GOOD MORNING

EVERYONE
REPORTER: IAN DAVE B. JIMENEZ
JOHN JOSEPH BUENAFLOR
History of Computer
Definition of Computer
• A computer is an electronic machine that accepts information
(Data), processes it according to specific instructions, and
provides the results as new information.
Earliest Computer
• Originally calculations were computed by humans,
whose job title was computers.
• These human computers were typically engaged in
the calculation of a mathematical expression.
• The calculations of this period were specialized and
expensive, requiring years of training in mathematics.
• The first use of the word ”computer” was recorded in
1613, referring to a person who carried out
calculations, or computations, and the word
continued to be used in that sense until the middle of
the 20th century.
Tally Sticks
• A tally stick was an ancient memory aid device to record and
document numbers, quantities, or even messages.
Abacus
• An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in
performing mathematical calculations.
• The abacus was invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
• The abacus in the from we are most familiar with was first used in
China in around 500 B.C.
• It used to perform basic arithmetic operations.
Napier’s Bones
• Invented by John Napier in 1614.
• Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square
and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in
specially constructed boards.
Slide rule
• Invented by William Oughtred in1622.
• Based on Napier’s idea about logarithms.
• Used primarily for:
• *multiplication
• *division
• *roots
• *logarithm
• *trigonometry
• Not normally used for addition or subtraction.
Pascaline

• Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642

• It was its limitation to addition and subtraction.
• It is too expensive.
Stepped Reckoner
• Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.
• The machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide
automatically.
Jacquard Loom
• The Jacquard Loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-
Marie Jacquard in 1881.
• Its an automatic loom controlled by punched cards.
Arithmometer
• A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in
1820.
• The first reliable, useful and commercially successful
calculating machine.
• The machine could perform the four basic mathematic
functions.
• The first mass-produced calculating machine.
Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
• Its an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate
polynomial functions.
• Invented by Charles Babbage (Father of Computer) in 1822
and 1834.
• It is the first mechanical computer.
First Computer Programmer
• In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggests to Babbage that he use
the binary system.
• She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.
Scheutzian Calculation Engine
• Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.
• Based on Charles Babbage’s difference engine.
• The first printing calculator.
Tabulating Machine
• Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890.
• To assist summarizing information and accounting.
Harvard Mark 1
• Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
(ASCC).
• Invented by HOWARD H. Aiken in 1943.
• The first electro-mechanical computer.
Z1
• The first programmable computer.
• Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1963 to 1938.
• To program the Z1 required that the user insert punch tape
into a punch tape reader and all output was also generated
through punch tape.
Atanasoff-Berry Computer
(ABC)
• It was the first electronic digital computing device.
• Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student
Clifford Berry at lowa State University between 1939 and
1942.
ENIAC
• ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer.
• It was the first electronic general purpose computer.
• Completed in 1946.
• Developed by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly.
UNIVAC 1
• The UNIVAC 1 (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1) was the first
commercial.
• Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
EDVAC
• EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer.
• The First Stored Program Computer.
• Designed by Von Neumann in 1952.
• It has a memory to hold both a stored program as well as data.
Osborne 1
• The first portable computer.
• Released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer Corporation.
The first Computer Company
• The first computer company was the Electronic Controls
Company.
• Founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
Computer Generations
• There are five generations of computer.
• First generation- 1946-1958.
• Second generation- 1959- 1964.
• Third generation- 1965- 1970.
• Fourth generation- 1971- today.
• Fifth generation- today to future.
The first generation
• The first computer used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous,
taking up entire rooms.
• They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a
great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
often to cause of malfunctions.
• First generation computers relied on machine language, the
lowest-level programming language understood by computers,
to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem
at a time.
• Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output
was displayed on printouts.
The Second Generation
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second
generation of computers.
• One translator replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes.
• Allowing computers to became smaller, faster, cheaper, more
energy- efficient and more reliable.
• Still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the
computer.
• Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary
machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages which
allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.
• Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for
input and printouts for output.
• These were also the first that stored their instructions in their
memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic
core technology.
The third generation
• The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of
the third generation of computers.
• Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips,
called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed
and efficiency of computers.
• Much smaller and cheaper compare to the second generation
computers.
• It could carry out instructions in billionths of a second.
• Users interacted with third generation computers through
keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating
system, which allowed the device to run many different
applications at one time with a central program that
monitored the memory.
• Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass
audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their
predecessors.
The fourth generation
• The microprocessors brought the fourth generation of
computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto
a single silicon chip.
• As these small computers became more powerful, they could
be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to
the development of the internet.
• Fourth generation computers also saw the development of
GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
The fifth generation
• Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
• Still in development.
• The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping
to make artificial intelligence a reality.
• The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural
language input and are capable of learning and self-
organization.
• There are some applications, such as voice recognition, that
are being used today.