI, M. (1870). Zapiski faunicze // Sprawozdanie
Komisyi fizyograficznej c.k. Towarzystwa naukowego
Krakowskiego: MateryaХy do fizyografii Galicyi. – Kraków, 1870. – T. 4. – p. 1-30.
OVTCHINNIKOV, S. V. (1999). ԞԲ ԸԽԽԸԺԾԲ ԡ. Ԓ. Ԛ
ԽԴԲԸԴԾԲԾԹ ՁԸՁՂԵԼՂԸԺԵ Կ ԺԾԲ ԿԾԴՁԵԼԵԹՁՂԲ Coelotinae Խ Ա Բ ԵԳԾ ԡԡԡԠ [On the supraspecific systematics of the subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae,
Amaurobiidae) in the former USSR fauna] // TETHYS
Entomological Research. – 1999. – №1. – p. 63-80.
POLOZHENTSEV, P.A. & AKIMTSEVA, N.A. (1980). ԟ ԺԸ
131
Table 2: Araneae in the Carpathians and their IUCN regional Red List categories (RL) and criteria (Crit) in particular Carpathian
countries and for the whole Carpathian Mts.
132
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
CZ RL
Atypus affinis Eichwald, 1830
Atypus muralis Bertkau, 1890
Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776)
Nemesia pannonica coheni Fuhn & Polenec, 1967
Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802)
Protoleptoneta bulgarica Deltshev, 1972
Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871)
Pholcus alticeps Spassky, 1932
Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781)
Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)
Pholcus ponticus Thorell, 1875
Psilochorus simoni (Berland, 1911)
Segestria bavarica C.L.Koch, 1843
Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790)
Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dasumia canestrinii (L. Koch, 1876)
Atypidae
Atypidae
Atypidae
Nemesiidae
Scytodidae
Leptonetidae
Pholcidae
Pholcidae
Pholcidae
Pholcidae
Pholcidae
Pholcidae
Segestriidae
Segestriidae
Segestriidae
Dysderidae
55651
55652
55653
62539
65273
60168
63827
63833
63856
63859
63860
63870
65281
65284
65290
56776
Atypus affinis Eichwald, 1830
Atypus muralis Bertkau, 1890
Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776)
Nemesia pannonica coheni Fuhn & Polenec, 1967
Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802)
Protoleptoneta bulgarica Deltshev, 1972
Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871)
Pholcus alticeps Spassky, 1932
Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781)
Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)
Pholcus ponticus Thorell, 1875
Psilochorus simoni (Berland, 1911)
Segestria bavarica C.L.Koch, 1843
Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790)
Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dasumia canestrinii (L. Koch, 1876)
NT
VU
1
Dasumia carpatica (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Dysdera crocota C.L.Koch, 1838
Dysdera dubrovninnii Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988
Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802)
Dysdera erythrina lantosquensis Simon, 1882
Dysdera hungarica Kulczyҁski, 1897
Dysdera longirostris Doblika, 1853
Dysdera ninnii Canestrini, 1868
Dysdera taurica Charitonov 1956
Harpactea hombergi (Scopoli, 1763)
Harpactea lepida (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Harpactea rubicunda (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Harpactea saeva (Herman, 1879)
Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1891
Ero aphana (Walckenaer, 1802)
Ero cambridgei Kulczyҁski, 1911
Ero furcata (Villers, 1789)
Ero tuberculata (De Geer, 1778)
Eresus kollari Rossi, 1846
Eresus moravicus ғezáт, 2008
Hyptiotes paradoxus (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806
Carpathonesticus avrigensis Weiss & Heimer, 1982
Carpathonesticus biroi (Kulczyҁski, 1895)
Carpathonesticus cibiniensis (Weiss, 1981)
Carpathonesticus fodinarum (Kulczyn‘ski, 1894)
Carpathonesticus galotshkai Evtushenko, 1993
Carpathonesticus hungaricus (Chyzer, 1894)
Carpathonesticus lotriensis Weiss, 1983
Carpathonesticus paraavrigensis Weiss & Heimer, 1982
Carpathonesticus puteorum (Kulczyn‘ski, 1894)
Carpathonesticus racovitzai (Dumitrescu, 1980)
Carpathonesticus simoni (Fage, 1931)
Carpathonesticus spelaeus (Szombathy, 1917)
Nesticus balacescui Dumitrescu, 1979
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Dysderidae
Oonopidae
Mimetidae
Mimetidae
Mimetidae
Mimetidae
Eresidae
Eresidae
Uloboridae
Uloboridae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
56777
56821
56824
56832
56830
56856
56874
56890
56941
56991
56998
57011
57013
62732
62349
62350
62352
62354
57197
57198
67314
67321
62567
62568
62570
62571
62572
62573
62574
62576
62578
62579
62580
62581
62585
Dasumia carpatica (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Dysdera crocota C.L.Koch, 1838
Dysdera dubrovninnii Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988
Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802)
Dysdera erythrina lantosquensis Simon, 1882
Dysdera hungarica Kulczyҁski, 1897
Dysdera longirostris Doblika, 1853
Dysdera ninnii Canestrini, 1868
Dysdera taurica Charitonov 1956
Harpactea hombergi (Scopoli, 1763)
Harpactea lepida (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Harpactea rubicunda (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Harpactea saeva (Herman, 1879)
Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1891
Ero aphana (Walckenaer, 1802)
Ero cambridgei Kulczyҁski, 1911
Ero furcata (Villers, 1789)
Ero tuberculata (De Geer, 1778)
Eresus kollari Rossi, 1846
Eresus moravicus ғezáт, 2008
Hyptiotes paradoxus (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806
Carpathonesticus avrigensis Weiss & Heimer, 1982
Carpathonesticus biroi (Kulczyҁski, 1895)
Carpathonesticus cibiniensis (Weiss, 1981)
Carpathonesticus fodinarum (Kulczyn‘ski, 1894)
Carpathonesticus galotshkai Evtushenko, 1993
Carpathonesticus hungaricus (Chyzer, 1894)
Carpathonesticus lotriensis Weiss, 1983
Carpathonesticus paraavrigensis Weiss & Heimer, 1982
Carpathonesticus puteorum (Kulczyn‘ski, 1894)
Carpathonesticus racovitzai (Dumitrescu, 1980)
Carpathonesticus simoni (Fage, 1931)
Carpathonesticus spelaeus (Szombathy, 1917)
Nesticus balacescui Dumitrescu, 1979
HU RL PL RL
CR
Crit
RO RL
Crit SK RL
A1c; B2a; C2ai; D
A1c; B2a; C2ai; D
NT
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
EN
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
EN
1
1
VU
DD
CR
1
1
EN
B1; D
1
VU
LC
VU
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
EN
1
VU
NT
EN
DD
CR
VU
1
1
LC
NT
D2
1
LC
LC
1
LC
B1, B2a; D2
1
1
DD
LC
LC
DD
NT
VU
NT
1
1
1
1
1
NT
DD
DD
1
1
DD
1
LC
1
1
LC
1?
1
LC
1
1
LC
LC
NT
EN
DD
EN
1
1
1
VU
1
1
EN
1
VU
DD
DD
1
LC
B2a,b,C2b,D1
DD
DD
DD
DD
B2a,b,C2b,D1
1
C2a
DD
1
DD
DD
1
DD
DD
B2a,b, C2a
B2a,b, C2a
1
D2
VU
VU
VU
DD
NT
NT
VU
NT
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
LC
1
1
CR
Crit
D2
D2
D2
D2
B2a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
x
NT
VU
LC
LC
x
VU
DD
DD
LC
VU
DD
VU
DD
VU
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NT
DD
NT
LC
LC
DD
NT
VU
NT
VU
VU
VU
DD
NT
NT
VU
NT
VU
133
134
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Nesticus carpaticus Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757)
Nesticus cellulanus affinis Kulczyn‘ski, 1894
Nesticus cernensis Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus constantinescui Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus diaconui Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus ionescui Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus orghidani Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus plesai Dumitrescu, 1980
Nesticus wiehlei Dumitrescu, 1979
Asagena meridionalis Kulczyҁski, 1894
Asagena phalerata (Panzer, 1801)
Crustulina guttata (Wider, 1834)
Crustulina sticta (O.P.-Cambridge, 1861)
Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834)
Dipoena braccata (C.L.Koch, 1841)
Dipoena convexa (Blackwall, 1870)
Dipoena coracina (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Dipoena erythropus (Simon, 1881)
Dipoena melanogaster (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Dipoena nigroreticulata (Simon, 1879)
Dipoena torva (Thorell, 1875)
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Nesticidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
62588
62590
62589
62591
62592
62593
62598
62604
62605
62608
66245
66246
66255
66257
66260
66262
66263
66264
66266
66271
66272
66277
Nesticus carpaticus Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757)
Nesticus cellulanus affinis Kulczyn‘ski, 1894
Nesticus cernensis Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus constantinescui Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus diaconui Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus ionescui Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus orghidani Dumitrescu, 1979
Nesticus plesai Dumitrescu, 1980
Nesticus wiehlei Dumitrescu, 1979
Asagena meridionalis Kulczyҁski, 1894
Asagena phalerata (Panzer, 1801)
Crustulina guttata (Wider, 1834)
Crustulina sticta (O.P.-Cambridge, 1861)
Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834)
Dipoena braccata (C.L.Koch, 1841)
Lasaeola convexa (Blackwall, 1870)
Dipoena coracina (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Dipoena erythropus (Simon, 1881)
Dipoena melanogaster (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Dipoena nigroreticulata (Simon, 1879)
Dipoena torva (Thorell, 1875)
Enoplognatha caricis (Fickert, 1876)
Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982
Enoplognatha mordax (Thorell, 1875)
Enoplognatha oelandica (Thorell, 1875)
Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757)
Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833)
Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836)
Episinus maculipes Cavana, 1876
Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809
Euryopis flavomaculata (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Euryopis laeta (Westring, 1861)
Euryopis quinqueguttata Thorell, 1875
Euryopis saukea Levi, 1951
Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum (Simon, 1873)
Lasaeola prona (Menge, 1868)
Lasaeola tristis (Hahn, 1833)
Neottiura bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1767)
Neottiura suaveolens (Simon, 1879)
Ohlertidion ohlerti (Thorell, 1870)
Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall, 1834)
Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757)
Parasteatoda simulans (Thorell, 1875)
Parasteatoda tabulata (Levi, 1980)
Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C.L.Koch, 1841)
Pholcomma gibbum (Westring, 1851)
Phycosoma inornatum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1861)
Phylloneta impressum L. Koch, 1881
Phylloneta sisyphia (Clerck, 1757)
Platnickina tincta (Walckenaer, 1802)
Robertus arundineti (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Robertus frivaldszkyi (Chyzer, 1894)
Robertus lividus (Blackwall, 1836)
Robertus neglectus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Robertus scoticus Jackson, 1914
Robertus truncorum (L.Koch, 1872)
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
66287
66292
66297
66299
66300
66307
66311
66313
66316
66321
66324
66328
66329
66334
66338
66340
66351
66354
66357
66361
66363
66364
66362
66365
66367
66370
66371
66373
66375
66379
66382
66386
66391
66392
66393
Enoplognatha caricis (Fickert, 1876)
Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982
Enoplognatha mordax (Thorell, 1875)
Enoplognatha oelandica (Thorell, 1875)
Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757)
Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833)
Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836)
Episinus maculipes Cavana, 1876
Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809
Euryopis flavomaculata (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Euryopis laeta (Westring, 1861)
Euryopis quinqueguttata Thorell, 1875
Euryopis saukea Levi, 1951
Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum (Simon, 1873)
Lasaeola prona (Menge, 1868)
Lasaeola tristis (Hahn, 1833)
Neottiura bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1767)
Neottiura suaveolens (Simon, 1879)
Ohlertidion ohlerti (Thorell, 1870)
Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall, 1834)
Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757)
Parasteatoda simulans (Thorell, 1875)
Parasteatoda tabulata (Levi, 1980)
Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C.L.Koch, 1841)
Pholcomma gibbum (Westring, 1851)
Phycosoma inornatum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1861)
Phylloneta impressa (L.Koch, 1881)
Phylloneta sisyphia (Clerck, 1757)
Platnickina tincta (Walckenaer, 1802)
Robertus arundineti (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Robertus frivaldszkyi (Chyzer, 1894)
Robertus lividus (Blackwall, 1836)
Robertus neglectus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Robertus scoticus Jackson, 1914
Robertus truncorum (L.Koch, 1872)
CZ RL
HU RL PL RL
1
1
1
Crit
1
LC
1
VU
VU
CR
1
VU
VU
VU
LC
VU
VU
VU
D2
D2
D2
1
LC
DD
DD
B1, B2a; D
DD
LC
DD
1
DD
1
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
1
1
CR
LC
1
B2a; D
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
NT
LC
VU
D2
LC
LC
VU
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
Crit SK RL
VU
LC
1
1
DD
1
1
EN
EN
VU
NT
VU
1
1
1
RO RL
LC
B1
LC
LC
LC
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
LC
1
1
1
1
Crit
1
1
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
D2
D2
D2
CR
1
1
VU
1
1
1
LC
1
CR
VU
DD
1
EN
EN
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
LC
1
NT
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B1a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x
VU
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
VU
VU
VU
LC
VU
VU
VU
EN
NT
DD
VU
VU
DD
DD
VU
VU
EN
NT
VU
NT
VU
NT
135
136
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Robertus ungulatus Vogelsanger, 1944
Rugathodes bellicosus (Simon, 1873)
Rugathodes instabilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Sardinidion blackwalli O.P.-Cambridge, 1871
Selimus pulchellus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Selimus vittatus (C.L. Koch, 1836)
Simitidion simile (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778)
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757)
Steatoda grossa (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1805)
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802)
Theonoe minutissima (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Theridion betteni Wiehle, 1960
Theridion boesenbergi Strand, 1904
Theridion cinereum Thorell, 1875
Theridion familiare O.P.-Cambridge, 1871
Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914
Theridion italiense Wunderlich, 1995
Theridion melanurum Hahn, 1831
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
66394
66397
66398
66401
66402
66403
66406
66408
66410
66411
66415
66421
66422
66426
66432
66434
66437
66441
66447
66450
66456
Robertus ungulatus Vogelsanger, 1944
Rugathodes bellicosus (Simon, 1873)
Rugathodes instabilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Sardinidion blackwalli O.P.-Cambridge, 1871
Anelosimus pulchellus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Anelosimus vittatus (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Simitidion simile (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778)
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757)
Steatoda grossa (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1805)
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802)
Theonoe minutissima (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Theridion betteni Wiehle, 1960
Theridion boesenbergi Strand, 1904
Theridion cinereum Thorell, 1875
Theridion familiare O.P.-Cambridge, 1871
Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914
Theridion italiense Wunderlich, 1995
Theridion melanurum Hahn, 1831
Theridion mystaceum L.Koch, 1870
Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Theridion pinastri L.Koch, 1872
Theridion varians Hahn, 1833
Theridiosoma gemmosum (L.Koch, 1877)
Comaroma simoni Bertkau, 1889
Mysmenella jobi (Kraus, 1967)
Troglonata granulum Simon, 1922
Abacoproeces saltuum (L.Koch, 1872)
Acartauchenius scurrilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Agnyphantes expunctus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Agyneta cauta (O.P.-Cambridge, 1902)
Agyneta conigera (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Agyneta decora (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Agyneta olivacea (Emerton, 1882)
Agyneta ramosa Jackson, 1912
Agyneta subtilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Allomengea scopigera (Grube, 1859)
Allomengea vidua (L.Koch, 1879)
Anguliphantes angulipalpis (Westring, 1851)
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiidae
Theridiosomatidae
Anapidae
Mysmenidae
Mysmenidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
66459
66468
66469
66482
66489
55017
62460
62462
60306
60313
60316
60320
60321
60322
60324
60325
60327
60333
60334
60335
Theridion mystaceum L.Koch, 1870
Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Theridion pinastri L.Koch, 1872
Theridion varians Hahn, 1833
Theridiosoma gemmosum (L.Koch, 1877)
Comaroma simoni Bertkau, 1889
Mysmenella jobi (Kraus, 1967)
Troglonata granulum Simon, 1922
Abacoproeces saltuum (L.Koch, 1872)
Acartauchenius scurrilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Agnyphantes expunctus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Agyneta cauta (O.P.-Cambridge, 1902)
Agyneta conigera (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Agyneta decora (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Agyneta olivacea (Emerton, 1882)
Agyneta ramosa Jackson, 1912
Agyneta subtilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Allomengea scopigera (Grube, 1859)
Allomengea vidua (L.Koch, 1879)
Anguliphantes angulipalpis (Westring, 1851)
Anguliphantes monticola (Kulczyҁski, 1881)
Anguliphantes silli (Weiss, 1987)
Anguliphantes tripartitus (Miller & Svato҅, 1978)
Aphileta misera (O.P.-Cambridge, 1882
Araeoncus anguineus (L. Koch, 1869)
Araeoncus crassiceps (Westring, 1861)
Araeoncus humilis (Blackwall, 1841)
Asthenargus carpaticus Weiss, 1998
Asthenargus helveticus Schenkel, 1936
Asthenargus paganus (Simon, 1884)
Asthenargus perforatus Schenkel, 1929
Bathyphantes approximatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Bathyphantes eumenis (L.Koch, 1879)
Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall, 1841)
Bathyphantes nigrinus (Westring, 1851)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60336
60337
60338
60342
60344
60348
60352
60363
60364
60366
60367
60376
60378
60379
60384
Anguliphantes monticola (Kulczyҁski, 1881)
Anguliphantes silli (Weiss, 1987)
Anguliphantes tripartitus (Miller & Svato҅, 1978)
Aphileta misera (O.P.-Cambridge, 1882
Araeoncus anguineus (L. Koch, 1869)
Araeoncus crassiceps (Westring, 1861)
Araeoncus humilis (Blackwall, 1841)
Asthenargus carpaticus Weiss, 1998
Asthenargus helveticus Schenkel, 1936
Asthenargus paganus (Simon, 1884)
Asthenargus perforatus Schenkel, 1929
Bathyphantes approximatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Bathyphantes eumenis (L.Koch, 1879)
Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall, 1841)
Bathyphantes nigrinus (Westring, 1851)
CZ RL
HU RL PL RL
1
DD
DD
VU
1
NT
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
EN
Crit
RO RL
B2
1
LC
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
B1, B2a; D2
1
DD
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
CR
1
1
1
1
VU
NT
VU
CR
1
1
EN
1
D
1
1
LC
1
DD
1
1
LC
1
1
EN
NT
1
LC
LC
1
DD
NT
LC
VU
VU
NT
1
LC
D
1
1
LC
1
Crit SK RL
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
B2a,b, C2a, D1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
CR
EN
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
RE?
1
1
1
1
EN
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
EN
NT
EN
EN
RE?
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
DD
DD
1
VU
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
LC
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
NT
1
EN
1
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
EN
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
CR
1
CR
1
DD
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
DD
VU
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
NT
NT
VU
LC
LC
NT
NT
DD
NT
LC
NT
CR
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
VU
x
LC
NT
EN
x
DD
EN
EN
DD
137
138
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Bathyphantes parvulus (Westring, 1851)
Bathyphantes setiger F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1894
Bathyphantes similis Kulczyҁski, 1894
Bolephthyphantes index (Thorell, 1856)
Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833)
Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833)
Bolyphantes nigropictus Simon, 1884
Canariphantes nanus (Kulczyҁski, 1898)
Carorita limnaea (Crosby & Bishop, 1927)
Caviphantes saxetorum (Hull, 1916)
Centromerita bicolor (Blackwall, 1833)
Centromerita concinna (Thorell, 1875)
Centromerus acutidentatus Deltshev, 2002
Centromerus albidus Simon, 1929
Centromerus arcanus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Centromerus brevivulvatus Dahl, 1912
Centromerus capucinus (Simon, 1884)
Centromerus cavernarum (L.Koch, 1872)
Centromerus chappuisi Fage, 1931
Centromerus crinitus Rosca, 1935
Centromerus dacicus Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1980
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60386
60389
60390
60395
60396
60400
60401
60413
60417
60419
60420
60421
60423
60424
60428
60431
60433
60434
60435
60439
60440
Bathyphantes parvulus (Westring, 1851)
Bathyphantes setiger F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1894
Bathyphantes similis Kulczyҁski, 1894
Bolephthyphantes index (Thorell, 1856)
Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833)
Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833)
Bolyphantes nigropictus Simon, 1884
Canariphantes nanus (Kulczyҁski, 1898)
Carorita limnaea (Crosby & Bishop, 1927)
Caviphantes saxetorum (Hull, 1916)
Centromerita bicolor (Blackwall, 1833)
Centromerita concinna (Thorell, 1875)
Centromerus acutidentatus Deltshev, 2002
Centromerus albidus Simon, 1929
Centromerus arcanus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Centromerus brevipalpus (Menge, 1866)
Centromerus capucinus (Simon, 1884)
Centromerus cavernarum (L.Koch, 1872)
Centromerus chappuisi Fage, 1931
Centromerus crinitus Rosca, 1935
Centromerus dacicus Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1980
Centromerus dilutus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Centromerus gentilis Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1980
Centromerus incilium (L.Koch, 1881)
Centromerus lakatnikensis (Drensky, 1931)
Centromerus levitarsis (Simon, 1884)
Centromerus pabulator (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Centromerus persimilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1912)
Centromerus prudens (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Centromerus sellarius (Simon, 1884)
Centromerus semiater (L.Koch, 1879)
Centromerus serbicus Deltshev, 2002
Centromerus serratus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Centromerus setosus Miller & Kratochvil, 1940
Centromerus silvicola (Kulczyҁski, 1887)
Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841)
Centromerus unctus (L. Koch, 1870)
Ceraticelus bulbosus (Emerton, 1882)
Ceratinella brevipes (Westring, 1851)
Ceratinella brevis (Wider, 1834)
Ceratinella major Kulczyҁski, 1894
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60441
60445
60446
60447
60449
60455
60459
60462
60465
60466
60467
60468
60469
60471
60477
60480
60486
60488
60489
60490
Centromerus dilutus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Centromerus gentilis Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1980
Centromerus incilium (L.Koch, 1881)
Centromerus lakatnikensis (Drensky, 1931)
Centromerus levitarsis (Simon, 1884)
Centromerus pabulator (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Centromerus persimilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1912)
Centromerus prudens (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Centromerus sellarius (Simon, 1884)
Centromerus semiater (L.Koch, 1879)
Centromerus serbicus Deltshev, 2002
Centromerus serratus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Centromerus setosus Miller & Kratochvil, 1940
Centromerus silvicola (Kulczyҁski, 1887)
Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841)
Centromerus unctus (L. Koch, 1870)
Ceraticelus bulbosus (Emerton, 1882)
Ceratinella brevipes (Westring, 1851)
Ceratinella brevis (Wider, 1834)
Ceratinella major Kulczyҁski, 1894
Ceratinella marcui Rosca, 1932
Ceratinella scabrosa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Ceratinella wideri (Thorell, 1871)
Cineta gradata (Simon, 1881)
Cnephalocotes obscurus (Blackwall, 1834)
Collinsia distincta (Simon, 1884)
Collinsia inerrans (O.P.-Cambridge, 1885)
Dicymbium nigrum (Blackwall, 1834)
Dicymbium nigrum brevisetosum Locket, 1962
Dicymbium tibiale (Blackwall, 1836)
Diplocentria bidentata (Emerton, 1882)
Diplocentria rectangulata (Emerton, 1915)
Diplocephalus alpinus subrufus Rosca, 1935
Diplocephalus cristatus (Blackwall, 1833)
Diplocephalus dentatus (Tullgren, 1955)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60491
60494
60495
60499
60500
60506
60509
60521
60520
60522
60525
60528
60529
60541
60543
Ceratinella marcui Rosca, 1932
Ceratinella scabrosa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Ceratinella wideri (Thorell, 1871)
Cineta gradata (Simon, 1881)
Cnephalocotes obscurus (Blackwall, 1834)
Collinsia distincta (Simon, 1884)
Collinsia inerrans (O.P.-Cambridge, 1885)
Dicymbium nigrum (Blackwall, 1834)
Dicymbium nigrum brevisetosum Locket, 1962
Dicymbium tibiale (Blackwall, 1836)
Diplocentria bidentata (Emerton, 1882)
Diplocentria rectangulata (Emerton, 1915)
Diplocephalus alpinus subrufus Rosca, 1935
Diplocephalus cristatus (Blackwall, 1833)
Diplocephalus dentatus (Tullgren, 1955)
CZ RL
HU RL PL RL
1
1
VU
EN
VU
1
1
1
NT
Crit
D
B2a, D
RO RL
Crit SK RL
1
1
VU
1
LC
1
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
1
1
1
1?
EN
EN
CR
1
1
1
EN
1
CR
B2a, D
B2a, D2
LC
LC
1
VU
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
DD
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
VU
NT
1
VU
VU
EN
B2a, D2
LC
VU
DD
DD
NT
1
1
VU
1
EN
LC
1
1
LC
1
VU
VU
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
NT
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
VU
1
VU
DD
1
B2a, D2
LC
1
EN
1
VU
CR
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
LC
EN
LC
CR
1
1
1
NT
LC
EN
1
B2a, D2
DD
1
DD
VU
RE?
NT
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
DD
1
1
1
VU
1
LC
B2a,b, C2a, D1
NT
1
1
1
VU
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
EN
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
NT
LC
1
1
1
EN
1
1
1
1
LC
1
DD
LC
1
1
DD
EN
1
DD
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
VU
EN
CR
LC
VU
NT
x
x
x
VU
LC
VU
DD
DD
x
VU
VU
VU
NT
VU
VU
EN
RE?
VU
DD
x
DD
VU
VU
x
DD
VU
DD
VU
139
140
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
CZ RL
Diplocephalus helleri (L.Koch, 1869)
Diplocephalus latifrons (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Diplocephalus permixtus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Diplocephalus picinus (Blackwall, 1841)
Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834)
Dismodicus bifrons (Blackwall, 1841)
Dismodicus elevatus (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Donacochara speciosa (Thorell, 1875)
Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall, 1833)
Drepanostylus uncatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Drepanotylus borealis Holm, 1945
Entelecara acuminata (Wider, 1834)
Entelecara congenera (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Entelecara errata O.P.-Cambridge, 1913
Entelecara erythropus (Westring, 1851)
Entelecara flavipes (Blackwall, 1834)
Entelecara media Kulczyҁski, 1887
Entelecara omissa O.P.-Cambridge, 1902
Entelecara strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Erigone atra Blackwall, 1833
Erigone cristatopalpus Simon, 1884
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60548
60550
60554
60555
60566
60567
60568
60570
60571
60574
60572
60576
60579
60582
60583
60584
60590
60592
60594
60602
60606
Diplocephalus helleri (L.Koch, 1869)
Diplocephalus latifrons (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Diplocephalus permixtus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Diplocephalus picinus (Blackwall, 1841)
Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834)
Dismodicus bifrons (Blackwall, 1841)
Dismodicus elevatus (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Donacochara speciosa (Thorell, 1875)
Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall, 1833)
Drepanostylus uncatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Drepanotylus borealis Holm, 1945
Entelecara acuminata (Wider, 1834)
Entelecara congenera (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Entelecara errata O.P.-Cambridge, 1913
Entelecara erythropus (Westring, 1851)
Entelecara flavipes (Blackwall, 1834)
Entelecara media Kulczyҁski, 1887
Entelecara omissa O.P.-Cambridge, 1902
Entelecara strandi Kolosváry, 1934
Erigone atra Blackwall, 1833
Erigone cristatopalpus Simon, 1884
VU
1
Erigone dentipalpis (Wider, 1834)
Erigone jaegeri Baehr, 1984
Erigone remota L. Koch, 1869
Erigone strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Erigone tirolensis L.Koch, 1872
Erigonella hiemalis (Blackwall, 1841)
Erigonella ignobilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Erigonella subelevata (L.Koch, 1869)
Erigonoplus globipes (L.Koch, 1872)
Erigonoplus jarmilae (Miller, 1943)
Evansia merens O.P.-Cambridge, 1900
Floronia bucculenta (Clerck, 1757)
Formiphantes lepthyphantiformis (Strand, 1907)
Frontinellina frutetorum (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Glyphesis servulus (Simon, 1881)
Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834)
Gonatium hilare (Thorell, 1875)
Gonatium orientale Fage 1931
Gonatium paradoxum (L.Koch, 1869)
Gonatium rubellum (Blackwall, 1841)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60609
60614
60628
60631
60634
60637
60638
60640
60645
60648
60657
60661
60662
60664
60668
60670
60676
60679
60681
60682
Erigone dentipalpis (Wider, 1834)
Erigone jaegeri Baehr, 1984
Erigone remota L. Koch, 1869
Erigone strandi Kolosváry, 1934
Erigone tirolensis L.Koch, 1872
Erigonella hiemalis (Blackwall, 1841)
Erigonella ignobilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Erigonella subelevata (L.Koch, 1869)
Erigonoplus globipes (L.Koch, 1872)
Erigonoplus jarmilae (Miller, 1943)
Evansia merens O.P.-Cambridge, 1900
Floronia bucculenta (Clerck, 1757)
Formiphantes lepthyphantiformis (Strand, 1907)
Frontinellina frutetorum (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Glyphesis servulus (Simon, 1881)
Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834)
Gonatium hilare (Thorell, 1875)
Gonatium orientale Fage 1931
Gonatium paradoxum (L.Koch, 1869)
Gonatium rubellum (Blackwall, 1841)
Gonatium rubens (Blackwall, 1833)
Gongylidiellum compar (Westring, 1861)
Gongylidiellum latebricola (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Gongylidiellum murcidum Simon, 1884
Gongylidiellum vivum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Gongylidium gebhardti Kolosvary, 1934
Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Helophora insignis (Blackwall, 1841)
Heterotrichoncus pusillus (Miller, 1958)
Hilaira excisa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830)
Hylyphantes nigritus (Simon, 1881)
Hypomma bituberculatum (Wider, 1834)
Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833)
Hypselsites jacksoni (O.P.-Cambridge, 1902)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60683
60685
60689
60690
60692
60693
60694
60697
60698
60700
60714
60715
60717
60719
60722
Gonatium rubens (Blackwall, 1833)
Gongylidiellum compar (Westring, 1861)
Gongylidiellum latebricola (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Gongylidiellum murcidum Simon, 1884
Gongylidiellum vivum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Gongylidium gebhardti Kolosvary, 1934a
Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Helophora insignis (Blackwall, 1841)
Heterotrichoncus pusillus (Miller, 1958)
Hilaira excisa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830)
Hylyphantes nigritus (Simon, 1881)
Hypomma bituberculatum (Wider, 1834)
Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833)
Hypselsites jacksoni (O.P.-Cambridge, 1902)
HU RL PL RL
LC
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
EN
1
LC
1
1
Crit
RO RL
B2a, D
LC
LC
LC
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
VU
B2a, D
VU
B2a, D
Crit SK RL
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
NT
1
DD
1
1
CR
LC
LC
NT
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
NT
1
VU
1
1
1
1
B1a
1
1?
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
NT
NT
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
LC
1
EN
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
DD
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
CR
1
NT
B2a, D2
CR
A3, B2, D2
VU
D
CR
1
B2a, D1, D2
DD
NT
1
VU
1
LC
1
LC
1
1
DD
1
EN
RE?
