English

Di dalam penerjemahan puisi sering dikatakan bahwa hasil terjemahan tidak sebaik puisi aslinya. Lebih jauh, ada tiga mitos tentang hasil penerjemahan puisi, yaitu: a) Puisi terjemahan lebih buruk daripada puisi aslinya, (b) penerjemahan puisi adalah pengkhianatan, dan (c) terjemahan yang cantik biasanya tidak setia, dan yang setia biasanya tidak cantik. Di dalam artikel singkat ini penulis berusaha menelusuri asal-muasal mitos di atas dan mencoba menyajikan pandangannya tentang kebenaran mitos tersebut.

Penulis juga menyinggung bagaimana penerjemahan puisi sumber yang sama bisa menghasilkan puisi-puisi yang berbeda jika penerjemahannya dilakukan oleh penerjemah yang berbeda. Keruwetan ini menjadi bertambah, menurut penulis, jika kritikus ikut mengomentari hasil terjemahan karena penerjemah dan kritikus mungkin sekali memiliki pengalaman dan latar budaya yang berbeda.

Akhirnya, penulis mengemukakan pendapatnya bahwa dalam penerjemahan puisi “kesetiaan” hendaknya dimaknai sebagai kesetiaan pada keindahan dan makna. Jadi, dari sudut pandang mitos lama dapat dikatakan bahwa penerjemahan puisi cenderung sebuah ‘pengkhianatan’ dari ekuivalensi bentuk linguistik, tetapi tetap bisa diupayakan untuk ‘setia’ pada keindahan dan makna dalam bahasa sasaran. Menurut penulis, inilah yang seharusnya diupayakan oleh penerjemah kalau ingin membuat karya terjemahan yang memenuhi kriteria terjemahan yang baik di dalam ilmu terjemahan.



Key-words: puisi, terjemahan, kesetiaan bentuk dan isi, keindahan, kritik terjemahan

Basically, poetry translation should be semantic translation for a poem is typically rich with aesthetic and expressive values. The translator may face the linguistic, literary and aesthetic, and socio-cultural problems in translating it. The linguistic problems include the collocation and obscured syntactic structure. The aesthetic and literary problems are related with poetic structure, metaphorical expressions, and sounds. While the sociocultural problems arise when the translator translates expressions containing the four major cultural categories: ideas, ecology, behavior, and products. This article shows some basic considerations on how to solve them.

Note: This article was first published in 1996 in a Journal named "Bistek" published by State Polytechnic of Malang, Indonesia, and then republished online with permission by Translation Directory Journal (http://www.translationdirectory.com/article634.htm) and then republished again by the writer on resources.transbahasa.com. This article has been referred extensively around the world in the writing on translation and culture.

SUBTITLING: DI ANTARA KETERBATASAN BAHASA-BUDAYA DAN MEDIA (SEKILAS TINJAUAN)
Sugeng Hariyanto

Subtitling, seperti halnya sulih suara, bertujuan untuk membantu pemirsa menikmatl film. Di dalam bekelja, pener]emah naskah film menghadapi kesulitan dari segi bahasa-budaya dan media. Dari segi bahasa dan budaya, kesulitannya bersumber dan acuan kultural, Idiom, permainan kata, sindiran, humor dan makna pragmatik. Dari segi media, ada dua hal yang menyulitkan, yaitu pembatasan waktu dan tempat. Kedua keterbatasan utama ini secara khusus menjadi kesulltan khas subtitling. Memang ada prinslp-prinsip dasar yang hendaknya diperhatikan, namun kadang-kadang satu atau beberapa pnnsip ini terpaksa terabaikan untuk mengedepankan kemulusan cerita. Ada beberapa strategi yang bisa dipilih pener]emah naskah film untuk mengatasi kesulitan dari paduan keterbatasan di atas. Seperti halnya pener]emah teks tulis, penerjemah naskah film (subtitler) selalu dihadapkan pada situasi pengambilan keputusan. Namun, penerjemah film didukung oleh petunjuk visual (adegan, tulisn, bahasa tubuh di dalam film).

