HISTORY OF

COMPUTER:
BASIC
COMPUTING
PERIOD
PREPARED BY: MICAH M. ZAFRA,
LPT
Definition of Computer

A computer is an electronic
machine that accepts
information (Data),
processes it according to
specific instructions, and
provides the results as new
information.
 EARLIEST COMPUTER

• Originally calculations were computed by

humans, whose job title was computers.
• The first use of the word "computer" was
recorded in 1613, referring to a person
who carried out calculations, or
computations, and the word continued to
be used in that sense until the middle of
the 20th century.
 TALLY
STICKS
• A tally stick was an ancient memory
aid device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even
messages.
tALLY
STICKS
 Abacu
An abacus is a mechanical device used to
aid san individual in performing
mathematical calculations."
The abacus was invented in Babylonia in
2400 B.C.
The abacus in the form we are most
familiar with was first used in China in
around 500 B.C.
• It used to perform basic arithmetic
operations.
 Napier's
• Invented by John Napier
Bones
in 1614.
• Allowed the operator to
multiply, divide and
calculate square and
cube roots by moving the
rods around and placing
them in specially
constructed boards.
 Slide
• Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.

Rule
• Based on
logarithms.
Napier's
• Used primarily for:
idea about

- multiplication
division
roots
- logarithm
- Trigonometry
• Not normally used for addition or
subtraction.
 Pascaline
• Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
• It was its limitation to addition and
subtraction.
• It is too expensive.
 Stepped Reckoner
• Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in
1672.
• The machine that can add, subtract,
multiply and divide automatically.
 Jacquard Loom
• The Jacquard Loom is a
mechanical loom, invented
by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in
1881. It's an automatic loom
controlled by punched
cards.

JOSEPH-MARIE JACQUARD
 Arithmomete
• A r mechanical calculator
invented by Thomas de Colmar
in 1820.
• The first reliable, useful and
commercially successful
calculating machine.
• The machine could perform the
four basic mathematic
functions.
• The first mass-produced
Difference Engine and Analytical
Engine
• It's an automatic,
mechanical calculator
designed to tabulate
polynomial functions.
• Invented by Charles
Babbage (Father of
Computer) in 1822 and
1834.
• It is the first mechanical
computer.
First Computer
Programmer
• In 1840, Augusta Ada
Byron suggests to
Babbage that he use the
binary system.
• She writes programs for
the Analytical Engine.
Scheutzian Calculation
EnginE
• Invented by Per
Georg Scheutz in
1843.
• Based on Charles
Babbage's difference
engine.
• The first printing
Scheutzian Calculation
EnginE
Tabulating Machine
• Invented by Herman
Hollerith in 1890.
• To assist in summarizing
information and accounting.
 Harvard Mark
• Also known as IBM
1
Automatic
Controlled
Sequence
• Calculator (ASCC).
• Invented by Howard H.
Aiken in 1943.
• The first electro-
mechanical computer.
 Z1
• The first programmable
computer.
• Created by Konrad Zuse in
Germany from 1936 to 1938.
• To program the Z1 required
that the user insert punch
tape into a punch tape
reader and all output was
also generated through
punch tape.
Atanasoff-Berry Computer
(ABC)
• It was the first electronic
digital computing device.
• Invented by Professor John
Atanasoff and graduate
student Clifford Berry at lowa
State University between
1939 and 1942.
 ENIAC
• ENIAC stands for
Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer.
• It was the first electronic
general purpose
computer.
• Completed in 1946.
• Developed by John
Presper Eckert and John
 UNIVAC 1
• The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal
Automatic Computer 1)
was the first
commercial computer.
• Designed by J. Presper
Eckert and John
Mauchly.
 EDVAC
• EDVAC stands for Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer.
• The First Stored Program
Computer
• Designed by Von Neumann
in 1952.
• It has a memory to hold both
a stored program as well as
 Osborne 1
• The first portable computer.
• Released in 1981 by the
Osborne Computer
Corporation.
The First Computer
Company
• The first computercompany
was the Electronic Controls
Company.
• Founded in 1949 by J.
Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly.
Computer
Generations
There are five generations of computer:
• First Generation 1946-1958
• Second generation - 1959 1964
• Third generation - 1965 1970
• Fourth generation - 1971 - today
• Fifth generation - Today to future
 The First Generation
The first computers used vacuum tubes
for circuitry and magnetic drums for
memory, and were often enormous, taking
up entire rooms.
They were very expensive to operate and
in addition to using a great deal of
electricity, generated a lot of heat, which
was often the cause of malfunctions.
VACUUM
TUBES
The First Generation
• First generation computers relied on
machine language, the lowest-level
programming language understood by
computers, to perform operations, and
they could only solve one problem at a
time. Input was based on punched
cards and paper tape, and output was
displayed on printouts.
 The Second
• Generation
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
and ushered in the second generation
of computers.
• One transistor replaced the equivalent
of 40 vacuum tubes.
• Allowing computers to become
smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-
efficient and more reliable.
TRANSITO
RS
 The Second
• Generation
Second-generation computers still
relied on punched cards for input and
printouts for output.
• These were also the first computers
that stored their instructions in their
memory, which moved from a
magnetic drum to magnetic core
technology.
 The Third Generation
• The development of the integrated
circuit was the hallmark of the third
generation of computers.
• Transistors were miniaturized and
placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically
increased the speed and efficiency of
computers.
• Much smaller and cheaper compare to
the second generation computers.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
 The Third Generation
• It could carry out instructions in
billionths of a second. Users interacted
with third generation computers
through keyboards and monitors and
interfaced with an operating system,
which allowed the device to run many
different applications at one time with a
centra program that monitored the
memory.
 The Third Generation
• Computers for the first time became
accessible to a mass audience because
they were smaller and cheaper than
their predecessors.
 The Fourth
Generation
• The microprocessor brought the fourth
generation of computers, as thousands of
integrated circuits were built onto a single
silicon chip.
• As these small computers became more
powerful, they could be linked together to
form networks, which eventually led to
the development of the Internet.
MICROPROCESSOR
 The Fourth
Generation
• Fourth generation computers also saw
the development of GUIs, the mouse and
handheld devices. History of Computer
Microprocessor
 The Fifth Generation
• Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
• Still in development.
• The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make
artificial intelligence a reality.
• The goal is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and are
capable of learning and self-organization.
• There are some applications, such as
voice recognition, that are being used
REFERENCE:
• Paccial, N. (2017, June 21). History of
computer [Slide show]. SlideShare.
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/histo
ry-of-computer-77157884/77157884#29
Thanks for
listening!