HIST 3117.1 – The Early Roman Empire: Society, Politics, and Religion

HIST 3117.1 – The Early Roman Empire: Society, Politics, and Religion Instructor: Nikolaus Leo Overtoom ([email protected]) Office: 313 Himes Office Hours: Tuesday/Thursday 10:30am-12:00pm (Or by special appointment) Undergraduate European Seminar (Tuesday/Thursday: 12:00-1:20pm), 132 Lockett Spring 2015 Course Description: This course offers a thorough introduction to the early Roman Empire (ca. 30 BCE-284 CE), drawing on both source materials and modern works. This is a student-driven seminar based on readings, presentations, and in-class discussions on the societal, religious, and political developments of the Roman Principate. This was the “Golden Age” of Roman rule and what one historian considered the best time to live in human history. This course focuses on imperial Rome but also discusses important topics like provincial administration, commerce and agriculture, the Roman army, early Christianity, and law and order in the Roman world. Students will investigate the monumental impact that the early Roman Empire had on the development of Western Civilization. Having some background courses in ancient history would naturally be helpful but is not required. This will be a seminar course driven by student participation. It will focus on modern studies but also will feature a wide array of literary and archaeological source material. Students will investigate historiographical arguments, lead class discussions, and prepare presentations. This course requires weekly preparation and active participation. There are no exams; however, each student will have to prepare and write three college research papers. This course offers students the opportunity to learn how to analyze source material, weigh historiographical arguments, and write more professionally. These are skills that will be useful in senior level courses, graduate school, and in scores of careers that necessitate writing, research, and the ability to manage individual projects. Required Texts: (can buy on Amazon, just make sure it is the right edition and arrives in time) Colin Wells, The Roman Empire, 2nd edition, Harvard University Press, ISBN 067477770 Naphtali Lewis & Meyer Reinhold, ed., Roman Civilization Volume II: The Empire, 3rd edition, Columbia, ISBN 0231071337 Karl Galinsky, The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521003938 Janet Huskinson, Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power, Routledge, ISBN 0415212847 Walter Scheidel, The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521726883 Christopher Fuhrmann, Policing the Roman Empire, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199360014 Yann Le Bohec, Imperial Roman Army, Routledge, ISBN 0415222958 Gillian Clark, Christianity and Roman Society, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521633869 Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Robert Graves, trans; revised by Michael Grant, Penguin Classics, ISBN 0140455167 Course Requirements: Readings, Attendance, and Participation: Each student is required to do all assigned readings and to attend and participate fully in seminar discussion. All students are expected to attend all classes and to participate in the course. Students are expected to complete assigned readings prior to the class and to formulate any questions as a result. This will enable active participation and meaningful contributions to class discussions. Late arrivals and early departures from classes will be taken into consideration while assessing the participation grade. 20% of total grade. *** At the beginning of the semester, the class will be divided into three groups. Each group will agree upon an appropriate and relevant name. Weekly assigned readings will be arranged into specific groups. Each week usually there will be general and group readings. General readings are for ALL students. Normally, these will range from 80-100 pages. Moreover, group readings will be an additional set of readings assigned to each group (groups A, B, and C). Generally, these will range from 50-100 pages. Each group will be assigned their weekly readings by allotment. The readings for each group will address either supplementary material on the primary focus of the week or opposing historiographical traditions. This should stimulate further debate and reveal possible research topics. (NOTE: Reading quizzes WILL BE IMPLEMENTED as part of the participation grade in the event of poor participation! Please do not make me do this.) *** Class Discussion Leaders: Although there will be an element of instruction, students will drive the discussion in this course. Five times during the semester each student will be appointed as a “leader” of their group and will be responsible for leading part of a class discussion. As a discussion leader, each student will take diligent notes on the readings for that particular class, draw up a set of questions on the material, and use these questions to help lead the class discussion. The purpose of your presentation is not only to summarize the readings but also to identify important themes, key concepts, and highlight specific issues in order to focus class discussion. Each weekly discussion leader must submit a copy of their notes and questions to me before or in class for full credit. Generally, there will be six students selected to lead discussion each week. Leading these discussions is an integral part of your overall grade. Students who miss an assigned discussion leading session must submit their notes, questions, and a 3 page paper the following week describing the main points of emphasis and historical arguments from that missed week in order to gain half credit. 