10th Science PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT ANATOMY Notes

PLANT ANATOMY AND PLANT
PHYSIOLOGY
Choose the correct answer:
1. Casparian strips are present in the of the root.
a) cortex b) pith c) pericycle d) endodermis
2. The endarch condition i e characteristic cfeature of
a) root b) stem c) leaves d) flower
3. The xylem and phloem arranged side by side on same radius is called
a) radial b) amphivasal c) conjoint d) None of these
4. Which is formed during anaerobic respiration
a) Carbohydrate b) Ethyl alcohol c)Acetyl CoA d) Pyruvate
5. Kreb's cycle takes place in
a)chloroplast b)mitochondrial matrix c)stomata d)inner mitochondrial membrane
6. Oxygen is produced at what point during photosynthesis ?
alwhen ATP is converted to ADP b)when CO, is fixed c)when H,0 is splitted d)Alil of these
I. Fll in the blanks.
1. Cortex lies between Ans: Epldermal and vascular tissue
2. Xylem and phloem occurring on the same radius constitute a vascular bundle called
Ans:Conjoint bundles
3. Glycolysis takes place in Ans:Cytoplasam
4. The source of O2 liberated in photosynthesis is Ans:Water
5. is ATP factory of the cells Ans:Mitochondria
II. State whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false statement.
1. Phloem tissue is involved in the transport of water in plant.
Ans:False
Correct statement:xylum tissue is involved in the transport of water in plant. (or) Phloem
tissue is involved in the transport of food in plant
2. The waxy protective covering of a plant is called as cuticle.
Ans: True
3. In monocot stem cambium is present in between xylem and phloem.
Ans: False
Correct statement:Dicot stem cambium is present in between xylem and phloem.
4. Palisade parenchyma cells occur below upper epidermis in dicot root.
Ans: False
Correct statement: Palisade parenchyma cells occur below upper epidermis in dicot leaf
S. Mesophyll contains chlorophyll.
Ans: True
6. Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
Ans: False
Correct statement: Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than Anaerobic respiration
IV. Match the following
I. Amphicribal Dracaena
2. Cambium Translocation of food
3. Amphivasal Ferm
4. Xylem -Secondary growth
5. Phloem - Conduction of waler
Ans:
IV. Match the following
1. Amphicribal - Fern
2. Cambium - Secondary growth
3. Amphivasal Dracaena
4. Xylem -Conduction of water
5. Phloem -Translocation of food
V. Answer in a sentence
1. What is collateral vascular bundle?
Xylem lies towards the centre and phloem lies towards the periphery.
2. Where does the carbon that is used in photosynthesis come from?
carbon dioxide in the Atmosphere
The carbon that is used in photosynthesis comes
3. What is the common step in aeroblc and anaerobic pathway?
Glycolysis is the common step in aerobic and anaerobic pathway
4. Name the phenomenon by which carbohydrates are oxidized to release ethyl alcohol.
Fermentation (or) Anarobic respiration
VIL. Short answer questions
1. Give an account on vascular bundle of dicot stem.
of a ring
Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral, endarch and open. They are arranged in the form
around the pith.
2. Write a short note on mesophyll.
" The tissue pre between the upper and lower epidermis is called mesophyll.
eontiated into Palisade parenchyma and Spongy laychyma
It is the ground tissue that is present between s P l llayers.
+ The cells are irregularly arranged with inter-cellular spaces. These cells contain chloroplasts.
3. Draw and label the structure of oxysomes
-F,
-Stalk
4. Name the three basic tissues system in flowering plants.