LC
LC
1
1
VU
1
VU
1
NT
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
DD
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
DD
LC
1
EN
1
1
CR
CR
CR
CR
1
NT
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
CR
VU
EN
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D2
B2a,b, C2a, D1
VU
DD
1
1
VU
LC
B2a, D2
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
B1a
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
NT
LC
DD
VU
NT
LC
VU
NT
EN
DD
LC
EN
VU
NT
LC
LC
EN
NT
NT
DD
CR
VU
NT
DD
VU
141
142
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Hypsocephalus pusillus (Menge 1869)
Improphantes complicatus (Emerton, 1882)
Improphantes decolor (Westring, 1861)
Improphantes geniculatus (Kulczyҁski, 1898)
Improphantes improbulus (Simon, 1929)
Improphantes nitidus (Thorell, 1875)
Incestophantes annulatus (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Incestophantes crucifer (Menge, 1866)
Ipa keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1867)
Ipa terrenus ((L. Koch, 1879)
Jacksonella falconeri (Jackson, 1908)
Kaestneria dorsalis (Wider, 1834)
Kaestneria pullata (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Kaestneria torrentum (Kulczyҁski, 1881)
Karita paludosa (Duffey, 1971)
Kratochviliella bicapitata Miller, 1938
Labulla thoracica (Wider, 1834)
Lasiargus hirsutus (Menge, 1869)
Lepthyphantes centromeroides carpathicus
Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1970
Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60728
60731
60732
60734
60736
60738
60739
60740
60747
60749
60752
60754
60755
60756
60757
60759
60762
60763
60779
Linyphiidae
60797
Hypsocephalus pusillus (Menge 1869)
Improphantes complicatus (Emerton, 1882)
Improphantes decolor (Westring, 1861)
Improphantes geniculatus (Kulczyҁski, 1898)
Improphantes improbulus (Simon, 1929)
Improphantes nitidus (Thorell, 1875)
Incestophantes annulatus (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Incestophantes crucifer (Menge, 1866)
Ipa keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1867)
Ipa terrenus ((L. Koch, 1879)
Jacksonella falconeri (Jackson, 1908)
Kaestneria dorsalis (Wider, 1834)
Kaestneria pullata (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Kaestneria torrentum (Kulczyҁski, 1881)
Karita paludosa (Duffey, 1971)
Kratochviliella bicapitata Miller, 1938
Labulla thoracica (Wider, 1834)
Lasiargus hirsutus (Menge, 1869)
Lepthyphantes centromeroides carpathicus
Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1970
Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865)
Lepthyphantes minutus (Blackwall, 1833)
Lepthyphantes nodifer Simon, 1884
Lepthyphantes notabilis Kulczyҁski, 1887
Leptorhoptrum robustum (Westring, 1851)
Lessertia dentichelis (Simon, 1884)
Lessertinella carpatica Weiss, 1979
Lessertinella kulczyҁskii (Lessert, 1910)
Linyphia hortensis Sundevall, 1830
Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757)
Lophomma punctatum (Blackwall, 1841)
Macrargus carpenteri (O.P.-Cambridge, 1894)
Macrargus rufus (Wider, 1834)
Mansuphantes arciger (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Mansuphantes fragilis (Thorell, 1875)
Mansuphantes mansuetus (Thorell, 1875)
Maro lehtineni Saaristo, 1971
Maro lepidus Casemir, 1961
Maro minutus O. P.-Cambridge, 1906
Maro sublestus Falconer, 1915
Maso gallicus Simon, 1894
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60807
60810
60811
60826
60829
60830
60831
60838
60852
60854
60856
60860
60862
60865
60867
60872
60873
60874
60876
60878
Lepthyphantes minutus (Blackwall, 1833)
Lepthyphantes nodifer Simon, 1884
Lepthyphantes notabilis Kulczyҁski, 1887
Leptorhoptrum robustum (Westring, 1851)
Lessertia dentichelis (Simon, 1884)
Lessertinella carpatica Weiss, 1979
Lessertinella kulczyҁskii (Lessert, 1910)
Linyphia hortensis Sundevall, 1830
Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757)
Lophomma punctatum (Blackwall, 1841)
Macrargus carpenteri (O.P.-Cambridge, 1894)
Macrargus rufus (Wider, 1834)
Mansuphantes arciger (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Mansuphantes fragilis (Thorell, 1875)
Mansuphantes mansuetus (Thorell, 1875)
Maro lehtineni Saaristo, 1971
Maro lepidus Casemir, 1961
Maro minutus O. P.-Cambridge, 1906
Maro sublestus Falconer, 1915
Maso gallicus Simon, 1894
Maso sundevalli (Westring, 1851)
Mecopisthes peusi Wunderlich, 1972
Mecopisthes silus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Mecynargus longus (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Mecynargus morulus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Megalepthyphantes collinus (L.Koch, 1872)
Megalepthyphantes nebulosus (Sundeval, 1829)
Megalepthyphantes pseudocollinus Saaristo, 1997
Meioneta affinis (Kulczyҁski, 1898)
Meioneta equestris (L.Koch, 1881)
Meioneta fuscipalpa (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Meioneta gulosa (L.Koch, 1869)
Meioneta innotabilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Meioneta milleri Thaler, Buchar & KҦrka, 1997
Meioneta mollis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60879
60887
60890
60894
60896
60901
60903
60904
60905
60909
60910
60911
60912
60915
60916
Maso sundevalli (Westring, 1851)
Mecopisthes peusi Wunderlich, 1972
Mecopisthes silus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Mecynargus longus (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Mecynargus morulus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Megalepthyphantes collinus (L.Koch, 1872)
Megalepthyphantes nebulosus (Sundeval, 1829)
Megalepthyphantes pseudocollinus Saaristo, 1997
Agyneta affinis (Kulczyҁski, 1898)
Agyneta equestris (L.Koch, 1881)
Agyneta fuscipalpa (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Agyneta gulosa (L.Koch, 1869)
Agyneta innotabilis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Agyneta milleri Thaler, Buchar & KҦrka, 1997
Agyneta mollis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
CZ RL
HU RL PL RL
EN
EN
CR
LC
Crit
RO RL
Crit SK RL
B2a, D2
D
EN
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1
DD
VU
CR
LC
VU
NT
VU
VU
1
1
LC
1
1
EN
D
1
LC
VU
D2
EN
B2a,b
D
NT
EN
VU
1
1
EN
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a, D2
LC
LC
1
DD
NT
1
LC?
LC
LC
NT
VU
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
EN
LC
1
1
NT
1
CR
CR
CR
1
1
LC
EN
1
1
RE?
1
DD
CR
B2a, D2
DD
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
EN
1
EN
1
1
NT
1
LC
EN
B2a, D2
LC
B2a, D
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
D2
1
LC
1
1
EN
LC
EN
1
EN
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
VU
1
1
1
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
VU
1
1
NT
1
1
CR
1
EN
CR
EN
DD
1
DD
1
D
D
D
1
LC
1
1
1
EN
EN
1
DD
1
1
DD
NT
DD
1
1
DD
VU
VU
1
1
1
1
NT
1
CR
VU
1
1
B1a
1
1
1
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
DD
B2a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
EN
CR
LC
NT
x
VU
VU
NT
VU
VU
x
NT
VU
x
VU
VU
NT
x
VU
EN
CR
VU
VU
RE?
DD
EN
NT
DD
x
DD
EN
EN
EN
LC
DD
VU
NT
143
144
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Meioneta mossica Schikora, 1993
Meioneta rurestris (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Meioneta saxatilis (Blackwall, 1844)
Meioneta similis (Kulczynski, 1926)
Meioneta simplicitarsis (Simon, 1884)
Mermessus trilobatus (Emerton, 1882)
Metopobactrus ascitus (Kulczyҁski, 1894)
Metopobactrus prominulus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Micrargus apertus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Micrargus georgescuae Millidge, 1976
Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall, 1854)
Micrargus subaequalis (Westring, 1851)
Microctenonyx subitaneus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Microlinyphia impigra (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall, 1830)
Microneta viaria (Blackwall, 1841)
Midia midas (Simon, 1884)
Minicia marginella (Wider, 1834)
Minyriolus pusillus (Wider, 1834)
Mioxena blanda (Simon, 1884)
Moebelia penicillata (Westring, 1851)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
60917
60928
60930
60931
60932
60939
60942
60949
60954
60958
60959
60963
60965
60966
60969
60973
60997
61005
61011
61012
61014
Agyneta mossica Schikora, 1993
Agyneta rurestris (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Agyneta saxatilis (Blackwall, 1844)
Agyneta similis (Kulczyҁski, 1926)
Agyneta simplicitarsis (Simon, 1884)
Mermessus trilobatus (Emerton, 1882)
Metopobactrus ascitus (Kulczyҁski, 1894)
Metopobactrus prominulus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Micrargus apertus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Micrargus georgescuae Millidge, 1976
Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall, 1854)
Micrargus subaequalis (Westring, 1851)
Microctenonyx subitaneus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Microlinyphia impigra (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall, 1830)
Microneta viaria (Blackwall, 1841)
Midia midas (Simon, 1884)
Minicia marginella (Wider, 1834)
Minyriolus pusillus (Wider, 1834)
Mioxena blanda (Simon, 1884)
Moebelia penicillata (Westring, 1851)
Mughiphantes cornutus (Schenkel, 1927)
Mughiphantes mughi (Fickert, 1875)
Mughiphantes pulcher (Kulczyҁski, 1881)
Mughiphantes varians (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Nematogmus sanguinolentus (Walckenaer, 1841)
Neriene clathrata (Sundevall, 1830)
Neriene emphana (Walckenaer, 1841)
Neriene furtiva (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Neriene montana (Clerck, 1757)
Neriene peltata (Wider, 1834)
Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1842)
Notioscopus sarcinatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Nusoncus nasutus (Schenkel, 1925)
Obscuriphantes obscurus (Blackwall, 1841)
Oedothorax agrestis (Blackwall, 1853)
Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall, 1850)
Oedothorax fuscus (Blackwall, 1834)
Oedothorax gibbifer (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall, 1841)
Oedothorax insignis (Bösenberg, 1902)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61017
61030
61032
61042
61045
61048
61049
61050
61053
61055
61057
61060
61061
61063
61065
61066
61068
61069
61070
61071
Mughiphantes cornutus (Schenkel, 1927)
Mughiphantes mughi (Fickert, 1875)
Mughiphantes pulcher (Kulczyҁski, 1881)
Mughiphantes varians (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Nematogmus sanguinolentus (Walckenaer, 1841)
Neriene clathrata (Sundevall, 1830)
Neriene emphana (Walckenaer, 1841)
Neriene furtiva (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Neriene montana (Clerck, 1757)
Neriene peltata (Wider, 1834)
Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1842)
Notioscopus sarcinatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Nusoncus nasutus (Schenkel, 1925)
Obscuriphantes obscurus (Blackwall, 1841)
Oedothorax agrestis (Blackwall, 1853)
Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall, 1850)
Oedothorax fuscus (Blackwall, 1834)
Oedothorax gibbifer (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall, 1841)
Oedothorax insignis (Bösenberg, 1902)
Oedothorax retusus (Westring, 1851)
Oreoneta montigena (L.Koch, 1872)
Oreoneta tatrica ( Kulczyҁski, 1915)
Oreonetides glacialis (L.Koch, 1872)
Oreonetides vaginatus (Thorell, 1872)
Oryphantes angulatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1881)
Ostearius melanopygius (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Palliduphantes alutacius (Simon, 1884)
Palliduphantes antroniensis (Schenkel, 1933)
Palliduphantes insignis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1913)
Palliduphantes istrianus (Kulczyҁski, 1914)
Palliduphantes milleri (Starќga, 1972)
Palliduphantes pallidus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Palliduphantes pillichi (Kulczyҁski, 1915)
Palliduphantes spelaeorum (Kulczynski, 1914)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61075
61082
61085
61087
61089
61090
61092
61094
61096
61117
61118
61127
61131
61133
61138
Oedothorax retusus (Westring, 1851)
Oreoneta montigena (L.Koch, 1872)
Oreoneta tatrica ( Kulczyҁski, 1915)
Oreonetides glacialis (L.Koch, 1872)
Oreonetides vaginatus (Thorell, 1872)
Oryphantes angulatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1881)
Ostearius melanopygius (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Palliduphantes alutacius (Simon, 1884)
Palliduphantes antroniensis (Schenkel, 1933)
Palliduphantes insignis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1913)
Palliduphantes istrianus (Kulczyҁski, 1914)
Palliduphantes milleri (Starќga, 1972)
Palliduphantes pallidus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Palliduphantes pillichi (Kulczyҁski, 1915)
Palliduphantes spelaeorum (Kulczynski, 1914)
CZ RL
1
1
HU RL PL RL
LC
Crit
1
1
RO RL
1
LC
DD
DD
VU
Crit SK RL
Crit
DD
1
1
VU
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
DD
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
CR
1
LC
LC
1
1
DD
1
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
NT
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
EN
NT
LC
1
1
1
VU
EN
1
NT
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
VU
1
D
D
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
D
1
EN
EN
LC
VU
1
DD
LC
1
1
1
1
1
DD
EN
1
1
1
VU
1
LC
1
1
1
1
D
D
1
EN
RE?
1
1
NT
NT
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
EN
VU
VU
DD
DD
NT
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a, D2
NT
1
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
1?
LC
1
DD
VU
1
1
EN
VU
1
1
EN
1
1
CR
LC
D
1
1
1
1
1
1
EN
1
NT
1
EN
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
VU
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
DD
VU
VU
LC
NT
NT
VU
VU
RE?
x
NT
VU
LC
LC
NT
NT
DD
EN
EN
NT
VU
EN
X
VU
VU
VU
145
146
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Palliduphantes trnovensis (Drensky, 1931)
Panamomops affinis Miller & Kratochvil, 1939
Panamomops fagei Miller & Kratochvil, 1939
Panamomops inconspicuus (Miller & Valešova, 1964)
Panamomops latifrons Miller, 1959
Panamomops mengei Simon, 1926
Panamomops palmgreni Thaler, 1973
Panamomops strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Panamomops sulcifrons (Wider, 1834)
Parapelecopsis nemoralis (Blackwall, 1841)
Pelecopsis elongata (Wider, 1834)
Pelecopsis loksai Szinetar & Samu 2003
Pelecopsis mengei (Simon, 1884)
Pelecopsis parallela (Wider, 1834)
Pelecopsis radicicola (L.Koch, 1872)
Peponocranium orbiculatum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1882)
Peponocranium praeceps Miller, 1943
Piniphantes pinicola (Simon, 1884)
Pityohyphantes phrygianus (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Pocadicnemis carpatica (Chyzer, 1894)
Pocadicnemis juncea Locket & Millidge, 1953
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61141
61142
61144
61146
61147
61148
61150
61152
61153
61158
61167
61174
61176
61182
61185
61193
61194
61198
61200
61202
61204
Palliduphantes trnovensis (Drensky, 1931)
Panamomops affinis Miller & Kratochvil, 1939
Panamomops fagei Miller & Kratochvil, 1939
Panamomops inconspicuus (Miller & Valešova, 1964)
Panamomops latifrons Miller, 1959
Panamomops mengei Simon, 1926
Panamomops palmgreni Thaler, 1973
Panamomops strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Panamomops sulcifrons (Wider, 1834)
Parapelecopsis nemoralis (Blackwall, 1841)
Pelecopsis elongata (Wider, 1834)
Pelecopsis loksai Szinetar & Samu 2003
Pelecopsis mengei (Simon, 1884)
Pelecopsis parallela (Wider, 1834)
Pelecopsis radicicola (L.Koch, 1872)
Peponocranium orbiculatum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1882)
Peponocranium praeceps Miller, 1943
Piniphantes pinicola (Simon, 1884)
Pityohyphantes phrygianus (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Pocadicnemis carpatica (Chyzer, 1894)
Pocadicnemis juncea Locket & Millidge, 1953
Pocadicnemis pumila (Blackwall, 1841)
Poeciloneta variegata (Blackwall, 1841)
Porrhomma campbelli F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1894
Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1861)
Porrhomma egeria Simon, 1884
Porrhomma errans (Blackwall, 1841)
Porrhomma lativelum Tretzel, 1956
Porrhomma microphthalmum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Porrhomma microps (Roewer, 1931)
Porrhomma montanum Jackson, 1913
Porrhomma myops Simon, 1884
Porrhomma oblitum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1870)
Porrhomma pallidum Jackson, 1913
Porrhomma profundum M.Dahl, 1939
Porrhomma pygmaeum (Blackwall, 1834)
Porrhomma rosenhaueri (L.Koch, 1872)
Prinerigone vagans (Audouin, 1826)
Saaristoa abnormis (Blackwall, 1841)
Saaristoa firma (O.P.-Cambridge, 1905)
Saloca diceros (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61205
61206
61211
61212
61214
61215
61219
61221
61222
61223
61224
61225
61228
61229
61230
61232
61240
61246
61247
61248
Pocadicnemis pumila (Blackwall, 1841)
Poeciloneta variegata (Blackwall, 1841)
Porrhomma campbelli F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1894
Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1861)
Porrhomma egeria Simon, 1884
Porrhomma errans (Blackwall, 1841)
Porrhomma microps (Roewer, 1931)
Porrhomma microphthalmum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Porrhomma microps (Roewer, 1931)
Porrhomma montanum Jackson, 1913
Porrhomma myops Simon, 1884
Porrhomma oblitum (O.P.-Cambridge, 1870)
Porrhomma pallidum Jackson, 1913
Porrhomma profundum M.Dahl, 1939
Porrhomma pygmaeum (Blackwall, 1834)
Porrhomma rosenhaueri (L.Koch, 1872)
Prinerigone vagans (Audouin, 1826)
Saaristoa abnormis (Blackwall, 1841)
Saaristoa firma (O.P.-Cambridge, 1905)
Saloca diceros (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Saloca kulczynskii Miller & Kratochvil, 1939
Sauron rayi (Simon, 1881)
Savignia frontata Blackwall, 1833
Scotargus pilosus Simon, 1913
Scotinotylus antennatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Scutpelecopsis loricata Duma & Tanasevitch, 2011
Silometopus bonessi Casemir, 1970
Silometopus elegans (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Silometopus reussi (Thorell, 1871)
Sintula corniger (Blackwall, 1856)
Sintula retroversus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Sintula spiniger (Balogh, 1935)
Sisicus apertus (Holm, 1939)
Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Styloctetor romanus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61250
61253
61254
61265
61269
Not listed yet
61288
61291
61294
61300
61305
61307
61308
61311
61313
Saloca kulczynskii Miller & Kratochvil, 1939
Sauron rayi (Simon, 1881)
Savignia frontata Blackwall, 1833
Scotargus pilosus Simon, 1913
Scotinotylus antennatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Scutpelecopsis loricata Duma & Tanasevitch, 2011
Silometopus bonessi Casemir, 1970
Silometopus elegans (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Silometopus reussi (Thorell, 1871)
Sintula corniger (Blackwall, 1856)
Sintula retroversus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Sintula spiniger (Balogh, 1935)
Sisicus apertus (Holm, 1939)
Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Styloctetor romanus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
CZ RL
HU RL PL RL
Crit
RO RL
Crit SK RL
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
EN
1
EN
NT
1
EN
NT
VU
DD
1
NT
VU
LC
EN
VU
DD
1
1
1
1
1
LC
VU
EN
EN
1
NT
1
1
VU
1
NT
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
DD
1
CR
VU
VU
1
VU
NT
1
D
D
1
VU
1
DD
LC
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
NE
NE
VU
VU
1
NT
NT
1
NE
EN
NE
EN
VU
LC
LC
1
VU
EN
LC
VU
VU
1
EN
1
1
CR
D
D
1
1
NT
B2a, D
EN
VU
VU
1
VU
VU
1
1
1
1
EN
1
1
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
1
VU
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
DD
1
1
NT
1
LC
VU
DD
1
1
VU
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
LC
LC
DD
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
D2
DD
VU
VU
1
RE?
EN
VU
1
CR
NT
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B1a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
EN
NT
VU
NT
NT
DD
NT
CR
NT
NT
NT
VU
DD
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
syn
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
LC
NT
NT
DD
NT
DD
VU
LC
VU
x
NT
EN
VU
DD
LC
NT
RE?
VU
NT
EN
147
148
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Styloctetor stativus (Simon, 1881)
Syedra gracilis (Menge, 1869)
Syedra myrmicarum (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Tallusia experta (O.P.-Cambridge, 187
Tapinocyba affinis Lessert, 1907
Tapinocyba barsica Kolosváry, 1934a
Tapinocyba biscissa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Tapinocyba insecta (L.Koch, 1869)
Tapinocyba pallens (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Tapinocyba praecox (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Tapinocyba silvestris Georgescu, 1973
Tapinocyboides pygmaeus (Menge, 1869)
Tapinopa longidens (Wider, 1834)
Taranucnus bihari Fage, 1931
Taranucnus setosus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Tenuiphantes alacris (Blackwall, 1853)
Tenuiphantes cristatus (Menge, 1866)
Tenuiphantes flavipes (Blackwall, 1854)
Tenuiphantes fogarasensis (Weiss, 1986)
Tenuiphantes jacksoni (Schenkel, 1925)
Tenuiphantes mengei (Kulczyҁski, 1887)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61314
61317
61318
61321
61328
61330
61332
61336
61342
61343
61344
61347
61349
61349
61350
61353
61355
61357
61359
61362
61365
Styloctetor stativus (Simon, 1881)
Syedra gracilis (Menge, 1869)
Syedra myrmicarum (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Tallusia experta (O.P.-Cambridge, 187
Tapinocyba affinis Lessert, 1907
Tapinocyba barsica Kolosváry, 1934
Tapinocyba biscissa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Tapinocyba insecta (L.Koch, 1869)
Tapinocyba pallens (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Tapinocyba praecox (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Tapinocyba silvestris Georgescu, 1973
Tapinocyboides pygmaeus (Menge, 1869)
Tapinopa longidens (Wider, 1834)
Taranucnus bihari Fage, 1931
Taranucnus setosus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Tenuiphantes alacris (Blackwall, 1853)
Tenuiphantes cristatus (Menge, 1866)
Tenuiphantes flavipes (Blackwall, 1854)
Tenuiphantes fogarasensis (Weiss, 1986)
Tenuiphantes jacksoni (Schenkel, 1925)
Tenuiphantes mengei (Kulczyҁski, 1887)
Tenuiphantes retezaticus (Ruzicka, 1985)
Tenuiphantes tenebricola (Wider, 1834)
Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852)
Tenuiphantes zimmermanni (Bertkau, 1890)
Theonina cornix (Simon, 1881)
Theonina kratochvili Miller & Weiss, 1979
Thyreosthenius biovatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851)
Tiso aestivus (L.Koch, 1872)
Tiso strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Tiso vagans (Blackwall, 1834)
Tmeticus affinis (Blackwall, 1855)
Trematocephalus cristatus (Wider, 1834)
Trichoncoides piscator (Simon, 1884)
Trichoncus affinis Kulczyҁski, 1894
Trichoncus auritus (L.Koch, 1869)
Trichoncus hackmani Millidge, 1955
Trichoncus saxicola (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861)
Trichoncus sordidus Simon, 1884
Trichopterna cito (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61369
61372
61374
61375
61378
61379
61380
61381
61385
61386
61387
61388
61390
61393
61394
61396
61398
61404
61407
61412
Tenuiphantes retezaticus (Ruzicka, 1985)
Tenuiphantes tenebricola (Wider, 1834)
Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852)
Tenuiphantes zimmermanni (Bertkau, 1890)
Theonina cornix (Simon, 1881)
Theonina kratochvili Miller & Weiss, 1979
Thyreosthenius biovatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851)
Tiso aestivus (L.Koch, 1872)
Tiso strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Tiso vagans (Blackwall, 1834)
Tmeticus affinis (Blackwall, 1855)
Trematocephalus cristatus (Wider, 1834)
Trichoncoides piscator (Simon, 1884)
Trichoncus affinis Kulczyҁski, 1894
Trichoncus auritus (L.Koch, 1869)
Trichoncus hackmani Millidge, 1955
Trichoncus saxicola (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861)
Trichoncus sordidus Simon, 1884
Trichopterna cito (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Trichopternoides thorelli (Westring, 1861)
Troglohyphantes herculanus (Kulczyҁski, 1894)
Troglohyphantes jeanneli
Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1970
Troglohyphantes orghidani
Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1977
Troglohyphantes racovitzai Dumitrescu, 1970
Troxochrus cirrifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Troxochrus scabriculus (Westring, 1851)
Typhochrestus digitatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Walckenaeria acuminata Blackwall, 1833
Walckenaeria alticeps (Denis, 1952)
Walckenaeria antica (Wider, 1834)
Walckenaeria atrotibialis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1878)
Walckenaeria capito (Westring, 1861)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61416
61467
61471
Linyphiidae
61492
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
61505
61538
61540
61554
61571
61574
61577
61412
61582
Trichopternoides thorelli (Westring, 1861)
Troglohyphantes herculanus (Kulczyҁski, 1894)
Troglohyphantes jeanneli
Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1970
Troglohyphantes orghidani
Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1977
Troglohyphantes racovitzai Dumitrescu, 1970
Troxochrus cirrifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Troxochrus scabriculus (Westring, 1851)
Typhochrestus digitatus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Walckenaeria acuminata Blackwall, 1833
Walckenaeria alticeps (Denis, 1952)
Walckenaeria antica (Wider, 1834)
Walckenaeria atrotibialis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1878)
Walckenaeria capito (Westring, 1861)
CZ RL
HU RL PL RL
DD
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
EN
1
1
Crit
RO RL
Crit SK RL
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
NT
1
1
1?
NT
1
NT
B2a, D
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
DD
VU?
NT
VU
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
CR
LC
1
1
1
1
D
NT
1
1
LC
LC
VU
1
LC
1
1
VU
NT
VU
CR
1
EN
1
1
1
VU
LC
LC
LC
1
1
DD
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
CR
VU
VU
EN
CR
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
1
EN
DD
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
D2
1
1
LC
NT
VU
VU
1
CR
1?
1
1
1
EN
NT
1
VU
1
D
1
LC
1
1?
1
NT
LC
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
D2
1
NT
LC
LC
EN
DD
1
1
1
NT
1
1
VU
EN
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
B2a,b, C2a, D1
CR
LC
B2a,b, C2a, D1
CR
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B1a
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
x
VU
NT
x
VU
x
VU
LC
NT
VU
NT
EN
EN
NT
NT
VU
LC
CR
D2
1
1
1
x
x
VU
VU
D2
1
x
VU
VU
D2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x
VU
1
VU
1
LC
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
NT
149
150
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
CZ RL
Walckenaeria corniculans (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Walckenaeria cucullata (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Walckenaeria cuspidata Blackwall, 1833
Walckenaeria dysderoides (Wider, 1834)
Walckenaeria furcillata (Menge, 1869)
Walckenaeria incisa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Walckenaeria kochi (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Walckenaeria mitrata (Menge, 1868)
Walckenaeria monoceros (Wider, 1834)
Walckenaeria nodosa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Walckenaeria nudipalpis (Westring, 1851)
Walckenaeria obtusa Blackwall, 1836
Walckenaeria simplex (Chyzer, 1894)
Walckenaeria suspecta (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Walckenaeria unicornis O.P.-Cambridge, 1861
Walckenaeria vigilax (Blackwall, 1853)
Zornella cultrigera (L. Koch, 1879)
Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804)
Metellina mengei (Blackwall, 1869)
Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763)
Metellina segmentata (Clerck, 1757)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
61589
61591
61593
61598
61602
61609
61615
61620
61621
61622
61623
61624
61631
61634
61636
61638
61647
66032
66038
66040
66041
Walckenaeria corniculans (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Walckenaeria cucullata (C.L.Koch, 1836)
Walckenaeria cuspidata Blackwall, 1833
Walckenaeria dysderoides (Wider, 1834)
Walckenaeria furcillata (Menge, 1869)
Walckenaeria incisa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Walckenaeria kochi (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Walckenaeria mitrata (Menge, 1868)
Walckenaeria monoceros (Wider, 1834)
Walckenaeria nodosa (O.P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Walckenaeria nudipalpis (Westring, 1851)
Walckenaeria obtusa Blackwall, 1836
Walckenaeria simplex (Chyzer, 1894)
Walckenaeria suspecta (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Walckenaeria unicornis O.P.-Cambridge, 1861
Walckenaeria vigilax (Blackwall, 1853)
Zornella cultrigera (L. Koch, 1879)
Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804)
Metellina mengei (Blackwall, 1869)
Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763)
Metellina segmentata (Clerck, 1757)
1
1
Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823
Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830
Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830
Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873
Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tetragnatha montana Simon, 1874
Tetragnatha nigrita Lendl, 1886
Tetragnatha obtusa C.L.Koch, 1837
Tetragnatha obtusa intermedia Kulczynski, 1891
Tetragnatha pinicola L.Koch, 1870
Tetragnatha striata L.Koch, 1862
Aculepeira ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802)
Agalenatea redii (Scopoli, 1763)
Araneus alsine (Walckenaer, 1802)
Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757
Araneus circe (Audouin, 1826)
Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757
Araneus grossus (C.L.Koch, 1844)
Araneus marmoreus Clerck, 1757
Araneus nordmanni (Thorell, 1870)
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnathidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
66043
66045
66046
66054
66058
66062
66063
66068
66066
66069
66072
55077
55080
55081
55095
55100
55107
55108
55111
55112
Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823
Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830
Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830
Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873
Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tetragnatha montana Simon, 1874
Tetragnatha nigrita Lendl, 1886
Tetragnatha obtusa C.L.Koch, 1837
Tetragnatha intermedia Kulczynski, 1891
Tetragnatha pinicola L.Koch, 1870
Tetragnatha striata L.Koch, 1862
Aculepeira ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802)
Agalenatea redii (Scopoli, 1763)
Araneus alsine (Walckenaer, 1802)
Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757
Araneus circe (Audouin, 1826)
Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757
Araneus grossus (C.L.Koch, 1844)
Araneus marmoreus Clerck, 1757
Araneus nordmanni (Thorell, 1870)
Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757
Araneus saevus (L.Koch, 1872)
Araneus sturmi (Hahn, 1831)
Araneus triguttatus (Fabricius, 1775)
Araniella alpica (L.Koch, 1869)
Araniella cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757)
Araniella displicata (Hentz, 1847)
Araniella inconspicua (Simon, 1874)
Araniella opisthographa (Kulczyҁski, 1905)
Araniella proxima (Kulczyҁski, 1885)
Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)
Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772)
Cercidia prominens (Westring, 1851)
Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772)
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
55118
55120
55122
55124
55127
55128
55129
55130
55132
55133
55137
55138
55140
55149
Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757
Araneus saevus (L.Koch, 1872)
Araneus sturmi (Hahn, 1831)
Araneus triguttatus (Fabricius, 1775)
Araniella alpica (L.Koch, 1869)
Araniella cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757)
Araniella displicata (Hentz, 1847)
Araniella inconspicua (Simon, 1874)
Araniella opisthographa (Kulczyҁski, 1905)
Araniella proxima (Kulczyҁski, 1885)
Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)
Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772)
Cercidia prominens (Westring, 1851)
Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772)
HU RL PL RL
Crit
RO RL
Crit SK RL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
VU
DD
1
1
1
EN
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
EN
DD
1
1
1
DD
1
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
CR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
D
1
1
1
1
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
VU
1
1
EN
1
LC
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
1
LC
LC
1
LC
1
VU
1
LC
1
LC
1
1?
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
DD
1
LC
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
VU
1
1
1
D
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
D
1
LC
1
1
EN
1
1
1
1
LC
1
VU
1
EN
1
CR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
RE?
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
EN
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B1a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
VU
DD
x
EN
LC
VU
LC
NT
VU
VU
VU
RE?
151
152
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer, 1802)
Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802)
Gibbaranea gibbosa (Walckenaer, 1802)
Gibbaranea omoeda (Thorell, 1870)
Gibbaranea ullrichi (Hahn, 1835)
Hypsosinga albovittata (Westring, 1851)
Hypsosinga heri (Hahn, 1831)
Hypsosinga pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831)
Hypsosinga sanguinea (C.L.Koch, 1844)
Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757)
Larinioides ixobolus (Thorell, 1873)
Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck, 1757)
Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck, 1757)
Larinioides suspicax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876)
Leviellus thorelli (Ausserer, 1871)
Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802)
Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802)
Nuctenea silvicultrix (C.L.Koch, 1844
Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757)
Parazygiella montana (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757)
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
55153
55162
55164
55166
55168
55170
55171
55172
55173
55178
55180
55182
55183
55184
55186
55187
55189
55195
55198
55199
55202
Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer, 1802)
Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802)
Gibbaranea gibbosa (Walckenaer, 1802)
Gibbaranea omoeda (Thorell, 1870)
Gibbaranea ullrichi (Hahn, 1835)
Hypsosinga albovittata (Westring, 1851)
Hypsosinga heri (Hahn, 1831)
Hypsosinga pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831)
Hypsosinga sanguinea (C.L.Koch, 1844)
Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757)
Larinioides ixobolus (Thorell, 1873)
Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck, 1757)
Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck, 1757)
Larinioides suspicax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876)
Leviellus thorelli (Ausserer, 1871)
Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802)
Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802)
Nuctenea silvicultrix (C.L.Koch, 1844
Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757)
Parazygiella montana (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757)
Singa lucina (Audouin, 1826)
Singa nitidula C.L.Koch, 1844
Stroemiellus stroemi (Thorell, 1870)
Zilla diodia (Walckenaer, 1802)
Zygiella atrica (C.L.Koch, 1845)
Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757)
Acantholycosa lignaria (Clerck, 1757)
Acantholycosa norvegica sudetica (L. Koch, 1875)
Alopecosa accentuata (Latreille, 1817)
Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832)
Alopecosa barbipes (Sundevall, 1833)
Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa cursor (Hahn, 1831)
Alopecosa fabrilis (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa inquilina (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa mariae (Dahl, 1908)
Alopecosa pinetorum (Thorell, 1856)
Alopecosa psammophila Buchar, 2001
Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757)
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Araneidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
55203
55205
55209
55211
55213
55219
61737
61738
61744
61745
61747
61755
61761
61762
61767
61776
61783
61790
61791
61793
Singa lucina (Audouin, 1826)
Singa nitidula C.L.Koch, 1844
Stroemiellus stroemi (Thorell, 1870)
Zilla diodia (Walckenaer, 1802)
Zygiella atrica (C.L.Koch, 1845)
Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757)
Acantholycosa lignaria (Clerck, 1757)
Acantholycosa norvegica sudetica (L. Koch, 1875)
Alopecosa accentuata (Latreille, 1817)
Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832)
Alopecosa barbipes (Sundevall, 1833)
Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa cursor (Hahn, 1831)
Alopecosa fabrilis (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa inquilina (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa mariae (Dahl, 1908)
Alopecosa pinetorum (Thorell, 1856)
Alopecosa psammophila Buchar, 2001
Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757)
Alopecosa reimoseri Kolosváry, 1834
Alopecosa schmidti (Hahn, 1835)
Alopecosa solitaria (Herman, 1876)
Alopecosa striatipes (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Alopecosa sulzeri (Pavesi, 1873)
Alopecosa taeniata (C.L.Koch, 1835)
Alopecosa trabalis (Clerck, 1757)
Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777)
Arctosa figurata (Simon, 1876)
Arctosa lamperti Dahl, 1908
Arctosa leopardus (Sundevall, 1833)
Arctosa lutetiana (Simon, 1876)
Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822)
Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799)
Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell, 1875)
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
61794
61796
61798
61801
61802
61803
61807
61814
61816
61810
61819
61821
61822
61826
61831
Alopecosa reimoseri Kolosváry, 1834
Alopecosa schmidti (Hahn, 1835)
Alopecosa solitaria (Herman, 1876)
Alopecosa striatipes (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Alopecosa sulzeri (Pavesi, 1873)
Alopecosa taeniata (C.L.Koch, 1835)
Alopecosa trabalis (Clerck, 1757)
Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777)
Arctosa figurata (Simon, 1876)
Arctosa alpigena lamperti Dahl, 1908
Arctosa leopardus (Sundevall, 1833)
Arctosa lutetiana (Simon, 1876)
Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822)
Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799)
Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell, 1875)
CZ RL
DD
1
LC
EN
VU
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
EN
1
VU
1
HU RL PL RL
VU
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
EN
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
VU
NT
VU
D
1
1
LC
LC
LC
1
LC
1
D
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
DD
1
1
LC
DD
LC
LC
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
VU
VU
1
1
1
VU
DD
RO RL
1
1
1
DD
1
DD
1
EN
EN
VU
CR
Crit
1
LC
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
LC
LC
Crit SK RL
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
VU
VU
1
1
1
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
VU
1
1
NT
1
1
1?
VU
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
DD
1
DD
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1?
1
1?
