Elements, Compounds, &

Mixtures
Chapter 3
Section 1

Objectives
SWBAT describe pure substances.

SWBAT describe the characteristics of elements,

and give examples.

SWBAT explain how elements can be identified.

SWBAT classify elements according to their

properties.
Section 1 Notes

Elements
* Lab
* 2 wksts
* Quiz

Pure substance Characteristic Properties

Boiling
Point
Only one type Categories
Melting Density Chemical
of particle
Point Properties
Metals
Called Atoms EX:
Help you identify reactivity
Nonmetals a specific element with acid

Metalloids

Element – a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler

substances by chemical means.
Pure Substance – a sample of matter, either a single element or a single
compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties.
Metal – an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well.
Nonmetal – an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly.
Metalloid – an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Section 1 Notes

Questions
Identify the group or groups of elements that have each of the
following properties.

1) Good conductors of electric current

• Metals, some metalloids

2) Brittle and nonmalleable

• Nonmetals

3) Shiny
• Metals, some metalloids

4) Poor conductors of thermal energy

• Nonmetals, some metalloids
Section 2

Objectives
SWBAT explain how elements make up
compounds.

SWBAT describe the properties of compounds.

SWBAT explain how a compound can be broken

down into its elements.

SWBAT give examples of common compounds.

Section 2 Notes
* Lab

Compounds
* Quiz
Found everywhere
Pure substance

Made of elements
Use chemical Food
Properties change to break
Chemically
down to elements
combined Clothing
Physical or simpler
Chemical compounds
Elements join Proteins
in specific ratios
Used to identify Add energy by Aluminum
compounds heat or electricity oxide
EX: Mass of Hydrogen
to the mass of Oxygen Ammonia
in water is 1 to 8 or 1:8 Ex: Sodium reacts violently with water.
Chlorine is a poisonous gas. Carbon dioxide
Combined they make sodium chloride
(table salt) carbohydrates

Compound – a substance made up of atoms of two or more different

elements joined by chemical bonds.
Section 2 Notes

Familiar Compounds
Compound Elements combined

Table Salt Sodium and Chlorine

Water Hydrogen and Oxygen

Vinegar Hydrogen, Carbon, and

Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide Carbon and Oxygen

Baking Soda Sodium, Hydrogen,

Carbon, and Oxygen
Section 2 Notes

Questions
1) What are three physical properties used to
identify compounds?

• Three physical properties used to identify

compounds are melting point, density, and
color.

2) Compounds can be broken down into what two

types of substances?

• Compounds can be broken down into elements

or simpler compounds.
Section 2 Notes

Questions
1) Compounds cannot be broken down by any
means.

• False

2) Compounds can be broken down only by

chemical changes.

• True

3) Heating can break down some compounds.

• True
Section 3

Objectives
SWBAT describe three properties of mixtures.

SWABT describe four methods of separating the parts of a

mixture.

SWBAT analyze a solution in terms of its solute and

solvent.

SWBAT explain how concentration affects a solution.

SWBAT describe the particles in a suspension.

SWBAT explain how a colloid differs from a solution and a

suspension.
Section 3 Notes
* 4 worksheets
* Lab
* Test
Properties
Mixtures Solutions

Suspensions Colloids
No chemical
changes No
happens specific Particles
Can’t be Ex:
ratio are large
separated Milk,
Some are easy enough to
by filtering Mayo,
to separate, settle and Can be
doesn’t Gelatin,
some are hard scatter/block separated
settle out Whipped
light by filtering
Ex: cream
Pizza toppings, Ex: Snow Globes Particles are smaller
salt water Salad dressing than in a suspension
Mixture – a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically
combined.
Suspension – a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly
dispersed throughout a liquid or gas.
Colloids – a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size
between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a
liquid, solid or gas.
Section 3 Notes

Mixtures and Compounds

Mixtures Compounds

Made of elements, Made of elements

compounds, or both
No change in original Change in original
properties of properties of
components components
Separated by physical Separated by chemical
means means
Formed using any ratio Formed using a set ratio
of components of components
Section 3 Notes

Solutions
* Appears to be a
single substance. Alloys:
* Particles don’t solid solutions
settle – very small metal & metal or
* Doesn’t scatter light. nonmetal & nonmetal

Substances must
Substance in which
be soluble to create
another substance
a solution.
is dissolved or
Substances
the larger amount of
that dissolve:
liquid or gas: Ex: salt water
Solute
Solvent

Solution – a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly

dispersed throughout a single phase
Solvent – in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves.
Solute – in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent.
Soluble – able to dissolve
Insoluble – unable to dissolve
Section 3 Notes

Examples of Different States of Solutions

States Examples

Gas in gas Dry air (oxygen in

nitrogen)
Gas in liquid Soft drinks (carbon
dioxide in water)
Liquid in liquid Antifreeze (alcohol in
water)
Solid in liquid Salt water (salt in water)

Solid in solid Brass (zinc in copper)

Section 3 Notes

Concentrations of Solutions
Expressed in Solubility
grams of solute Dissolving
per milliliter Dissolving Solids faster
Ex: just the right
of solvent Gases in Liquids
amount of sugar
can be completely in Liquids
either dissolved in water Crushing
Less soluble as
temperature is raised
Dilute Concentrated Heating
Ex. Soft Drinks
Does not tell the amount go ‘flat’ faster when Mixing
of solute dissolved they are warm.
Concentration – the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a
mixture, solution, or ore.
Dilute – a solution with less solute.
Concentrated – a solution with more solute.
Solubility – the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given
temperature or pressure.
Section 3 Notes

Math Break
What is the concentration of a solution that has 35 g of
salt dissolved in 175 mL of water?

Step 1: One equation for finding concentration is the

following:

Concentration = grams of solute/milliliters of solvent

Step 2: Replace grams of solute and milliliters of solvent

with the values given, and solve.

35 g salt / 175 mL water = 0.2 g/mL

Section 3 Notes

Math Break
1) What is the concentration of solution A if it has
55 g of sugar dissolved in 500 mL of water?

• Solution A: 55 g/500 mL = 0.11 g/mL

2) What is the concentration of solution B if it has

36 g of sugar dissolved in 144 mL of water?
• Solution B: 36 g/144 mL = 0.25 g/mL

3) Which solution is more concentrated?

• Solution B is more concentrated.
Section 3 Notes

Questions
• Why do substances in a mixture keep their
identities?

– Substances in a mixture keep their identities

because no chemical change takes place when
a mixture is made.

• What is an alloy?

– An alloy is a solid solution of metal or nonmetal

dissolved in another metal.
Section 3 Notes

Questions
• How does the solubility of gasses change with
temperature?

– As temperature increases, the solubility of a gas

decreases.

• How can the particles of a suspension be

separated?

– The particles of a suspension can be separated

by passing the suspension through a filter.
Section 3 Notes

Questions
• Which of the following is not a solution: air in a
scuba tank, muddy water, a soft drink, or salt
water?

– Muddy water

• When solid iodine is dissolved in alcohol, which

is the solute, and which is the solvent?

– Iodine is the solute, and alcohol is the solvent.