Timberoy

GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
TIMBER
ADONA | AGBAT | AUSTERO | BANDOY | BERONGOY | CANILLAS | CORRALES
February 21, 2023

Properties of
Philippine Wood
and Lumber
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
WOOD
 One of the best engineering materials
 used in almost all fields of engineering
 used by man since pre-historic times
 Common application: Building construction,
railways, agricultural, mining, and navigation
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
industries
Wood vs. Lumber
 Wood refers to the trees, specifically, it refers to the
substance that trees are made out of.
 Lumber or Timber can be used to refer to any stage
of the wood after the tree has been cut down. This
may include the felled tree, the wood processed for
construction, wood pulp for paper production.
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
Wood vs. Lumber
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WOOD AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
• WOOD is an anisotropic and orthotropic material. It is divided into
two distinct kinds called hardwood and softwood, though
confusingly the names don't always refer to its actual hardness or
softness.
• It is a traditional building material, as popular today as ever. Because
wood is anisotropic, natural wooden beams work better as vertical
posts (where they are in compression) than horizontal beams (where
they are in tension).
• There are qualities that you need to consider for a good timber. Good
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
Timber has the following qualities, to wit

WOOD AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Qualities of A good timber:
Appearance A freshly cut surface of timber should exhibit hard and shining appearance.
Color The timber should preferably be dark. The light color usually indicates timber with low
strength.
Durability A good timber should be durable. It should be capable of resisting the actions of fungi,
insects, chemicals, physical agencies, and mechanical agencies.
Elasticity A good timber should preferably return to its original shape when load causing its
deformation is removed.
Fibers The timber should have straight fibers.
Fire Resistance The timber should be a bad conductor of heat. A dense wood offers good resistance of fire
Smell A good timber should have sweet smell. An unpleasant smell indicates decayed timber.
Strength or toughness A good timber should be string and tough, i.e., it should be capable of taking loads slowly
or suddenly. It should also be capable of offering resistance to shocks due to vibrations.
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
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TYPES OF WOOD
HARDWOOD OR DECIDOUS TREES
HARDWOOD – Hard woods come from broad leaved trees. These trees have flowers and produce
seeds such as nuts and fruit). Examples are oak, beech and mahogany. Hardwoods are denser than
softwoods and are stronger and more durable too. They are used for furniture making. Beech is often
used for making toys. Hardwoods are much more expensive than softwoods.
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
TYPES OF WOOD
SOFTWOOD OR CONFINERS
SOFTWOOD - Soft woods come from cone bearing trees. Examples are pine, redwood
and fir. Softwoods can be used for furniture and doors but are mostly used in construction
for roof trusses and stud partitions.
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
STRUCTURE OF TIMBER
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIMBER
TENSILE STRENGTH Timber is stronger in tension along the grain but it’s quite
difficult to determine this because of the difficulties in
conducting test.
COMPRESSIVE The strength along the grain is important for column and beam.
STRENGTH
SHEAR STRENGTH It is important in the case of the beam and slabs
BENDING STRENGTH This refers as the strength of the timber as a beam.
CLEAVABILITY High resistance for cleavage is important for nailing and
screwing while low splitting strength is important for used as
firewood.
TORSION STRENGTH Is used to determine the torsion strength of the timber and the
specimen is loaded up to failure.
HARDNESS Is important in case of timber for paving blocks flooring
bearings and other similar purposes.
STIFFNESS This property is important to determine the deflection of a
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
timber under a load.

Timber
Sawn
Structures
Lumber
 Highly variable
 Classified by grade
 Visually or Mechanically graded
Grade depends o number and
location of defects
 Defects – shakes, checks, splits
and knot
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
Timber
Glul
Structures
am
 Composed of strips of sawn lumber glued
together
 Can form larger sections than can be
obtained from trees
 Can optimize placement of wood
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
Timber
Plyw
Structures
ood
 Plywood
 Made from sheets of wood peeled
from logs
 Glued together to from large panels
 Typically 4’ by 8’
 Available in ¼” to 1 1/8” thicknesses
 Use American Plywood Association
literature for strengths
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
Advantages of Timber
 Excellent insulator
 Timber is an elastic material
 Easy and fast to build
 Sustainable
 Reusable
 Price
 Weight
 Strength
 Aesthetic appeal
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C
Disadvantages of Timber
 Shrinking and
swelling
 Fire resistance
 Discoloration
 Moldiness
GROUP 1 BSCE 3C

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GROUP 1 BSCE 3C

February 21, 2023

Timber has the following qualities, to wit

timber under a load.

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