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
DD
DD
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
NT
LC
NT
LC
VU
LC
DD
DD
LC
VU
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
NT
NT
153
154
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Aulonia albimana (Walckenaer, 1805)
Geolycosa vultuosa (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Hogna radiata (Latreille, 1817)
Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (Ohlert, 18
Lycosa singoriensis (Laxmann, 1770)
Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861)
Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856)
Pardosa alacris (C.L.Koch, 1833)
Pardosa albatula (Roewer, 1951)
Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa bifasciata (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Pardosa blanda (C. L. Koch, 1833)
Pardosa evelinae Wunderlich, 1984
Pardosa ferruginea (L.Koch, 1870)
Pardosa fulvipes Collet, 1875
Pardosa hortensis (Thorell, 1872)
Pardosa kratochvílli (Kolosváry, 1934a)
Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802)
Pardosa monticola (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa morosa (L.Koch, 1870)
Pardosa nebulosa (Thorell, 1872)
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
61835
61840
61860
61862
61884
61897
61900
61901
61902
61903
61908
61909
61920
61922
61924
61928
61937
61942
61949
61950
61952
Aulonia albimana (Walckenaer, 1805)
Geolycosa vultuosa (C.L.Koch, 1838)
Hogna radiata (Latreille, 1817)
Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (Ohlert, 18
Lycosa singoriensis (Laxmann, 1770)
Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861)
Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856)
Pardosa alacris (C.L.Koch, 1833)
Pardosa albatula (Roewer, 1951)
Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa bifasciata (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Pardosa blanda (C. L. Koch, 1833)
Pardosa evelinae Wunderlich, 1984
Pardosa ferruginea (L.Koch, 1870)
Pardosa fulvipes Collet, 1875
Pardosa hortensis (Thorell, 1872)
Pardosa kratochvílli (Kolosváry, 1934a)
Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802)
Pardosa monticola (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa morosa (L.Koch, 1870)
Pardosa nebulosa (Thorell, 1872)
Pardosa nigra (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Pardosa nigriceps (Thorell, 1856)
Pardosa oreophila Simon, 1937
Pardosa paludicola (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pardosa poecila (Herman, 1879)
Pardosa prativaga (L.Koch, 1870)
Pardosa proxima (C.L.Koch, 1847)
Pardosa pullata (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa riparia (C.L.Koch, 1833)
Pardosa saltuaria (L.Koch, 1870)
Pardosa sordidata (Thorell, 1875)
Pardosa sphagnicola (F.Dahl, 1908)
Pardosa vittata (Keyserling, 1863)
Pardosa wagleri (Hahn, 1822)
Pirata insularis Emerton 1885
Pirata piraticus (Clerck, 1757)
Pirata piscatorius (Clerck, 1757)
Pirata tenuitarsis Simon, 1876
Pirata uliginosus (Thorell, 1856)
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
61953
61954
61959
61960
61962
61966
61969
61973
61976
61978
61980
61984
61985
61997
62000
62005
62008
62009
62013
62014
Pardosa nigra (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Pardosa nigriceps (Thorell, 1856)
Pardosa oreophila Simon, 1937
Pardosa paludicola (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pardosa poecila (Herman, 1879)
Pardosa prativaga (L.Koch, 1870)
Pardosa proxima (C.L.Koch, 1847)
Pardosa pullata (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa riparia (C.L.Koch, 1833)
Pardosa saltuaria (L.Koch, 1870)
Pardosa sordidata (Thorell, 1875)
Pardosa sphagnicola (F.Dahl, 1908)
Pardosa vittata (Keyserling, 1863)
Pardosa wagleri (Hahn, 1822)
Piratula insularis (Emerton 1885)
Pirata piraticus (Clerck, 1757)
Pirata piscatorius (Clerck, 1757)
Pirata tenuitarsis Simon, 1876
Pirata uliginosus (Thorell, 1856)
Piratula hygrophila (Thorell, 1872)
Piratula knorri (Scopoli, 1763)
Piratula latitans (Blackwall, 1841)
Trochosa robusta (Simon, 1876)
Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778)
Trochosa spinipalpis (F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1895)
Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856
Xerolycosa miniata (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861)
Dolomedes fimbriatus (Clerck, 1757)
Dolomedes plantarius (Clerck, 1757)
Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757)
Oxyopes heterophthalmus (Latreille, 1804)
Oxyopes lineatus Latreille, 1806
Oxyopes ramosus (Martini & Goeze, 1778)
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Lycosidae
Pisauridae
Pisauridae
Pisauridae
Oxyopidae
Oxyopidae
Oxyopidae
62004
62006
62007
62027
62028
62029
62030
62035
62036
64295
64297
64300
63305
63308
63311
Piratula hygrophila (Thorell, 1872)
Piratula knorri (Scopoli, 1763)
Piratula latitans (Blackwall, 1841)
Trochosa robusta (Simon, 1876)
Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778)
Trochosa spinipalpis (F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1895)
Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856
Xerolycosa miniata (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861)
Dolomedes fimbriatus (Clerck, 1757)
Dolomedes plantarius (Clerck, 1757)
Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757)
Oxyopes heterophthalmus (Latreille, 1804)
Oxyopes lineatus Latreille, 1806
Oxyopes ramosus (Martini & Goeze, 1778)
CZ RL
1
HU RL PL RL
LC
Crit
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
RE?
1
CR
1
1
1
DD
LC
LC
1
1
1
VU
1
1
LC
1
1
VU
LC
LC
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
LC
CR
1
DD
DD
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
DD
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
B1, D
D
LC
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
EN
1
NT
1
1
D
LC
VU
VU
1
RO RL
LC
LC
LC
D
NT
1
1
LC
LC
Crit SK RL
1
NT
1
EN
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
1
1
1
1
VU
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
EN
1
VU
VU
1
1
1
1
1
VU
RE?
1
1
1
1
1
DD
DD
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
LC
LC
LC
1
LC
LC
D
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
VU
1
NT
DD
1
1?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
1
NT
1
1
1
NT
VU
1
1
EN
LC
Crit
1
1
NT
DD
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
DD
1
1
1
DD
DD
DD
NT
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
1?
1
1
1
1
1
EN
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
B1a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
NT
VU
NT
NT
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD
LC
NT
EN
LC
NT
155
156
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Zora armillata Simon, 1878
Zora distincta Kulczyҁski, 1915
Zora manicata Simon, 1878
Zora nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861)
Zora parallela Simon, 1878
Zora pardalis Simon, 1878
Zora silvestris Kulczyҁski, 1897
Zora spinimana (Sundevall, 1833)
Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757)
Allagelena gracilens (C.L.Koch, 1841)
Histopona luxurians (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Histopona torpida (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Malthonica campestris (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Malthonica ferruginea (Panzer, 1804)
Malthonica pagana (C.L. Koch, 1840)
Malthonica picta Simon, 1870
Malthonica silvestris (L.Koch, 1872)
Tegenaria agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802)
Tegenaria atrica C.L.Koch, 1843
Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)
Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785)
Zoridae
Zoridae
Zoridae
Zoridae
Zoridae
Zoridae
Zoridae
Zoridae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
67758
67759
67761
67762
67764
67765
67767
67768
54569
54568
54590
54596
54611
54615
54622
54625
54632
54644
54644
54659
54686
Zora armillata Simon, 1878
Zora distincta Kulczyҁski, 1915
Zora manicata Simon, 1878
Zora nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861)
Zora parallela Simon, 1878
Zora pardalis Simon, 1878
Zora silvestris Kulczyҁski, 1897
Zora spinimana (Sundevall, 1833)
Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757)
Allagelena gracilens (C.L.Koch, 1841)
Histopona luxurians (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Histopona torpida (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Tegenaria campestris (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Tegenaria ferruginea (Panzer, 1804)
Tegenaria pagana C.L. Koch, 1840
Eratigena picta (Simon, 1870)
Tegenaria silvestris L.Koch, 1872
Eratigena agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802)
Eratigena atrica (C.L.Koch, 1843)
Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)
Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785)
Tegenaria tridentina L.Koch, 1872
Textrix denticulata (Olivier, 1789)
Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1757)
Cybaeus angustiarum L.Koch, 1868
Cybaeus tetricus (C. L. Koch, 1839)
Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841)
Cryphoeca carpathica Herman, 1879
Cryphoeca silvicola (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Hahnia candida Simon, 1875
Hahnia difficilis Harm, 1966
Hahnia helveola Simon, 1875
Hahnia montana (Blackwall, 1841)
Hahnia nava (Blackwall, 1841)
Hahnia ononidum Simon, 1875
Hahnia picta Kulczyҁski, 1897
Hahnia pusilla C.L.Koch, 1841
Altella biuncata (Miller, 1949)
Altella lucida (Simon, 1874)
Archaeodictyna ammophila (Menge, 1871)
Archaeodictyna consecuta (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Agelenidae
Agelenidae
Cybaeidae
Cybaeidae
Cybaeidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Hahniidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
54700
54706
56437
56440
56447
59172
59174
59181
59185
59186
59188
59194
59195
59196
59198
59199
56566
56568
56572
56573
Tegenaria tridentina L.Koch, 1872
Textrix denticulata (Olivier, 1789)
Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1757)
Cybaeus angustiarum L.Koch, 1868
Cybaeus tetricus (C. L. Koch, 1839)
Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841)
Cryphoeca carpathica Herman, 1879
Cryphoeca silvicola (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Hahnia candida Simon, 1875
Hahnia difficilis Harm, 1966
Hahnia helveola Simon, 1875
Hahnia montana (Blackwall, 1841)
Hahnia nava (Blackwall, 1841)
Hahnia ononidum Simon, 1875
Hahnia picta Kulczyҁski, 1897
Hahnia pusilla C.L.Koch, 1841
Altella biuncata (Miller, 1949)
Altella lucida (Simon, 1874)
Archaeodictyna ammophila (Menge, 1871)
Archaeodictyna consecuta (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Archaeodictyna minutissima (Miller, 1954)
Argenna patula (Simon, 1874)
Argenna subnigra (O.P.-Cambridge, 1861)
Brommella falcigera (Balogh, 1935)
Cicurina cicur (Fabricius, 1793)
Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dictyna civica (Lucas, 1850)
Dictyna latens (Fabricius, 1775)
Dictyna major Menge, 1869
Dictyna pusilla Thorell, 1856
Dictyna uncinata Thorell, 1856
Dictyna vicina Simon, 1873
Emblyna annulipes (Blackwall, 1846)
Emblyna brevidens (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Lathys humilis (Blackwall, 1855)
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
56574
56576
56577
56578
56582
56590
56591
56599
56600
56602
56606
56608
56610
56611
56620
Archaeodictyna minutissima (Miller, 1954)
Argenna patula (Simon, 1874)
Argenna subnigra (O.P.-Cambridge, 1861)
Brommella falcigera (Balogh, 1935)
Cicurina cicur (Fabricius, 1793)
Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dictyna civica (Lucas, 1850)
Dictyna latens (Fabricius, 1775)
Dictyna major Menge, 1869
Dictyna pusilla Thorell, 1856
Dictyna uncinata Thorell, 1856
Dictyna vicina Simon, 1873
Emblyna annulipes (Blackwall, 1846)
Emblyna brevidens (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Lathys humilis (Blackwall, 1855)
CZ RL
EN
EN
NT
1
EN
DD
1
1
1
1
HU RL PL RL
EN
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
1
DD
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
1
DD
LC
DD
LC
DD
1
LC
1
1
EN
1
1
1
EN
CR
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
RO RL
D
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
Crit
EN
1
EN
VU
1
CR
D
D
LC
LC
LC
D
Crit SK RL
EN
VU
NT
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1?
1
1
1
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
1
1
NT
1
VU
1
VU
1
1
EN
1
VU
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1
1?
1?
1
EN
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
VU
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
LC
DD
EN
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
EN
NT
LC
LC
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
D2
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
DD
EN
1
VU
1
1
1
1
CR
1
1
DD
NT
VU
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
EN
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x
VU
EN
NT
VU
LC
VU
x
DD
VU
VU
NT
LC
EN
VU
LC
DD
DD
EN
VU
VU
DD
NT
VU
157
158
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
CZ RL
Lathys stigmatisata (Menge, 1869)
Marilynia bicolor (Simon, 1870)
Mastigusa arietina (Thorell, 1871)
Mastigusa macrophthalma (Kulczynski, 1897)
Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer, 1830)
Nigma walckenaeri (Roewer, 1951)
Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling, 1863)
Amaurobius fenestralis (Stroem, 1768)
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830)
Amaurobius jugorum L.Koch, 1868
Amaurobius obustus L. Koch, 1868
Amaurobius pallidus L.Koch, 1868
Callobius claustrarius (Hahn, 1833)
Coelotes atropos (Walckenaer, 1830)
Coelotes mediocris Kulczyҁski, 1887
Coelotes pickardi carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
syn Coelotes pastor carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
Coelotes terrestris (Wider, 1834)
Eurocoelotes falciger (Kulczynski, 1897)
Inermocoelotes inermis (L.Koch, 1855)
Urocoras longispinus (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Dictynidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
56628
56631
56632
56634
56636
56641
54790
54791
54792
54796
54801
54805
54818
54822
54826
54829
VU
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae
54840
54848
54850
54858
Lathys stigmatisata (Menge, 1869)
Marilynia bicolor (Simon, 1870)
Mastigusa arietina (Thorell, 1871)
Mastigusa macrophthalma (Kulczynski, 1897)
Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer, 1830)
Nigma walckenaeri (Roewer, 1951)
Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling, 1863)
Amaurobius fenestralis (Stroem, 1768)
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830)
Amaurobius jugorum L.Koch, 1868
Amaurobius obustus L. Koch, 1868
Amaurobius pallidus L.Koch, 1868
Callobius claustrarius (Hahn, 1833)
Coelotes atropos (Walckenaer, 1830)
Coelotes mediocris Kulczyҁski, 1887
Coelotes pickardi carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
syn Coelotes pastor carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
Coelotes terrestris (Wider, 1834)
Eurocoelotes falciger (Kulczynski, 1897)
Inermocoelotes inermis (L.Koch, 1855)
Urocoras longispinus (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Titanoeca psammophila Wunderlich, 1993
Titanoeca quadriguttata (Hahn, 1833)
Titanoeca schineri L.Koch, 1872
Titanoeca tristis L.Koch, 1872
Titanoeca veteranica Herman, 1879
Cheiracanthium campestre Lohmander, 1944
Cheiracanthium cuniculum Herman, 1879
Cheiracanthium effossum Herman, 1879
Cheiracanthium elegans Thorell, 1875
Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Cheiracanthium mildei L.Koch, 1864
Cheiracanthium montanum L.Koch, 1878
Cheiracanthium oncognathum Thorell, 1871
Cheiracanthium pelasgicum (C. L. Koch, 1837)
Cheiracanthium pennyi O.P.-Cambridge, 1873
Cheiracanthium punctorium (Villers, 1789)
Cheiracanthium rupestre Herman, 1879
Cheiracanthium seidlitzii L.Koch, 1864
Cheiracanthium virescens (Sundevall, 1833)
Anyphaena accentuata (Walckenaer, 1802)
Titanoecidae
Titanoecidae
Titanoecidae
Titanoecidae
Titanoecidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Miturgidae
Anyphaenidae
66702
66703
66704
66705
66707
62362
62365
62366
62367
62368
62377
62378
62380
62381
62383
62384
62385
62387
62389
55043
Titanoeca psammophila Wunderlich, 1993
Titanoeca quadriguttata (Hahn, 1833)
Titanoeca schineri L.Koch, 1872
Titanoeca tristis L.Koch, 1872
Titanoeca veteranica Herman, 1879
Cheiracanthium campestre Lohmander, 1944
Cheiracanthium cuniculum Herman, 1879
Cheiracanthium effossum Herman, 1879
Cheiracanthium elegans Thorell, 1875
Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Cheiracanthium mildei L.Koch, 1864
Cheiracanthium montanum L.Koch, 1878
Cheiracanthium oncognathum Thorell, 1871
Cheiracanthium pelasgicum (C. L. Koch, 1837)
Cheiracanthium pennyi O.P.-Cambridge, 1873
Cheiracanthium punctorium (Villers, 1789)
Cheiracanthium rupestre Herman, 1879
Cheiracanthium seidlitzii L.Koch, 1864
Cheiracanthium virescens (Sundevall, 1833)
Anyphaena accentuata (Walckenaer, 1802)
1
1
1
RE?
Anyphaena furva Miller, 1967
Agroeca brunnea (Blackwall, 1833)
Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873
Agroeca lusatica (L.Koch, 1875)
Agroeca proxima (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Apostenus fuscus Westring, 1851
Liocranoeca striata (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830)
Mesiotelus annulipes (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Sagana rutilans Thorell, 1875
Scotina celans (Blackwall, 1841)
Scotina palliardi (L.Koch, 1881)
Clubiona alpicola Kulczyҁski, 1882
Clubiona brevipes Blackwall, 1841
Clubiona caerulescens L.Koch, 1867
Anyphaenidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Liocranidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
55045
61653
61654
61658
61661
61663
61679
61687
61691
61700
61701
61704
56292
56296
56297
Anyphaena furva Miller, 1967
Agroeca brunnea (Blackwall, 1833)
Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873
Agroeca lusatica (L.Koch, 1875)
Agroeca proxima (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Apostenus fuscus Westring, 1851
Liocranoeca striata (Kulczyҁski, 1882)
Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830)
Mesiotelus annulipes (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Sagana rutilans Thorell, 1875
Scotina celans (Blackwall, 1841)
Scotina palliardi (L.Koch, 1881)
Clubiona alpicola Kulczyҁski, 1882
Clubiona brevipes Blackwall, 1841
Clubiona caerulescens L.Koch, 1867
HU RL PL RL
1
1
1
CR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
Crit
RO RL
Crit SK RL
1
LC
v
LC
1?
LC
1
LC
LC
EN
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
DD
1
LC
Crit
B2a,b, C2a, D1
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
EN
1
1
1
DD
1
1
1?
1
1
DD
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
DD
LC
1
LC
LC
1
LC
LC
LC
1
NT
1
EN
EN
EN
1
1
EN
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
NT
EN
1
NT
1
1
1
NT
VU
LC
1
LC
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
DD
EN
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
EN
EN
LC
VU
NT
LC
1
1
VU
EN
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
1
LC
DD
LC
1
NT
EN
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
D2
1
LC
EN
1
1
1
EN
1
1
EN
EN
1
NT
1
1
NT
1
NT
1
NT
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
DD
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
NT
LC
DD
NT
DD
NT
LC
EN
NT
VU
NT
LC
NT
NT
LC
VU
EN
NT
NT
DD
LC
NT
LC
LC
159
160
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Clubiona comta C.L.Koch, 1839
Clubiona corticalis (Walckenaer, 1802)
Clubiona diversa O.P.-Cambridge, 1862
Clubiona frisia Wunderlich & Schuett, 1995
Clubiona frutetorum L.Koch, 1866
Clubiona genevensis L.Koch, 1866
Clubiona germanica Thorell, 1871
Clubiona juvenis Simon, 1878
Clubiona kulczynskii Lessert, 1905
Clubiona leucaspis Simon, 1932
Clubiona lutescens Westring, 1851
Clubiona marmorata L.Koch, 1866
Clubiona neglecta O.P.-Cambridge, 1862
Clubiona norvegica Strand, 1900
Clubiona pallidula (Clerck, 1757)
Clubiona phragmitis C.L.Koch, 1843
Clubiona pseudoneglecta Wunderlich, 1994
Clubiona reclusa O.P.-Cambridge, 1863
Clubiona rosserae Locket, 1953
Clubiona saxatilis L.Koch, 1866
Clubiona similis L. Koch, 1867
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
56299
56303
56307
56309
56310
56311
56312
56316
56317
56318
56319
56320
56324
56325
56327
56328
56331
56334
56337
56342
56343
Clubiona comta C.L.Koch, 1839
Clubiona corticalis (Walckenaer, 1802)
Clubiona diversa O.P.-Cambridge, 1862
Clubiona frisia Wunderlich & Schuett, 1995
Clubiona frutetorum L.Koch, 1866
Clubiona genevensis L.Koch, 1866
Clubiona germanica Thorell, 1871
Clubiona juvenis Simon, 1878
Clubiona kulczynskii Lessert, 1905
Clubiona leucaspis Simon, 1932
Clubiona lutescens Westring, 1851
Clubiona marmorata L.Koch, 1866
Clubiona neglecta O.P.-Cambridge, 1862
Clubiona norvegica Strand, 1900
Clubiona pallidula (Clerck, 1757)
Clubiona phragmitis C.L.Koch, 1843
Clubiona pseudoneglecta Wunderlich, 1994
Clubiona reclusa O.P.-Cambridge, 1863
Clubiona rosserae Locket, 1953
Clubiona saxatilis L.Koch, 1866
Clubiona similis L. Koch, 1867
Clubiona stagnatilis Kulczyҁski, 1897
Clubiona subsultans Thorell, 1875
Clubiona subtilis L.Koch, 1867
Clubiona terrestris Westring, 1851
Clubiona trivialis C.L.Koch, 1843
Cetonana laticeps (Canestrini, 1868)
Phrurolithus festivus (C.L.Koch, 1835)
Phrurolithus minimus C.L.Koch, 1839
Phrurolithus nigrinus (Simon, 1878)
Phrurolithus pullatus Kulczyҁski, 1897
Phrurolithus szilyi Herman, 1879
Zodarion aculeatum Chyzer, 1897
Zodarion germanicum (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914
Aphantaulax cincta (L.Koch, 1866)
Aphantaulax trifasciata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Berlandina cinerea (Menge, 1872)
Callilepis nocturna (Linnaeus, 1758)
Callilepis schuszteri (Herman, 1879)
Cryptodrassus hungaricus (Balogh, 1935)
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Clubionidae
Corinnidae
Corinnidae
Corinnidae
Corinnidae
Corinnidae
Corinnidae
Zodariidae
Zodariidae
Zodariidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
56344
56345
56346
56347
56348
56354
56360
56362
56363
56364
56367
67676
67703
67741
58684
58686
58692
58701
58702
58707
Clubiona stagnatilis Kulczyҁski, 1897
Clubiona subsultans Thorell, 1875
Clubiona subtilis L.Koch, 1867
Clubiona terrestris Westring, 1851
Clubiona trivialis C.L.Koch, 1843
Cetonana laticeps (Canestrini, 1868)
Phrurolithus festivus (C.L.Koch, 1835)
Phrurolithus minimus C.L.Koch, 1839
Phrurolithus nigrinus (Simon, 1878)
Phrurolithus pullatus Kulczyҁski, 1897
Phrurolithus szilyi Herman, 1879
Zodarion aculeatum Chyzer, 1897
Zodarion germanicum (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914
Aphantaulax cincta (L.Koch, 1866)
Aphantaulax trifasciata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Berlandina cinerea (Menge, 1872)
Callilepis nocturna (Linnaeus, 1758)
Callilepis schuszteri (Herman, 1879)
Cryptodrassus hungaricus (Balogh, 1935)
Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834)
Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Drassodes pubescens (Thorell, 1856)
Drassodes villosus (Thorell, 1856)
Drassodex hypocrita (Simon, 1878)
Drassyllus lutetianus (L.Koch, 1866)
Drassyllus praeficus (L.Koch, 1866)
Drassyllus pumilus (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Drassyllus pusillus (C.L.Koch, 1833)
Drassyllus villicus (Thorell, 1875)
Drassyllus vinealis (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Echemus angustifrons (Westring, 1861)
Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878
Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833)
Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
58718
58725
58744
58759
58766
58769
58770
58772
58773
58775
58776
58778
58782
58788
58795
Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834)
Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Drassodes pubescens (Thorell, 1856)
Drassodes villosus (Thorell, 1856)
Drassodex hypocrita (Simon, 1878)
Drassyllus lutetianus (L.Koch, 1866)
Drassyllus praeficus (L.Koch, 1866)
Drassyllus pumilus (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Drassyllus pusillus (C.L.Koch, 1833)
Drassyllus villicus (Thorell, 1875)
Drassyllus vinealis (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Echemus angustifrons (Westring, 1861)
Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878
Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833)
Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879
CZ RL
HU RL PL RL
1
LC
1
LC
Crit
RO RL
Crit SK RL
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
NT
NT
1
EN
DD
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
NT
1
DD
1
1
1
DD
DD
DD
1
1
1
1
1
CR
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
CR
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
NT
LC
LC
1
CR
LC
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
EN
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
VU
VU
VU
1
1
CR
Crit
1
1
LC
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
LC
NT
1
DD
DD
NT
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1?
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
EN
CR
VU
1
1
VU
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
1
1
1
EN
EN
1
RE?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
EN
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
syn.
1
?
LC
LC
LC
DD
NT
EN
NT
LC
LC
LC
NT
EN
EN
NT
EN
EN
EN
161
162
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866)
Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)
Gnaphosa lugubris (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939
Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyҁski, 1897 G. alpica Simon, 1878
Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875
Gnaphosa montana (L.Koch, 1866)
Gnaphosa muscorum (L.Koch, 1866)
Gnaphosa nigerrima L.Koch, 1877
Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879
Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872
Haplodrassus cognatus (Westring, 1861)
Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L.Koch, 1866)
Haplodrassus kulczynskii Lohmander, 1942
Haplodrassus minor (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Haplodrassus moderatus (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Haplodrassus severus (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Haplodrassus signifer (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833)
Haplodrassus soerenseni (Strand, 1900)
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
58803
58806
58808
58809
58810
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
58811
58813
58815
58817
58822
58825
58847
58851
58855
58858
58859
58861
58862
58863
58864
Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866)
Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)
Gnaphosa lugubris (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939
Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyҁski, 1897 G. alpica Simon, 1878
Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875
Gnaphosa montana (L.Koch, 1866)
Gnaphosa muscorum (L.Koch, 1866)
Gnaphosa nigerrima L.Koch, 1877
Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879
Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872
Haplodrassus cognatus (Westring, 1861)
Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L.Koch, 1866)
Haplodrassus kulczynskii Lohmander, 1942
Haplodrassus minor (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Haplodrassus moderatus (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Haplodrassus severus (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Haplodrassus signifer (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833)
Haplodrassus soerenseni (Strand, 1900)
Haplodrassus umbratilis (L.Koch, 1866)
Kishidaia conspicua (L.Koch, 1866)
Micaria albovittata (Lucas, 1846)
Micaria coarctata (Lucas, 1846)
Micaria dives (Lucas, 1846)
Micaria formicaria (Sundevall, 1832)
Micaria fulgens (Walckenaer, 1802)
Micaria guttulata (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Micaria lenzi Bösenberg, 1899
Micaria nivosa L.Koch, 1866
Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall, 1831)
Micaria rossica Thorell, 1875
Micaria silesiaca L.Koch, 1875
Micaria sociabilis Kulczyҁski, 1897
Micaria subopaca Westring, 1861
Nomisia aussereri (L. Koch, 1872)
Nomisia exornata (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Parasyrisca vinosa (Simon, 1878)
Phaeocedus braccatus (L.Koch, 1866)
Poecilochroa variana (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
58866
58868
58880
58886
58889
58892
58893
58898
58901
58902
58905
58906
58908
58911
58912
58916
58919
58930
58932
58944
Haplodrassus umbratilis (L.Koch, 1866)
Kishidaia conspicua (L.Koch, 1866)
Micaria albovittata (Lucas, 1846)
Micaria coarctata (Lucas, 1846)
Micaria dives (Lucas, 1846)
Micaria formicaria (Sundevall, 1832)
Micaria fulgens (Walckenaer, 1802)
Micaria guttulata (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Micaria lenzi Bösenberg, 1899
Micaria nivosa L.Koch, 1866
Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall, 1831)
Micaria rossica Thorell, 1875
Micaria silesiaca L.Koch, 1875
Micaria sociabilis Kulczyҁski, 1897
Micaria subopaca Westring, 1861
Nomisia aussereri (L. Koch, 1872)
Nomisia exornata (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Parasyrisca vinosa (Simon, 1878)
Phaeocedus braccatus (L.Koch, 1866)
Poecilochroa variana (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell, 1871)
Scotophaeus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scotophaeus scutulatus (L.Koch, 1866)
Sosticus loricatus (L.Koch, 1866)
Trachyzelotes barbatus (L. Koch, 1866)
Trachyzelotes pedestris (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Zelotes aeneus (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes apricorum (L.Koch, 1876)
Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes aurantiacus Miller, 1967
Zelotes caucasius (L.Koch, 1866)
Zelotes clivicola (L.Koch, 1870)
Zelotes electus (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871)
Zelotes exiguus (Müller & Schenkel, 1895)
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
58970
58981
58983
58996
59003
59013
59021
59024
59027
59028
59035
59038
59051
59052
59053
Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell, 1871)
Scotophaeus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scotophaeus scutulatus (L.Koch, 1866)
Sosticus loricatus (L.Koch, 1866)
Trachyzelotes barbatus (L. Koch, 1866)
Trachyzelotes pedestris (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Zelotes aeneus (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes apricorum (L.Koch, 1876)
Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes aurantiacus Miller, 1967
Civizelotes caucasius (L.Koch, 1866)
Zelotes clivicola (L.Koch, 1870)
Zelotes electus (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871)
Zelotes exiguus (Müller & Schenkel, 1895)
CZ RL
1
1
HU RL PL RL
Crit
RO RL
1
LC
LC
LC
VU
B1a
LC
DD
Crit SK RL
Crit
1
1
EN
DD
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
LC
VU
NT
LC
EN
EN
1
LC
D
D
1
NT
1
1
1
DD
VU
NT
1
DD
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
LC
1
VU
CR
EN
NT
1
EN
CR
EN
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
NT
LC
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
1
VU
VU
1
1
1
1
1?
1
1
EN
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
VU
EN
1
1
1
VU
DD
LC
1
CR
1
EN
VU
1?
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
VU
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
DD
LC
LC
EN
1
VU
1
CR
NT
1
LC
1
LC
LC
LC
1
1
LC
NT
1
DD
DD
1
NT
1
1
RE?
LC
LC
1
1
D
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
VU
1
VU
1
CR
1
NT
1
1
1
VU
DD
DD?
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
DD
LC
VU
NT
DD
NT
VU
NT
NT
LC
VU
VU
LC
CR
VU
NT
LC
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
LC
NT
VU
LC
VU
163
164
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
CZ RL
Zelotes gracilis (Canestrini, 1868)
Zelotes hermani (Chyzer, 1897)
Zelotes latreillei (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes longipes (L.Koch, 1866)
Zelotes mundus (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Zelotes oblongus (C.L. Koch, 1833)
Zelotes petrensis (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Zelotes puritanus Chamberlin, 1922
Zelotes pygmaeus Miller, 1943
Zelotes segrex (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes subterraneus (C.L.Koch, 1833)
Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767)
Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757)
Micrommata virescens ornata (Walckenaer, 1802)
Philodromus albidus Kulczyҁski, 1897
Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)
Philodromus buchari Kubcová, 2004
Philodromus buxi Simon, 1884
Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Philodromus collinus C.L.Koch, 1835
Philodromus corticinus (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosidae
Sparassidae
Sparassidae
Sparassidae
Sparassidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
59064
59066
59075
59077
59086
59091
59098
59104
59105
59114
59121
65405
65413
65412
63721
63724
63729
63730
63733
63734
63735
Civizelotes gracilis (Canestrini, 1868)
Zelotes hermani (Chyzer, 1897)
Zelotes latreillei (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes longipes (L.Koch, 1866)
Zelotes mundus (Kulczyҁski, 1897)
Zelotes oblongus (C.L. Koch, 1833)
Zelotes petrensis (C.L.Koch, 1839)
Zelotes puritanus Chamberlin, 1922
Civizelotes pygmaeus (Miller, 1943)
Zelotes segrex (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes subterraneus (C.L.Koch, 1833)
Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767)
Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757)
Micrommata virescens ornata (Walckenaer, 1802)
Philodromus albidus Kulczyҁski, 1897
Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)
Philodromus buchari Kubcová, 2004
Philodromus buxi Simon, 1884
Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Philodromus collinus C.L.Koch, 1835
Philodromus laricium Simon, 1875
NT
Philodromus dispar Walckenaer, 1826
Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803)
Philodromus fallax Sundevall, 1833
Philodromus fuscolimbatus Lucas, 1846
Philodromus fuscomarginatus (De Geer, 1778)
Philodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819)
Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870
Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck, 1757)
Philodromus marmoratus Kulczyҁski, 1891
Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872)
Philodromus praedatus O.P.-Cambridge, 1871
Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826
Philodromus vagulus Simon, 1875
Thanatus arenarius Thorell, 1872
Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875
Thanatus coloradensis Keyserling, 1880
Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757)
Thanatus pictus L.Koch, 1881
Thanatus sabulosus (Menge, 1875)
Thanatus striatus C.L.Koch, 1845
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
63739
63742
63743
63744
63745
63750
63754
63756
63757
63764
63765
63770
63773
63779
63782
63784
63790
63803
63806
63807
Philodromus dispar Walckenaer, 1826
Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803)
Philodromus fallax Sundevall, 1833
Philodromus fuscolimbatus Lucas, 1846
Philodromus fuscomarginatus (De Geer, 1778)
Philodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819)
Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870
Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck, 1757)
Philodromus marmoratus Kulczyҁski, 1891
Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872)
Philodromus praedatus O.P.-Cambridge, 1871
Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826
Philodromus vagulus Simon, 1875
Thanatus arenarius Thorell, 1872
Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875
Thanatus coloradensis Keyserling, 1880
Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757)
Thanatus pictus L.Koch, 1881
Thanatus sabulosus (Menge, 1875)
Thanatus striatus C.L.Koch, 1845
Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870
Tibellus macellus Simon, 1875
Tibellus maritimus (Menge, 1875)
Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Coriarachne depressa (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Cozyptila blackwalli (Simon, 1875)
Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777)
Diaea livens Simon, 1876
Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775)
Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819)
Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886
Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757)
Monaeses paradoxus (Lucas, 1846)
Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801)
Ozyptila brevipes (Hahn, 1826)
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Philodromidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
63809
63811
63812
63815
66492
66493
66496
66498
66499
66503
66505
66512
66514
66518
66522
Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870 = auratus Simon, 1875
Tibellus macellus Simon, 1875
Tibellus maritimus (Menge, 1875)
Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Coriarachne depressa (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Cozyptila blackwalli (Simon, 1875)
Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777)
Diaea livens Simon, 1876
Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775)
Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819)
Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886
Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757)
Monaeses paradoxus (Lucas, 1846)
Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801)
Ozyptila brevipes (Hahn, 1826)
1
1
HU RL PL RL
LC
Crit
RO RL
1
DD
1
LC
1
1
Crit SK RL
Crit
1
1
1
1
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
DD
1
1
1
NT
EN
1
LC
1
LC
1
LC
1
LC
DD
1
EN
VU
EN
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
LC
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
DD
1
1
1
1
LC
1
DD
DD
1
1
1
DD
RE?