20% of total grade. Presentations: Over the course of the semester, each student is required to put together two assigned class presentations on a relevant topic, person, or event. A weekly list of possible presentations will be available. These presentations should be 8-10 minute long PowerPoint presentations. They should address at the very least who, what, when, where, why, and the significance/impact of the topic. Students subsequently will submit the PowerPoint and a written summary of their presentation to me before or in class for full credit. *** Each student will present at least once by the middle of the semester *** 10% of total grade. Research Papers: Each student will research and write three 5-6 page papers on pre-approved course topics. Nine possible paper topics in three separate paper sections will be offered in this class. Each group will pick paper topics by rotating allotment from the available paper sections. I will assign all paper topics. A full 1 page outline is part of your paper grade and is due BEFORE your paper is due. Your outline should include a title, a paragraph explaining the purpose of your paper, a strong thesis statement, a list of points of argument, and a list of sources you intend to use in your research (this document will be worth 10% of your total grade for the paper). Each student must submit a physical copy of their outline and paper in class. Late papers will drop a letter grade for every day that they are late. The first paper is worth 10% of total grade. Your last two papers are worth 20% of total grade each. *** Papers must be the individual work of the student. *** Grading Scale: Attendance/Participation – 20% Class Discussion Leader – 20% Class Presentations – 10% (5% each) Research Papers – 50% (This includes the outlines) (An optional extra credit review of an academic article can be completed for a 2% bonus on your final grade. The article must be approved by me, and the review should be 2-3 pages in length. No other extra credit will be available.) The course is graded by percentage. A – 90% and above B – 80-89% C – 70-79% D – 60-69% F – 59% and below *** I reserve the right to modify content, structure, and grading where necessary and within reason after providing sufficient notice to the students. *** Attendance Policy: Weekly attendance is a requirement. Roll will be taken at the start of every class. Only documented absences will be excused, as in the case of family death, medical emergency, court appearances, or university sponsored events. If a student has two unexcused absences, he/she will lose a quarter of his/her Attendance/Participation grade. A third unexcused absence will cost you another quarter (highest possible grade in the course drops to a B). Four or more absences will cost you the rest of your Attendance/Participation grade ((highest possible grade in the course drops to a C). This course fundamentally is based on class participation, student debate, and group support. Your absence from class not only harms yourself; it harms your fellow students and my ability to instruct the class properly. We are all in this together. Please come to class and be prepared to discuss. Computer Policy: Please do not use your computer in class to surf the web, check emails, update social media, etc. If I catch you doing so, you will be asked to leave class and your Participation grade will suffer. The same policy extends to phones, pads, or tablets. Playing on these devices is disrespectful and distracting. Please avoid the urge to surf or text. Your friends on Facebook or your mom’s text messages can wait. Email Policy: You should treat emails like formal letters, not like text messages. I try to be available to students through email. However, I will not respond to informal emails nor to emails that can be answered easily by consulting the syllabus, class webpage, or the readings. Cheating and Plagiarism Policy: Both cheating (copying answers, using prepared answer sheets, etc.) and plagiarism (presenting another person’s work as your own) are strictly prohibited. DO NOT copy paste from the internet for your presentations and papers. Make sure to ALWAYS cite someone else’s work, whether you are directly quoting them or even if you were influenced by their arguments/information. I have a zero tolerance policy on cheating and plagiarism. Should I suspect or find evidence of cheating or plagiarism, I will file the necessary paperwork and turn you over to the Dean of Students for investigation and adjudication. DO NOT CHEAT OR PLAGIARIZE! The repercussions can be extremely severe. *** Please be aware of the rules and regulations found in the LSU Code of Student Conduct, particularly section 8 “MISCONDUCT.” http://saa.lsu.edu/code-student-conduct *** Class Schedule: * If possible, please print all material