Puccini A

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 21

PUCCINIA

SYSTEMATIC POSITION
DIVISION : Amastigomocyota
SUB DIVISION : Basidiomycotina
ORDER : Uredinales
FAMILY : Pucciniaceae
INTRODUCTION
Puccinia is a basidiomycetous fungus, commonly known as
rust because of the rusty patches it produces on the stems
and leaves of the host plants
It is an obligate parasite, since it can thrive only upon living
hosts
Puccinia asparagi completes its life cycle on a single host
Asparagus, hence is called an autoecious fungus
Puccinia graminis completes its life cycle on two different
host plants, wheat and barberry and hence is called a
heteroecious fungus
Puccinia graminis – causes black rust or stem rust
Pucciia glamarum – causes yellow rust or stripe rust
Puccinia triticina – causes brown rust or orange leaf rust
Puccinia graminis
Puccinia graminis causes black rust of wheat in
almost all wheat growing areas of the world. It also
attacks a large number of other hosts such as oats,
barley, rye and many other wild grasses
Puccinia graminis is heteroecious as the life cycle is
completed on two different hosts – wheat and
barberry
The dikaryophase of the life cycle is completed on the
wheat plant
The haplophase is completed on the barberry plant
Wheat is the primary host and barberry is the
alternate host
LIFE CYCLE
 Wheat is the primary host upon which the dikaryophase of
the pathogen is completed
 This phase consists of a dikaryotic mycelium and two spore
stages, namely the uredineal stage and telial stage
 Primary infection starts with the germination of aecidiospore
(formed in barberry plant) on the wheat leaves
 Aecidiospores are binucleate. When they fall on wheat plant
they germinate to produce a branched mycelium in the
wheat plant tissues and spreads in the intercellular spaces.
The cells of the hyphae in this mycelium are binucleate
 The dikaryotic mycelium reproduces by producing two kinds
of spores, namely the uredospores and teleutospores
 They are produced on the surface of the host tissue on
specialized structures called sori – uredosori and teleutosori
UREDINEAL STAGE
The hyphae of the mycelium aggregate to form a hyphal
mass near the surface of the infected leaf, stem etc.
These hyphal mass surrounds host cells to form uredia
From the uredium a large number of uredospores arise
This group of uredospores thus formed is called
uredosorus
The uredospores are produced on long stalks and each
spore is binucleate, somewhat round or oval in shape and
with a rough wall
The epidermis breaks and the uredospores are liberated.
Under favourable conditions uredospores germinate and
again form uredosori
The infection due to uredospores can be seen as reddish
brown pustules on the leaves and stem of wheat plant.
Hence the uredineal stage is often called the ‘red stage’
or the ‘summer stage’
TELIAL STAGE
Late in the growing season, the same hyphal mass
that gave rise to uredia and uredosori produces telia
and teleutosori
The red stage or the summer stage is gradually
replaced by black stage or the winter stage
Teleutospores get exposed when the host epidermis
breaks
Teleutospores are bicelled, dark brown or black with
clavate shape and thick and smooth walls
Teleutospores are slightly constricted at the cross wall
between two cells
Each cell of the teleutospore is binucleate and has a
germ pore
The two nuclei within each cell of the teleutospore
fuses and in this condition the teleutospore tides over
winter
BASIDIAL STAGE
In the following spring, with the return of the
favourable conditions the teleutospore germinates
Each cell of the teleutospore produces a
promycelium (phragmobasidium) that comes out of
the germ pore
The diploid nucleus passes into the promycelium
and divides meiotically forming four haploid nuclei
( two plus type and two minus type)
These four nuclei get separated by the formation of
septa
Now each of the four cells produces a sterigma and
at the end of it later a basidiospore is produced
Basidiospores do not germinate on wheat but
germinate on second host, the barberry plant
INFECTION ON BARBERRY PLANT
Upon the leaf of barberry plant the
basidiospore germinates by producing a germ
tube and spreads in the host tissue by
forming monokaryotic mycelium
Several basidiospores of both strains (plus
and minus) infect the same barberry leaf and
the mycelia of both types are produced in the
same leaf
They produce pycnidial stage on the upper
surface and aecidial stage on the lower
surface
PYCNIDIAL OR SPERMAGONIAL STAGE
The monokaryotic mycelium now begins to organize itself
beneath the upper epidermis of the barberry leaf and
forms a dense mat
From this mycelial mat arise groups of hyphae, which
organize themselves into pycnidium.
The pycnidia are also of the + and – strains
Pycnidium or spermagonium is a flask shaped structure
that opens to the outside by a small pore, called ostiole
which in turn is guarded by sterile hyphae called
periphyses
There are two kinds of hyphae in a pycnidium – long and
delicate receptive hyphae which prodrude beyond the
ostiole and the short spermatial hyphae arranged in a
palisade like layer lining the cavity
Spermatial hyphae bear spermatia or pycnospores at
their tip
Spermatia is a small non motile oval cell with a large
nucleus
A pycnidium gives rise to either + or – spermatium
only
The transfer of spermatium from one pycnidium to
another is effected by insects
Insects transfer spermatium of one strain to the
pycnidial cups containing receptive hyphae of the
opposite strain
A binucleate cell is formed by the fusion of the
spermatium with the tip cell of the receptive hyphae
From this binucleate cell a dikaryotic mycelium is
formed
The hyphae with dikaryotic cells collect together and
form the aecidia on the lower surface of the barberry
leaf
AECIDIAL STATE
Aecidia are cup shaped structures in which
aecidiospores are produced in basipetal
succession alternating with small intercalary
cells called disjunctors
Aecidiospores are liberated by disintegration
of the intercalary cells
The hyphal cells at the periphery become
thick and form peridium surrounding the
aecidium
A mature aecidiospore is binucleate, thick
walled and usually subglobose to polyhedral
in shape
The liberated aecidiospores are carried by air
to the wheat plant where they start infection

You might also like