NT
NT
1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
1
1
DD
1
EN
EN
NT
NT
EN
DD
DD
1
1
1?
1
EN
1
NT
1
1
CR
LC
LC
1
D
LC
LC
1
NT
NT
CR
1
1
1
1
1
EN
1
NT
LC
LC
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
LC
1
1
EN
LC
1
LC
1
LC
DD
1
LC
1
1
1
1
LC
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
DD
1
CR?
1
NT
CR
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
EN
DD
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1?
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
VU
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
DD
1
1
1
DD
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
syn.
1
1
1
1
DD
DD
VU
NT
EN
DD
NT
NT
LC
LC
VU
VU
NT
LC
EN
VU
DD
NT
165
166
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Ozyptila claveata (Walckenaer, 1837)
Ozyptila gertschi Kurata, 1944
Ozyptila praticola (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Ozyptila pullata (Thorell, 1875)
Ozyptila rauda Simon, 1875
Ozyptila scabricula (Westring, 1851)
Ozyptila simplex (O.P.-Cambridge, 186
Ozyptila trux (Blackwall, 1846)
Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772)
Runcinia grammica (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775)
Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1806
Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802)
Tmarus stellio Simon, 1875
Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872
Xysticus albomaculatus Kulczyҁski, 1891
Xysticus alpicola Kulczyҁski, 1882
Xysticus audax (Schrank, 1803)
Xysticus bifasciatus C.L.Koch, 1837
Xysticus bliteus (Simon, 1875)
Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757)
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
66523
66530
66539
66540
66541
66544
66546
66552
66555
66556
66560
66569
66574
66579
66583
66586
66587
66593
66595
66596
66611
Ozyptila claveata (Walckenaer, 1837)
Ozyptila gertschi Kurata, 1944
Ozyptila praticola (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Ozyptila pullata (Thorell, 1875)
Ozyptila rauda Simon, 1875
Ozyptila scabricula (Westring, 1851)
Ozyptila simplex (O.P.-Cambridge, 186
Ozyptila trux (Blackwall, 1846)
Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772)
Runcinia grammica (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775)
Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1806
Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802)
Tmarus stellio Simon, 1875
Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872
Xysticus albomaculatus Kulczyҁski, 1891
Xysticus alpicola Kulczyҁski, 1882
Xysticus audax (Schrank, 1803)
Xysticus bifasciatus C.L.Koch, 1837
Xysticus bliteus (Simon, 1875)
Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757)
Xysticus desidiosus Simon, 1875
Xysticus embriki Kolosváry, 1935
Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834)
Xysticus ferrugineus Menge, 1876
Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875
Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872
Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872
Xysticus lanio C.L.Koch, 1835
Xysticus lineatus (Westring, 1851)
Xysticus luctator L.Koch, 1870
Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836)
Xysticus marmoratus Thorell, 1875
Xysticus ninnii Thorell, 1872
Xysticus obscurus Collett, 1877
Xysticus robustus (Hahn, 1832)
Xysticus sabulosus (Hahn, 1832)
Xysticus slovacus Svaton, Pekar & Pridavka, 1999
Xysticus strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Xysticus striatipes L.Koch, 1870
Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1832)
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
66612
66616
66618
66619
66623
66632
66633
66637
66640
66642
66643
66646
66650
66653
66659
66660
66666
66669
66670
66678
Xysticus desidiosus Simon, 1875
Xysticus embriki Kolosváry, 1935
Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834)
Xysticus ferrugineus Menge, 1876
Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875
Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872
Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872
Xysticus lanio C.L.Koch, 1835
Xysticus lineatus (Westring, 1851)
Xysticus luctator L.Koch, 1870
Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836)
Xysticus marmoratus Thorell, 1875
Xysticus ninnii Thorell, 1872
Xysticus obscurus Collett, 1877
Xysticus robustus (Hahn, 1832)
Xysticus sabulosus (Hahn, 1832)
Xysticus slovacus Svaton, Pekar & Pridavka, 1999
Xysticus strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Xysticus striatipes L.Koch, 1870
Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1832)
Xysticus viduus Kulczyҁski, 1898
Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757)
Afraflacilla epiblemoides (Chyzer, 1891)
Asianellus festivus (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Attulus helveolus (Simon, 1871)
Ballus chalybeius (Walckenaer, 1802)
Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille, 1819)
Chalcoscirtus brevicymbialis Wunderlich, 1980
Chalcoscirtus infimus (Simon, 1868)
Cyrba algerina (Lucas, 1846)
Dendryphantes hastatus (Clerck, 1757)
Dendryphantes rudis (Sundevall, 1833)
Euophrys frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802)
Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757)
Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757)
Thomisidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
66681
64816
64817
64818
64820
64823
64832
64835
64838
64846
64850
64855
64863
64888
64891
Xysticus viduus Kulczyҁski, 1898
Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757)
Afraflacilla epiblemoides (Chyzer, 1891)
Asianellus festivus (C.L.Koch, 1834)
Attulus helveolus (Simon, 1871)
Ballus chalybeius (Walckenaer, 1802)
Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille, 1819)
Chalcoscirtus brevicymbialis Wunderlich, 1980
Chalcoscirtus infimus (Simon, 1868)
Cyrba algerina (Lucas, 1846)
Dendryphantes hastatus (Clerck, 1757)
Dendryphantes rudis (Sundevall, 1833)
Euophrys frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802)
Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757)
Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757)
CZ RL
HU RL PL RL
1
NT
1
1
1
VU
1
NT
1
1
LC
1
1
EN
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
Crit
1
1
D
1
1
1
RO RL
1
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
1
LC
1
LC
Crit SK RL
Crit
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RE?
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
DD
EN
1
LC
1
EN
EN
EN
1
1
1
1
NT
LC
VU
LC
1
LC
LC
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
EN
1
1
1
D
B1a, D2
LC
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
LC
1
1
1
CR
1
1
LC
LC
B1A, D
LC
LC
DD
1
1
VU
NT
1
1
NT
1
LC
DD
1
EN
1
NT
LC
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
DD
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
1
1
CR
1
LC
1
LC
1
DD
1
1
NT
VU
LC
1
1
LC
LC
DD
1
1
1
1
LC
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
LC
1
LC
LC
LC
1
1
1
DD
DD
LC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
syn.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
syn.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
DD
DD
VU
VU
LC
NT
DD
LC
VU
LC
NT
DD
LC
VU
DD
LC
167
168
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Evarcha jucunda (Lucas, 1846)
Evarcha laetabunda (C.L.Koch, 1846)
Heliophanus aeneus (Hahn, 1831)
Heliophanus auratus C.L.Koch, 1835
Heliophanus cupreus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Heliophanus dampfi Schenkel, 1923
Heliophanus dubius C.L.Koch, 1835
Heliophanus flavipes (Hahn, 1832)
Heliophanus kochii Simon, 1868
Heliophanus lineiventris Simon, 1868
Heliophanus melinus L.Koch, 1867
Heliophanus patagiatus Thorell, 1875
Heliophanus simplex Simon, 1868
Heliophanus tribulosus Simon, 1868
Leptorchestes berolinensis (C.L.Koch, 1846)
Macaroeris nidicolens (Walckenaer, 1802)
Marpissa muscosa (Clerck, 1757)
Marpissa nivoyi (Lucas, 1846)
Marpissa pomatia (Walckenaer, 1802)
Marpissa radiata (Grube, 1859)
Mendoza canestrini (Ninni, 1868)
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
64893
64894
64906
64911
64917
64918
64920
64925
64929
64931
64932
64936
64942
64943
64956
64967
64969
64970
64971
64972
64973
Evarcha jucunda (Lucas, 1846)
Evarcha laetabunda (C.L.Koch, 1846)
Heliophanus aeneus (Hahn, 1831)
Heliophanus auratus C.L.Koch, 1835
Heliophanus cupreus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Heliophanus dampfi Schenkel, 1923
Heliophanus dubius C.L.Koch, 1835
Heliophanus flavipes (Hahn, 1832)
Heliophanus kochii Simon, 1868
Heliophanus lineiventris Simon, 1868
Heliophanus melinus L.Koch, 1867
Heliophanus patagiatus Thorell, 1875
Heliophanus simplex Simon, 1868
Heliophanus tribulosus Simon, 1868
Leptorchestes berolinensis (C.L.Koch, 1846)
Macaroeris nidicolens (Walckenaer, 1802)
Marpissa muscosa (Clerck, 1757)
Marpissa nivoyi (Lucas, 1846)
Marpissa pomatia (Walckenaer, 1802)
Marpissa radiata (Grube, 1859)
Mendoza canestrini (Ninni, 1868)
Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778)
Neon levis (Simon, 1871)
Neon pictus Kulczynski, 1891
Neon rayi (Simon, 1875)
Neon reticulatus (Blackwall, 1853)
Neon valentulus Falconer, 1912
Pellenes nigrociliatus (Simon, 1875)
Pellenes seriatus (Thorell, 1875)
Pellenes tripunctatus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761)
Philaeus varicus (Simon, 1868)
Phintella castriesiana (Grube, 1861)
Phlegra bresnieri (Lucas, 1846)
Phlegra cinereofasciata Simon, 1868
Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826)
Pseudeuophrys erratica (Walckenaer, 1825)
Pseudeuophrys lanigera (Simon, 1871)
Pseudeuophrys obsoleta (Simon, 1868)
Pseudeuophrys vafra (Blackwall, 1867)
Pseudicius encarpatus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
64988
64996
64998
64999
65000
65002
65020
65022
65024
65026
65030
65031
65033
65034
65035
65049
65050
65052
65054
65058
Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778)
Neon levis (Simon, 1871)
Neon pictus Kulczynski, 1891
Neon rayi (Simon, 1875)
Neon reticulatus (Blackwall, 1853)
Neon valentulus Falconer, 1912
Pellenes nigrociliatus (Simon, 1875)
Pellenes seriatus (Thorell, 1875)
Pellenes tripunctatus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761)
Philaeus varicus (Simon, 1868)
Phintella castriesiana (Grube, 1861)
Phlegra bresnieri (Lucas, 1846)
Phlegra cinereofasciata Simon, 1868
Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826)
Pseudeuophrys erratica (Walckenaer, 1825)
Pseudeuophrys lanigera (Simon, 1871)
Pseudeuophrys obsoleta (Simon, 1868)
Pseudeuophrys vafra (Blackwall, 1867)
Pseudicius encarpatus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Salticus cingulatus (Panzer, 1797)
Salticus mutabilis Lucas, 1846
Salticus quagga Miller, 1971
Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757)
Salticus zebraneus (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Sibianor aurocinctus (Ohlert, 1865)
Sibianor larae Logunov, 2001
Sibianor tantulus (Simon, 1868)
Sitticus caricis (Westring, 1861)
Sitticus distinguendus (Simon, 1868)
Sitticus dzieduszyckii (L.Koch, 1870)
Sitticus floricola (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Sitticus longipes (Canestrini, 1873)
Sitticus penicillatus (Simon, 1875)
Sitticus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775)
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
65075
65088
65095
65097
65109
65111
65112
65113
65116
65118
65119
65121
65126
65129
65130
Salticus cingulatus (Panzer, 1797)
Salticus mutabilis Lucas, 1846
Salticus quagga Miller, 1971
Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757)
Salticus zebraneus (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Sibianor aurocinctus (Ohlert, 1865)
Sibianor larae Logunov, 2001
Sibianor tantulus (Simon, 1868)
Sitticus caricis (Westring, 1861)
Sitticus distinguendus (Simon, 1868)
Sitticus dzieduszyckii (L.Koch, 1870)
Sitticus floricola (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Sitticus longipes (Canestrini, 1873)
Sitticus penicillatus (Simon, 1875)
Sitticus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775)
CZ RL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
HU RL PL RL
LC
LC
EN
1
EN
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
VU
VU
1
1
1
Crit
RO RL
LC
LC
LC
LC
D
1
LC
LC
D
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
1
DD
EN
1
LC
LC
LC
Crit SK RL
1?
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
EN
RE?
LC
1
EN
1
1
1
1
VU
LC
EN
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
1
1
1
1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
DD
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
LC
LC
EN
1
1
1
LC
LC
LC
1
VU
1
NT
EN
1
DD
1
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
1
CR
B1a, D
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RE?
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
DD
1
1
LC
DD
1
1
1
EN
LC
LC
EN
1
EN
VU
1
EN
EN
1
NT
1
1
D
D
B1a, D
v
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
1
LC
1??
LC
DD
1
LC
LC
LC
DD
VU
1
VU
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
1
1
DD
1
1
1
DD
DD
1
NT
NT
1
1?
1
1
1
1
EN
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
1
1
VU
EN
NT
LC
EN
LC
LC
EN
LC
LC
VU
NT
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD
EN
DD
NT
VU
LC
LC
169
170
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
CZ RL
Sitticus rupicola (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Sitticus saltator (O.P.-Cambridge, 18
Sitticus saxicola (C.L.Koch, 1846)
Sitticus strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Sitticus terebratus (Clerck, 1757)
Sitticus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877)
Synageles hilarulus (C.L.Koch, 1846)
Synageles subcingulatus (Simon, 1878)
Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836)
Talavera aequipes (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Talavera aperta Miller, 1971
Talavera milleri Brignoli, 1983
Talavera monticola (Kulczyҁski, 1884)
Talavera parvistyla Logunov & Kronestedt, 2003
Talavera petrensis (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Talavera thorelli (Kulczyҁski, 1891)
Yllenus vittatus Thorell, 1875
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
65133
65134
65135
65137
65139
65143
65146
65150
65151
65153
65154
65158
65159
65160
65161
65163
65183
Sitticus rupicola (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Sitticus saltator (O.P.-Cambridge, 18
Sitticus saxicola (C.L.Koch, 1846)
Sitticus strandi Kolosváry, 1934a
Sitticus terebratus (Clerck, 1757)
Sitticus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877)
Synageles hilarulus (C.L.Koch, 1846)
Synageles subcingulatus (Simon, 1878)
Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836)
Talavera aequipes (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Talavera aperta Miller, 1971
Talavera milleri Brignoli, 1983
Talavera monticola (Kulczyҁski, 1884)
Talavera parvistyla Logunov & Kronestedt, 2003
Talavera petrensis (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Talavera thorelli (Kulczyҁski, 1891)
Yllenus vittatus Thorell, 1875
1
EN
DD
Name of species (Fauna Europea)
Family
ID
Name of species (Platnick 2014, version14.5)
Synonym /misidentification
Hypsocephalus pusillus (Menge 1869)
Meioneta mollis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Pocadicnemis carpatica (Chyzer, 1894)
Poeciloneta variegata (Blackwall, 1841)
Porrhomma lativelum Tretzel, 1956
Troxochrus cirrifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Hahnia difficilis Harm, 1966
Coelotes pickardi carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
syn Coelotes pastor carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878
Philodromus corticinus (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819)
Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886
Xysticus alpicola Kulczyҁski, 1882
Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875
Attulus helveolus (Simon, 1871)
Sitticus distinguendus (Simon, 1868)
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae
Hahniidae
Amaurobiidae
60728
60916
61202
61206
61219
61538
59186
54829
Hypsocephalus dahli (Lessert, 1909) - code ID 60724
Meioneta tenera (Menge 1869) - code ID 60933
Maso carpathicus Chyzer
Poeciloneta globosa (Wider, 1834)
junior synonym of Porrhomma microps (Roewer, 1931)
Troxochrus scabriculus cirrifrons (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Hahnia parva Kulczyҁski, 1882 probably
Coelotes pastor carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
Gnaphosidae
Philodromidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Thomisidae
Salticidae
Salticidae
58782
63735
66503
66505
66587
66623
64820
65118
Hypsocephalus pusillus (Menge 1869)
Agyneta mollis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Pocadicnemis carpatica (Chyzer, 1894)
Poeciloneta variegata (Blackwall, 1841)
Porrhomma microps (Roewer, 1931)
Troxochrus cirrifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Hahnia difficilis Harm, 1966
Coelotes pickardi carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
syn Coelotes pastor carpathensis Ovtchinnikov, 1999
Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878
Philodromus laricium Simon, 1875
Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819)
Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886
Xysticus alpicola Kulczyҁski, 1882
Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875
Attulus helveolus (Simon, 1871)
Sitticus distinguendus (Simon, 1868)
EN
CR
1
1
NT
CR
VU
HU RL PL RL
LC
Crit
RO RL
1
LC
EN
LC
C, D
LC
EN
C, D
LC
LC
LC
1
1
EN
1
VU
CR
1
D
D
D
1
Crit SK RL
1
VU
1
1?
NT
NE
NT
1
1
1
NT
DD
VU
DD
1
DD
Crit
RS RL UA RL Crit Status Endemic Carp RL
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
DD
NT
1
B2a,b, C2a, D1
EN
1
1
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
NT
LC
NT
NT
NT
VU
VU
DD
NT
DD
VU
misidentification with Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyҁski, 1897
Philodromus corticinus (C.L.Koch, 1837)
Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886 in records from Europe
misidentification with Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819)
junior synonym of Xysticus gallicus (Simon) RozwaХka unpubl.
Xysticus alpicola Kulczyҁski, 1882 code 66587 is junior synonym of Xysticus gallicus (Simon) RozwaХka unpubl.
junior synonym of Sitticus distinguendus
Attulus helveolus (Simon, 1871)
171
Method of assessment
DRAFT RED LIST OF DRAGONFLIES
(ODONATA) OF THE CARPATHIANS
Compiled by Dušan Šácha
Authors / Contributors: Dušan Šácha, Stanislav David (Slovakia), Martin Waldhauser (Czech Republic), Paweł Buczyński, Grzegorz Tończyk, Małgorzata Makomaska-Juchiewicz (Poland), Alexander V.
Martynov (Ukraine), Miklós G. Heltai (Hungary), Cosmin O. Manci (Romania), Miloš Jović (Serbia)
Dragonflies in the IUCN World Red List and European Red List
Within the latest version of the IUCN Red List (http://
www.iucnredlist.org/search, II/2014), there are 2752 species of dragonflies evaluated. Out of them, 1 is extinct
(EX), 55 critically endangered (CR), 87 endangered (EN),
123 vulnerable (VU), 112 near threatened (NT or LR/nt)
and 823 data deficient (DD). Least concern (LC or LR/
lc) are 1551 species.
Out of the IUCN list, there are 83 species that are native
to Europe (including overseas territories). CR: 1, EN: 2,
VU: 4, NT or LR/nt: 8, DD: 2 and LC or LR/lc: 66.
Among NT there are 3 species, which are native to the
Carpathians: Cordulegaster bidentata, C. heros and Nehalennia
speciosa. Among LC there are 32 species native to the Carpathians or at least once reported to occur there. The rest
43 species have not been evaluated so far.
Within the European Red List (KALKMAN et al. 2010), all
the species have been assessed. The assessment has been
carried out separately for Europe in geographical sense
and for EU 27.
Europe: 137 species evaluated, CR 3, EN 5, VU 13, NT
15, LC 96, DD 5.
EU 27: 134 species evaluated, CR 3, EN 6, VU 13, NT
18, LC 91, DD 3.
These Carpathian species appear in the European Red
List as threatened (categories Europe / EU 27): Lestes
macrostigma (VU / EN), Sympetrum depressiusculum (VU /
VU), Nehalennia speciosa (NT / VU). To the NT category
fall: Coenagrion ornatum (NT / NT), C. armatum (LC / NT),
Aeshna viridis (NT / NT), Cordulegaster bidentata (NT / NT),
C. heros (NT / NT), Leucorrhinia albifrons (LC / NT) and
L. caudalis (LC / NT). DD species is Lestes parvidens (LC
/ DD). Moreover, Cordulegaster picta, that is not native to
the Carpathians but once reported from Serbia, is rated as
VU / VU, and C. insignis (similarly from Serbia) as EN
/ EN.
172
Summary
There are 78 species of dragonflies ever reported from
the Carpathians in total. Among them, two species are
represented by dubious historical data only; no specimens
exist which would confirm the identification. Four species are identified correctly and there is a material proving
the identification, however they are vagrants or occasional
occurrences (blown by the wind etc.) only and therefore
cannot be considered permanent members of the Carpathian fauna. The rest 72 species are proven to have breeding populations in the region.
Since Carpathians are a very diverse bioregion in terms of
their north-south extent and altitude levels, the dragonfly
fauna constitutes mainly of Eurasian elements, accompanied
by a fair proportion of thermophilous (Mediterranean) and
boreo-mountainous elements. Most species are stagnicolous,
whereas rheophilous species represent only a minority.
With respect to quality of data, there is a bit inconsistency
in-between the individual countries. Whereas countries in
the north of the range (PL, CZ, SK, HU) have relatively
good and ample datasets, countries in the south and east
(UA, RO, RS) show deficit of knowledge or even locally
profound lack of data. This fact showed up most visibly
in Serbia, where the species have been classified either LC,
or DD, and no other categories came to use.
There also seems to be some variability in interpretation
of the IUCN methodology among individual experts, resulting in a rather different classification of the same species in the individual countries, that cannot be always and
fully explained only by differences of the species populations, trends, areas etc. Taking all this information into account, the submitted list can only be considered the very
first version of the Carpathian Red List of Dragonflies.
A lot of effort still has to be put into research, statistical
analysis and providing and maintaining consistent set of
data before the Red List, strictly following the IUCN rules, can be compiled.
Overview of the status of dragonflies of the Carpathians
is in Table 1.
Standard method of the IUCN (2001, 2003 – Categories
and Criteria 3.1 as applied at the regional level) was used.
Where possible, the quantification of trends was based
on existing data. Because of the partial incompatibility
of datasets between countries and missing historical data
as a baseline, in some cases also methods of inference
and projection came to use, building on the habitat data,
existing threats, climate change scenarios and nature conservation policies.
Threshold setting for the eligibility of the species:
- species with no valid proof of their occurrence have
not been considered (NE),
- vagrant species have been excluded from the evaluation (NA),
- autochthonous species (i.e. with breeding populations) and regular migrants have all been assessed,
- these species have been assessed at the species level
(breeding and migrant populations, if existing, together, not separately).
Notes to taxonomy and nomenclature
Within the project and its online database, the Fauna Europaea (FE) was taken as a valid taxonomy and nomenclature basis. However, it has to be said, that there are several
differences compared to the up-to-date World Odonata
List (WOL; SCHORR & PAULSON 2013).
The most prominent is taxonomic position of Orthetrum
anceps (SCHNEIDER, 1845), which WOL considers a true
species, whereas FE otherwise. We accepted FE, because
there are 5 phaenotypes of O. coerulescens – anceps complex, of which only two extreme are easily identified and
the rest are intermediate (hybrids), which occur over wide
extent of the Carpathians. This question of O. anceps taxonomic position still needs to be resolved; nonetheless it
was not the aim of the BioREGIO project.
Among others there is discrepancy in use of the generic names Lestes – Chalcolestes, Erythromma – Cercion,
Anax – Hemianax, Anaciaeschna – Aeshna, Gomphus – Stylurus. Alongside, small differences in authors or years of
description may appear in the full names.
For this reason, it was decided to use names according
to WOL in the printed publication. FE names are added,
since used in the online version. Where appropriate, synonyms reflecting European usage are given.
Notes to species selection
All the eligible species have been evaluated.
Overview of the status and / or endemism of species in the Carpathians
There are no Carpathian endemites among dragonflies.
The Carpathian Regional Red List Categories and number
of species in respective categories:
LC: 43, NT (or *NT): 10, VU (or *VU): 5, EN (or *EN):
4, DD: 10.
In general, tyrphophiles and species with oreal or boreal
distribution patterns prevail among TH categories, whereas thermophiles and Eurasian species are of lower risk
categories.
Main threats
There are several main factors of threat to dragonflies in
the Carpathians.
Human caused factors:
- climate change and resulting habitat changes
- water regime mismanagement
- forestry
- tourism, winter sports and infrastructure (roads, hotels etc.)
- intensive fish farming
- peat excavation
Natural factors:
- overgrowing and natural succession
LC
Mostly species that are:
- widespread or expanding
- have not particular ecological demands or their sites
are protected
- have enough nearby sources for potential immigration and re-colonisation
- usually are rated not threatened in the individual countries (exceptions may occur, where the national category has been assigned due to low number of sites or
small populations, but overall in the Carpathians there
are enough locations and large enough populations)
Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782)
Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lestes barbarus (Fabricius, 1798)
Lestes dryas (Kirby, 1890)
Lestes sponsa (Hansemann, 1823)
Chalcolestes viridis (Vander Linden, 1825), syn. Lestes viridis
Sympecma fusca (Vander Linden, 1820)
Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus, 1758)
Erythromma lindenii (Selys, 1840), syn Cercion lindenii
Erythromma najas (Hansemann, 1823)
Erythromma viridulum (Charpentier, 1840)
Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer, 1776)
Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840)
Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden, 1820)
Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825)
Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771)
Aeshna affinis (Vander Linden, 1820)
Aeshna cyanea (Müller, 1764)
Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Aeshna mixta (Latreille, 1805)
Anaciaeschna isoceles (Müller, 1767), syn. Aeshna isoceles
Anax imperator (Leach, 1815)
Anax parthenope (Selys, 1839)
Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
173
Ophiogomphus cecilia (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785)
Cordulegaster bidentata (Selys, 1843)
Cordulia aenea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Somatochlora metallica (Vander Linden, 1825)
Libellula depressa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Libellula quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Orthetrum albistylum (Selys, 1848)
Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837)
Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798)
Crocothemis erythraea (Brullé, 1832)
Sympetrum danae (Sulzer, 1776)
Sympetrum flaveolum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sympetrum fonscolombii (Selys, 1840)
Sympetrum meridionale (Selys, 1841)
Sympetrum sanguineum (Müller, 1764)
Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier, 1840)
Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
NT
Species that are in their nature similar to LC species, but
not so markedly (therefore with a potential prospect of
ending up VU or higher long term). On the other hand,
so far do not qualify for any TH category.
Lestes virens (Charpentier, 1825)
SK: VU, CZ: NT, PL: NT, UA: DD, HU: LC, RO: VU,
RS: DD
Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus, 1758)
SK: *NT, CZ: NT, PL: LC, UA: *NT, RO: VU
Stylurus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825)
syn.: Gomphus flavipes
SK: *NT, CZ: VU, HU: LC, RO: VU
Cordulegaster heros (Theischinger, 1979)
SK: VU, CZ: DD, RO: VU, RS: LC
Libellula fulva (Müller, 1764)
SK: EN, CZ: EN, UA: DD, HU: LC, RO: NT
Sympetrum pedemontanum (Müller, 1766)
SK: *VU, CZ: VU, PL: NT, UA: *VU, HU: LC, RO:
VU
*NT
Species that would overall qualify for VU according to
mainly B, C or D criteria (and in individual countries or at
least the most prominent ones = SK, RO and UA mainly
did), but have nearby sources for potential recolonisation,
which lowers the risk of extinction.
Coenagrion hastulatum (Charpentier, 1825)
SK: VU, CZ: VU, PL: NT, UA: DD, RO: VU
Coenagrion ornatum (Selys, 1850)
SK: VU, PL: RE, HU: NT, RO: VU
Leucorrhinia dubia (Vander Linden, 1825)
SK: VU, CZ: EN, PL: VU, UA: DD, RO: NT
Leucorrhinia pectoralis (Charpentier, 1825)
174
SK: *VU, CZ: *VU, PL: DD, UA: DD, HU: LC, RO:
NE
VU
Lestes macrostigma (Eversmann, 1836)
Population:
Breeding population in RO, where VU (A1c). Decline
caused by habitat loss and drought.
Accidental data from PL and CZ.
Elsewhere no data.
Trend decreasing Europewide (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Threats due to climate change likely (drought, habitat
change).
Criteria:
A qualifies for VU (A1c – decline in the area or quality of habitat)
B –
C –
D –
E –
Criteria are accepted as submitted by the RO expert
(since the only country with breeding population).
Possibility of recolonisation:
Good flier. Populations in HU, RO, CZ, AT, MO, BG,
SLO, CR, in RO, HU and AT rather close to Carpathians. Immigration could be hindered by lack of appropriate habitats. At least in Southern Moravia the
prospects are not bad, thanks to active landscape management measures (undertaken or planned). Overall,
immigration so far rated as inadequate to provide high
enough chance for recolonisation in the case of local
extinction (accepted as submitted by the RO expert).
Category:
VU (A1c).
Accepted as submitted by the RO expert.
Somatochlora alpestris (Selys, 1840)
Population:
Breeding population in SK, where *NT. Appears mainly in Northern SK (Tatry Mts. and surrounding regions), where widespread and locally dominant.
Population also in PL, where DD. Distributed in Tatry and Orawa regions.
In CZ one population, CR (B2a, C2).
Population in RO, where EN (C2ai). Sites map the
main arc of the Carpathians. Trend positive, perhaps
due to more research effort in recent years? Expected
to be negatively influenced by the climate change.
Population also in UA, where EN (B1ab(iii, v)+2ab(iii,v);
C2b; D). Small population (less than 250 ind.), just a
few sites, distributed next to the RO border.
Populations in SK, PL and CZ can be considered one
location. Populations in RO and UA can be considered second location.
Elsewhere no data.
Trend in Europe unknown (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Climate change (drought, change in weather pattern
and resulting habitat change), tourism, forestry, winter
sports. Natural habitat change (overgrowing, succession). Potential threat in acidification of water, although successfully mitigated in the last years.
Criteria:
A –
B –
C qualifies for VU (C2a(i) – population estimated
under 10000 + expected influence of climate
change + low population densities meaning no
subpopulation exceeding 1000)
D qualifies for VU (D2 – only 2 locations, meaning
vulnerability to sudden impacts)
E –
Possibility of recolonisation:
Good flier. Populations in CZ, PL, AT, D, CH, IT,
in CZ and PL rather close to Carpathians. Immigration could be hindered by lack of appropriate habitats
(corridors). Overall, immigration so far rated as inadequate to provide high enough chance for recolonisation in the case of local extinction.
Category:
VU (C2a(i), D2).
Sympetrum depressiusculum (Selys, 1841)
Population:
Breeding population in RO, where CR (A2c). Only
few recent data, trend badly negative.
Population in HU, where VU (no criteria). Distributed
in two orographic units, trend rated as stable.
Population also in CZ, where CR (B2ac, C2b). Huge
fluctuations in the population size, only 5 sites (all in
N Moravia), of which 2 with numerous populations.
Trend negative (not confirmed in many regions in last
15 years).
In PL DD. Only historical data.
No records but expected to be present in UA.
Elsewhere no data.
Trend decreasing Europewide (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Mismanagement of the sites (water regime, intensification of fish farming).
Criteria:
A –
B qualifies for VU (B2ab(i, ii, iii, iv, v) – decrease in
area, population, habitat and sites + 4 locations +
AOO less than 2000 km2 but more than 500 km2,
according to the maps)
C –
D qualifies for VU (D2 – only 4 locations, vulnerability to sudden impacts)
E –
Possibility of recolonisation:
Populations in most countries (HU, AT, SK, CZ, PL,
UA, SLO, CR, MO, BG...), some of them not far away
from the Carpathians. Dispersion poorer compared
to other congeneric species. Immigration could be
hindered by lack of appropriate habitats. In accord
with decreasing trend in Europe, immigration so far
not considered significant.
Category:
VU (B2ab(i, ii, iii, iv, v), D2).
*VU
Leucorrhinia albifrons (Burmeister, 1839)
Population:
Breeding population in CZ, where CR (B2ac, C2b).
Four sites with very small populations or only individuals. Huge fluctuations, trends cannot be assessed.
Outside Carpathians in S and W Bohemia – sizeable
populations.
Population also in PL, where DD. Distributed in Silesia and SE PL. Lack of appropriate habitats in Carpathians.
Elsewhere no data.
European population stable (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Not serious, according to the inhabited habitats (fish
ponds). Intensification of fish farming and mismanagement of water regime.
Criteria:
A –
B qualifies for EN (B2ac(iv) – AOO less than 500
km2, might be even less than 10 km2, but 2 locations + extreme fluctuations in population size
reported)
C –
D qualifies for EN (C2b – population probably exceeds 250, but less than 2500 + population decline
and fluctuations)
E –
Criteria accepted from the CZ list, with downgrading
the category one step to EN because of PL population.
Possibility of recolonisation:
Good flier. Populations in CZ, PL, AT, D, even not
far away from existing sites. Immigration could be
hindered by lack of appropriate habitats. Congeneric
species known to colonise new habitats in recent years. Immigration and potential recolonisation considered likely. Therefore category downgraded one step
to *VU.
Category:
*VU (B2ac(iv), C2b).
Leucorrhinia rubicunda (Linnaeus, 1758)
Population:
Breeding population in SK, where CR (C2a(ii)). Only
4 known sites, of which 2 in NE and 2 in NW. Of
NW sites one probably newly colonised (first discovery in 2013), from the other no data for the last 10 years. In NE data on population size vary, could indicate
fluctuations or population decrease.
Population in CZ, where EN (B2ac(iv), C2b). Only 3
sites, small populations. Not enough suitable habitats.
175
Trend unknown.
Population in PL, where DD. Three groups of sites –
Tatry, Gorce, Bieszczady Zachodnie.
All the populations lie on the southern limit of species´ range and are likely to constitute at max. two
locations (western and eastern).
Elsewhere no data.
Trend decreasing Europewide (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Climate change (drought, change in weather pattern
and resulting habitat change), forestry, peat excavation. Natural habitat change (overgrowing, succession).
Potential threat in acidification of water, although
successfully mitigated in the last years.
Criteria:
A –
B qualifies for EN (B2ac(iv) – AOO less than 500
km2, might be even less than 10 km2, but 2 locations + extreme fluctuations in population size
indicated)
C –
D qualifies for EN (C2b – population probably exceeds 250, but less than 2500 + population decline
and fluctuations)
E –
Possibility of recolonisation:
Good flier. Populations in PL, CZ, UA, D, in PL and
CZ sites close to the Carpathians. SK proves potential
for immigration and recolonisation. Therefore category downgraded one step to *VU.
Category:
*VU (B2ac(iv), C2b).
EN
Nehalennia speciosa (Charpentier, 1840)
Population:
Breeding population in RO, where CR (C with no
exact specification) – only one population of estimated size 200 individuals at max. and 400 m2 area.
Population also in PL, where DD. Size of population
appr. 400 individuals. Stable, breeding.