provided on Moodle and bring it to class each week. An electronic copy is an acceptable alternative if you have taken careful notes. * Topic I: Republic to Empire Overview of the course and syllabus; overview of college writing requirements; introduction to the decline of the Republic and the rise of Augustus. (January 15th) Entire Class: Go over syllabus; set up groups; assign presentations and discussion leaders Introduction to the decline and fall of the Roman Republic (January 20th) Entire Class: Colin Wells “Introduction,” “The New Order,” “The Sources,” and “The Work of Augustus” (Intro and Ch. 1-3 of The Roman Empire). [78 pgs] (January 22nd) *** Assign all paper topics *** Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, “Mutatas Formas: The Augustan Transformation of Roman Knowledge” (Ch. 3 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [19 pgs] Diane Favro, “Making Rome a World City” (Ch. 10 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [29 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Nicholas Purcell, “Romans in the Roman World” (Ch. 4 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [21 pgs] Alessandro Barchiesi, “Learned Eyes” (Ch. 12 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [25 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Karl Galinsky, “Vergil’s Aeneid and Ovid’s Metamorphoses as World Literature” (Ch. 15 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [21 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic” (Ch. 5 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 1, Selected Readings, The Republic and the Augustan Age, p. 299-329, electronic copy on moodle). [31 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Julius Caesar, Brutus, Octavian, Mark Antony Topic II: Augustan Rome *** A. Augustus Paper *** (January 27th) Entire Class: Colin Wells, “Italy Under Augustus” and “The Consolidation of the Principate” (Ch. 4 and 5 of The Roman Empire). [43 pgs] Walter Eder, “Augustus and the Power of Tradition” (Ch. 1 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [20 pgs] Erich Gruen, “Augustus and the Making of the Principate” (Ch. 2 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [22 pgs] (January 29th) *** Augustus Outline Due *** Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) John Scheid, “Augustus and Roman Religion” (Ch. 8 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [24 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Augustan Age” (Ch. 9 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 1, Selected Readings, The Republic and the Augustan Age, p. 610-640, electronic copy on moodle). [30 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Richard Beacham, “The Emperor as Impresario” (Ch. 7 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [22 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Augustan Age” (Ch. 9 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 1, Selected Readings, The Republic and the Augustan Age, p. 581-610, electronic copy on moodle). [29 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Diana Kleiner, “Semblance and Storytelling in Augustan Rome” (Ch. 9 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [36 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Augustan Age” (Ch. 9 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 1, Selected Readings, The Republic and the Augustan Age, p. 555-581, electronic copy on moodle). [26 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Agrippa, Germanicus, Drusus the Elder  Topic III: The Julio-Claudians through Ancient Eyes (February 3rd) Entire Class: Suetonius, “Augustus” and “Tiberius” (Ch. 2 and 3 of The Twelve Caesars). [105 pgs] *** Augustus Paper Due *** (February 5th) Entire Class: Suetonius, “Gaius (Caligula)” and “Claudius” (Ch. 4 and 5 of The Twelve Caesars). [62 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Sejanus, Suetonius  Topic IV: Julio-Claudians to Flavians *** B. Emperors Paper *** (February 10th) Entire Class: Colin Wells, “Emperors Made Elsewhere than at Rome” (Ch. 7 of The Roman Empire). [23 pgs] Suetonius, “Nero” and “Galba” (Ch. 6 and 7 of The Twelve Caesars). [49 pgs] (February 15th) Entire Class: Suetonius, “Otho,” “Vitellius,” “Vespasian,” “Titus,” and “Domitian” (Ch. 8-12 of The Twelve Caesars). [59 pgs] (February 19th) *** Emperors Outline Due *** Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Ronald Mellor, “The New Aristocracy of Power” (Ch. 2 of Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text, electronic copy on moodle). [34 pgs] Jane Cody, “Conquerors and Conquered on Flavian Coins” (Ch. 3 of Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text, electronic copy on moodle). [22 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Alex Hardie, “Poetry and Politics at the Games of Domitian” (Ch. 4 of Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text, electronic copy on moodle). [24 pgs] Erik Gunderson, “The Flavian Amphitheatre: All the World as Stage” (Ch. 24 of Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text, electronic copy on moodle). [22 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Rhiannon Evans, “Containment and Corruption: The Discourse of Flavian Empire” (Ch. 9 of Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text, electronic