) Dermal or Epidermal tissue system
ii) Ground tissue system
iii) Vascular tissue system
s. What is photosynthesis and where in a cell does it occur?
Photosynthesis occurs in green parts of the plant such as leaves, stems and floral buds.
6. What is respiratory quotient?
R
KespratOry quotent is the ratio of volume of carbon dioxide liberated and the volume of oxygen
iduring respiration. It is expressed as
RQ = Volume of CO, liberated
Volume of 0; consumed
7. Why should the light dependent reaction occur before the light independent reaction?
Light dependent photosynthesis (Hill reaction\ Light reaction)
This was discovered by Robin Hill (1939).
This reaction takes place in the presence of light energy in thylakoid membranes (grana) of
the chloroplasts. Photosynthetic pigments absorb the light energy and convert it into
chemical energy ATP and NADPH,.
The second steps (dark reaction or biosynthetic pathway) is carried out in the stroma.
During this reaction CO. is reduced into carbohydrates with the help of light generated ATP
and NADPH, This is also called as Calvin cycde and is carried out in the absence of light.
" In Calvin cycde the inputs are C02 from the atmosphere and the ATP and NADPH, produced
from light reaction.
8. Write the reaction for photosynthesis?
6 C02 + 12 H20 chlorophyll CoH120% +6H20 602
Light
Carbon dioxide +Water Glucose Water + Oxygen
VIL. Long answer questions
1. Differentiate the following
a) Monocot root and Dicot root
S. No. Tissues Dicot Root Monocot Root
Number of Xylem Tetrarch Polyarch
Cambiumn Present(During secondary growth Absent
only)
Secondary Growth Present Absent
A Pith Absent Present
b) Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration is the type of celluar respiration in which organic food is completely oxidized with
the heip of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and energy. It occurs in most plants and animals.
CGH0, +60,’ 6C0, +6H,0 + ATP

Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration takes place without oxygen. Glucose is converted into ethanol (in plants) or
lactate (in some bacteria)
CoH1206 2C02 +2C2HsOH + Energy (ATP)
2. Describe and name three stages of cellular respiration that aerobic organisms use to obtain
energy from glucose.
a. Glycolysis (Glucose splitting):
It is the breakdown of one molecule of glucose (6 carbon) into two molecules of pyruvic acid (3
carbon).
" Glycolysis takes place in cytoplasm of the cell.
It is the first step of both aerobic and anerobic respiration.
b. Krebs Cycle:
" This cycle occurs in mitochondria matrix. At the end of glycolysis, 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
enter into mitochondria.
The oxidation of pyruvic acid into CO2 and water takes place through this cycle. It is also called
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA).
cElectron Transport Chain:
This is accomplished through a system of electron
ta complex called electron transport
chain (ETC) located on the inner membrane of the
NADH2 and FADH2 molecules formed during glycolysis and Krebs cycle are oxidised to NAD+
and FAD+ to release the energy via electrons.
The electrons, as they move through the system, release energy which is trapped by ADP to
synthesize ATP.
This is called oxidative phosphorylation. In this process, O: the ultimate acceptor of electrons
gets reduced to water.
3. How does the light dependent reaction differ from the light independent reaction? What are
theeend prouct and reactants in each? Where does each reaction occur within the
chloroplast?
s.no Light dependent reactions Light independent reactions
.
Light reaction dark reaction

This reaction takes place in the presence of
light energy in thylakoid membranes (grana) of dark reaction is carried out in the stroma.
the chloroplasts.
Photosynthetic pigments absorb the light During this reaction C02 is reduced into
energyand convert it into chemical energy ATP carbohydrates with the help of light generated
and NADPH: ATP and NADPH2.
This reaction takes place in the presence of light energy in thylakoid membranes (grana) of the
chloroplasts.
The second steps (dark reaction or biosynthetic pathway) is carried out in the stroma.
VIL. Hlgher OrderThinking Siils(HOTS)
1. The reactions of pbotosynthesis make up a biochemical pathway.
A) What are the reactants and products for both light and dark reactions.
B) Explain how the biochemical pathway of photosynthesis recycles many of its own reactions and
identify the recycled reactants.
Ans:
a) It is a vascular bundle
b) It is a concentric bundle in which phloem completely surrounds the xylem such a type is described
as amphicribral
c) This is seen in ferns
2. Where do the light dependent reaction and the Calvin cycle occur in the chloroplast?
) Banyan tree is a dicot. In Dicots cambium is present in the vascular bundle and secondary
growth is seen throughout the life of the plant. Hence the stem becomes thicker due to
additional formation of xylemn and phloem every year
i) Coconut is a monocot. secondary growth is absent in monocots. Hence the stem does not
increase in thickness every year.

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PLANT ANATOMY AND PLANT

4. Name the three basic tissues system in flowering plants.

CGH0, +60,’ 6C0, +6H,0 + ATP

Light reaction dark reaction

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