SK only an old and doubtful record.
Elsewhere no data, but is inconspicuous and could be
neglected.
Trend decreasing Europewide (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Threats due to climate change very likely (drought,
habitat change).
Criteria:
A –
B qualifies for EN (B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) – EOO less
than 100 km2 and AOO less than 100 km2 but 2
locations + prognosed habitat deterioration due
to climate change)
C qualifies for VU (C2a(i) – population less than
2500, but subpopulations more than 250 + prognosed decreasing trend due to climate change
combined with decreasing trend in Europe)
176
D qualifies for VU (D1+2 – total population around
600, 2 locations)
E –
Possibility of recolonisation:
Poor dispersion, retreat from the former extent of the
area. Populations in PL, CZ, AT, D, BLR, but rather
far away with respect to vagility of the species. Recolonisation unlikely.
Category:
EN: B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii).
Aeshna subarctica (Walker, 1908)
Population:
Breeding population in PL, where EN: B2ab(ii,iii,iv).
In total 9 sites in Tatry and Orawa regions, where
stable. Sites mostly protected.
Population also in SK, where CR: B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v),
C2a(i,ii), D. Only one site in Tatry region, under human pressure, not sufficient data but trend seems to
be decreasing.
RO: one site, breeding not confirmed but probable.
CR: C with no exact specification.
Polish and Slovak populations can be considered just
one location.
Elsewhere no data.
Trend decreasing Europewide (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Climate change (drought, change in weather pattern)
is very likely to cause degradation of habitats. Threats
also due to tourism, winter sports, forestry. Natural
habitat change (overgrowing, succession). Competition from A. juncea, but not easily quantifiable. Potential
threat in acidification of water, although successfully
mitigated in the last years.
Criteria:
A –
B qualifies for EN (B1ab(iii,iv,v) – EOO more than
100 km2 but less than 5000 km2 + 2 locations + prognosed habitat deterioration and population decline
due to climate change and human pressure)
C qualifies for EN (C2a(i) – total population likely
to exceed 250 but less than 2500 + individual subpopulations under 250 + prognosed decreasing
trend due to climate change and human pressure)
D qualifies for VU (D1+2 – population under 1000
+ only 2 locations)
E –
Possibility of recolonisation:
Populations in PL, CZ, AT, D, BLR, but rather far
away with respect to lack of appropriate habitats. Recolonisation uncertain to unlikely.
Category:
EN: B1ab(iii,iv,v), C2a(i).
Somatochlora arctica (Zetterstedt, 1840)
Population:
Breeding population in RO, where CR: C with no
exact specification. There were two sites, of which
one has been destroyed. The second population still
survives, although under pressure (planned road revamp, more tourists).
Population in PL, where CR: B2ab(ii,iii,iv). Sites in Tatry and Orawa regions, where stable.
Population in SK, where CR: C2a(ii), D. Sites in Tatry
foothills and adjacent regions (Orava, Liptov, Spiš).
Sites mostly protected, nonetheless threatened by climate change and under human pressure, trend seems
to be decreasing (at least 2 sites dried in 2012). In
2013 two new sites discovered, therefore SK category
needs to be reassessed.
Breeding population also in CZ, where CR: B2a, C2.
Can be overlooked because of the type of habitat, in
rest of CZ not rare and possibly stable. CZ Carpathians – lack of suitable habitats.
Czech, Polish and Slovak populations can be considered just one location.
Elsewhere no data.
Trend in Europe unknown (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Climate change is very likely to cause degradation of
habitats. Threats also due to tourism, winter sports,
forestry. Natural habitat change (overgrowing, succession). Potential threat in acidification of water, although successfully mitigated in the last years.
Criteria:
A –
B qualifies for EN (B1ab(iii,iv,v) – EOO more than
100 km2 but less than 5000 km2 + 2 locations + prognosed habitat deterioration and population decline
due to climate change and human pressure)
C qualifies for EN (C2a(i) – total population likely to
exceed 250 but less than 2500 + individual subpopulations under 250 + reported demise of several
populations and prognosed decreasing trend due
to climate change and human pressure)
D qualifies for VU (D1+2 – population under 1000
+ only 2 locations)
E –
Possibility of recolonisation:
Populations in PL, CZ, AT, D, BLR, but rather far
away with respect to lack of appropriate habitats. Recolonisation unlikely.
Category:
EN: B1ab(iii,iv,v), C2a(i).
*EN
Leucorrhinia caudalis (Charpentier, 1840)
Population:
Breeding population in SK, where EN: D. Only one
site, small size (expected much less than the limit for
EN), no information on trends or fluctuations.
Population also in PL, where DD. Size of population
only tens of individuals.
Old records but expected to still occur in UA (DD).
Elsewhere no data.
Large fluctuations likely to occur (based on other spe-
cies of the genus).
European population stable (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Threats:
Not serious, according to the inhabited habitats (fish
ponds). Intensification of fish farming and mismanagement of water regime.
Criteria:
A –
B qualifies for CR (B1ac(iv)+2ac(iv) – EOO less
than 100 km2 and AOO less than 100 km2 + severely fragmented + indication of extreme fluctuations)
C –
D qualifies for EN (D – on both sites just tens of
individuals but likely to exceed 50)
E –
Possibility of recolonisation:
Populations in PL, HU, AT, D with number of sites in
close vicinity. Good flier. Recolonisation seems likely,
SK population probably even founded in 2003/2004
in a colonising wave. Therefore downgrading one step
to *EN.
Category:
*EN: B1ac(iv)+2ac(iv).
DD
Chalcolestes parvidens (Artobolevsky, 1929)
syn.: Lestes parvidens
HU: LC, RO: VU
Not enough information on its distribution, and rate
and impacts of cross-breeding with L. viridis.
Trend in Europe unknown (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Sympecma paedisca (Brauer, 1877)
PL: DD. SK: only accidental data, no proof of a breeding population.
Category defined by PL list. Not enough data on its
distribution and status of its population.
Trend in Europe decreasing (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1825)
Occurs in all countries but Serbia. SK: DD (nearly
missing in the Carpathians despite of appropriate habitats), CZ: NT, PL: LC, UA: *NT, HU: LC, RO: DD
(widespread, but trend possibly negative).
Large variation in its ranking between individual states. Category defined by SK and RO lists, since these
countries constitute major part of the range. More research needs to focus on its ecology, distribution and
possible hybridisation with C. puella.
Trend in Europe stable (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur, 1842)
CZ: VU, PL: NE, HU: LC, RO: VU. SK, RS and UA
missing.
Large variation in its ranking between individual states. Requires more data about its distribution, population ecology (trends, impact of climate change) and
177
possible hybridisation with C. puella.
Trend in Europe stable (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Aeshna viridis (Eversman, 1836)
Breeding population only in HU, where NT. Old data
from UA, where proposed DD. No data from other
countries, although in SK enough appropriate habitats in close vicinity to HU sites.
More research on its ecology and distribution needed.
Possibility of recolonisation needs to be examined
– good flier but not enough nearby sources (only in
HU) and retreat of population towards N and E in
PL.
Trend in Europe decreasing (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Brachytron pratense (Müller, 1764)
SK: *EN, CZ: NT, PL: DD, UA: DD, HU: LC, RO:
VU. RS missing.
Large variation in its ranking between individual states. Requires more data about its distribution and population ecology (trends, impact of climate change).
Trend in Europe stable (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Cordulegaster boltonii (Donovan, 1807)
Breeding population in PL: DD. Erratic or questionable data from CZ, RO and RS.
Needs more research to clarify its range. CZ and RS:
Possibly confused with C. heros in the past (similarly
elsewhere)?
Trend in Europe stable (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Epitheca bimaculata (Charpentier, 1825)
Widespread, occurs in all countries but RS. SK: CR,
CZ: EN, PL: DD, UA: *EN, HU: LC, RO: CR.
Mostly rated as facing high risk of extinction (except
HU, where LC). Could be overlooked? Needs more
research on its distribution and ecology to decide.
Trend in Europe stable (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Somatochlora flavomaculata (Vander Linden, 1825)
Widespread, occurs in all countries but SK (only one
erratic find). CZ: *EN, PL: DD, UA: LC, HU: LC,
RO: NT (trend possibly negative), RS: DD.
Rated diversely, from LC (UA, HU) through to *EN
(CZ). More research (distribution, ecology) needed to
decide.
Trend in Europe stable (Kalkman et al., 2010).
Somatochlora meridionalis (Nielsen, 1935)
CZ: NA, RO: DD (widespread, with one hybrid population), RS: DD. SK – few pure meridionalis, mainly
hybrids with S. metallica.
Occurs from south (RS, RO) up to north (CZ, SK),
but missing (overlooked?) in the centre (HU, UA).
More research on the area, population and hybridisation needed.
Trend in Europe unknown (Kalkman et al., 2010).
NE
178
Species, where it is not possible to prove their occurrence
in the Carpathians (no valid specimens to review).
Aeshna caerulea (Ström, 1783)
Cordulegaster picta (Selys, 1854)
NA
Species proven to be present in the Carpathians, nonetheless, to the best knowledge, no stable autochthonous
populations existing.
Coenagrion armatum (Charpentier, 1840)
Coenagrion lunulatum (Charpentier, 1840)
Anax ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839), syn. Hemianax ephippiger
Cordulegaster insignis (Schneider, 1845)
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Expected for publication in 2014:
MANCI C.O. - Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) in Timis
county, a general view of distribution.
MANCI C.O. & BAZGA D. - Contribution to the
181
knowledge of Transylvanian dragonfly fauna (Insecta:
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MANCI C.O. - Contribution to the knowledge of dragonfly fauna (Insecta: Odonata) from the Hateg Country Dinosaurus Geopark (Transylvania, Romania).
Serbia
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General
IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
IUCN (2003). Guidelines for Application of IUCN
Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 3.0. IUCN
Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Ii + 26 pp.
KALKMAN, V. J., BOUDOT, J.-P., BERNARD, R., CONZE,
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M., OTT, J., RISERVATO, E. & SAHLÉN, G. (2010). European Red List of Dragonflies. Publications Office of
the European Union, Luxembourg. 28 pp.
SCHORR, M. & PAULSON, D. (2013). World List of
Odonata. Revision 22 December 2013. (http://www.
pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list/)
Table 1: Overview of the status of dragonflies of the Carpathians
WOL name: genus
Calopteryx Leach, 1815
species
FE name: genus
splendens (Harris, 1782)
Calopteryx Leach, 1815
virgo (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chalcolestes Kennedy, 1920
parvidens (Artobolevsky, 1929)
Lestes Leach, 1815
viridis (Vander Linden, 1825)
Lestes Leach, 1815
criteria
EUR
EU 27
splendens (Harris, 1782)
LC
LC
LC
virgo (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
parvidens Artobolevsky, 1929
DD
LC
DD
viridis (Vander Linden, 1825)
LC
LC
LC
barbarus (Fabricius, 1798)
barbarus (Fabricius, 1798)
LC
LC
LC
dryas Kirby, 1890
LC
LC
LC
macrostigma (Eversmann, 1836)
macrostigma (Eversmann, 1836)
VU
VU
EN
sponsa (Hansemann, 1823)
sponsa (Hansemann, 1823)
LC
LC
LC
virens (Charpentier, 1825)
NT
LC
LC
fusca (Vander Linden, 1820)
LC
LC
LC
fusca (Vander Linden, 1820)
Sympecma Burmeister, 1839
paedisca (Brauer, 1877)
A1c
paedisca (Brauer, 1882)
DD
LC
LC
Platycnemis Burmeister, 1839
pennipes (Pallas, 1771)
Platycnemis Burmeister, 1839
pennipes (Pallas, 1771)
LC
LC
LC
Coenagrion Kirby, 1890
armatum (Charpentier, 1840)
Coenagrion Kirby, 1890
armatum (Charpentier, 1840)
NA
LC
NT
hastulatum (Charpentier, 1825)
hastulatum (Charpentier, 1825)
*NT
LC
LC
lunulatum (Charpentier, 1840)
lunulatum (Charpentier, 1840)
NA
LC
LC
ornatum (Selys, 1850)
ornatum (Selys, 1850)
*NT
NT
NT
puella (Linnaeus, 1758)
puella (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1825)
pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1825)
DD
LC
LC
scitulum (Rambur, 1842)
DD
LC
LC
cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840)
LC
LC
LC
scitulum (Rambur, 1842)
Enallagma Charpentier, 1840
cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840)
Erythromma Charpentier, 1840
lindenii (Selys, 1840)
Cercion Navás, 1907
lindenii (Selys, 1840)
LC
LC
LC
najas (Hansemann, 1823)
Erythromma Charpentier, 1840
najas (Hansemann, 1823)
LC
LC
LC
Enallagma Charpentier, 1840
viridulum (Charpentier, 1840)
LC
LC
LC
elegans (Vander Linden, 1820)
LC
LC
LC
viridulum Charpentier, 1840
Ischnura Charpentier, 1840
elegans (Vander Linden, 1820)
Ischnura Charpentier, 1840
pumilio (Charpentier, 1825)
182
Carpathians
dryas Kirby, 1890
virens (Charpentier, 1825)
Sympecma Burmeister, 1839
species
pumilio (Charpentier, 1825)
LC
Nehalennia Selys, 1850
speciosa (Charpentier, 1840)
EN
nymphula (Sulzer, 1776)
Pyrrhosoma Charpentier, 1840
nymphula (Sulzer, 1776)
LC
LC
LC
affinis Vander Linden, 1820
Aeshna Fabricius, 1775
affinis Vander Linden, 1820
LC
LC
LC
caerulea (Ström, 1783)
caerulea (Ström, 1783)
NE
LC
LC
cyanea (Müller, 1764)
cyanea (Müller, 1764)
LC
LC
LC
grandis (Linnaeus, 1758)
grandis (Linnaeus, 1758)
NT
LC
LC
juncea (Linnaeus, 1758)
juncea (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
Nehalennia Selys, 1850
speciosa (Charpentier, 1840)
Pyrrhosoma Charpentier, 1840
Aeshna Fabricius, 1775
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
LC
LC
NT
VU
HD
Bern
4
2
2
183
WOL name: genus
species
FE name: genus
mixta Latreille, 1805
mixta Latreille, 1805
Carpathians
criteria
LC
subarctica Walker, 1908
subarctica Walker, 1908
EN
viridis Eversman, 1836
viridis Eversman, 1836
DD
B1ab(iii,iv,v), C2a(i)
EUR
EU 27
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
NT
Anaciaeschna Selys, 1878
isoceles (Müller, 1767)
isoceles (Müller, 1767)
LC
LC
LC
Anax Leach, 1815
ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839)
Hemianax Selys, 1839
ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839)
NA
LC
LC
imperator Leach, 1815
Anax Leach, 1815
imperator Leach, 1815
LC
LC
LC
parthenope (Selys, 1839)
LC
LC
LC
parthenope (Selys, 1839)
Brachytron Evans, 1845
pratense (Müller, 1764)
Brachytron Evans, 1845
pratense (Müller, 1764)
DD
LC
LC
Gomphus Leach, 1815
vulgatissimus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gomphus Leach, 1815
vulgatissimus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
HD
Bern
4
2
Onychogomphus Selys, 1854
forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Onychogomphus Selys, 1854
forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
Ophiogomphus Selys, 1854
cecilia (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785)
Ophiogomphus Selys, 1854
cecilia (Fourcroy, 1785)
LC
LC
LC
2, 4
2
Stylurus Needham, 1897
flavipes (Charpentier, 1825)
Gomphus Leach, 1815
flavipes (Charpentier, 1825)
NT
LC
LC
4
2
Cordulegaster Leach, 1815
bidentata Selys, 1843
Cordulegaster Leach, 1815
bidentata Selys, 1843
LC
NT
NT
boltonii (Donovan, 1807)
boltonii (Donovan, 1807)
DD
LC
LC
heros Theischinger, 1979
heros Theischinger, 1979
NT
NT
NT
insignis Schneider, 1845
insignis Schneider, 1845
NA
EN
EN
picta Selys, 1854
picta Selys, 1854
NE
VU
VU
Cordulia Leach, 1915
aenea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cordulia Leach, 1915
aenea (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
Epitheca Burmeister, 1839
bimaculata (Charpentier, 1825)
Epitheca Burmeister, 1839
bimaculata (Charpentier, 1825)
DD
LC
LC
alpestris (Selys, 1840)
Somatochlora Selys, 1871
Somatochlora Selys, 1871
alpestris (Selys, 1840)
VU
C2a(i), D2
LC
LC
arctica (Zetterstedt, 1840)
arctica (Zetterstedt, 1840)
EN
B1ab(iii,iv,v), C2a(i)
LC
LC
flavomaculata (Vander Linden, 1825)
flavomaculata (Vander Linden, 1825)
DD
LC
LC
meridionalis Nielsen, 1935
meridionalis Nielsen, 1935
DD
LC
LC
metallica (Vander Linden, 1825)
LC
LC
LC
erythraea (Brullé, 1832)
LC
LC
LC
metallica (Vander Linden, 1825)
Crocothemis Brauer, 1868
Leucorrhinia Brittinger, 1850
erythraea (Brullé, 1832)
Crocothemis Brauer, 1868
albifrons (Burmeister, 1839)
Leucorrhinia Brittinger, 1850
Orthetrum Newman, 1833
Sympetrum Newman, 1833
2, 4
albifrons (Burmeister, 1839)
*VU
B2ac(iv), C2b
LC
NT
4
2
caudalis (Charpentier, 1840)
caudalis (Charpentier, 1840)
*EN
B1ac(iv)+2ac(iv)
LC
NT
4
2
dubia (Vander Linden, 1825)
dubia (Vander Linden, 1825)
*NT
LC
LC
pectoralis (Charpentier, 1825)
pectoralis (Charpentier, 1825)
*NT
LC
LC
2, 4
2
rubicunda (Linnaeus, 1758)
*VU
rubicunda (Linnaeus, 1758)
Libellula Linnaeus, 1758
184
species
LC
LC
depressa Linnaeus, 1758
LC
LC
LC
fulva Müller, 1764
fulva Müller, 1764
NT
LC
LC
quadrimaculata Linnaeus, 1758
quadrimaculata Linnaeus, 1758
LC
LC
LC
depressa Linnaeus, 1758
albistylum (Selys, 1848)
Libellula Linnaeus, 1758
albistylum (Selys, 1848)
LC
LC
LC
brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837)
brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837)
LC
LC
LC
cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798)
coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798)
LC
LC
LC
danae (Sulzer, 1776)
Orthetrum Newman, 1833
B2ac(iv), C2b
danae (Sulzer, 1776)
LC
depressiusculum (Selys, 1841)
Sympetrum Newman, 1833
depressiusculum (Selys, 1841)
VU
LC
LC
VU
VU
flaveolum (Linnaeus, 1758)
flaveolum (Linnaeus, 1758)
fonscolombii (Selys, 1840)
fonscolombii (Selys, 1840)
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
B2ab(i, ii, iii, iv, v), D2
meridionale (Selys, 1841)
meridionale (Selys, 1841)
LC
LC
LC
pedemontanum (Müller, 1766)
pedemontanum (Allioni, 1766)
NT
LC
LC
sanguineum (Müller, 1764)
sanguineum (Müller, 1764)
LC
LC
LC
striolatum (Charpentier, 1840)
striolatum (Charpentier, 1840)
LC
LC
LC
vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
185
RED LIST OF GRASSHOPPERS,
BUSH-CRICKETS AND CRICKETS
(ORTHOPTERA) OF THE CARPATHIAN
MOUNTAINS
Anton Krištín (Slovakia) & Iorgu Ionuț Ștefan (Romania) (eds)
Data and assessment process contributors and authors of relevant and cited publications: Anton
Krištín (Slovakia), Iorgu Ionuț Ștefan (Romania), Miklós Heltai, Barnabas Nagy (Hungary), Jevhen
Lyushenko, Vasil Chumak (Ukraine), Jaroslav Holuša, Petr Ko árek (Czech Republic), Axel
Hochkirch (Germany)
Introduction
Orthoptera are among the most important bio-indicators
of the status of integrity of natural habitats, especially
for habitats with small plot sizes. Therefore, Orthoptera
assemblages provide valuable information on habitat conditions and status of sites (MARINI et al. 2009).
Global assessments of the conservation status of ca. 1000
European species of grasshoppers, crickets and bush-crickets for the IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM
started in 2011. The Red List status of 60 species has been
published in 2012. Altogether, the global Red List status
of 236 Orthoptera species has been assessed (IUCN
2013), 14 of which occur in the Carpathians (Chorthippus
acroleucus VU, Gampsocleis glabra LC, Isophya harzi VU, Metrioptera domogledi VU, Miramella irena VU, Odontopodisma nontana VU, Odontopodisma rubripes VU, Onconotus servillei VU,
Poecilimon affinis LC, Poecilimon ampliatus LC, Saga pedo VU,
Stenobothrus eurasius VU, Uvarovitettix transylvanicus VU and
Zubovskia banatica VU).
Red Lists of Orthoptera have been published in several
Carpathian countries (however, based upon different criteria): Poland (LIANA 1992, LIANA 2002, GФOWACIҀSKI &
NOWACKI 2004), former Czechoslovakia (GULIсKA 1992),
Hungary (NAGY 1999), Slovakia (KRIŠTÍN 2001), Czech Republic (HOLUŠA & KOсÁREK 2005), Ukraine (AKIMOV 2009,
ԜԐTELESHKO & POTISH 2011). A European Red List is not
available yet and there is only one Carpathian Red List
prepared ten years ago, based on unknown criteria, which
includes five Orthoptera species (WITKOWSKI et al. 2003).
Assessment Method
For processing the existing data on grasshoppers, crickets
and bush-crickets in the Carpathian region of Slovakia,
Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine and Romania the following three steps were used:
1. Documentation on the Orthoptera fauna in the Car-
186
pathian region: Data was collected from the literature,
from sources given by BioREGIO project partners in
particular countries (see data contributors above) and
own published and unpublished data (see literature
section, unpublished records only by KRIŠTÍN A. &
IORGU I. н.).
2. Data was entered in the online database platform of
the project BioREGIO Carpathians as well as into a
Microsoft Excel database.
3. All 142 Orthoptera species present in the Carpathian
orographic units (excluding Serbia due to missing data)
were evaluated according to the IUCN Red List criteria
(IUCN 2001). Only one species (not native and introduced, Meconema meridionale) could not be assessed and
was included in the category “Not Applicable” (NA).
The other 141 species were classified to the categories
Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern
(LC) and Data deficient (DD). Altogether 80 out of
141 species were not listed in the Bioregio database
due to technical reasons (filling the occurrence, locations, habitats, threats in all orographic units in very
common and abundant species), but they fulfil the general criteria for the category LC. Red List assessments
from particular countries were also considered, based
on the proposals of project partners and considering
the extinction risk in surrounding Carpathian countries
or adjacent Non-Carpathian territories. No assessment
was done for the small part of the Carpathians located
in Serbia, due to the absence of a partner.
Our purpose was to collect and process all existing data
on Orthoptera species from six Carpathian countries
(Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia,
and Ukraine) and enter them into a database developed
by the State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic
in order to assess the Red List status.
Results (Summary)
Altogether 142 Orthoptera species (ca 10.3% of the
1382 European species) were recorded in the Carpathian
Mountains, in six Carpathian countries (CZ, SK, PL, UA,
HU, RO; Table 1). The number of species ranged from
55 (Poland) to 133 (Romania) taxa, following the temperature gradient along this region and illustrating the strong
impact on thermophilous insects as well as the proportional size of Carpathians in the particular countries. In
these countries, the number of species listed in national
Red Lists ranged from 12 (Poland, one threatened species) to 33 (Romania, 20 threatened species) and 37 species
(Slovakia, 13 threatened species).
Altogether, 61 of the 141 assessed species were included
in Carpathian Red List, but only 20 of them are listed as
threatened. Ten species were assessed as EN (Isophya harzi, Isophya ciucasi, Isophya nagyi, Saga pedo, Gampsocleis glabra,
Metrioptera domogledi, Zubovskia banatica, Chorthippus acroleucus, Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Podismopsis transsylvanica) and
ten as VU (Isophya costata, I. sicula, I. dochia, Poecilimon intermedius, Onconotus servillei, Uvarovitettix transsylvanicus, Miramella irena, Odontopodisma decipiens, Odontopodisma montana,
Stenobothrus eurasius, Table 1). Most of EN species are also
included on the global IUCN Red List.
A total of 16 species was endemic to the Carpathians
(11.3% of 142) and further six species sub-endemic
(Table 1), meaning that they also occur at a few sites in
the area surrounding the Carpathians.
Main threats
The major threats detected in most red-listed species are:
i) Habitat loss/degradation, abandonment of traditional management, of grass cutting and grazing and following succession leading to overgrowing by shrubs
and trees (e.g. Saga pedo, Gampsocleis glabra, Metrioptera
domogledi, Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Odontopodisma decipiens, Miramella irena, Stenobothrus eurasius).
ii) Human settlement expansion, use of insecticides,
overgrazing (e.g. Isophya harzi, I. ciucasi, I. nagyi, I. sicula,
I. dochia, Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Saga pedo, Chorthippus acroleucus, Podismopsis transsylvanica).
iii) Afforestation of non-forest habitats (e.g. Saga pedo,
Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Stenobothrus eurasius).
iv) Restricted range, low densities, limited dispersal with
combination with above mentioned threats: (e.g. most
of brachypterous species Isophya harzi, I. ciucasi, I. nagyi,
I. sicula, I. dochia, Poecilimon intermedius, Onconotus servillei,
Gampsocleis glabra, Uvarovitettix transsylvanicus, Miramella
irena, Zubovskia banatica, Chorthippus acroleucus, Podismopsis transsylvanica).
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank prof. Anna Liana from Poland
for her consultations during preparation of the draft Red
List.
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Table 1: Orthoptera in the Carpathians (Car) and their IUCN regional Red List categories (RL) and criteria (Crit) in particular Carpathian countries and for entire Carpathian region. (* = present)
SK
Taxa
RL
CZ
Crit
RL
HU
Crit
RL
PL
Crit
RL
UA
Crit
RL
RO
Crit
RL
Crit
RL
Ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784)
*
*
*
*
Conocephalus discolor Thunberg, 1815 /
*
*
*
*
*
*
LC
*
*
*
*
LC
*
Carpathians
Crit
Endemic, or
Subendemic in
Carpathians
=fuscus (Fabricius, 1793)/
Conocephalus dorsalis (Latreille, 1804)
LC
*
*
Conocephalus hastatus (Charpentier, 1825)
Ruspolia nitidula (Scopoli, 1786)
LC
Meconema meridionale A. Costa, 1860
*
Meconema thalassinum (De Geer, 1773)
*
*
*
NA
Barbitistes constrictus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*
*
*
Barbitistes ocskayi (Charpentier, 1850)
Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1798)
NT
Isophya beybienkoi Maran, 1958
DD
*
NT
*
*
*
*
Isophya costata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
VU
*
*
B1 a+c
Isophya harzi Kis, 1960
NT
*
*
DD
*
Isophya kraussii moldavica Iorgu & Heller, 2013
Isophya modestior Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882
*
NT
*
NT
*
Isophya ciucasi Iorgu & Iorgu, 2010
E
*
*
*
VU
B1a, b(iv, v)
EN
B2a+b iii iv v
EN
Isophya kraussii kraussii Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
B2a+b iii iv v
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
EN
E
LC
B1a+b ii iii
EN
E
E
B1a+b ii iii
E
Isophya sicula Orci, Szovenyi & Nagy, 2010
VU
B2a+b iii
VU
B2a+b iii
E
Isophya dochia Iorgu, 2012
VU
B2a+b iii
VU
B2a+b iii
E
EN
B2a+b iii
EN
B2a+b iii
Isophya nagyi Szovenyi, Puskas & Orci, 2012
Isophya posthumoidalis Bazyluk, 1971
DD
DD
*
DD
NT
Isophya speciosa (Frivaldszky, 1867)
190
*
*
DD
Isophya camptoxypha Fieber, 1853
Isophya pienensis Maran, 1954
*
Isophya stysi Cejchan, 1957
NT
Isophya modesta (Frivaldszky, 1867)
VU
NT
B1 a+c
VU
B1 a+c
LC
LC
E
E
LC
LC
*
LC
E
*
DD
SE
191
SK
Taxa
RL
CZ
Crit
RL
HU
Crit
RL
PL
Crit
RL
UA
Crit
RL
RO
Crit
RL
Crit
RL
Carpathians
Crit
Endemic, or
Subendemic in
Carpathians
Isophya rectipennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Isophya zubowskii Bei-Bienko, 1954
Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833)
Leptophyes discoidalis (Frivaldszky, 1867)
*
*
NT
*
NT
*
NT
Leptophyes laticauda (Frivaldszky, 1867)
Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792)
*
DD
*
*
*
*
Poecilimon ampliatus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*
*
DD
DD
DD
*
*
*
DD
NT
NT
CR
B1 a+c
Poecilimon intermedius (Fieber, 1853)
EN
B1 a+c; D
Poecilimon schmidtii (Fieber, 1853)
LC
VU
B1 a+c
VU
B1 a+c
VU
B1 a+c
DD
LC
CR
B1 a+b+c
NT
*
DD
LC
B1 a+b+c
CR
B1 a+b+c
EN
B1 a+b+c
*
*
*
*
*
Metrioptera (M.) bicolor (Philippi, 1830)
*
*
*
*
*
Metrioptera (M.) brachyptera (Linnaeus, 1761)
*
*
*
*
*
*
DD
DD
VU
*
LC
NT
NT
*
Onconotus servillei Fischer de Waldheim, 1846
CR
SE
DD
Poecilimon thoracicus (Fieber, 1853)
LC
SE
DD
*
Poecilimon fussii Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Decticus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
*
DD
Poecilimon brunneri (Frivaldszky, 1867)
Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771)
LC
*
*
Poecilimon affinis (Frivaldszky, 1867)
Polysarcus denticauda (Charpentier, 1825)
LC
*
Phaneroptera falcata (Poda, 1761)
Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853
LC
LC
VU
B2a+b iii; D1
VU
B2a+b iii; D1
EN
B2a+b i ii iii; D
EN
B2a+b i ii iii; D
*
Gampsocleis glabra (Herbst, 1786)
EN
*
B2a+b; D
*
EN
EN
B2a+b; D
*
*
Metrioptera (Broughtonia) domogledi
B1a, b(ii,iii,iv, v)
*
B2a+b
EN
B2a+b; D
E
Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1882
Metrioptera (M.) roeselii roeselii (Hagenbach, 1822)
*
Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861)
CR
Pholidoptera aptera (Fabricius, 1793)
Pholidoptera fallax (Fischer, 1853)
Pholidoptera frivaldskyi (Herman, 1871)
Pholidoptera griseoaptera (De Geer, 1773)
*
B1 a+b+c
*
*
EN
*
EN
*
*
*
*
*
B1 a+c
EN
*
B1 a+c
*
*
DD
*
*
*
*
Pholidoptera littoralis similis
B1 a+c
*
*
*
DD
*
*
*
*
LC
DD
*
*
*
*
LC
LC
*
*
*
*
SE
(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861)
Pholidoptera transsylvanica (Fischer, 1853)
NT
NT
NT
Platycleis (P.) albopunctata (Goeze, 1778)
Platycleis (Platycleis) albopunctata grisea (Fabricius, 1781)
*
*
*
*
*
Platycleis (Montana) striata (Thunberg, 1815)
Platycleis (Montana) montana (Kollar, 1833)
Platycleis (Tesselana) veyseli (Kocak, 1984)
Pterolepis germanica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1840)
Tettigonia cantans (Füssli, 1775)
*
VU
B1 a+c
*
*
NT
NT
*
*
*
LC
*
*
*
NT
*
NT
Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758
*
*
*
*
Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
DD
*
*
Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758
*
*
*
Melanogryllus desertus (Pallas, 1771)
*
*
*
*
*
DD
Tettigonia caudata (Charpentier, 1842)
Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804)
192
NT
SE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
193
SK
Taxa
RL
CZ
Crit
RL
HU
Crit
RL
PL
Crit
RL
UA
Crit
RL
RO
Crit
RL
Crit
RL
Carpathians
Crit
Endemic, or
Subendemic in
Carpathians
Modicogryllus frontalis (Fieber, 1844)
*
*
Nemobius sylvestris (Bosc, 1792)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Pteronemobius heydenii (Fischer, 1853)
Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli, 1763)
*
*
*
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
*
*
Myrmecophilus acervorum (Panzer, [1799])
*
*
*
Tetrix bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Tetrix ceperoi (Bolívar, 1887)
Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tetrix tenuicornis Sahlberg, 1893
Tetrix tuerki (Krauss, 1876)
Tetrix undulata (Sowerby, 1806)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
LC
CR
*
*
*
B1 a+b+c
*
*
*
*
*
NT
LC
LC
LC
*
*
Uvarovitettix transsylvanicus (Bazyluk et Kis, 1960)
Paracaloptenus caloptenoides (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1861)
Miramella alpina (Kollar, 1833)
*
CR
NT
B1 a+b+c
*
CR
*
*
*
*
*
EN
*
*
LC
NT
B2 a+c
Odontopodisma rubripes Ramme, 1931
VU
B1 a+c
Pezotettix giornae (Rossi, 1794)
VU
B1 a+c
Odontopodisma montana Kis, 1962
Pseudopodisma transilvanica Galvagni & Fontana, 1993
*
*
RE
*
LC
LC
194
B2a+b iii; D1
B2a+b; D
VU
B2a+b iii; D1
E?