copy on moodle). [22 pgs] David Fredrick, “Architecture and Surveillance in Flavian Rome” (Ch. 7 of Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text, electronic copy on moodle). [30 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Nero, Vespasian, Domitian, the Jewish War, the arch of Titus, the year of four emperors, the Colosseum  Topic V: Roman Imperial Society and Roman Women (February 24th) Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Janet Huskinson, “Looking for culture, identity and power” (Ch. 1 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [26 pgs] Valerie Hope, “The city of Rome: capital and symbol” (Ch. 3 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [22 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Society and Culture” (Ch. 3 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 135-170). [35 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Richard Miles, “Communicating culture, identity and power” (Ch. 2 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [34 pgs] Valerie Hope, “Status and identity in the Roman world” (Ch. 5 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [28 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Society and Culture” (Ch. 3 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 174-198). [24 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Janet Huskinson, “Elite culture and the identity of empire” (Ch. 4 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [29 pgs] Lisa Nevett and Phil Perkins, “Urbanism and urbanization in the Roman world” (Ch. 8 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [32 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Society and Culture” (Ch. 3 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 198-230). [32 pgs] *** Emperors paper due *** (February 26th) Entire Class: Dominic Montserrat, “Reading gender in the Roman world” (Ch. 6 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [29 pgs] Susan Treggiari, “Women in the Time of Augustus” (Ch. 6 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [20 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Women in the Roman World” (Ch. 5 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 338-371). [33 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Livia, Julia the Elder, Agrippina the Younger, Messalina  Topic VI: The Roman Economy *** C. Roman Society/Economy paper *** (March 3rd) Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Phil Perkins, “Power, culture and identity in the Roman economy” (Ch. 7 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [30 pgs] Richard Saller, “Human capital and economic growth” (Ch. 4 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [18 pgs] Andrew Wilson, “Raw materials and energy” (Ch. 7 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [23 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Walter Scheidel, “Approaching the Roman Economy” (Ch.1 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [24 pgs] Peter Temin, “The contribution of economics” (Ch. 3 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [26 pgs] Dennis Kehoe, “Contract labor” (Ch. 5 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [19 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Gloria Vivenza, “Roman economic thought” (Ch. 2 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [20 pgs] Walter Scheidel, “Slavery” (Ch. 5 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [25 pgs] Geoffrey Kron, “Food production” (Ch. 8 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [19 pgs] (March 5th) *** Roman Society/Economy Outline Due *** Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Cameron Hawkins, “Manufacturing” (Ch. 9 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [22 pgs] Peter Fibiger Bang, “Predation” (Ch. 10 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [21 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Economic Life” (Ch. 2 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 76-95). [20 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Colin Adams, “Transport” (Ch. 11 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [23 pgs] Sitta von Reden, “Money and finance” (Ch. 13 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [21 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Economic Life” (Ch. 2 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 95-112). [18 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Paul Erdkamp, “Urbanism” (Ch. 12 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [25 pgs] Walter Scheidel, “Physical well-being” (Ch. 15 of The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy). [13 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Economic Life” (Ch. 2 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 112-134). [22 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Nerva, Trajan  Topic VII: Imperial Administration and the Five Good Emperors *** A. Roman Administration/Five Good Emperors paper *** (March 10) Entire Class: Julian Bennett, “Domitian’s General, Nerva’s Heir,” “The New Ruler,” “A Public Ideology,” “The Inauguration of a New Era,” “Optimus Princeps,” “A Perfect Prince?” (Ch. 4-7, 9, and 14 of Trajan: Optimus Princeps, electronic copy on moodle). [72 