Grade 7 Science

Topic 1
MATTER
 Makes up everything
 Anything that has Mass
 Takes up space (volume)
 Is made up of atoms or molecules.

Pure Substances - sample of matter that has definite chemical and physical properties.

Kinds of Pure Substances:

1. Element - a primary substance that cannot be separated into simpler materials by either physical or chemical
means
- Consists of only one kind of atom
- Represented by symbols in the Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table of Elements - organizes all discovered chemical elements in rows (called periods) and
columns (called groups) according to increasing atomic number.

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev – is the Father of the Modern Periodic Table of Elements

Classifications of elements:

A. Metal - is characterized by luster (shiny appearance), malleability (ability to be hammered and rolled
into thin sheets), ductility (ability to be drawn into wires), and conductivity (ability to conduct heat and
electricity). Most metallic elements also have high melting and boiling points.
Examples: gold (Au) used for jewelry, copper (Cu) for electrical wires, and iron (Fe) for nails and steel
bars.

B. Non-metal - shows the opposite properties of metals because they are not lustrous (dull), brittle (can be
broken easily), a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and have very low melting and boiling points.
Examples: phosphorous (P) used in the production of match sticks, iodine (I) used in the manufacture of
betadine as a disinfectant of wounds, oxygen (O) for breathing, and helium (He) for flying balloons.

C. Metalloids or semimetals - are found in between the metallic and nonmetallic elements. They exhibit
the physical properties of metal but have the same chemical properties as nonmetals.
The seven elements: boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium, belong to
the group of metalloids. Metalloids are used in pyrotechnics, semiconductors and electronic.
Assessment and Performance Task

Directions: Complete the sentence by filling up the blank/s. Choose your answer from the box.
(Kumpletuhin ang pangungusap sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng tamang salita sa patlang o
guhit. Piliin ang sagot sa kahon)

atomic number ductility luster oxygen

brittle element malleability poor conductor
copper gold Mass periodic table element
conductivity helium metalloids very low melting and boiling points
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev iron not lustrous volume

1. Matter is anything that has ______________ and _____________.

2. The _______________ is a primary substance composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.
3. All elements are arranged in groups and periods according to increasing _______________ in the
_______________.
4. The father of the modern periodic table is ____________________________.
5. Metallic elements are characterized by __________, __________, __________ and __________.
6. Non-metallic elements are __________, __________, __________, and __________.
7. Elements that exhibit the properties of both metals and non-metals and are used in electronics
are called ______________.
8. The common examples of metallic elements are ______________ (used for jewelry),
______________ (used for electrical wire) and ______________ (used for steel).
9. Human and animals inhale _____________ gas to breathe, while flying balloons use
______________.
Topic 2
2. Compounds - Made of two or more the same or different elements chemically combined in a
specific ratio.
- Have their own physical and chemical properties.
- Can only be separated by chemical means, not physically
- Smallest particle is a molecule
Example: water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
2 Hydrogen atoms + Oxygen atom H20 (water)
Sodium chloride (table salt, asin) is a compound made of Sodium and Chlorine.
Sodium atom + Chlorine atom NaCl (Sodium chloride)
Can compounds be separated into its constituent elements?
Yes, through the process of electrolysis.
Electrolysis - is the process of breaking down compound into its constituent elements by allowing
the electric current to pass through it.
Example
H20 (water) Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas
(Electrolysis)

NaCl (Sodium chloride) Sodium metal + Chlorine gas

(Electrolysis)

Assessment
Directions: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided.