*
*
B1a+b iii iv v
NT
VU
B2a+c
VU
B1a+b iii iv v
NT
*
LC
*
LC
*
*
DD
SE
NT
RE
VU
B1 a+c
LC
*
EN
LC
B2a+b iii iv v
EN
B2a+b iii iv v
EN
*
Chorthippus acroleucus (Müller, 1924)
EN
Chorthippus albomarginatus (De Geer, 1773)
*
*
*
*
Chorthippus apricarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg, 1815)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Chorthippus dichrous (Eversmann, 1859)
DD
*
*
*
*
*
Chorthippus dorsatus (Zetterstedt, 1821)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Chorthippus mollis (Charpentier, 1825)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Chorthippus montanus (Charpentier, 1825)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Chorthippus oschei Helversen, 1985
*
Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821)
*
*
NT
NT
Chorthippus tatrae (Harz, 1971)
*
Chorthippus vagans (Eversmann, 1848)
*
*
*
B2a+b iii iv v
E
B2a+b iii iv v
E
NT
Chorthippus biguttulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chorthippus pullus (Philippi, 1830)
E
*
LC
Zubovskya banatica Kis, 1965
Arcyptera fusca (Pallas, 1773)
*
LC
VU
NT
Pseudopodisma fieberi (Scudder, 1897)
Pseudopodisma nagyi Galvagni & Fontana, 1996
*
*
VU
B2a,bII,IV
*
*
Odontopodisma carpathica Kis, 1962
EN
*
VU
Odontopodisma acuminata Kis, 1962
Podisma pedestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
B2a+b; D
*
Miramella irena (Fruhstorfer, 1921)
Odontopodisma decipiens Ramme, 1951
VU
*
B1 a+b+c
*
*
B2a,bII,IV
*
Miramella ebneri ebneri (Galvagni, 1953)
Miramella ebneri carpathica Cejchan, 1958
*
VU
Acrida ungarica (Herbst, 1786)
Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
DD
NT
*
NT
*
*
*
*
*
*
195
SK
Taxa
RL
CZ
Crit
RL
HU
Crit
RL
PL
Crit
RL
UA
Crit
RL
RO
Crit
RL
Crit
RL
Carpathians
Crit
Endemic, or
Subendemic in
Carpathians
Chrysochraon dispar (Germar, [1834])
*
Dociostaurus brevicollis (Eversmann, 1848)
*
*
*
*
*
Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, 1815)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Euchorthippus declivus (Brisout de Barneville, 1849)
*
Euchorthippus pulvinatus (Fischer de Waldheim, 1846)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Euthystira brachyptera (Ocskay, 1826)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Gomphocerippus rufus (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunberg, 1815)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Omocestus haemorrhoidalis (Charpentier, 1825)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Omocestus viridulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
*
*
*
*
Omocestus petraeus (Brisout de Barneville, 1856)
*
*
Podismopsis transsylvanica Ramme, 1951
Stauroderus scalaris (Fischer de Waldheim, 1846)
Stenobothrus crassipes (Charpentier, 1825)
Stenobothrus eurasius Zubovskii, 1898
NT
*
*
VU
*
B2 a+c
*
*
VU
Stenobothrus lineatus (Panzer, 1796)
*
*
*
Stenobothrus nigromaculatus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1840)
*
*
*
Stenobothrus stigmaticus (Rambur, 1838)
B2 a+c
*
*
*
*
*
*
Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781)
LC
Mecostethus parapleurus (Hagenbach, 1822)
NT
NT
*
B2a+b iii
EN
*
*
*
*
VU
*
Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804)
B2a+c
VU
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
DD
*
*
LC
*
DD
NT
*
LC
*
*
*
DD
DD
*
LC
Oedaleus decorus (Germar, 1826)
*
Oedipoda caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
*
*
*
*
*
NT
NT
VU
B1, B2a+b iv+v
NT
Sphingonotus caerulans (Linnaeus, 1767)
NT
*
*
*
LC
Stethophyma grossum (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
NT
*
*
*
*
LC
Total species
37
11
17
12
14
33
61
1
10
10
10
10
4
7
RE
B2a+b iii
E
B2a+c
*
Bryodemella tuberculatum (Fabricius, 1775)
Psophus stridulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
*
EN
Stenobothrus rubicundulus Kruseman et Jeekel, 1967
196
*
*
2
CR
4
EN
2
3
1
2
VU
7
1
6
1
NT
11
5
6
2
LC
8
DD
5
2
9
2
2
8
22
7
3
4
12
197
198
Table 2: Detailed description of Red List criteria for Carpathian Orthoptera
Odontopodisma decipiens Ramme, 1951
B. 2. AOO: approx. 800-1000 km2; (a) only 8 locations; (c) extreme
fluctuations in number of mature individuals
Taxa
Criteria in detail for Carpathians
Odontopodisma montana Kis, 1962
Meconema meridionale A. Costa, 1860
not native in Carpathians, known only from 2009 there
B. 1. EOO cca. 15000 km2; (a) only six locations; (b) continuing decline in:
area and quality of habitat; number of locations; number of mature
individuals
Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1798)
NT close to VU: B. 2. AOO: approx. 3000 km2; (a) severely fragmented;
(b) II. continuing decline in area / quality of habitat
Odontopodisma rubripes Ramme, 1931
NT close to VU: B. 1. EOO: approx. 20 000 km2; (a) severely fragmented;
(b) continuing decline in area / quality of habitat.
Isophya costata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
B. 1. EOO cca. 10 000-15 000 km2; (a) severely fragmented; (b) continuing
decline in area, quality of habitat (due to overgrazing), number of
locations; number of mature individuals.
Zubovskya banatica Kis, 1965
B. 2. AOO cca. 200 km2; (a) only one location; (b) continuing decline in
area, quality of habitat; number of subpopulations; number of mature
individuals
Isophya harzi Kis, 1960
B. 2. AOO cca. 150 km2; (a) only one known location; (b) continuing
decline in area, quality of habitat (due to overgrazing), number of
subpopulations; number of mature individuals
Arcyptera fusca (Pallas, 1773)
NT close to VU: B. 2. AOO: approx. 2 000-3 000 km2; (a) severely
fragmented; (b) continuing decline in area / quality of habitat
(aforestation, lost of pastures).
Isophya ciucasi Iorgu & Iorgu, 2010
B. 1. EOO cca. 3000 km2; (a) only two locations; (b) continuing decline in
area of occupancy and area / quality of habitat (due to overgrazing)
Chorthippus acroleucus (Müller, 1924)
Isophya sicula Orci, Szovenyi & Nagy, 2010
B. 2. AOO cca. 1000 km2; (a) only two locations; (b) continuing decline in
area / quality of habitat (due to overgrazing and human settlement
expansion)
B. 2. AOO cca. 150 km2; (a) only one location; (b) continuing decline in
area, quality of habitat (due to overgrazing), number of subpopulations;
number of mature individuals
Chorthippus pullus (Philippi, 1830)
NT close to VU: B. 2. AOO: approx. 2 000-3 000 km2; (a) severely
fragmented; (b) continuing decline in area / quality of habitat.
Isophya dochia Iorgu, 2012
B. 2. AOO cca. 1000 km2; (a) only three locations; (b) continuing decline
in area / quality of habitat (due to overgrazing)
Podismopsis transsylvanica Ramme, 1951
B. 2. AOO cca. 200 km2; (a) only one location; should be: (b) continuing
decline in area / quality of habitat (due to overgrazing)
Isophya nagyi Szovenyi, Puskas & Orci, 2012
B. 2. AOO cca. 300 km2; (a) only two locations; (b) continuing decline in
area / quality of habitat (due to overgrazing)
Stenobothrus eurasius Zubovskii, 1898
B. 2. AOO: approx. 2000 km2; (a) only 7 locations; (c) extreme fluctuations
in number of mature individuals.
Poecilimon affinis (Frivaldszky, 1867)
NT close to VU: B. 1. EOO: approx. 20 000 km2; (a) only 25 locations;
(b) II. continuing decline in area / quality of habitat (due to overgrazing).
Poecilimon intermedius (Fieber, 1853)
B. 1. EOO cca. 10 000 km2; (a) severely fragmented; (b) continuing decline
in area of occupancy, quality of habitat (due to overgrazing), number of
locations; number of mature individuals.
Poecilimon thoracicus (Fieber, 1853)
NT close to VU: B. 1. EOO: approx. 10 000 km2; (a) only 11 locations;
(b) II. continuing decline in area / quality of habitat (due to overgrazing).
Onconotus servillei Fischer de Waldheim, 1846
B. 2. AOO cca. 1000 km2; (a) only one location; (b) continuing decline in
area / quality of habitat; D. 1. Population size: 500-800 individuals.
Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771)
B. 2. AOO cca. 300 km2; (a) only five locations; (b) continuing decline
in extent of occurrence, area of occupancy and area / quality of habitat;
D. population size estimated to be less than 200 mature individuals
Gampsocleis glabra (Herbst, 1786)
B2. AOO: approx. 200 km2; (a) only one location; (b) continuing decline in
area of occupancy and number of mature individuals; D. Population size:
approx. 150-200 mature individuals.
Metrioptera (Broughtonia) domogledi
Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1882
B2. AOO: approx. 200 km2; (a) only one location; (b) continuing decline in
area of occupancy and number of mature individuals. In Serbia 4 oro
units (VU, Paviтeviт D, in litt.)
Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861)
NT close to VU: B. 1. EOO: approx. 25 000 km2; (a) especially in the
northern countries severely fragmented; (b) II. continuing decline in area /
quality of habitat.
Platycleis (Montana) montana (Kollar, 1833)
NT close to VU: B. 2. AOO: approx. 2100 km2; (a) only 4 locations;
(b) II. continuing decline in area / quality of habitat (due to overgrazing
and human settlement expansion).
Uvarovitettix transsylvanicus (Bazyluk et Kis, 1960)
B. 2. AOO: approx. 1800-2000 km2; (a) only four locations; (b) continuing
decline in (II) area of occupancy and (IV) number of locations
Paracaloptenus caloptenoides
(Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1861)
B. 2. AOO: approx. 380-450 km2; (a) severely fragmented, only 11
locations; (b) continuing decline in area of occupancy, number of mature
individuals; D. Population size: approx. 200-250 mature individuals.
Miramella irena (Fruhstorfer, 1921)
B. 2. AOO cca. 1000 km2; (a) only one location; (b) continuing decline in
area / quality of habitat; D. 1. Population size: 800-1000 mature
individuals.
199
Major threats to butterflies in the Carpathians
The main threats to butterflies are degradation and loss
of habitats, which causes loss of optimal conditions for
existence. The main reason is the drastic decline in traditional farming, mainly on non-forest habitats - abandonment of traditional management. Grass cutting and
grazing is on decline and it leads to succession and overgrowing by shrubs and trees. Also an afforestation of dry
rocky habitats has very negative consequences.
DRAFT RED LIST OF BUTTERFLIES
(LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA)
OF THE CARPATHIAN MTS.
Compiled by Henrik Kalivoda
Contributors and persons involved in processing and compilation of source data: Ľubomír Víťaz
(Slovakia), Wieczisław Król, Aleksandra Pępkowska-Król, Monika Szewczyk (Poland), Miklós Heltai
(Hungary), Horea Olosutean (Romania), Yevhen Lyashenko (Ukraine), Dragan Pavicevic (Serbia)
Background
There are 483 butterfly species listed in the worldwide
IUCN Red List, and majority of the species occurring in
Europe and the Carpathian region are part of this list.
The worldwide IUCN Red List was one of the key documents in development of the Carpathian Red List.
Another background document used was IUCN European Red List of Butterflies, published in 2010. All butterflies species threatened in Europe are in this document
very well evaluated, however, without closer reference to
individual countries or regions. Data are evaluated from
EU and Pan-European perspective. Despite these shortcomings, the IUCN European Red List of Butterflies was
an important source of information.
The major source of information was a database developed specifically for the BioREGIO Carpathians project
purposes. Full and useful data were available from Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine and partially
from Serbia. Data from other countries of the Carpathian
region were insufficient.
Methods
A new classification of butterflies (NIEUKERKEN et al.
2011) was used, where some families and superfamilies of
butterflies have been changed. The family Satyridae was
merged with family Nymphalidae and whole superfamily
Hesperioidea was moved to superfamily Papilionoidea as
family Hesperiidae.
In the overall assessment there was only a group of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) included. Data on the
occurrence and distribution of other groups of Lepidoptera were insufficient.
There also is a problem in timeliness and spatial distribution in each country within the Carpathian region.
Results
Altogether, 231 butterfly and moth species were listed in
the BioREGIO Carpathians project database. Only 114
butterfly species were evaluated due to incomplete data
sets of moths in some countries. The level of knowledge
of butterflies in particular Carpathian countries differs as
well. In summary, the following numbers of butterfly species were listed under the categories RE?, CR, EN, and
VU in the National Red lists: 3 (HU), 13 (UA), 0 (RS), 25
(RO), 16 (PL) and 51 species (SK) (See Table1). Species
of dry rocky habitats, grasslands, pastures, peat bogs and
fens dominate in the national red lists.
The list of threatened Butterflies in the Carpathians is in
Table 2.
Table 1: Number of species recorded in Red List in the Carpathians in individual countries
Status of threat
RE?
CR
EN
VU
NT
LC
DD
200
Slovakia
8
8
18
17
8
2
9
Hungary
1
2
6
46
Poland
6
1
5
4
8
13
1
Conservation of butterflies in the Carpathians
Protection of butterflies must be based on the protection
of their habitats. It is necessary to stop the degradation
of grassland and pasture habitats and provide management under traditional agriculture. It is also necessary to
ensure the protection of fens and bogs, and to stabilise
and protect the water regime. For dry rocky habitats is
necessary to stop the succession and ensure a removal of
pioneering shrubs and trees.
References
BUSZKO, J. & MASФOWSKI, J. (2008). Motyle dzienne Polski. Wyd. Koliber, Nowy Sэcz. 274 pp.
GYULAI, P., LÁSZLÓ, M. GY., PEKARSKY, O., PEREGOVITS,
L., RONKAY, G., RONKAY, L., SZABÓKY, CS., VARGA, Z. &
WITT, T. J. (2011). Magyarország nagylepkéi – Macrolepidoptera of Hungary. – in: Varga, Z. (ed.): Heterocera
Press Ltd., Budapest, 253 pp.
MATELESHKO, O. & POTISH, L. (eds) (2011). Red Data
Book of Ukrainian Carpathians. Animals. Uzhgorod:
Karpaty, 2011. – 336 pp.
NIEUKERKEN, E. J. VAN, KAILA, L., KITCHING, I. J., KRISTENSEN, N. P., LEES, D. C., MINET, J., MITTER, C. H.,
MUTANEN, M., REGIER, J. C., SIMONSEN, T. J., WAHLBERG,
N., YEN, S–H., ZAHIRI, R., ADAMSKI, D., BAIXERAS, J.,
BARTSCH, D., BENGTSSON, B. Å., BROWN, J. W., BUCHELI,
S. R., DAVIS, D. R., DE PRINS, J., DE PRINS, W., EPSTEIN,
M. E., GENTILI–POOLE, P., GIELIS, C., HÄTTENSCHWILER,
P., HAUSMANN, A., HOLLOWAY, J. D., KALLIES, A., KARSHOLT, O., KAWAHARA, A. Y., KOSTER, S. J. C., KOZLOV,
M. V., LAFONTAINE, J. D., LAMAS, G., LANDRY, J–F., LEE,
S., NUSS, M., PARK, K–T., PENZ, C., ROTA, J., SCHMIDT,
B. C., SCHINTLMEISTER, A., SOHN, J–C., SOLIS, M. A.,
TARMANN, G. M., WARREN, A. D., WELLER, S., YAKOVLEV, R. V., ZOLOTUHIN, V. V. & ZWICK, A. (2011).
Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z–Q.
(Ed.), Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher–level
classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148: 212–221.
NEKRUTENKO, YU. & TSHIKOLOVETS, V. (2005). The
Butterflies of Ukraine. Rayevsky Scientific Publishers,
Kyiv, 231 pp.
SLAMKA, F. (2004). Die Tagfalter Mitteleuropas - östlicher Teil. Bestimmung, Biotope und Bionomie, Verbreitung, Gefährdung. Bratislava: František Slamka, 288 pp.
SZÉKELY, L. (2008). The Butterflies of Romania – Fluturii de zi din România. Braоov, 305 pp.
TSHIKOLOVETS, V. (2011): Butterflies of Europe and the
Mediterranean Area. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice, 544 pp.
VAN SWAAY, C., CUTTELOD, A., COLLINS, S., MAES, D.,
LOPEZ MUNGUIRA, M., ŠAŠIп, M., SETTELE, J., VEROVNIK,
R., VERSTRAEL, T., WARREN, M., WIEMERS, M. AND WYNHOF, I. (2010). European Red List of Butterflies. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Table 2: List of threatened Butterflies in Carpathians and their IUCN Red List categories and criteria
IUCN RL
category
(Carpathians)
IUCN RL
criteria
(Carpathians)
Endemic to
Carpathians
HD
Annexes
Bern
Convention
Appendices
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Carcharodus floccifera (Zeller, 1847)
EN
A.3.
N
Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper, 1783)
EN
A.3.
N
Spialia orbifer (Hübner, 1823)
VU
A.3.
N
Papilionidae
Romania
3
7
15
3
1
1
Serbia
1
1
Ukraine
1
7
5
1
1
1
Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758)
EN
A.2.
N
+
II
Zerynthia polyxena (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
EN
B.1.b.(ii).
N
+
II
Pieris ergane (Geyer, 1828)
EN
B.1.b.(ii).
N
Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851)
EN
A.2.
N
Leptidea morsei (Fenton, 1882)
VU
A.3.
N
Pieridae
Colias chrysotheme (Esper, 1781)
EN
A.3.
N
Colias myrmidone (Esper, 1781)
EN
A.3.
N
+
+
201
IUCN RL
category
IUCN RL
criteria
(Carpathians)
(Carpathians)
Colias palaeno (Linnaeus, 1761)
EN
A.3.
Colias phicomone (Esper, 1780)
RE
Endemic to
Carpathians
HD
Annexes
Bern
Convention
Appendices
N
N
Nymphalidae
A.3.
Nymphalis xanthomelas (Esper, 1781)
EN
Nymphalis vaualbum (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
RE
N
Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)
VU
A.3.
N
Compiled by Ján Koš o
Brenthis hecate (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
VU
A.3.
N
Boloria aquilonaris (Stichel, 1908)
EN
A.2.
N
Boloria titania (Esper, 1793)
EN
B.1.b.(ii).
N
Contributors and persons involved in processing and compilation of source data: Ján Koš o (Slovakia) , Miklós Heltai, Ákos Harka, Zoltán Sallai (Hungary), Monika Szewczyk, Michal Nowak, Piotr
Mikolajczyk (Poland), Saša Brankovi (Serbia), Fedir Kurtiak (Ukraine), Karel Hala ka, Martin Strnad
(Czech Republic), Doru Banaduc (Romania)
N
+
Boloria pales (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
VU
A.3.
N
Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1799)
VU
B.2.a.+b.(i,ii,iii,iv).
N
Melitaea telona Fruhstorfer, 1908
EN
B.2.a.
N
Melitaea trivia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
EN
A.3.
N
Melitaea phoebe (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
VU
A.3.
N
Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)
EN
A.3.
N
+
II
Euphydryas maturna (Linnaeus, 1758)
EN
A.3.
N
+
II
Hipparchia statilinus (Hufnagel, 1766)
EN
A.3.
N
Hipparchia fagi (Scopoli, 1763)
VU
A.3.
N
Chazara briseis (Linnaeus, 1764)
EN
A.3.
N
Erebia gorge (Hübner, 1804)
VU
A.3.
N
Erebia manto (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
VU
A.3.
N
Erebia melas (Herbst, 1796)
VU
A.3.
N
Erebia pharte (Hübner, 1804)
VU
A.3.
N
Erebia pronoe (Esper, 1780)
EN
A.3.
N
Erebia sudetica Staudinger, 1861
EN
A.3.
N
+
II
Coenonympha hero (Linnaeus, 1761)
EN
A.3.
N
+
II
Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes, 1900
VU
A.3.
N
Coenonympha tullia (Muller, 1764)
VU
A.3.
N
Lasiommata petropolitana (Fabricius, 1787)
VU
A.3.
N
Lopinga achine (Scopoli, 1763)
VU
A.3.
N
+
+
Acknowledgments
Lycaena helle (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
VU
A.3.
N
Lycaena thersamon (Esper, 1784)
VU
A.3.
N
We would like to acknowledge the committed work of
specialists who have provided information and expertise
to this project: M. Makomaska-Juchiewicz, M. Szewczyk,
M. Heltai, S. Brankoviр, M. Strnad, F. Kurtyak, and D.
Banaduc. We would also like to thank all the other specialists’ assessors and reviewers who contributed to this
project: Á. Harka, Z. Sallai, M. Nowak, and K. Halaтka.
Background
II
Lycaenidae
202
DRAFT CARPATHIAN RED LIST OF FISH
AND LAMPREY SPECIES
Plebejus optilete (Knoch, 1781)
VU
A.3.
N
Pseudophilotes vicrama (Hemming, 1929)
VU
A.3.
N
Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771)
VU
A.3.
N
Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761)
EN
A.3.
N
Phengaris arion (Linnaeus, 1758)
EN
A.2.
N
Phengaris alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
VU
A.3.
N
Phengaris nausithous (Bergstrasser, 1779)
VU
A.3.
N
+
II
Phengaris teleius (Bergstrasser, 1779)
VU
A.3.
N
+
II
Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792)
EN
A.2.
N
Polyommatus eroides (Frivaldszky, 1835)
EN
A.2.
N
Polyommatus admetus (Esper, 1783)
VU
A.3.
N
Polyommatus damon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
VU
A.3.
N
Polyommatus dorylas (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
VU
A.3.
N
+
Global and European context
At the global scale, the best source of information on the
conservation status of plants and animals is the IUCN Red
List of Threatened Species (see www.iucnredlist.org).
We used assessments available on the European Red List
website and data portal: http://www.iucnredlist.org/,
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/
species/redlist and http://www.iucnredlist.org/europe.
Carpathian/national context
The waters of the Carpathians are mainly fast-flowing
mountain rivers and streams with the bedrock bottom.
River slope ranges between less than 10‰ to over 100‰.
The occurrence of macrophytes is rather restricted, due
in part to fast currents and considerable changes in water
level. Such hydrological conditions determine fish composition, with the dominant share of reophilous species. Fish preferring a bedrock bottom are a characteristic
group in the Carpathian region.
II
Executive summary
+
As part of this Red List assessment, 76 native species
have been assessed, present in the seven states of the
Carpathian Region.
Assessment methodology
The status of all species was assessed using the IUCN
Red List Criteria, which are the world’s most widely accepted system for measuring extinction risk. All assessments followed the Guidelines for Application of IUCN
Red List Criteria at Regional Levels.
The extinction risk of a species can be assessed at global,
regional or national level. One species can have a different
category in the National Red List and a Regional Red List.
An endemic species should have the same category at national and regional level, as it is not present in any other
part of the Carpathian region.
Taxonomic scope / Habitats categorisation
Taxonomy largely follows KOTTELAT AND FREYHOF (2007).
Assessments and evaluation
All lamprey and fish species, occurring in the Carpathians,
were evaluated.
Results
Threat status – See Table 1.
Major threats
Although pollution is one of the most widespread threats, impacting the highest number of species, it is not the
most serious threat. Other significant threats such as water abstraction and the introduction of alien species are
causing much more rapid population declines for some
freshwater species.
The single most important threat to European freshwater
fishes is the abstraction of water; from underground, or
from the streams and rivers themselves.
Many Carpathian fishes are highly susceptible to the impact of introduced alien species. These may be predators
or competitors.
Most freshwater fishes are very sensitive to alterations
of their natural habitat. In addition, many require long
distance migrations to fulfil their life cycle.
There are few rivers in the Carpathians that have not been
impacted by dams for hydropower or irrigation purposes.
Conservation/conservation management
Carpathian countries are signatories to a number of important conventions aimed at conserving biodiversity that
are particularly relevant to freshwater fishes, including the
203
1979 Bern Convention on the Conservation of European
Wildlife and Natural Habitats, and most importantly, the
1992 Convention on Biological Diversity. All countries
and regions also afford freshwater fishes some form of
protective species legislation.
The EU’s LIFE+ programme offers financial support for
species and habitats conservation projects throughout the
EU. In particular, LIFE+ supports the implementation of
the Birds and Habitats Directives and the establishment
of the Natura 2000 network. Projects involve a variety
of actions including habitat restoration, site purchases,
communication and awareness-raising, protected area infrastructure and conservation planning.
References
ESSL, F., MOSER, D., DIRNBOCK, T., DULLINGER, S., MILASOWSZKY, N., WINTER, M. & RABITSCH, W. (2013).
Native, alien, endemic, threatened, and extinct species
diversity in European countries. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, 164: 90-97.
FREYHOF, J. & BROOKS, E. (2011). European Red List
of Freshwater Fishes. Luxembourg: Publications Offi-
ce of the European Union.
Family/Taxon
SK
CZ
HU
PL
HARKA, Á. & SALLAI, Z. (2004). Magyarország halfaunája. Képes határozó és elterjedési tájékoztató. NIMFEA T.
E., SZARVAS, 269 pp.
Carassius carassius
VU
CR
VU
NT
Cyprinus carpio wild form
NE
Cyprinus carpio culture form
LC
NA
LC
Gobio carpathicus
NT
KOŠсO, J. & HOLсÍK, J. (2008). Anotovaný сervený
zoznam mihúѽ a rýb Slovenska – verzia 2007. Biodiverzita ichtyofauny сR (VII): 119-132.
SK
CZ
HU
NT
EN
Eudontomyzon mariae
VU
NT
Eudontomyzon vladykovi
NE
Lampetra planeri
EN
CR
EN
CR
NT
LC
LC
Leuciscus aspius
LC
LC
LC
NT
NT
LUSK, S., HANEL, L. & LUSKOVA, V. (2004). Red List of the
ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: Development and
present status. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA, 53, 2: 215-226.
Leuciscus idus
NT
NT
LC
LC
Leuciscus leuciscus
NT
LC
LC
NT
Pelecus cultratus
EN
WITKOWSKI, A. (1991). Threats and protection of freshwater fishes in Poland. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 42(2-3): 243-259.
Phoxinus phoxinus
LC
NT
VU
Rhodeus amarus
LC
EN
LC
Romanogobio albipinnatus
NT
NT
LC
VU
WITKOWSKI, Z.J., KRÓL, W. & SOLARZ, W. (eds) (2003).
Carpathian List of Endangered Species. WWF and
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Vienna-Kraków, 64 pp.
Romanogobio kesslerii
EN
CR
NT
NT
Romanogobio uranoscopus
EN
PL
RO
UA
RS
Carp. RL
EN
VU
NT
CR
VU
-
CR
VU
CR
CR
NA
VU
CR
EN
EN
EN
VU
EN
RE
RE
CR
CR
EN
NE
Alosa caspia
DD
DD
Alosa immaculata
VU
VU
Anguillidae
NE
CR
Clupeidae
Cyprinidae
Abramis brama
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
Alburnoides bipunctatus
LC
VU
LC
EN
LC
LC
NT
LC
Alburnus alburnus
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
Ballerus ballerus
NT
VU
LC
DD
LC
NT
Ballerus sapa
NT
LC
NT
LC
NT
Barbus barbus
LC
LC
NT
Barbus carpathicus
LC
Blicca bjoerkna
LC
LC
VU
NT
NT
NT
NT
LC
LC
DD
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
Leucaspius delineatus
Huso huso
204
EN
LC
EN
LC
NT
LC
EN
EN
NT
LC
LC
EN
VU
EN
LC
NT
NA
VU
-
LC
Acipenser sturio
NE
VU
VU
Acipenser stellatus
Anguilla anguilla
EN
LC
VU
Acipenser oxyrinchus
EN
NT
Acipenser nudiventris
NT
Carp. RL
Chondrostoma nasus
Acipenseridae
Acipenser ruthenus
RS
Gobio gobio
Petromyzontidae
Eudontomyzon danfordii
UA
KOTTELAT, M. & FREYHOF, J. (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol,
Switzerland, 646 pp.
Table 1: Overview of the status of Lamprey and Fish species of the Carpathians
Family/Taxon
Gobio obtusirostris
RO
LC
CR
NT
EN
NT
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
VU
VU
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
VU
DD
NT
DD
NT
LC
EN
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD
VU
DD
EN
Rutilus rutilus
LC
Rutilus virgo
VU
LC
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
Squalius cephalus
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
Tinca tinca
NT
LC
LC
LC
Vimba vimba
NT
VU
LC
CR
LC
NT
LC
EN
VU
Telestes souffia
VU
NT
NT
LC
VU
VU
CR
NT
LC
NT
CR
NE
Cobitidae
Cobitis elongatoides
NT
Cobitis elongata
Cobitis taenia
DD
Misgurnus fossilis
NT
EN
NT
Sabanejewia balcanica
NT
VU
NT
VU
LC
LC
NT
LC
NE
CR
NT
-
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
EN
EN
EN
-
EN
NT
-
LC
VU
-
VU
NT
LC
NT
EN
VU
NT
Balitoridae
Barbatula barbatula
LC
Siluridae
Silurus glanis
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
Esocidae
Esox lucius
Umbridae
Umbra krameri
EN
VU
Salmonidae
Hucho hucho
EN
EW
EN
NA
Salmo trutta
LC
NT
LC
NE
NT
VU
LC
NT
LC
VU
Cottus gobio
NT
VU
LC
NT
Cottus poecilopus
LC
VU
Salmo salar
Thymallus thymallus
CR
RE
NE
RE
VU
Lotidae
Lota lota
Cottidae
VU
VU
NT
NT
205
Family/Taxon
SK
CZ
HU
PL
RO
UA
RS
Carp. RL
DD
DD
IUCN category
IUCN criteria
HD annexes
Gasterosteidae
Pungitius platygaster
Barbus carpathicus
LC
NT
Blicca bjoerkna
LC
LC
NT
Carassius carassius
LC
LC
VU
Cyprinus carpio wild form
VU
LC
Cyprinus carpio culture form
CR
Gobio carpathicus
LC
LC
LC
Gobio obtusirostris
LC
LC
NT
Gobio gobio
LC
LC
Percidae
Gymnocephalus baloni
VU
Gymnocephalus cernuus
NT
Gymnocephalus schraetser
VU
Perca fluviatilis
LC
LC
NT
DD
LC
EN
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
Romanichthys valsanicola
CR
LC
CR
Sander lucioperca
LC
Sander volgensis
VU
LC
LC
LC
NT
DD
Zingel streber
VU
VU
VU
CR
VU
Chondrostoma nasus
Zingel zingel
VU
VU
NT
EN
VU
Leucaspius delineatus
LC
Leuciscus aspius
LC
LC
Leuciscus idus
LC
LC
Gobiidae
Neogobius fluviatilis
LC
Bonn
Convention
appendices
annexes
HD5
A2ce
Bern3
Bern3
HD2,5
Bern3
HD2,5
Bern3
Neogobius gymnotrachelus
DD
LC
Leuciscus leuciscus
Neogobius kessleri
LC
LC
Pelecus cultratus
LC
LC
LC
Phoxinus phoxinus
LC
LC
LC
Rhodeus amarus
LC
HD2
Bern3
Romanogobio albipinnatus
LC
HD2
Bern3
Neogobius melanostomus
Proterorhinus semilunaris
LC
IUCN category
IUCN criteria
HD annexes
Bern
Convention
appendices
Bonn
Convention
annexes
Romanogobio kesslerii
LC
HD2
Bern3
Romanogobio uranoscopus
LC
HD2
Bern3
HD2,5
Bern3
HD2
Bern3
Rutilus rutilus
LC
Rutilus virgo
LC
Family/Taxon
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
LC
Petromyzontidae
Squalius cephalus
LC
HD2
Telestes souffia
LC
LC
LC
Eudontomyzon danfordii
LC
Eudontomyzon mariae
LC
HD2
Bern3
Tinca tinca
Eudontomyzon vladykovi
LC
HD2
Bern3
Vimba vimba
Bern3
Cobitidae
Lampetra planeri
LC
HD2
Bern3
Acipenseridae
Cobitis elongatoides
LC
HD2
Bern3
Acipenser nudiventris
CR
A2cd
HD5
Bonn2
Cobitis elongata
LC
HD2
Bern3
Acipenser ruthenus
VU
A2cde
HD5
Bonn2
Cobitis taenia
LC
HD2
Bern3
Misgurnus fossilis
LC
HD2
Bern3
Sabanejewia balcanica
LC
HD2
Bern3
Bern3
Acipenser stellatus
CR
A2cde
HD5
Bern3
Bonn2
Acipenser sturio
CR
A2cde;B2ab(ii,iii,v)
HD2.HD4
Bern2
Bonn1,2
Acipenser oxyrinchus
NE
Huso huso
CR
Balitoridae
HD5
A2bcd
HD5
Bern2,3
Anguilla anguilla
Alosa immaculata
Barbatula barbatula
Silurus glanis
NE
LC
LC
Bern3
Esocidae
Clupeidae
Alosa caspia
Bonn2
Siluridae
Anguillidae
LC
VU
B2ab(v)
HD2,5
Esox lucius
HD2,5
Umbridae
Bern3
Cyprinidae
Umbra krameri
Abramis brama
LC
Salmonidae
Alburnoides bipunctatus
LC
Alburnus alburnus
LC
Ballerus ballerus
LC
Ballerus sapa
LC
Barbus barbus
LC
A2c
HD2
Bern2
Hucho hucho
EN
B2ab(ii,iii)
HD2,5
Bern3
Salmo trutta
LC
Bern3
Salmo salar
NE
HD2,5
Bern3
Bern3
Thymallus thymallus
LC
HD5
Bern3
Bern3
HD5
LC
VU
Lotidae
Lota lota
206
Bern
Convention
LC
207
IUCN category
IUCN criteria
HD annexes
Bern
Convention
Bonn
Convention
appendices
annexes
Cottidae
Cottus gobio
LC
Cottus poecilopus
LC
HD2
Bern3
Gasterosteidae
Pungitius platygaster
LC
DRAFT CARPATHIAN RED LIST
OF THREATENED AMPHIBIANS
(LISSAMPHIBIA)
Percidae
Gymnocephalus baloni
LC
Gymnocephalus cernuus
LC
Gymnocephalus schraetser
LC
Perca fluviatilis
LC
Romanichthys valsanicola
CR
Sander lucioperca
LC
Sander volgensis
LC
HD2,4
Bern3
HD2,5
Bern3
Compiled by Peter Urban & Ján Kautman
B1ab(ii,iii)+2av(ii,iii)
HD2,4
Bern3
Zingel streber
LC
HD2
Bern3
Zingel zingel
LC
HD5
Bern3
Gobiidae
208
Neogobius fluviatilis
LC
Neogobius gymnotrachelus
LC
Neogobius kessleri
LC
Neogobius melanostomus
LC
Proterorhinus semilunaris
LC
Contributors and persons involved in processing and compilation of source data: Rastko Ajtic (Serbia), Miklós Heltai (Hungary), Ján Kautman, Peter Urban (Slovakia), Fedir Kurtiak (Ukraine), Horea
Olosutean (Romania), Martin Strnad (Czech Republic), Małgorzata Makomanska-Juchiewicz, Monika
Szewczyk (Poland)
Bern3
Bern3
Bern3
Summary
Results and recommendations
The status of amphibians was assessed at two regional levels: in each of the Carpathian countries and in the whole
Carpathians.