Kata kunci: subtitling, strategi subtitling, bahasa-budaya, media

This research looks at eco-translation as a pillar of translation competence, as well as the design of teaching materials for translation courses. Unsolved issues in translator education programs include producing students with well-rounded translators who possess both translation (hard skills) and skilled translator competence (soft skills). The majority of universities that offer translator training programs place a strong emphasis on translation skills. To evaluate results, this study used a case study with a qualitative approach. This study, which took place in Malang, Indonesia, included four universities, 12 lecturers, and 80 students as participants. Observation, interviews, and paper reviews were used to gather information. The key data analysis approach was content analysis. The findings indicate that translation competence is primarily acquired by linguistics knowledge. However, in practice, translation hard skills and soft skills must be refined in a social setting where the environment and social context are the most competent. Eco-translation satisfies the requirements in this way. Eco-translation has been shown to meet the needs of course design and teaching methods in translation for teaching.

The plethora of experience in one culture is stored in concepts which are further manifested in the lexicon, grammar and metaphors of the language. Some concepts are congruent across languages, while some are not. Theoretically, some linguists maintain that translation is impossible on the ground of linguistic relativity hypothesis. However, in practice translation is always done again and again, and this proves that translation of expressions referring to these concepts is doable. Considering the discussion of the elements of conceptual systems presented here, the writer proposes three ways of translating expressions to convey concepts: (a) compensating the element of a concept with another element of the same concept, (b) separating concepts from words or expression, and (c) bringing the concept and expressions into the target language using loan word/expression with or without any notes, or bringing the concept into the target language using descriptions. To help select an appropriate way of translating in a particular case, translators should consider the translation purpose. As the discussion unfolds, examples are presented to illustrate the situation.

Very few studies have been conducted on the banking agreement translation involving two languages of two different legal families. As a matter of fact, the translation of such agreements is getting more and more important in this globalized business world. This paper reports a study conducted to investigate how the terminology of a bank-client agreement is translated from English (common law) into Indonesian (civil law). With the subjects of four translators and one editor at a translation agency in Indonesia, this study analyzed the source text (ST) and target text (TT), provided collected data using questionnaires from the translators and interviewed the editor. The translators were not specialized legal translators, but they had experience in translating various kinds of text types, including legal texts. The editor had a long experience as a translator. The findings show that the translators tried to understand the meaning of the terms by contextualizing them and studying parall...

Artikel ini bersifat konseptual, mengenai jenis-jenis riset dalam studi Penerjemahan pada dasarnya adalah pengalihan makna dan pesan dari satu bahasa ke bahasa lainnya. Jenis teks yang berbeda memerlukan langkah yang berbeda. Langkah-langkah penerjemahan karya prosa fiksi dan puisi tidak sama dengan langkah-langkah penerjemahan karya ilmiah. Artikel ini menyajikan prinsip-prinsip penerjemahan karya prosa fiksi oleh beberapa ahli terutama oleh Beloc (dalam Basnett-McGuire, 1980) dan saran penerjemahan puisi oleh Robert Bly (dalam Frawley, 1953). Saran penerjemahan puisi tersebut mencakup delapan langkah, dari menerjemahkah secara literal hingga memberi sentuhan terakhir. Penerjemah dan mahasiswa penerjemahan bisa belajar dari beberapa saran oleh para ahli yang telah dikaji ulang tersebut untuk membantunya mencapai terjemahan karya sastra yang baik.

Using sophisticated technology in EFL has been a source of considerable debate. As a part of the Web 2.0 movement, Prezi lets users generate, produce, and preserve virtual demonstrations. While a substantial study has been conducted on the benefits and downsides of utilizing Prezi presentations, there is scarce research on students' experiences with using Prezi. The study aims to look at pupils' perspectives on using Prezi in learning English to fill the gap. Twenty students from a private secondary school in Mojokerto, Indonesia, were examined. This exploratory qualitative case study used a purposive sampling strategy. They answered ten interview questions, which the researchers examined using content analysis. The findings revealed that students' experiences using Prezi and making Prezi demonstrations could be divided into four primary topics: serviceability, effectiveness, design, and hindrances. Using Prezi, students experienced producing more interactive visuals for...

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Kegiatan usaha selalu menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam persaingan untuk terus bertahan hidup. Beberapa strategi dikembangkan untuk menjawab tantangan yang dihadapi tersebut. Wirausahawan sebagai penggerak usaha baik usaha yang berskala kecil maupun menengah hingga usaha skala besar tidak dapat menghindari untuk terus melakukan terobosan strategi agar tercapai keberhasilan usahanya. Sektor usaha kecil dimana masih terdapat banyak keterbatasan membutuhkan banyak bantuan dan motivasi untuk dapat memanfaatkan setiap kesempatan dan juga sumber daya yang ada. Dari aspek tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa dunia pendidikan dapat memberikan kontribusi nyata untuk membina usaha – usaha yang masih dapat dikembangkan sesuai potensinya.

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