_____1. Which of the following is composed of two or more elements chemically

combined in definite proportions?
A. Compound B. Element C. Metal D. Nonmetal
_____2. What compound is produced if the elements potassium(K) and chlorine (Cl)
are combined chemically?
A. Potassium chloride (KCl) C. Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
B. Potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) D. Potassium phosphate (K3PO4)
_____3. Which of the following is NOT a compound?
A. Carbon monoxide C. Sodium chloride
B. Oxygen D. Table Sugar
_____4. Which of the following composes water?
A. 1 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen atoms C. 3 Hydrogen and 2 Oxygen atoms
B. 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen atoms D. 3 Hydrogen and 2 Oxygen atoms
_____5. What is the process of electrolysis?
A. The elements are combined to form a compound.
B. The compound is broken down into its component by adding salt as a catalyst.
C. The water is broken down into its constituent elements by allowing heat to pass
through it.
D. The compound is broken down into its constituent elements by allowing electric
current to pass through it.
Topic 3

Mixture
Mixture - A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined.
- substances held together by physical forces, not chemical
- No chemical change takes place
- Each item retains its properties in the mixture
- They can be separated physically
- Can be solid, liquid, or gas
Table 1. Two types of mixtures
Types of mixture Description Examples
Homogeneous - Has one phase with undistinguishable Mixtures of soy
mixture components. sauce and vinegar,
- particles are evenly distributed or salt and water, and
completely dissolved. powdered juice and
water.
Heterogeneous - Has two or more phases with Mixtures of water
mixture distinguishable components. and sand, peanut
- Components keep their physical and corn, and oil
appearance or phase and can easily be and water.
separated by physical means.
Table 2. Classifications of mixture and their methods of separation
Classification Description Examples Method of Separation
Solution A Solution is a homogeneous Air, seawater, Evaporation – done by
(Homogeneous) mixture where the particles of vinegar, applying heat (boiling) to
the substances are evenly alcohol, and transform the liquid into
distributed and no longer be juice gas and obtain the
identified. It is composed of a dissolved solid substance.
solute and a solvent. Distillation – done by
A Solute is a substance being boiling mixtures of two or
dissolved, such as sugar, salt, more liquids with different
coffee, and juice powder. A boiling points.
substance that dissolves the
solute is called a solvent.
Colloid A colloid is a heterogeneous Dissolved Centrifugation is a
(Heterogeneous) mixture that exhibits Tyndall powdered method of separating
effect whose particles are not milk in a molecules having different
seen by the naked eye. Some warm water, densities by spinning them
mixtures may get dissolved and glue, in solution around an axis
form cloudy appearance but do ketchup, (in a centrifuge rotor) at
not settle at the bottom of the mayonnaise, high speed.
container. blood, paint,
Tyndall effect is the scattering jelly, paste,
of light as a light beam passes and shampoo
through a colloid.
Suspension A suspension is a Chocolate Filtration - It uses a
(Heterogeneous) heterogeneous mixture whose milk, muddy filtering medium such as
particles are not completely water, and filter paper or cloth to
dissolved and settle down at antibiotic separate solid from liquid.
the bottom. It has two or more given by Sedimentation- done by
phases doctors are allowing the solid particles
some to settle at the bottom of
examples of the container.
suspension
 Coarse mixture A coarse mixture has Pakbet, fruit Manual separation - done
(Heterogeneous) components which particles a salad, and by sorting or picking
large enough to see without a mixed nuts different substances in
microscope. coarse/ grainy mixture.

Mixture of Magnetic separation –

sand and iron uses magnet to separate
filings. metal from non-metal in a
mixture.

Mixture of Decantation – done by

gelatin, pouring off the liquid from
water, sugar a mixture of heavy
and milk in a particles that settle at the
coffee jelly. bottom and liquid.

Mixture of Floatation is a way of

good and bad separating a lighter
monggo substance from the
seeds. mixture.
Assessment and Performance Task
Directions: Fill out the boxes to complete the concept map. Choose your answer in the
box.

Centrifugation Distillation Heterogeneous Solution

Colloid Evaporation Muddy Water Use of Magnet
Course Mixture Filtration Pakbet

Mixture

are of two types

Homogeneous
classifies as classifies as

Suspension
Example Example Example Example

Shampoo Juice

Can be separated by Can be separated by

Manual
Separation