From 18 amphibian taxa that occur in the Carpathian
region, only 6 species (33.3%) were considered threatened, classified as “Vulnerable“. Others were classed in
categories “Near Threatened” (11) and “Least Concern”
(1). Status of amphibian species in the Carpathians is
less favourable than at European regional level, where
22.9% were considered threatened. In the Carpathians
the amphibians are classed in the category “Vulnerable”
only and in the geographical Europe 2.4% are “Critically
Endangered”, 7.2% “Endangered” and 13.3% “Vulnerable”. A similar pattern was seen in the EU 27 (22.0%
threatened, of which 2.4% CR, 6.1 % EN and 13.4 %VU)
(TEMPLE & COX 2009).
Additional criteria applied when choosing species categories was inclusion of the species that are Endemic to
the Carpathians, listed in the European Union’s Habitat
Directive and listed in the Bern Convention.
Notes on taxonomy
In the Carpathians, there is an occurrence of hybridisation zones of some amphibian taxa, which are situated in
the transition zone between the mountains and lowlands.
Natural hybridization and introgression is recorded for
example between the newt species Triturus vulgaris and Lissotriton montandoni, in the group of Crested newts (Triturus
cristatus superspecies) - closely related species complex (Triturus cristatus, T. dobrogicus and T. carnifex) with parapatric distributions and between frog species Bombina bombina and
Bombina variegata. Current patterns result from present and
historical population –environment interactions that act
on each of the hybridizing taxa.
Methods
Remarks on the choice of species
The status of all species was assessed using the IUCN Red
List Criteria (IUCN 2001) and all assessments followed
the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria
at Regional Levels (IUCN 2003), Guidelines for Using the
IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2005) and
Rules of Procedure IUCN Red List Assessment Process
2013–2016 (IUCN 2012), too. The authors assessed the
status of species for the whole of the Carpathians using
“categories of threat”, that were available in existing national red lists and red books. As a result, this Carpathian
List of Endangered Species comprises species for which
the category of threat in the whole region was estimated
to be one of the following: Critically Endangered (CR);
Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU). Categories Extinct
(EX), Regionally Extinct (RE) and Data Deficient (DD)
were used, too.
Classification based on the number, trend and distribution (geographic ranges or the patterns of habitat occupancy) of the evaluated taxa is very complicated due to
problems of spatial scale. National Red List databases of
threatened species are in some cases still incomplete and
inconsistent, as detailed knowledge about the distribution, abundance and trends of most amphibian species
is not very developed. Much national information is not
from the Carpathian region only. Fundamental inventory
is needed in many Carpathian areas (including protected
areas) in order to draw any solid conclusion about the list
of species, their distribution, density and threats. Therefore, the choice of species (taxa) was difficult.
The IUCN criteria were assigned not only depending on
the occurrence and trends of taxa in Carpathian orographic areas (Alpine biogeographical region), but also on
209
the situation in adjacent areas, especially in Pannonic biogeographical region. It is especially difficult to assess the
species living in lowland areas only or species with most
predominant occurrence at lower altitudes. Without considering the occurrence in adjacent areas, the result of
the evaluation would have been unrealistic and illogical
in many cases, as the data would have been taken out of
context of the actual status of the species. This concerns
species Bombina bombina, Pelobates fuscus, Rana arvalis, Rana
esculenta-complex, Triturus dobrogicus and partially Hyla arborea and Triturus vulgaris.
observed sites is decreasing.
Overview of the state of endangerment, endemic
species in the Carpathians
We would like to thank also our colleagues Katalin Mázsa,
Jozef Májsky and Peter Mikulíтek for their input to the
study.
See Table 1.
The conservation of Carpathian amphibians is regulated
by different laws at the international and national levels.
At the European level, the Habitats Directive (Council
Directive 92/43/EEC) is the most important legal tool
for their protection and was transposed into national
laws.
Main threats
Amphibians are excellent indicators of the quality of the
overall environment, as they are very sensitive to perturbations in ecosystems (TEMPLE & COX 2009). The main
threat for amphibians in the Carpathians (as well as for
reptiles) is habitat loss (loss of temporary freshwater habitats, e. g. seasonal ponds and other wetlands), deterioration, fragmentation and large-scale deforestation in general. The second main threat is pollution (in freshwater
habitats water pollution, deterioration and other human
disturbance and destruction of eggs) and reduced humidity. It is followed by impact of predators and invasive
alien species and road mortality.
The decrease in abundance (increase of threat) of most
of the species is significant. For example, it is estimated,
that population of optically most common frog R. temporaria has decreased by more than 50% (even more at places) in the last decades. Destruction of reproduction sites
for agricultural, forestry and water management reasons,
extensive usage of pesticides and consequential destruction of food offer (aphids, bark-beetles, agricultural pests)
for insectivorous species, growing of coniferous monocultures, building of migration barriers without any effort of impact mitigation as well as still unknown impact
of the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis caused by a fungi
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis spread in the Carpathians,
all this is a complex of negatively limiting factors of the
amphibian population in the Carpathians. Generally said,
many reproduction sites had vanished. All the amphibian
species can be found when monitoring of these species, however, as the abundance of amphibian populations
was not assessed in the past, only explicit experience from
a long term observation can confirm, that the abundance
of most of amphibian species populations at most of the
210
New challenges
Proposed Red List of Amphibians gives the actual information on the status of this group in the Carpathian
region. It brings inspiration (and need) not only for completing the missing data for some of the listed species, but
also for future projects and studies on Lissamphibia and
their habitats.
Acknowledgements
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211
212
II
N
NT
LC
II
II
II, IV
Y
Y
NT
VU
LC
NT
II
II, IV
N
N
VU
VU
NT
LC
V
N
N
NT
NT
LC
LC
V
N
N
VU
LC
NT
IV
II
IV
V
N
N
NT
LC
LC
NT
II
II
IV
IV
N
N
VU
VU
NT
NT
II
II
IV
IV
N
N
NT
NT
LC
LC
II
II, IV
N
N
NT
NT
LC
N
NT
LC
(Carpathians)
NT
Triturus montandoni (Boulenger, 1880) [Lissotriton montandoni]
Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) [Lissotriton vulgaris]
LC
VU
VU
Triturus dobrogicus (Kiritzescu, 1903)
CR
LC
NT
LC
VU
VU
VU
VU
LC
CR
Triturus cristatus (Laurenti, 1768)
CR
VU
Triturus alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) [Mesotriton alpestris]
NT
LC
LC
LC
Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
NT
Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758
LC
LC
LC
VU
Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 [Pelophylax ridibundus]
CR
EN
Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882 [Pelophylax lessonae]
NT
LC
NT
VU
VU
VU
LC
LC
Rana esculenta Linnaeus, 1758 [Pelophylax esculentus]
LC
LC
NT
Rana dalmatina Fitzinger, 1838
LC
LC
CR
Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842
EN
VU
EN
Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti, 1768)
LC
LC
NT
NT
NT
NT
Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758)
NT
Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768 [Pseudepidalea viridis]
LC
LC
NT
Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
VU
Bombina bombina (Linnaeus, 1758)
VU
LC
SK
Taxon
EN
HU
CZ
VU
VU
LC
NT
LC
[Lissotriton montandoni]
Triturus montandoni (Boulenger, 1880)
CR
CR
VU
Triturus cristatus (Laurenti, 1768)
CR
VU
LC
LC
VU
Triturus alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) [Mesotriton alpestris]
CR
EN
Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882 [Pelophylax lessonae]
NT
LC
NT
NT
VU
NT
NT
RO
PL
LC
LC
LC
RS
LC
II, IV
II
Appendix
Bern
Convention
HD
Annexes
Endemic to
Carpathians
IUCN
RL category
UA
II
II
II, IV
II, IV
N
Y
A2,4 acde
A2, acd
VU
VU
IV
N
N
A2, acde
A2, acd
VU
VU
II
II
IV
IV
N
N
A1,2 abcd
LC
LC
CR
Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842
EN
VU
EN
Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti, 1768)
HU
CZ
SK
Taxon
ZIELIҀSKI, P. (2004). Triturus cristatus. In: ADAMSKI, P.,
BARTEL, L., BERESZYҀSKI, A., KEPEL, A. & WITKOWSKI,
Z. (eds.) Gatunki zwierzэt (z wyjэtkiem ptaków). Poradniki ochrony siedlisk i gatunków Natura 2000 –
podrќcznik metodyczny [Species of animals (except
birds). Tutorials protection of Natura 2000 habitats
and species - Methodological manual]. Ministerstwo
ҕrodowiska, Warszawa, T. 6, p. 289-293.
Table 1: Overview of the status of amphibians of the Carpathians
ZAVADIL, V. & MORAVEC, J. (2003). сervený seznam
obojživelníkҦ a plazҦ сeské republiky [Red list of amphibians and reptiles of the Czech Republic]. PҔíroda,
Praha, 22: 83-93.
PL
VLAŠÍN, M. (2003). Reptiles and Amphibians. Pp.: 4850. In: J. WITKOWSKI Z. J., KRÓL W. & SOLARZ W. (eds.),
Carpathian List of Endangered Species. WWF and
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Vienna-Krakow.
VÖRÖS, J. & MAJOR, Á. (2007). Kétéltűpopulációk földrajzi szerkezete a Kárpát-medencében [Geographical
structure of amphibian populations in the Carpathian
Basin]. Pp.: 269-282. In: Forró L. (ed.), A Kárpát-medence állatvilágának kialakulása. Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest.
A4 acde, B2 b (i-v)
RO
RS
PUKY, M., SCHÁD, P. & SZÖVÉNYI, G. (2005). Magyarország herpetológiai atlasza [Herpetological atlas of Hungary]. Varangy Akciócsoport Egyesület, Budapest.
NT
UA
PLESNÍK, J., HANZAL, V. & BREJŠKOVÁ, L. (eds.) (2003).
сervený seznam ohrožených druhҦ сeské republiky. Obratlovci [Red List of Threatened Species in the
Czech Republic Vertebrates]. PҔíroda, Praha 22: 1-184.
VU
TEMPLE, H. J. & COX, N. A. (2009). European Red List
of Amphibians. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
NT
Proposed IUCN
RL category
STARZYK, N. & DURAK, R. (2007). New localities of the
Dalmatian frog Rana dalmatina Bonaparte in south-eastern Poland. Przeglэd Zoologiczny 51: 51–55.
(Carpathians)
Red List
Status - criteria
SHCHERBAK, M. M. (ed.) (1994). ԧԵՀԲԾԽ ԺԽԸԳ ԣԺՀ ԽԸ.
ԢԲՀԸԽԽԸԹ ՁԲiՂ. [Red Data Book of Ukraine. Animal
Kingdom]. ԒԸԴԲԸ ՂԲԾ “ԣԺՀa ԽՁ Ժa eԽ ԸԺԻԾԿԵԴ ”,
KԸ Բ.
VU
Endemic to
Carpathians
SCHÁD, P., PUKY, M. & KISS, I. (1999). A Naplás-tó Természetvédelmi Területen élő kétéltűek vonulási sajátosságai. Természetvédelmi Közlemények 8: 161-172.
NT
HD
Annexes
RAKONCZAY, Z. (ed.) (1989). Vörös Könyv. A Magyarországon kipusztult és veszélyeztetett növény-és állatfajok [Red Book. The extinct and endangered animal
and plant species of Hungary]. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
Appendix
Bern
Convention
and T. v. ampelensis (Urodela, Salamndridae) as Revealed
by Enzime Electrophorezis. Folia Biologica, Kraków
49(3-4): 239-245.
213
DRAFT CARPATHIAN RED LIST
OF THREATENED REPTILES (REPTILIA)
Main threats
Compiled by Peter Urban & Ján Kautman
Contributors and persons involved in processing and compilation of source data: Rastko Ajtic (Serbia), Miklós Heltai (Hungary), Ján Kautman, Peter Urban (Slovakia), Fedir Kurtiak (Ukraine), Horea
Olosutean (Romania), Martin Strnad (Czech Republic), Małgorzata Makomanska-Juchiewicz, Monika
Szewczyk (Poland)
Summary – Results and recommendations
The status of Reptiles was assessed at two regional levels:
- each Carpathian country, and the whole Carpathians.
From 16 Reptile species that occur in the Carpathian region, 7 (43.8%) were considered threatened, of which 1
species (6.3%) (Vipera ursinii) as “Critically Endangered”, 3
(18.8%) (Emys orbicularis, Testudo hermanni and Vipera ammodytes) as “Endangered” and 3 (18.8%) (Ablepharus kitaibelii,
Coronella austriaca and Zamenis longissimus) as “Vulnerable“
(Table 1). A further four reptile species were classed as
“Near Threatened“ and five species as “Least Concern“.
Status of reptile species in Carpathians is less favourable
than at the European regional level, where 19.4% of Reptiles are threatened, with 4.3% “Critically Endangered“,
7.9% “Endangered“, and 7.1% “Vulnerable“ species. Within the EU27 the pattern is similar in the geographical
Europe: 21.1% of Reptiles are threatened, with a similar
break down between the three threatened categories (COX
& TEMPLE 2009).
Methods
The status of all species was assessed using the IUCN Red
List Criteria (IUCN 2001) and all assessments followed
the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria
at Regional Levels (IUCN 2003) and Guidelines for Using
the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2005)
and Rules of Procedure IUCN Red List Assessment Process 2013–2016 (IUCN 2012), too. The authors assessed
the status of species for the whole of the Carpathians
using “categories of threats” in some countries available
from existing country Red Lists and Red Books. As a result, this Carpathian List of Endangered Species comprises species for which the category of threat in the whole
region was estimated to be one of the following: Extinct
(EX); Regionally Extinct (RE); Critically Endangered
(CR); Endangered (EN); or Vulnerable (VU). Additional
criteria were applied when choosing species categories
included whether the species was: Endemic to the Carpathians; Listed in the European Union’s Habitat Directive
214
The conservation of Carpathian Reptiles is regulated by
different laws at international, national and sub-national levels. At the European level, the Habitat Directive
(Council Directive 92/43/EEC) transposed into national
law, is the most important legal tool for their protection.
The outputs from this project can be applied at Carpathian scale to identify priority species for protection and
for some regional research and monitoring programmes.
and Listed in the Bern Convention Appendices.
The IUCN criteria were assigned, using not only the
occurrence and trends of taxa in Carpathian orographic
units (Alpine biogeographic region), but also considering
the situation in adjacent areas and especially in Pannonian
(biogeographic) region. Especially species living only in
lowland areasor species with most predominant occurrence at lower altitudes aredifficult to assess in the evaluation of the Carpathians only. Without considering the
occurrence in adjacent areas theevaluation would be in
many cases unrealistic, illogical if taking out the context
of the actual status of the species.
Remarks on the choice of species
Classification based on the sizes of numbers, trends and
distribution (geographic ranges or the patterns of habitat occupancy) of evaluated taxa is very complicated by
problems of spatial scale. Databases on the red lists of
threatened species are on national level in some cases still
incomplete and inconsistent, because detailed knowledge
about the distribution, abundance and their trends of
most reptile species is not very good. Much information
available is not from the Carpathian area of the country
only. Many Carpathian areas (including protected areas)
need a fundamental inventory in order to draw any solid conclusions about the list of species, their distribution, density and threats. Therefore, the choice of species
(taxa) was quite difficult.
The consideration of the adjacent areas to the Carpathians (mostly lowland regions) was particularly a case for
the species Emys orbicularis and Ablepharus kitaibelii. Their
occurrence is restricted to the Pannonian region.
Assessment and classification of taxa into categories reflects
the assessment of their real status, comparisons of mutual
status of more taxa and their perspective in the near future.
Overview of the state of endangerment, endemic
species in the Carpathians
See Table 1.
The main threats for Reptiles are (like for Amphibians)
habitat loss, deterioration, fragmentation and large-scale
deforestation in general, pollution, harvesting, deliberate
persecution and other human disturbance (destruction of
eggs, e. g. Emys orbicularis) and road mortality.
The most serious negative factors influencing the occurrence of reptiles is use of chemicals (especially insecticides), anthropic pressure leading to the decrease of food
base, succession of xerotherm habitats by (many times)
invasive plant and tree species (e.g. acacia tree) and a low
level of mosaic patterns in the landscape. For this reason
there was a decrease in the population of the most common reptile Lacerta agilis in the past years. Its abundance
decreased at many sites significantly, somewhere even behind the point of observation.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank for their input also to our colleagues Katalin Mázsa, Jozef Májsky and Peter Mikulíтek.
References
COX, N. A. & TEMPLE, H. J. (2009). European Red List
of Reptiles. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
GФOWACIҀSKI, Z. (1993). Czerwona Lista zwierzэt ginэcych i zagroҲonych w Polsce [Red List of extinnct and
endangered animal species]. ZakХad Ochrony Przyrody
i Zasobów naturalnych PAN, Kraków.
GФOWACIҀSKI, Z. (ed.) (2001). Polska czerwona ksiќga
zwierzэt. Krќgowce. [Polish Red Data Book of Animals. Vertebrates]. Paҁstwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze
i LeҖne,Warszawa.
IFTIME, A. (2001). Lista Roоie comentatы a amfibienilor
оi reptilelor din România [Commented Red List of amphibians and reptiles from Romania]. Ocrotirea Naturii
44 – 45: 39-49.
IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
IUCN (2003).Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red
List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission.IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
and Cambridge, UK.
IUCN (2005).Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List
Categories and Criteria.IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and
Cambridge, UK.
IUCN (2012). Rules of Procedure IUCN Red List Assessment Process 2013–2016. Version 2.0.Approved by the
IUCN SSC Steering Committee in September 2012. Download able from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/
Rules_of_Procedure_for_Red_List_2013-2016.pdf
IUCN (2013). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Version 2013.2.<www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded
on 12 March 2014.
KAUTMAN, J., BARTÍK, I. & URBAN, P. (2001). сervený
(ekosozologický) zoznam plazov (Reptilia) Slovenska
[Red (Ecosozological) List of Reptiles (Reptilia) of
Slovakia]. Pp. 148-149. In: BALÁŽ, D., MARHOLD, K. &
URBAN, P. (eds), сervený zoznam rastlín a živoтíchov
Slovenska. Ochranaprírody 20 (Suppl), 160 pp.
MIKÁTOVÁ, B., VLAŠÍN, M. & ZAVADIL, V. (eds) (2001).
Atlas rozšíҔeníplazҦ v сeskérepublice [Atlas of the distribution of Reptiles in the Czech Republic]. AOPK
сR Brno – Praha.
MUSILOVÁ, R., ZAVADIL, V. & KOTLÍK, P. (2006). Follow–up of Recommendation No. 106 (2003) on the
conservation of the Aesculapian snake (Elaphe longissima). Document prepared by: The Government of
the Czech Republic. Convention on the Conservation
of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats Standing
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2006. Available at: https://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.
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MUSILOVÁ, R., ZAVADIL, V., MARKOVÁ, S. & KOTLÍK, P.
(2010). Relics of the Europe´s warm past: Phylogeography of the Aesculapian snake. Molecular Phylogenitic and Evolution: 57(3): 1245-1252.
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[Red Book. The extinct and endangered animal and plant
species of Hungary]. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
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ԢԲՀԸԽԽԸԹՁԲiՂ. [Red Data Book of Ukraine. Animal
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ZAVADIL, V. & MORAVEC, J. (2003). сervený seznam
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Vienna-Krakow, 84 pp.
215
II
II
II, IV
IV
II
IV
II
II
IV
II, IV
II
II
II
IV
IV
II
II
IV
II
IV
II, IV
II
IV
II, IV
IV
II
III
Appendices
Bern
Convention
HD
Annexes
Endemic to
Carpathians
LC
LC
CR
NT
EN
NT
LC
NT
LC
NT
LC
EN
LC
NT
LC
VU
VU
EN
NT
NT
LC
VU
NT
LC
LC
VU
(Carpathians)
IUCN
RL category
Introduction (Background)
LC
CR
VU
EN
EN
LC
VU
LC
CR
NT
NT
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
CR
NT
VU
LC
NT
NT
RE
EN
NT
LC
VU
VU
EN
LC
CR
NT
Elaphe longissima (Laurenti, 1768) [Zamenis longissimus]
VU
Ablepharus kitaibelii Bibron & Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833
NT
LC
LC
LC
VU
VU
Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768
LC
LC
LC
CZ
SK
Taxon
VU
CR
VU
VU
RO
CR
EN
EN
VU
VU
EN
LC
NT
Birds belong to a very popular animal group and have
enjoyed a great attention for a long time. Due to this fact
there is a lot of data on distribution and abundance of
most of bird species, mainly in Central Europe. Longterm monitoring of bird populations enables to estimate their trends on different levels. Red list of threatened
bird species is frequently updated and every fourth year
re-evaluated. The scientific authority for this process on
global level represents BirdLife International. The recent
IUCN Red list of birds comprises more than 10 000 species (BirdLife International 2013). Almost 200 species
worldwide are recently considered as being critically endangered. This number has reached in all-time the highest
value. Almost 400 species are considered as endangered
and 713 species are listed in a category vulnerable.
The last IUCN Red List on European level contains 773
bird species. From this number two of them are considered as extinct, four species critically endangered, 11
species endangered and 21 species vulnerable. The last
comprehensive Red List of European bird species including the population estimates and trends was published
by BirdLife International in 2004.
There were already several evaluations of status of threatened bird species at a Carpathian level. The last Red List
was published in 2003, where 29 bird species in total were
selected Witkowski et al. 2003). Out of them seven species were considered as critically endangered, 11 species
endangered and 11 species vulnerable. However that list
was based on older categories and criteria (IUCN 1995).
Zootoca vivipara (Jacquin, 1787)
Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835)
Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789
Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768)
Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768)
Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768)
Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758
Method of assessment
Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coluber caspius Gmelin, 1789
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758
Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835)
Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789
CR
CR
NT
Elaphe longissima (Laurenti, 1768) [Zamenis longissimus]
Ablepharus kitaibelii Bibron & Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833
Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
VU
LC
LC
LC
VU
VU
VU
Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768
HU
PL
NT
NT
RS
CR
Peter Puchala, Miroslav Demko, Anton Krištín & Goran Sekulic
UA
II
B2 ab (i-v)
EN
N
II, IV
II
II
II, IV
A2,4 acde
A2,4 acde
EN
N
II
N
II
IV
N
II, IV
N
A2,4 acde, C1,2ab
A2,4 acde, B2 ab (i-v)
VU
EN
II
II
IV
II, IV
N
A2,4 ace, C1,2a
A2,4 ace, C1,2a
VU
VU
NT
(Carpathians)
N
Appendices
Bern
Convention
HD
Annexes
Endemic to
Carpathians
Red List
Status - criteria
Proposed IUCN
RL category
UA
RS
RO
PL
HU
CZ
SK
Taxon
Table 1: Overview of the status of reptiles of the Carpathians
216
DRAFT CARPATHIAN RED LIST OF
BIRDS (AVES)
This Red List of endangered bird species of Carpathians
is based on data provided by 7 particular Carpathian
countries. The evaluation on national level was done by
each country itself and data were filled in specially developed database. Basic data contained conservation status,
category, criteria used in evaluation, distribution range within individual countries according to orographic units,
population data (when accessible) and in some cases information about trends.
The assessments were based on national Red Lists from
individual countries. The last Red List of birds of the
Czech Republic was published in 2003 (ŠқASTNÝ & BEJ2003). Polish Red Data Book was published in 2001
(GLOWACIҀSKI 2001). The checklist of endangered bird
species of Slovakia based on older IUCN categories and
criteria (IUCN 1995) was published in 2001 (KRIŠTÍN et
al. 2001). However, actual IUCN categories and criteria
(IUCN 2012) were used in recent Red List of birds in
Slovakia (DEMKO et al. 2013), parallel with preparation of
the Carpathian Red List.
сEK
Assessment methodology
The final assessment of bird species was based on assessed categories provided by individual countries (Table 1).
All species included into database were considered during
assessment process. However, the common approach was
to assess properly each bird species that belongs to one
of the categories VU, EN, CR, RE or EX in at least one
country. The final assessment was done based on data
from all countries, including conservation status, IUCN
criteria used (IUCN 2013), population data, trend data.
One of the important variables for the assessment was
the size of the breeding population. Quite a good data on
population and a number of breeding pairs were available
for some of the bird species, especially for the birds of
prey.
However, it was quite difficult to obtain data on trends.
Data on European level from Pan-European Common
Bird Monitoring Scheme PECBMS (EBCC 2013) were
used for the final assessment. Other important sources of
population trends were the individual countries’ reports
for European Commission according to Article 12 of
Bird Directive (EEA 2014).
One of the difficulties of the assessment was an evaluation of species whose occurrence was in the Carpathians
only marginal, e.g. species whose major part of range is
located in territories adjacent to Carpathians. Those species occur and occasionally breed in Carpathian region but
have quite strong populations in adjacent regions. In such
a case the species were included in the category not applicable (NA). Several waterfowl species that have frequently
only a small breeding population in the Carpathians were
also assessed this way. Species with the category NA were
not included into this Red List.
217
Results (Executive summary)
Altogether 28 bird species were selected for this Red
List of Carpathian species. Five species were evaluated
in category Critically Endangered, 14 species in category
Endangered and 8 species in category Vulnerable. One
bird species was considered as regionally extinct for the
Carpathians (Table 2).
Some of the species included into the Carpathian Red
List are also globally threatened. Two of them Falco cherrug
and Aquilla heliaca were evaluated at global level in higher
categories (BirdLife International 2013).
For further development of the Red List of Carpathian
bird species, a detailed data collection and establishment
of long-term monitoring schemes is very important. It
is very important to develop common schemes within
all Carpathian countries. That would enable better re-e-
valuation of conservation status of endangered species.
Regular assessments on national level are very important
as well.
Main threats
One of the most important threats to the birds in the
Carpathian region is habitat alteration, fragmentation and
destruction. This threat is critical for several species listed
in the Red List. Birds of prey and cavity breeding birds
needing old forests are affected the most; however, birds
of steppe habitats and species related to agricultural land
are affected as well.
Most of the red list bird species belong to the group of
birds of prey, which are negatively affected by decreasing
coverage of old growth forest, important for their breeding. This factor, together with interruptions during bre-
Table 1: List of the bird species with the status of threat in the Carpathians and within individual countries
species
Carpathians
CZ
SK
Milvus milvus
CR (A1c)
CR
Milvus migrans
EN (D, C2a)
CR
Circaetus gallicus
EN (D)
Aquila heliaca
EN (D)
Aquila chrysaetos
VU (D)
UA
HU
EN
EN
NT
NT
EN
VU
NT
LC
NT
EN (D, A2)
NE
CR
EN (D)
EN
VU
Falco cherrug
CR (D, A1c)
CR
CR
Tyto alba
EN (D, A2)
EN
VU
Charadrius morinellus
CR (D, C2ai)
CR
VU
NT
VU
Alectoris graeca
EN (D)
Perdix perdix
VU (A2)
RS
global
VU
LC
Circus pygargus
VU (A2)
RO
LC
Aquila pennata
Tringa totanus
PL
VU
CR
EN
LC
VU
NT
LC
CR
NT
LC
EN
VU
CR
EN
LC
CR
LC
LC
LC
VU
Tetrao urogallus
EN (A)
CR
EN
EN
NT
Tetrao tetrix
EN (A2)
EN
EN
EN
CR
RE
CR
LC
LC
LC
LC
RE
LC
EN
Acknowledgments
LC
We are grateful to all who provided data to database and
participated in process of assessment. Namely we would
like to thank Martin Strnad from the Czech Republic, Tomasz Wilk and RafaХ Bobrek from Poland, Bohdan Hodovanets from Ukraine, Miklós Heltai from Hungary and
Horea Olosutean from Romania.
Coracias garrulus
EN (A2)
CR (D)
Lullula arborea
VU (A2)
EN
NT
Anthus campestris
VU (A2)
CR
VU
Motacilla citreola
EN (D)
CR
EN
LC
LC
Luscinia svecica svecica
EN (D)
EN
EN
CR
LC
LC
Monticola saxatilis
EN (A2)
RE
CR
RE
Phoenicurus phoenicurus
VU (A2)
LC
VU
EN (D)
VU
EN
Tichodroma muraria
VU (A2)
NE
CR
Lanius senator
CR (A2)
RE
RE
Lanius minor
VU (A2)
RE
EN
RE
NE
Pyrrhocorax graculus
CR
LC
VU
NT
CR
VU
LC
EN
VU
LC
LC
EN
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
VU
CR
LC
LC
LC
RE
LC
LC
RE
The Red List of Carpathian bird species is a very important source of information on the current status of
populations of endangered and threatened species. The
list could be an essential guide to conservation efforts focused on individual species. IUCN categories as themselves could be a key to guiding priorities for conservation
measures.
The presented list could be very useful guide for common action within all Carpathian countries for selected
bird species in higher categories. The main threats seem
to be very similar within all countries. That is a reason
for developing of common species conservation focused
strategies on Carpathian level. Such an approach is extremely important.
It is necessary to repeat the assessment of conservation
status within Carpathian region regularly. Regular assessment would provide valuable warning about population
dynamics and environmental changes. It would also help
to monitor conservation actions and their results.
LC
LC
LC
Conservation practices and management
2013 Update. [Cit. 18.09.2013] Available at http://
www.ebcc.info/index.php?ID=509
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY (2014). Deliveries
for progress/implementation report (Article 12, Birds
Directive). [Cit. 29.01.2014] Available at http://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/278/deliveries
GLOWACIҀSKI, Z. (red) (2001). Polska czerwona ksiega
zwierzat - kregowce. Polish Red Data Book of Animals
- Vertebrates. — PWRiL, Warszawa.
IUCN (1995). IUCN Red List categories. Prepared by
IUCN Species Survival Commission. 21 pp.
IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria:
Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and
Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp.
KRIŠTÍN, A., KOCIAN, Ѽ. & RÁC, P. (2001). сervený (ekosozologický) zoznam vtákov (Aves) Slovenska. сervený
zoznam rastlín a živoтíchov Slovenska. – Ochrana prírody Suplement 20: 150б153.
ŠқASTNÝ, K. & BEJсEK, V. (2003). сervený seznam ptákҦ сeské republiky. – PҔíroda 22: 95б129.
WITKOWSKI, Z.J., KRÓL, W. & SOLARZ, W. (eds.) (2003).
Carpathian List of Endangered Species. WWF and
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Vienna-Krakow.
NT
Eremophila alpestris
Phylloscopus trochiloides
NT
eding, is crucial for their population decrease. Changes
in habitats affected strongly also forest gallinacean birds
Tetrao urogallus and Tetrao tetrix. Their populations have decreased rapidly in all Carpathian countries.
Habitat changes connected to changes in agricultural
techniques and abandonment of traditional agricultural
practices are also one of the important factors. They caused rapid decline of some species populations, e.g. as Perdix perdix, Circus pygargus.
One of the very important threats, especially for birds of
prey, is a bird crime. Every year there are several cases of
illegal shooting or intoxication by illegal poisons in certain countries (Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic). Quite
important causes of population decline of those species
are collisions with high voltage electric lines.
LC
LC
References
BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2004). Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status –
Cambridge, UK.
BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2013). IUCN Red List for
birds. [Cit. 10.03.2014] Available at http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species
DEMKO, M., KRIŠTÍN, A. & PUCHALA, P. (2013). Red list
of birds in Slovakia. Tichodroma 25: 69-78.
EBCC (2013). Trends of common birds in Europe,
218
219
Table 2: List of threatened bird species in the Carpathians with IUCN criteria used and their listing in different annexes.
species
IUCN category
IUCN criteria
BD annexes
Bern
Convention
appendices
Bonn
Convention
annexes
Accipitridae
Milvus milvus
CR
A1c
BD1
Bern2
Bonn2
Milvus migrans
EN
D, C2a
BD1
Bern2
Bonn2
Circaetus gallicus
EN
D
BD1
Bern2
Bonn2
Aquila heliaca
EN
D
BD1
Bern2
Bonn1,2
Aquila chrysaetos
VU
D
BD1
Bern2
Bonn2
Aquilla pennata
EN
D, A2
BD1
Bern2
Bonn2
Circus pygargus
EN
D
BD1
Bern2
Bonn2
CR
D, A1c
BD1
Bern2
Bonn1
EN
D, A2
DRAFT CARPATHIAN RED LIST OF
THREATENED MAMMALS (MAMMALIA)
Compiled by Peter Urban & Marcel Uhrin
Contributors and persons involved in processing and compilation of source data: Michal Ambros, Marcel Uhrin, Peter Urban, David Žiak (Slovakia), Angela Banaduc (Romania), Vladan Bjedov
(Serbia), Miklós Heltai (Hungary), Vasyl Pokynchereda (Ukraine), Martin Strnad (Czech Republic),
Małgorzata Makomanska-Juchiewicz, Monika Szewczyk (Poland)
Falconidae
Falco cherrug
Tytonidae
Tyto alba
Summary – Results and Recommendations
Bern2
Charadriidae
Charadrius morinellus
CR
D, C2ai
VU
A2
BD1
Bern2
Bonn2
Bern3
Bonn2
Scolopacidae
Tringa totanus
Phasianidae
Alectoris graeca
EN
D
Perdix perdix
VU
A2
BD2/1 BD3/1
Tetrao urogallus
EN
A2
BD1 BD2/2 BD3/2
Bern3
Tetrao tetrix
EN
A2
BD1 BD2/2
Bern3
EN
A2
BD1
Bern2
Eremophila alpestris
CR
D
Bern2
Lullula arborea
VU
A2
Bern3
Anthus campestris
VU
A2
Motacilla citreola
EN
D
Luscinia svecica svecica
EN
D
Monticola saxatilis
EN
A2
Bern2
Bonn2
Phoenicurus phoenicurus
VU
A2
Bern2
Bonn2
EN
D
Bern2
Bonn2
Bern3
Coraciidae
Coracias garrulus
Bonn2
Alaudidae
Motacillidae
BD1
Bern2
Bern2
The status of mammals was assessed at two regional levels (1) in each Carpathian state and (2) in the whole Carpathians.
