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    Computer_Generations

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    elitelife029
    history about computers generations

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    Computer_Generations

    Uploaded by

    elitelife029
    1 views19 pages
    history about computers generations

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    history about computers generations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1 views19 pages

    Computer_Generations

    Uploaded by

    elitelife029
    history about computers generations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Computer Generations

    • A generation refers to the state of


    improvement in the development and
    advancements of computer technology.
    • With each new generation the circuitry
    become smaller and more advanced.
    Key terms for Computer Generations

    • Time Frame
    • Circuit Components
    • Elements per Component
    • Internal Storage
    • Memory Capacity
    • Data Input
    • Popular Computers and Companies
    First Generations
    1940- 1956

    • Circuit Components
    – Vacuum Tubes
    • Internal Storage
    – Magnetic Drum
    First Generations 1940- 1956
    • Memory Capacity
    – 4,000 bits
    • Data Input
    – Hard Wire Programs in computers
    • Popular Computers and Companies
    – IBM 650, Univac I
    – ENIAC
    • Disadvantages
    • The computers were very large in size.
    • They consumed a large amount of energy.
    • They heated very soon.
    • They were not very reliable.
    • Air conditioning was required.
    • Constant maintenance was required.
    • Non-portable and Very slow speed and very
    faulty
    • Used machine language only.
    Second Generation
    1956-1963

    • Circuit Components
    – Transistors
    • Internal Storage
    – Magnetic Cores
    Second Generation 1956-1963
    • Memory Capacity
    – 32,000 bits
    • Data Input
    – Punch Cards
    • Popular Computers and Companies
    – CDC, GE, IBM
    • Advantages
    • Smaller in size as compared to the first-g- c.
    • more reliable and Wider commercial use
    • Used less energy and were not heated.
    • Better portability
    • Better speed and could calculate data in
    microseconds
    • Used faster peripherals like tape drives, magnetic
    disks, printer etc.
    • Used Assembly language instead of Machine
    language.
    • For ex. MOV X,5
    Disadvantages

    • Cooling system was required


    • Constant maintenance was required
    • Commercial production was difficult
    • Only used for specific purposes
    • Costly and not versatile
    • Punch cards were used for input.
    Third Generation
    1964-1971
    • Circuit Components
    – Silicon Chips (Integrated circuits)= IC
    • Internal Storage
    – Cores, IC’s
    Third Generation 1964-1971
    • Memory Capacity
    – 128,000 bits
    • Data Input
    – Keyboard Entry
    • Popular Computers and Companies
    – IBM, NCR, Honeywell
    Advantages
    •Smaller in size as compared to previous
    generations.
    •More reliable and Used less energy
    •Produced less heat
    •Better speed and could calculate data in
    nanoseconds.
    •Used fan for heat discharge to prevent
    damage.
    •Totally general purpose
    •Advantages
    •Could be used for high-level languages.
    •Good storage, Less expensive.
    •Commercial production increased.
    •Used mouse and keyboard for input.
    Disadvantages
    •Air conditioning was required.
    •Highly sophisticated technology required
    for the manufacturing of IC chips.
    Fourth Generation 1971-1989
    • Silicon Chips (Large scale integrated
    circuits)=LSI
    • Internal Storage: IC’s, LSI’s, VLSI
    • Memory Capacity
    – 100 million bits
    • Data Input
    – Read programs off disks
    • Popular Computers and Companies
    – Apple, Xerox, Texas Instrument, Hewlett-Packard
    Advantages
    •More powerful and reliable.
    •Totally general purpose and Small in size
    •Fast processing power with less power
    consumption
    •Fan for heat discharging so no air
    conditioning required.
    •Cheapest and Commercial production
    •All types of High level languages can be
    used in this type of computers
    • Disadvantages
    • The latest technology is required for
    manufacturing of Microprocessors
    Fifth Generation
    present and beyond
    • Circuit Components
    – Silicon Chips ( Ultra Large Integrated Circuits) ULSI
    • Fifth generation computing devices, based on
    artificial intelligence, are still in development,
    though there are some applications, such as
    voice recognition, that are being used today.
    Fifth Generation
    present and beyond
    • Memory Capacity
    – Unlimited
    • Data Input
    – Cd Rom, Optical Disk
    • Popular Computers and Companies
    – NEC, Packard Bell, Compaq, Other Clones

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