pages] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Imperial Policy and Administration” (Ch. 1 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 1-45). [45 pgs] *** Roman Society/Economy paper due *** (March 12) *** Roman Administration/Five Good Emperors Outline Due *** Entire Class: Michael Grant, “Antoninus Pius,” “Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus,” “Marcus Aurelius,” “Marcus Aurelius and Commodus,” “Commodus” (Ch. 1-5 of The Antonines: the Roman Empire in Transition, electronic copy on moodle). [74 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Imperial Policy and Administration” (Ch. 1 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 46-75). [30 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus  Topic VIII: Provincial Administration and Roman Law (March 17th) Entire Class: Colin Wells, “The State of Italy from Petronius to Pliny,” “The Orderly Government of the Empire,” “The Immeasurable Majesty of the Roman Peace,” (Ch. 8-10 of The Roman Empire). [82 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Roman Law” (Ch. 8 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 498-513). [15 pgs] *** Roman Administration/Five Good Emperors Paper Due *** (March 19th) Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Margaret Williams, “Jews and the Jewish communities in the Roman Empire” (Ch. 11 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [22 pgs] P.A. Brunt, “Charges of provincial maladministration under the early principate” (Historia 10, 1961, 189-227, electronic copy on moodle). [38 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Greg Woolf, “Provincial Perspectives” (Ch. 5 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [24 pgs] Richard Talbert, “The Senatorial Court,” “Conclusion: The Changing Role of the Senate” (Ch. 16-17 of The Senate of Imperial Rome, electronic copy on moodle). [33 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) L. Michael White, “Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule” (Ch. 16 of The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus). [27 pgs] Lorna Hardwick, “Concepts of peace” (Ch. 12 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [34 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: The Roman Rhine frontier, the Roman Danube frontier, the Roman Euphrates frontier  Topic IX: Pliny, Trajan, and the Empire *** B. The Roman Provinces/Roman Law Paper *** (March 24th) Entire Class: Pliny, “Book X” (Letters, p. 260-301, electronic copy on moodle). [41 pgs] Fergus Millar, “Government and Administration” (Ch. 4 of The Roman Empire and Its Neighbors, electronic copy on moodle). [29 pgs] (March 26th) *** Roman Provinces/Law Outline Due *** Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Fergus Millar, “Introduction” and “State and Subject: the Cities” (Chs. 1 and 5 of The Roman Empire and Its Neighbors, electronic copy on moodle). [35 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Life in the Municipalities and Provinces” (Ch. 4 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 255-295). [40 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Fergus Millar, (The Emperor in the Roman World, p. 313-341, electronic copy on moodle). [28 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Life in the Municipalities and Provinces” (Ch. 4 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 295-337). [42 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Carlos Norena, “The Social Economy of Pliny’s Correspondence with Trajan” (American Journal of Philology 128, no 2, 2007, 239-277, electronic copy on moodle). [38 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “Life in the Municipalities and Provinces” (Ch. 4 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 231-255). [24 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Pliny the Younger, Tacitus, Roman Imperial governors  Topic X: Securing the Empire *** C. Securing the Empire Paper *** (March 31st) Entire Class: Christopher Fuhrmann, “Introduction,” “Fugitive-Slave Hunting,” “Conclusion” (Ch. 1-2, 9 of Policing the Roman Empire). [42 pgs] Brent Shaw, “Bandits in the Roman Empire” (Past & Present, 105, 1984, 3-52, electronic copy on moodle). [49 pgs] *** Roman Provinces/Law Paper Due *** (April 2nd) *** Securing the Empire Outline Due *** Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Christopher Fuhrmann, “Self-help, Magisterial Authority, and Civilian Policing,” “Military Policing in Rome and Italy under Augustus’s Successors” (Ch. 3 and 5 of Policing the Roman Empire). [68 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Christopher Fuhrmann, “Augustus and the Rhetoric of Imperial Peace,” “Emperors and Provincial Order” (Ch. 4 and 6 of Policing the Roman Empire). [58 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Christopher Fuhrmann, “Provincial Governors, Public Order, and Policing,” “Detached-Service Soldier-Police” (Ch. 7-8 of Policing the Roman Empire). [68 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: The Praetorian Guard, the Urban Cohort, the Vigiles  Topic XI: The Roman Imperial Army *** A. Roman Imperial Army Paper *** (April 14th) Entire Class: Yann Le Bohec, “Introduction,” “History of the Roman army,” “The practical role,” “Cultural influence,” “General Conclusions” (Intro and