From 109 mammal taxa that occur in the Carpathian region, 23 (25.1%) were considered threatened, of which 2
species (2.2%) (Alces alces and Mustela lutreola) are Critically
Endangered, 3 (3.3%) Endangered and 17 (18.5%) Vulnerable (Table 1). One species, aurochs (Bos primigenius) was
Extinct. The last wild individual is reputed to have died
in 1627. The aurochs is the ancestor of domestic cattle
(VUURE 2005). Even 14 taxa were classed as Data Deficient. Status of mammal species in the Carpathians is less
favourable than at European regional level, where 14.2%
of terrestrial mammals are threatened, with 1.5% Critically Endangered, 3.4% Endangered, and 9.3% Vulnerable.
Further 3.4% were classified as Data Deficient. Within
the EU 25, the pattern is similar, with 14.4% of terrestrial
mammals Threatened, although a higher proportion of
species is Critically Endangered (2.4%) (TEMPLE & TERRY
2007).
Muscicapidae
BD1
Bern2
Bonn2
Phylloscopidae
Phylloscopus trochiloides
Tichodromidae
Tichodroma muraria
VU
A2
Bern2
Lanius senator
CR
D
Bern2
Lanius minor
VU
A2
Laniidae
BD1
Bern2
Corvidae
Pyrrhocorax graculus
220
RE
Bern2
Methods
The status of all species was assessed using the IUCN Red
List Criteria (IUCN 2001) and all assessments followed
the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria
at Regional Levels (IUCN 2003) and Guidelines for Using
the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2005)
and Rules of Procedure for IUCN Red List Assessment
Process 2013–2016 (IUCN 2012), too. The authors assessed the status of species for the whole Carpathians using
“categories of threats” in some countries available from
existing country and / or regional red-lists and red-books
(e.g. RAKONCZAY 1989, SHCHERBAK 1994, VOLOŠсUK 1996,
BÁLDI ET AL. 2001, GФOWACIҀSKI 2001, 2002, ŽIAK & URBAN 2001, OKARMA & PERZANOWSKI 2003, PAUNOVIп et al.
2004). As a result, the Carpathian Red List of threatened
Species comprises species classified under the Red List
Categories Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) or Criti-
cally Endangered (CR), or Extinct (EX) and Regionally
Extinct (RE). Additional criteria applied when choosing
species categories included whether the species was: Endemic to the Carpathians; Listed in the European Union’s
Habitat Directive and Listed in the Bern Convention appendices.
The IUCN criteria were assigned depending not only on
the occurrence and trends of taxa in Carpathian orographic areas (Alpine biogeographic region), but also on the
situation in adjacent areas and especially in Pannonic area
(biogeographical region). It is especially difficult to assess
the species living in lowland areas only or species with
most predominant occurrence at lower altitudes.
Notes on taxonomy
Myotis blythii oxygnathus is considered as Myotis blythii.
Remarks on the choice of species
Classification based on the numbers, trend and distribution size (geographic ranges or the patterns of habitat
occupancy) of taxa evaluated is very complicated due to
the problems of spatial scale. The red list databases of
threatened species on national level are in some cases still
incomplete and inconsistent.
Overview of the state of endangerment, endemic
species in the Carpathians
See Table 1, 2.
The conservation of Carpathian mammals is regulated by
different laws at international and national level. At the
European level, the Habitats Directive (Council Directive
92/43/EEC) is the most important legal tool for their
protection and was transposed into national law.
Main threats
The main threat to mammals is habitat loss, deterioration, habitat fragmentation and deforestation, and forest
destruction in general. The second group of threats in-
221
cludes intensive hunting and illegal killing, poaching, poisoning and irrational pest control.
Bats are affected by disturbance of colonies in the roosts,
unauthorised visiting and disturbing colonies in lofts and
subterranean spaces, natural succession in roosts after
mining. Situation in blocks of flats, where important populations of some species roost (e.g. N. noctula), could be
considered a special problem.
For some alpine species, an increasing number of tourists
and sport activities (e. g. hiking, skiing, rock-climbing, ski
alpinism, paragliding) is a threat.
IUCN (2003). Guidelines for Application of IUCN
Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 3.1. IUCN
Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
IUCN (2005). Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List
Categories and Criteria. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and
Cambridge, UK.
ANDѝRA, M. & HANZAL, V. (1996). Atlas of the mammals of the Czech Republic. A Provisional Version.
II. Carnivores (Carnivora). Národní muzeum, Praha:
1–85
IUCN (2012). Rules of Procedure IUCN Red List Assessment Process 2013–2016. Version 2.0.Approved by
the IUCN SSC Steering Committee in September 2012.
Downloadable from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/Rules_of_Procedure_for_Red_List_20132016.pdf
ANDѝRA, M. & сERVENÝ, J. (2003). сervený seznam savcҦ сeské republiky [The Red List of mammals of the
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BASHTA, A.-T. & POTISH, L. (2007). Ssavci Zakarpatskoj oblasti. [Mammals of the Transcarpathian region
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JAKIMIUK, S. & KRYT, N. (eds) (2012). Ochrona gatunkowa rysia, wilka i niedҰwiedzia w Polsce [Protection
of lynx, greywolf and brownbear in Poland]. WWF
Polska, Warszawa, 256 pp.
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223
224
Table 1: Overview of the status of mammals of the Carpathians
Taxon
SK
CZ
HU
PL
RO
RS
UA
IUCN
RL category
Red List
Status
(Carpathians)
criteria
Appendices
CR
D1
III
Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)
CR
CR
Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771)
NE
LC
NT
LC
Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834)
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
Apodemus uralensis (Pallas, 1811)
LC
NE
Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
Arvicola scherman (Shaw, 1801)
DD
Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774)
NT
* Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
EN
Endemic to
Carpathians
HD
Annexes
Bern
Convention
LC
LC
NT
LC
DD
LC
Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827
EX
Canis aureus (Linnaeus, 1758)
NE
NE
* Canis lupus (Linnaeus, 1758)
NT
CR
NT
DD
VU
VU
RE
DD
VU
NT
CR
EN
EX
VU
NT
D1
II, IV
II
II, IV
III
EX
VU
NT
NE
VU
VU
V
A2 cd
II, IV*, V**
II
* except the Polish and Slovak populations, ** Polish and Slovak populations
Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
NE
LC
Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820
Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758
NE
NE
LC
LC
VU
III
NE
●
LC
●
LC
LC
II, IV*, V**
III
* except the Polish populations, ** Polish populations
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758
NE
Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838
LC
VU
LC
Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780)
LC
LC
Cricetus cricetus (Linnaeus, 1758)
VU
LC
Crocidura leucodon (Hermann, 1780)
LC
LC
LC
NE
III
LC
III
LC
DD
IV*, V**
II
* except the Hungarian populations, ** Hungarian populations
LC
NT
LC
III
III
Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1811)
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758)
NE
LC
LC
NE
NE
Dryomys nitedula (Pallas, 1778)
LC
LC
NT
Eliomys quercinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
DD
Eptesicus nilssonii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) NT
LC
Taxon
CZ
Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774)
SK
LC
LC
Erinaceus roumanicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900 LC
LC
HU
NT
VU
CR
VU
NT
EN
PL
RO
LC
VU
NE
VU
LC
DD
DD
NA
EN
NT
RS
UA
IUCN
RL category
Red List
Status
(Carpathians)
criteria
NT
NT
NT
Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758
DD
LC
Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775
DD
DD
Glis glis (Linnaeus, 1766)
LC
LC
Hypsugo savii (Bonaparte, 1837)
DD
Chionomys nivalis (Martins, 1842)
LC
Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778
LC
NT
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)
VU
VU
NT
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)
EN
CR
VU
* Marmota marmota latirostris
VU
IV
III
Endemic to
Carpathians
IV
II
HD
Annexes
Bern
Convention
Appendices
LC
IV
EN
VU
LC
NT
NT
LC
NE
LC
NT
NT
LC
NT
NE
NT
III
DD
NT
LC
II
LC
LC
NT
III
IV
II
III
IV
LC
II
III
LC
VU
VU
VU
VU
A1 abcd
II, IV
II
VU
VU
NT
EN
A2 acd
II, IV, V
III
VU
A3c, B2a
II, IV
III
VU
Y
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777)
LC
Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
Micromys minutus (Pallas, 1771)
LC
DD
LC
LC
NT
LC
NT
LC
NE
III
V
LC
III
III
LC
Microtus agrestis (Linnaeus, 1761)
LC
LC
Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778)
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
Microtus subterraneus
LC
LC
LC
LC
(de Selys-Longchamps, 1836)
Microtus tatricus (Kratochvil, 1952)
LC
Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817)
EN
Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758
LC
Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882
LC
Muscardinus avellanarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758
LC
LC
NT
DD
LC
Mustela eversmanii eversmanii Lesson, 1827
DD
Mustela eversmanii Lesson, 1827
DD
* Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761)
RE
NT
LC
DD
NA
NT
LC
NT
NT
NT
NT
II, IV
II
RE
NT
II, IV
II
IV
III
NE
LC
NT
LC
NT
LC
NT
LC
III
DD
NT
DD
CR
CR
II, IV
A1 abcde, B 1, D 1
II
II
225
226
Taxon
Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766
SK
CZ
LC
LC
Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758
DD
DD
Mustela vison Schreber, 1777
DD
HU
PL
RO
LC
RS
UA
NT
IUCN
RL category
Red List
Status
(Carpathians)
criteria
Endemic to
Carpathians
HD
Annexes
Appendices
LC
NT
Bern
Convention
III
DD
V
III
DD
Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782)
NA
LC
LC
DD
Myotis alcathoe Helversen & Heller, 2001
DD
DD
DD
NA
DD
DD
Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817)
NT
DD
NT
Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857)
NT
CR
LC
NT
NA
II
VU
NE
VU
NT
II, IV
II
NT
NT
VU
NT
II, IV
II
Myotis brandtii (Eversmann, 1845)
NT
LC
LC
EN
NE
NT
NT
Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837)
NA
NA
NA
NA
VU
NT
NA
VU
Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825)
NT
CR
NT
NT
EN
DD
VU
NT
II, IV
II
Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817)
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
NT
LC
IV
II
Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy, 1806)
NT
LC
NT
VU
NE
VU
NT
II, IV
II
Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797)
LC
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
II, IV
II
NT
A3 c, D2
IV
II
II, IV
II
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817)
LC
LC
LC
VU
NT
NT
LC
IV
II
Myotis nattereri (Kuhl, 1817)
NT
LC
LC
VU
NE
VU
LC
IV
II
Neomys anomalus Cabrera, 1907
LC
LC
LC
NT
NT
NT
NT
Neomys fodiens (Pennant, 1771)
VU
LC
LC
NT
NT
Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber, 1780)
DD
CR
NT
Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817)
NT
DD
LC
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774)
LC
LC
Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834)
NA
LC
Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)
NE
LC
Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
DD
NE
LC
NT
NA
DD
DD
IV
II
NE
VU
NT
IV
II
LC
NT
NT
LC
IV
II
LC
DD
LC
LC
DD
EN
NA
LC
DD
Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758
NA
NT
Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817)
DD
LC
VU
NE
Pipistrellus nathusii
DD
DD
LC
VU
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774)
LC
LC
LC
Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach, 1825)
LC
LC
LC
Taxon
SK
CZ
HU
NA
III
LC
IV
II
NE
NT
DD
IV
II
NT
NT
LC
IV
III
NT
LC
IV
II
UA
IUCN
RL category
Red List
Status
HD
Annexes
Bern
Convention
(Carpathians)
criteria
(Keyserling & Blasius, 1839)
PL
RO
RS
Endemic to
Carpathians
Appendices
Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LC
LC
LC
NT
DD
VU
LC
IV
II
Plecotus austriacus (Fischer, 1829)
LC
LC
LC
VU
NT
NT
LC
IV
II
Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758)
NE
LC
LC
Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)
LC
LC
Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758)
DD
Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866
NA
NA
NA
NA
VU
NT
NA
VU
A3 c, B1 a, D2
II, IV
II
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853
EN
NA
NT
NA
VU
NT
NA
VU
A3 c, B1 a
II, IV
II
LC
LC
NT
VU
VU
A3 c, B1 a
II, IV
II
NE
NE
LC
NT
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) VU
NE
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800)
LC
VU
LC
VU
NT
NT
VU
A3 c, B1 a
II, IV
II
Rhinolophus mehelyi Matschie, 1901
NA
NA
NA
NA
NE
NA
VU
A3 c, D2
II, IV
II
Rupicapra rupicapra carpatica (Couturier, 1938)
VU
Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925
Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra
VU
NE
VU
A2 ade
VU
A1, C1
Y
V
III
II, IV
III
NE
III
(Linnaeus, 1758)
* Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica Blahout, 1972
EN
EN
Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788
EN
LC
A2 abcde, B 2b (i-iv)
Y
II, IV
III
NE
Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758
LC
Sicista betulina (Pallas, 1779)
LC
Sicista subtilis (Pallas, 1773)
DD
Sorex alpinus Schinz, 1837
VU
VU
Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
III
LC
LC
NT
LC
III
CR
VU
Sorex minutus Linnaeus, 1766
LC
NT
VU
DD
LC
LC
VU
DD
NT
VU
Spermophilus citellus (Linnaeus, 1766)
VU
Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
NE
LC
Talpa europaea Linnaeus, 1758
LC
LC
LC
VU
II, IV
A1 c
II
II
III
D2
VU
A3 c, B1 a
II, IV
II
A2 cd
II, IV
II
IV
II
II, IV
II
LC
NE
NT
LC
VU
CR
VU
NT
VU
VU
VU
VU
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758
DD
DD
LC
LC
VU
NT
NT
DD
VU
IV
VU
* Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758
Vormela peregusna (Guldenstaedt, 1770)
III
A1 acd
DD
NT
Spalax graecus Nehring, 1898
VU
VU
A2 c
II
227
Results (Summary)
DRAFT LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION
Compiled by Ema Gojdi ová (ed.)
Data and assessment process contributors: Tomáš Görner (Czech Republic), Zoltán Botta-Dukát,
Miklós Heltai, Zoltán Fehér, Mihály Márton, László Patkó (Hungary), Hanna Kuciel, Wojciech Solarz,
Monika Szewczyk (Poland), Erika Schneider, Horea Olosutean, Angela Banaduc, Amalia Dumbravã
(Romania), Predrag Lazarević, Dejan Bakovi , Aleksandra Zatezalo, Saša Brankovi (Serbia), Ema
Gojdi ová, Anton Krištín, Ján Kautman, Ľubomíra Vavrová, Peter Urban, Peter Zach, Ján Kulfan
(Slovakia), Mykola Voloshchuk, Alla Kozurak, Fedir Kurtiak, Vasil Chumak (Ukraine)
Introduction
Many of alien plant and animal species are beneficial
for humans. However, a significant number of them can
become invasive and have serious and growing adverse
impacts on biodiversity and related ecosystem services,
human health and economy. The threat to biodiversity
and ecosystem services that invasive alien species bring
can have different forms, such as impact on native species
ecosystem structure and function (alteration of habitats,
competition, predation, replacement of native species).
Globalisation processes have created new pathways for
the introduction of non-native species to Europe including the Carpathian region. Complete lists of alien flora
and fauna or in particular lists of invasive alien species are
a helpful tool to address biological invasions on national
or regional level. Therefore, in the last decades detailed
catalogues of alien flora or fauna or various lists of invasive alien species causing impacts on biodiversity, economic activities and human health have been produced from
local/national to global level. When focusing on Europe,
several European institutions, initiatives or projects have
produced lists of invasive alien species: EPPO, EEA/
SEBI 2010, DAISIE, NOBANIS. The most comprehensive list is the “metalist” of invasive alien species in Europe (GENOVESI & SCALERA 2007) comprising more than
500 species. The proposed EU regulation on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of
invasive alien species will create a new challenge to tackle
invasive alien species issue on three levels: EU, regional
(e.g. biogeographical regions), national (member states)
fostering cooperation and coordination.
Assessment method
Countries in the Carpathian region have already published
or are developing overviews of alien flora and fauna with
focus on invasive alien species, however, available data
228
differ from country to country (see the references).
Based on available data and within limited time and resources available in the project there was no ambition to
provide complete list of alien species in the Carpathians
with the information on their status. Challenging task was
to prepare the list of invasive alien species already causing
problems in this region.
For the purpose of compiling the Carpathian List of
Invasive Alien Species the guideline was prepared and
following sources were used: flora and fauna databases,
published catalogues or lists of alien species/invasive alien species, including papers on some systematic groups
and in some cases unpublished data of experts involved.
Collected data were fed into the project on-line form supported by maps.
Species were classified according to their status in one of
the following categories: casual alien species (cas), naturalized alien species (nat), invasive alien species (inv). In
case that a plant or animal species has not been found in
the country (its Carpathian region) yet (so attention to the
occurrence in a country has been given to this particular
species), category not found (notfd) was used. Category
not known (notkn) was used when no information about
the particular species was available. In special cases a species native (ntv) to one of the project countries but alien
to the others was possible to list also.
Species identified as invasive in one of the Carpathian
countries were assessed as candidates for the Carpathian
List only. The expert team evaluated candidate species
using criteria agreed in the guidelines: number of countries/orographical units and area occupied by the species, as well as impacts on biodiversity (human health/
economy - optional), in some cases invasive potential
of the species was taken into account. Experience and
knowledge of experts involved played very important role
in the evaluation process, too.
Taxonomic groups assessed for the Carpathian List of
Invasive Alien Species followed the scope of the Carpathian Red List species assessment. However, invasive alien
species were not identified in some of selected taxonomic
groups, e.g. spiders (Araneae), dragonflies and damselflies
(Odonata), birds (Aves).
The final list presented in the table No 1. covers Vascular
plants, Vertebrates and some of the selected groups of
Invertebrates. The list comprises 77 species, 37 are plant
species and 40 animal species. From plant species, 32 are
herbs and 5 woody plants. Majority of animal species are
Invertebrates, 14 arthropods and 11 molluscs are listed.
The most numerous group of Vertebrates are fishes, 10
species are on the list.
Comparing the final list to the known European lists
of invasive alien species, 20 plant and 20 animal species
are included at least in one of the following lists: EPPO,
EEA/SEBI, DAISIE, NOBANIS. Detailed information
on listed species across the Carpathian region is available
in the project on-line platform.
Main threats
In the Carpathian region majority of listed invasive plant
species occupies man-made habitats such as road and
railway sides, waste dumps, abandoned arable land, urban
areas, forestry plantations. The most infested natural and
semi-natural habitats are various types of wetlands (various water bodies and their banks, marshes, floodplain
forests) and grasslands. Forest habitats in general resist
invasive alien species, however, natural disturbances (fire,
wind), as well as human activities open the space for invasive plant species. Invasive animal species first of all
represent serious threat to the Carpathian native species,
e.g. fish, amphibians in general are the most threatened
groups, water birds nesting in wetlands, or European
mink and otter are also threatened by American mink.
New challenges
Proposed list of invasive species gives the first picture of
the status of some alien species in the Carpathian region.
It brings inspiration (and need) not only for completing
the missing data for some of listed species but also for
future projects and studies on alien species in the region:
inventory of alien flora and fauna, detailed distribution
(trends) and adverse impacts of already listed invasive
species, detection of new alien species. As invasive species do not respect borders, the list opens space for cooperation and effective coordinated management of invasive
species.
Abbreviations:
DAISIE – Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories
for Europe
EEA – European Environment Agency
EPPO – European Plant Protection Organisation
SEBI (SEBI 2010) – Streamlining European Biodiversity
Indicators
NOBANIS – European Network on Invasive Species
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ԝԐ
ԒԘԥԞԠ, ԑ. ԇ., ԟԠԞԦԬ, ԑ. ԓ. (2014). ԔԘԝԐԜԇԚԐ ԟԞԨԘԠԕԝԝԯ
ԒԘԡԞԚԞԇԝԒԐԗԘԒԝԘԥ
ԒԘԔԇԒ
ԠԞԡԛԘԝ
ԗԐԚԐԠԟԐԢԢԯ
ԢԐ ԞԦԇԝԚԐ Ԉԥ ԒԟԛԘԒԣ ԝԐ ԤԇԢԞԠԇԗԝԞԜԐԝԇԢԢԯ. //
ԠԕԓԇԞԝԐԛԬԝԇ ԐԡԟԕԚԢԘ ԤԛԞԠԘԡԢԘԧԝԘԥ ԇ ԤԐԣԝԇԡԢԘԧԝԘԥ
ԔԞԡԛԇԔԖԕԝԬ:
ԜԐԢԕԠԇԐԛԘ
ԟԕԠԨԞԈ ԜԇԖԝԐԠԞԔԝԞԈ
ԝԐԣԚԞԒԞ-ԟԠԐԚԢԘԧԝԞԈ ԚԞԝԤԕԠԕԝԦԇԈ (10-12 ԚԒԇԢԝԯ 2014
Ԡ., Ԝ. ԥԞԢԘԝ). ԧԕԠԝԇԒԦԇ: ԔԠԣԚ ԐԠԚ, C. 13-17.
ԒԘԥԞԠ, ԑ. I., ԟԠԞԦԬ, ԑ. ԓ. (2012). ԑԞԠԩԇԒԝԘԚ
ԡԞԡԝԞԒԡԬԚԞԓԞ (HERACLEUM SOSNOWSKYI MANDEN.)
ԗԐԚԐԠԟԐԢԢԇ: ԕԚԞԛԞԓԇԯ, ԟԞԨԘԠԕԝԝԯ ԢԐ
// ԑԇԞԛ. ԡԢԣԔԇԈ. №3. C. 185-196.
ԒԟԛԘԒ ԝԐ
ԔԞԒԚԇԛԛԯ
ԒԘԥԞԠ, ԑ. ԇ., ԟԠԞԦԬ, ԑ. ԓ. (2013). Ԛԛԕԝ ԯԡԕԝԞԛԘԡԢԘԙ
(ACER NEGUNDO L.) ԝԐ ԗԐԚԐԠԢԐԢԢԇ: ԕԚԞԛԞԓԇԯ,
ԟԞԨԘԠԕԝԝԯ ԢԐ ԒԟԛԘԒ ԝԐ ԔԞԒԚԇԛԛԯ // ԑԇԞԛ. ԡԢԣԔԇԈ.
№2. C. 13-22.
ԚԞԗԣԠԐԚ, Ԑ. Ԓ., ԐԝԢԞԡԯԚ, Ԣ. Ԝ., ԒԞԛԞԩԣԚ, Ԝ. ԇ.
(2014). ԐԝԐԛԇԗ ԡԘԝԐԝԢԠԞԟԝԞԈ ԤԛԞԠԘ ԚԐԠԟԐԢԡԬԚԞԓԞ
ԑԇԞԡԤԕԠԝԞԓԞ ԗԐԟԞԒԇԔԝԘԚԐ. // ԠԕԓԇԞԝԐԛԬԝԇ ԐԡԟԕԚԢԘ
ԤԛԞԠԘԡԢԘԧԝԘԥ
ԇ
ԤԐԣԝԇԡԢԘԧԝԘԥ
ԔԞԡԛԇԔԖԕԝԬ:
ԜԐԢԕԠԇԐԛԘ
ԟԕԠԨԞԈ ԜԇԖԝԐԠԞԔԝԞԈ ԝԐԣԚԞԒԞԟԠԐԚԢԘԧԝԞԈ ԚԞԝԤԕԠԕԝԦԇԈ (10-12 ԚԒԇԢԝԯ 2014 Ԡ., Ԝ.
ԥԞԢԘԝ). ԧԕԠԝԇԒԦԇ: ԔԠԣԚ ԐԠԚ. C. 41-44.
ԚԣԠԢԯԚ, Ԥ. Ԥ. (2010). ԇ Ղ Ծ Խ ԗԺՀԿՂՂ :
ՀՀԸՂԵՂԽ ԺՂԵԳԾՀ Ղ ԿՀԸԽ ԸԿԸ Ծ ԾՀԾԽԸ //
ԜՂԵՀ ԻԸ
Ԝ ԶԽՀԾԴԽԾ
Խ ԺԾԲԾ-ԿՀԺՂԸ ԽԾ
ԺԾԽ ԵՀԵԽ
ԡՂԻԸԹ ՀԾԷԲԸՂԾԺ ԚՀԿՂ Ղ Խ Ը
Գ ՀՁ ԺԸ ՀԵԳ ԾԽ Բ ЄԲՀԾԿԸ (ԣԶԳԾՀԾԴ, 8 10 ԲԵՀԵՁԽ
2010 ՀԾԺ ) – ԣԶԳԾՀԾԴ: TIMPANI. c. 303-308.
ԚԣԠԢԯԚ, Ԥ. Ԥ., ԢԐԛԐԑԇԨԚԞ, Є. Ԝ., ԡԢԕԓԣԝ, Ԓ. ԇ.
& ԒԕԛԘԚԞԟԞԛԬԡԬԚԘԙ, ԇ. ԙ. (2009). ԇ Ղ Ծ¬ Խ
ԱՁԵԹԽ Հ ԺԸ ԛՂԾՀԸ Բ ԼԵԶ ԣԺՀ ԽԸ // Ԓ ՁԽԸԺ
ԛ Բ ԲՁ ԺԾԳԾ Խ ԲԵՀՁԸՂԵՂ . ԡԵՀ Ա ԾԻԾԳ Խ. ԒԸԿ ՁԺ
50: 85-94.
mys scripta elegans (Wied 1839) (Reptilia; Testudines), as
invasion threat in Transcarpathia (Ukraine) // Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhgorod University. Series Biology.
Issue 34.
ԟՀԾ , ԑ. ԓ. (1998). ԝԾԲ Լ Ձ ԵԷԽ ԾԴԶԵԽԽ
ՂԵԽԴԵԽ ԿԾ ԸՀԵԽԽ Ambrosia artemisifolia L. Խ
ԗԺՀԿՂՂ // ԟՀ. Խ Ժ. Ղ-Բ ԼԵԽ ԨԵԲ ԵԽԺ. № 2.
c. 512-516.
ԟՀԾՂԾԿԾԿԾԲ, Ԓ. Ԓ., ԜԾՁ Ժ Խ, ԡ. ԛ., ԨԵԲԵՀ, Ԝ.
Ԓ. (2003). ԒԿԻԸԲ ԴԲԵԽՂԸԲԽԸ ԲԸԴ Բ ՀԾՁԻԸԽ Խ
ՂԾԱ ԾՂ ԣԺՀ ԽԸ // Ԟ ԽԺ ԽԿՀ ԼԺԸ ԷԼԵԽ ԵԽԽ
ԷԳՀԾԷ Ա ԾՀ ԷԽԾԼԽ ՂՂ ԣԺՀ ԽԸ.- Ԛ.: ԥ ԼԴԶԵՁՂ. 400
c.
ԟԠԞԢԞԟԞԟԞԒԐ, Ԓ. Ԓ. (1991). ԡԸԽԽՂՀԾԿԽ
ԣԺՀԸԽ Ը Կ ՂԸ ԵԵ ՀԷԲԸՂԸ ,
ԻԾՀ
ԡԸ Ժ, ԝ. Ԝ. (2012). ԝԾԲ ԻԾԺԻ ՂԵՂԸԴԵ ԺԸ
ԴԲԵԽՂԸԲԽԸ ԲԸԴ Բ ՀԾՁԻԸԽ
ԇԲԽԾ-ԤՀԽԺ ԲՁ Ժ Թ
ԾԱԻՁՂ : Խ ԺԾԲ ԾՁԽԾԲԸ ԷԱԵՀԵԶԵԽԽ Ա ԾՂԸ ԽԾ
Հ ԷԽԾԼԽ ՂԽԾՁՂ , ՂԾԼ 3 (10), № 1, Հ. c.111-122.
ԢԐԢԐԠԘԝԞԒ, Ԛ. Ԑ. (1973). Ԥ Խ ՀԵԱԵՂԽԸ Է ԾԴ
ԣԺՀ ԽԸ. ԛ Բ Բ: ԒԸ ԺԾԻ, 257 c.
KURTYAK, F. F. & KURTYAK, M. F. (2013). Turtle, Trache-
Table 1: Carpathian List of Invasive Alien Species
232
Taxon
Kingdom
SK
CZ
HU
PL
RO
RS
UA
Carpathians
Acer negundo
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Ailanthus altissima
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
cas
inv
inv
Amaranthus retroflexus
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
nat
nat
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
cas
inv
inv
inv
inv
Helianthus tuberosus
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
nat
inv
Amorpha fruticosa
Plantae
nat
nat
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
Heracleum mantegazzianum
Plantae
inv
inv
nat
inv
notfd
notfd
notfd
inv
Apera spica-venti
Plantae
inv
nat
inv
nat
inv??
ntv
Asclepias syriaca
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
cas
nat
inv
Aster novi-belgii
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
cas
notfd
Aster lanceolatus
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
cas
inv
Taxon
Kingdom
SK
CZ
HU
PL
RO
RS
UA
Carpathians
inv
Fallopia sachalinensis
Plantae
inv
inv
notfd
inv
notfd
notfd
inv
inv
inv
Galinsoga parviflora
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Galinsoga quadriradiata
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
nat
notfd
inv
inv
inv
Heracleum sosnowskyi
Plantae
notfd
notfd
inv
inv
notfd
notfd
inv
inv
notfd
inv
Impatiens glandulifera
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
Impatiens parviflora
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Juncus tenuis
Plantae
inv
nat
inv
inv
inv
nat
inv
inv
inv
Bidens frondosa
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Lycium barbarum
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
cas
inv
notfd
Cardaria draba
Plantae
inv
nat
ntv
nat
inv
ntv
cas
inv
Matricaria discoidea
Plantae
inv
nat
inv
inv
inv
notfd
inv
Conyza canadensis
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Parthenocissus inserta
Plantae
nat
inv
inv
inv
inv
notfd
notfd
inv
Cuscuta campestris
Plantae
nat
inv
inv
notfd
inv
notfd
inv
inv
Phytolacca americana
Plantae
nat
cas
inv
notfd
inv
inv
nat
inv
Echinochloa crus-galli
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Robinia pseudoacacia
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Echinocystis lobata
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
notfd
cas
inv
Solidago canadensis
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
notfd
nat
inv
Elodea canadensis
Plantae
nat
nat
notfd
inv
inv
inv
inv
Solidago gigantea
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
nat
inv
Epilobium ciliatum
Plantae
inv
inv
inv???
inv
inv
notfd
notfd
inv
Veronica persica
Plantae
nat
nat
inv
inv
inv
nat
inv
inv
inv
Erigeron annuus
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Mollusca
Fallopia japonica
Plantae
inv
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Arion vulgaris
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
inv
notfd
inv
Fallopia x bohemica
Plantae
inv
inv
inv
notkn
notfd
notfd
notfd
inv
Corbicula fluminea
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
notfd
inv
inv
233
Taxon
Kingdom
SK
CZ
HU
PL
RO
RS
UA
Carpathians
Dreissena polymorpha
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
notfd
Dreissena rostriformis bugensis
Animalia
inv
notfd
inv
notfd
inv
notfd
inv
Ferrissia clessiniana
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
notfd
notfd
inv
Helix aspersa
Animalia
notkn
inv
notkn
notfd
inv
Lucilla scintilla
Animalia
inv
notfd
notfd
notfd
notfd
inv
Lucilla singleyana
Animalia
inv
notfd
inv
inv
notfd
inv
Physella acuta
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
nat
inv
inv
inv
Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
nat
inv
inv
inv
Sinanodonta woodiana
Animalia
inv
cas
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Arthropoda
Orconectes limosus
Acanthoscelides obtectus
Animalia
inv
cas
inv
inv
inv
inv
Cameraria ohridella
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
cas
inv
cas
inv
Cydalima perspectalis
Animalia
inv
inv
notfd
notfd
Diabrotica virgifera
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Harmonia axyridis
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Hyphantria cunea
Animalia
nat
inv
notkn
cas
inv
inv
nat
inv
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Animalia
nat
inv
inv
nat
inv
inv
Leptoglossus occidentalis
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
nat
inv
inv
Meconema meridionale
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
notfd
Parectopa robiniella
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
cas
notfd
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
Phyllonorycter issikii
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
notfd
inv
Phyllonorycter robiniella
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
nat
inv
inv
inv
Stictocephala bisonia
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
inv
Animalia
inv
notkn
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
Ameiurus nebulosus
Animalia
nat
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Carassius gibelio
Animalia
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Lepomis gibbosus
Animalia
inv
nat
nat
notfd
inv
inv
inv
Neogobius fluviatilis
Animalia
inv
notfd
notfd
notfd
inv
Neogobius gymnotrachelus
Animalia
inv
notfd
notfd
ntv
inv
inv
Neogobius kessleri
Animalia
inv
notfd
notfd
notfd
inv
inv
Neogobius melanostomus
Animalia
inv
Proterorhinus marmoratus
Animalia
Pseudorasbora parva
Animalia
Animalia
Chordata
Osteichthyes
Ameiurus melas
inv
inv
notfd
notfd
inv
notkn
inv
notfd
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
cas
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
cas/inv?
inv
inv
inv
inv
inv
Reptilia
Trachemys scripta
Mammalia
234
Mustela vison
Animalia
inv
inv
notkn
inv
nat
inv
Nyctereutes procyonoides
Animalia
nat
inv
cas
inv
inv
inv
Ondatra zibethicus
Animalia
nat/inv?
inv
nat
inv
inv
inv
Rattus norvegicus
Animalia
nat/inv?
nat
nat
inv
nat
inv
This publication was elaborated within BioREGIO Carpathians project supported by South East Europe Programme
and was financed by a Swiss-Slovak project supported by the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union
and Carpathian Wetlands Initiative.
Program švajčiarsko-slovenskej spolupráce
Swiss-Slovak Cooperation Programme
Slovenská
republika
ISBN 978-80-89310-81-4
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