ch. 7-10 of Imperial Roman Army). [91 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Roman Army” (Ch. 7 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 444-498). [54 pgs] *** Securing the Empire Paper Due *** (April 16th) Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Yann Le Bohec, “The divisions of the army,” “The men,” (Ch. 1-2 of Imperial Roman Army). [49 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Yann Le Bohec, “Recruitment,” “Training,” (Ch. 3-4 of Imperial Roman Army). [52 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Yann Le Bohec, “Tactics,” “Strategy,” (Ch. 5-6 of Imperial Roman Army). [60 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: (Pick an Imperial Legion)  Topic XII: Roman Religion and Early Christianity *** B. Roman Religion and Early Christianity Paper *** (April 21st) Entire Class: Gillian Clark, “Introduction,” “Christians and others,” “The blood of the martyrs,” “Body and soul,” “People of the Book,” “Triumph, disaster or adaptation?” (Ch. 1-6 of Christianity and Roman Society). [117 pgs] (April 23rd) Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) G. de Ste. Croix, “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted?” (Past & Present, no 26, 1963, 6-38, electronic copy on moodle). [32 pgs] A. N. Sherwin-White, “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted? -- An Amendment,” (Past & Present, no. 27, 1964, 23-27, electronic copy on moodle). [4 pgs] G. de Ste. Croix, “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted? -- A Rejoinder,” (Past & Present, no. 27, 1964, 28-33, electronic copy on moodle). [5 pgs] Clifford Ando, “A Religion for the Empire,” (Ch. 12 of Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text, electronic copy on moodle). [22 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Conflict of Religions and the Triumph of Christianity” (Ch. 9 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 514-541). [27 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) J. B. Rives, “The Decree of Decius and the Religion of Empire,” (Journal of Roman Studies 89, 1999, 135-154, electronic copy on moodle). [19 pgs] J. B. Rives, “Religion in the Roman World” (Ch. 9 of Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power). [22 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Conflict of Religions and the Triumph of Christianity” (Ch. 9 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 541-582). [41 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) W. H. C. Frend, “The Failure of the Persecutions in the Roman Empire,” (Past & Present, 16, 1959, 10-30, electronic copy on moodle). [20 pgs] G.W. Bowersock, “The civic role of martyrs” (Ch. 3 of Martyrdom and Rome, electronic copy on moodle). [18 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Last Stand of Paganism and the Consolidation of Christian Society” (Ch. 10 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 583-630). [47 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Jupiter Optimus Maximus, the Great Fire at Rome, Perpetua, Sebastian  Topic XIII: The Severans and the 3rd Century Crisis *** C. The Severans and the 3rd Century Crisis Paper *** (April 28th) Entire Class: Colin Wells, “An Age of Transition” (Ch. 11 of The Roman Empire). [17 pgs] Anthony Birley, “The Year 193,” “The War against Niger,” “The War against Albinus,” “Parthia and Egypt,” “The Years in Italy,” “Aftermath and Assessment” (Ch. 10-13, 15, 17 of Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, electronic copy on moodle). [85 pgs] (April 30th) *** Outlines for Roman Imp, Army, Roman Religion/Christianity, and Severans and the 3rd Cent. Crisis Due *** Group A: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Clifford Ando, “A Critical Century” and “The Principal Author of the Decline and Fall” (Ch. 1-2 of Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century, electronic copy on moodle). [48 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Conflict of Religions and the Triumph of Christianity” (Ch. 9 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 372-399). [27 pgs] Group B: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Clifford Ando, “The Legacies of Septimius Severus” and “The Empire and Its Neighbors” (Ch. 3 and 5 of Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century, electronic copy on moodle). [50 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Conflict of Religions and the Triumph of Christianity” (Ch. 9 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 400-426). [27 pgs] Group C: ____________________ (Commander(s): ___________________________________) Clifford Ando, “Failure and Fragmentation” “Reconquest and Recidivism” and “Conclusion” (Ch. 7, 9, and 10 of Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century, electronic copy on moodle). [59 pgs] Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, “The Conflict of Religions and the Triumph of Christianity” (Ch. 9 of Roman Civilization, Vol. 2, Selected Readings, The Empire, p. 427-443). [16 pgs] Possible Presentation Topics: Caracalla, Severus Alexander, Valerian, Aurelian, Diocletian Finals Week: *** Final Papers Due NO LATER THAN 12 pm on May 8th! Place a hardcopy in my History Office box, Himes 224. NO LATE PAPERS WILL BE ACCEPTED. *** 17